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Hu R, Cui R, Lan D, Wang F, Wang Y. Acyl Chain Specificity of Marine Streptomyces klenkii PhosPholipase D and Its Application in Enzymatic Preparation of Phosphatidylserine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10580. [PMID: 34638918 PMCID: PMC8508628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mining of phospholipase D (PLD) with altered acyl group recognition except its head group specificity is also useful in terms of specific acyl size phospholipid production and as diagnostic reagents for quantifying specific phospholipid species. Microbial PLDs from Actinomycetes, especially Streptomyces, best fit this process requirements. In the present studies, a new PLD from marine Streptomyces klenkii (SkPLD) was purified and biochemically characterized. The optimal reaction temperature and pH of SkPLD were determined to be 60 °C and 8.0, respectively. Kinetic analysis showed that SkPLD had the relatively high catalytic efficiency toward phosphatidylcholines (PCs) with medium acyl chain length, especially 12:0/12:0-PC (67.13 S-1 mM-1), but lower catalytic efficiency toward PCs with long acyl chain (>16 fatty acids). Molecular docking results indicated that the different catalytic efficiency was related to the increased steric hindrance of long acyl-chains in the substrate-binding pockets and differences in hydrogen-bond interactions between the acyl chains and substrate-binding pockets. The enzyme displayed suitable transphosphatidylation activity and the reaction process showed 26.18% yield with L-serine and soybean PC as substrates. Present study not only enriched the PLD enzyme library but also provide guidance for the further mining of PLDs with special phospholipids recognition properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fanghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.H.); (R.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.H.); (R.C.); (D.L.)
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Li M, Zhou Y, Duan X, Zhou L, Zhang T. Characterization of a phospholipase D from Streptomyces cinnamoneum SK43.003 suitable for phosphatidylserine synthesis. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:1917-1928. [PMID: 34585426 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A phospholipase D high producing strain with transphosphatidylation activity that is suitable for phosphatidylserine synthesis was screened by our laboratory and named as Streptomyces cinnamoneum SK43.003. The enzyme structural and biochemical properties were investigated using the molecular biology method. A 1521-bp fragment of the phospholipase D gene from Streptomyces cinnamoneum SK43.003 was amplified by PCR and encoded for 506 amino acids. The primary structure contained two conserved HKD and GG/S motifs. The pld gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified enzyme exhibited the highest activity at a pH value of 6.0 andtemperature of 60°C. The enzyme was stable within a pH range of 4-7 for 24 h or at temperatures below 50°C. In addition, Triton X-100, Fe2+ , and Al3+ were beneficial to the enzyme activity, whereas Zn2+ and Cu2+ dramatically inhibited its activity. In a two-phase system, the enzyme could convert phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylserine with a 92% transformation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Licheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Zhang H, Li X, Liu Q, Sun J, Secundo F, Mao X. Construction of a Super-Folder Fluorescent Protein-Guided Secretory Expression System for the Production of Phospholipase D in Bacillus subtilis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6842-6849. [PMID: 34124889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids (PLs) are one of the main ingredients in food and nutraceutical, cosmetics, agriculture, and pharmaceutical products. Phospholipase D (PLD) is a crucial enzyme for the biocatalytic synthesis or modification of PLs. Here, to prepare PLD more efficiently, we constructed a PLD expression and secretion system in Bacillus subtilis and developed an environmentally friendly reaction system. A nonclassical secretory pathway where a super-folder green fluorescent protein plays as an N-terminal guide protein was introduced. This expression system can not only achieve rapid screening of high-level expression strains but can also achieve the secretion of the target proteins. Under optimal fermentation conditions, the enzyme activity of the culture medium was 0.35 U/mL, which was 2.05-fold that of the Sec secretion pathway strains. Meanwhile, the effects of several organic solvents in the biphasic reaction media were compared. The results showed that when using cyclopentyl methyl ether as the organic phase, the final conversion rate reached 96.9%. It has shown good application potential in the synthesis of phosphatidylserine, laid the foundation for the synthesis and application of other rare and high-value PLs, and provided a reference for the production of other biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xuehan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, v. Mario Bianco 9, Milan 20131, Italy
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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4
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Highly Efficient Extracellular Production of Recombinant Streptomyces PMF Phospholipase D in Escherichia coli. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10091057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To achieve efficient bio-production of phospholipase D (PLD), PLDs from different organisms were expressed in E.coli. An efficient secretory expression system was thereby developed for PLD. First, PLDs from Streptomyces PMF and Streptomyces racemochromogenes were separately over-expressed in E.coli to compare their transphosphatidylation activity based on the synthesis of phosphatidylserine (PS), and PLDPMF was determined to have higher activity. To further improve PLDPMF synthesis, a secretory expression system suitable for PLDPMF was constructed and optimized with different signal peptides. The highest secretory efficiency was observed when the PLD * (PLDPMF with the native signal peptide Nat removed) was expressed fused with the fusion signal peptide PelB-Nat in E. coli. The fermentation conditions were also investigated to increase the production of recombinant PLD and 10.5 U/mL PLD was ultimately obtained under the optimized conditions. For the application of recombinant PLD to PS synthesis, the PLD properties were characterized and 30.2 g/L of PS was produced after 24 h of bioconversion when 50 g/L phosphatidylcholine (PC) was added.
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Zhang Z, Chen M, Xu W, Zhang W, Zhang T, Guang C, Mu W. Microbial phospholipase D: Identification, modification and application. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Tao X, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Liu M, Liu Q, Wang W, Wang FQ, Wei D. Comparison of the expression of phospholipase D from Streptomyces halstedii in different hosts and its over-expression in Streptomyces lividans. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5380774. [PMID: 30869776 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) proteins from Streptomyces species are useful biocatalysts for synthesizing phospholipid derivatives relevant for the pharmaceutical and food industry from low-cost phosphatidylcholine. The overexpression of PLD in a recombinant strain is necessary to achieve large-scale PLD production. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of expressing PLD from Streptomyces halstedii in different hosts. The enzymatic activity of PLD reached 69.12 U/mL in the homologous Streptomyces lividans host, which was around 50-fold higher than that in the original host. Meanwhile, in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris, PLD expression was poor and showed obvious toxicity to cells, which may have been one of the reasons for low levels of PLD observed in heterologous hosts. An induced (Ptip)/constitutive (PermE*) dual-promoter expression system in S. lividans was constructed, which could achieve constitutive expression with PLD enzymatic activity of 13.41 U/mL under non-induced conditions and yield the highest PLD enzymatic activity of 68.33 U/mL with 2 μg/mL thiostreptone. The concentration of the expensive inducer was significantly reduced to only 10% of that used in the original expression system without affecting the protein expression level, which provided a good foundation for subsequent industrial applications to reduce production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qinghai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feng-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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Li SS, Li Y, Long NB, Jiang F, Zhang RF. Highly active and stable nanobiocatalyst based on in-situ cross-linking of phospholipase D for the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:1188-1194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zhou WB, Gong JS, Hou HJ, Li H, Lu ZM, Xu HY, Xu ZH, Shi JS. Mining of a phospholipase D and its application in enzymatic preparation of phosphatidylserine. Bioengineered 2017; 9:80-89. [PMID: 28509615 PMCID: PMC5972935 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2017.1308992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is useful as the additive in industries for memory improvement, mood enhancement and drug delivery. Conventionally, PS was extracted from soybeans, vegetable oils, egg yolk, and biomass; however, their low availability and high extraction cost were limiting factors. Phospholipase D (PLD) is a promising tool for enzymatic synthesis of PS due to its transphosphatidylation activity. In this contribution, a new and uncharacterized PLD was first obtained from GenBank database via genome mining strategy. The open reading frame consisted of 1614 bp and potentially encoded a protein of 538-amino-acid with a theoretical molecular mass of 60 kDa. The gene was successfully cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Its enzymatic properties were experimentally characterized. The temperature and pH optima of PLD were determined to be 60°C and 7.5, respectively. Its hydrolytic activity was improved by addition of Ca2+ at 5 mM as compared with the control. The enzyme displayed suitable transphosphatidylation activity and PS could be synthesized with L-serine and soybean lecithin as substrates under the catalysis of PLD. This PLD enzyme might be a potential candidate for industrial applications in PS production. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on genome mining of PLDs from GenBank database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Zhou
- a School of Pharmaceutical Science , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , PR China
| | - Jin-Song Gong
- a School of Pharmaceutical Science , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , PR China
| | - Hai-Juan Hou
- a School of Pharmaceutical Science , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , PR China
| | - Heng Li
- a School of Pharmaceutical Science , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , PR China
| | - Zhen-Ming Lu
- a School of Pharmaceutical Science , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , PR China.,b National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , PR China
| | - Hong-Yu Xu
- a School of Pharmaceutical Science , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , PR China.,b National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , PR China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- a School of Pharmaceutical Science , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , PR China.,b National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , PR China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- a School of Pharmaceutical Science , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , PR China
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Choojit S, Bornscheuer UT, Upaichit A, H-Kittikun A. Efficient phosphatidylserine synthesis by a phospholipase D fromStreptomycessp. SC734 isolated from soil-contaminated palm oil. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saovanee Choojit
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Thailand
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry; University of Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Apichat Upaichit
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Thailand
| | - Aran H-Kittikun
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Thailand
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10
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Kornspan JD, Rottem S, Nir-Paz R. Cardiolipin synthetase is involved in antagonistic interaction (reverse CAMP phenomenon) of Mycoplasma species with Staphylococcus aureus beta-hemolysis. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:1622-8. [PMID: 24599982 PMCID: PMC3993627 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00037-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyorhinis has been implicated in a variety of swine diseases. However, little is known about the hemolytic capabilities of Mycoplasma species in general or M. hyorhinis in particular. In this study, we show that M. hyorhinis possesses beta-hemolytic activity which may be involved in the invasion process. M. hyorhinis also possesses antagonistic cooperativity (reverse CAMP phenomenon) with Staphylococcus aureus beta-hemolysis, resulting in the protection of erythrocytes from the beta-hemolytic activity of S. aureus (reverse CAMP). The reversed CAMP phenomenon has been attributed to phospholipase D (PLD) activity. In silico analysis of the M. hyorhinis genome revealed the absence of the pld gene but the presence of the cls gene encoding cardiolipin synthetase, which contains two PLD active domains. The transformation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum that has neither the cls gene nor the reverse CAMP phenomenon with the cls gene from M. hyorhinis resulted in the reverse CAMP phenomenon, suggesting for the first time that reverse CAMP can be induced by cardiolipin synthetase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Kornspan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shlomo Rottem
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ran Nir-Paz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Kornspan JD, Rottem S. Phospholipase A and glycerophosphodiesterase activities in the cell membrane of Mycoplasma hyorhinis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012; 332:34-9. [PMID: 22507126 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyorhinis, the major contaminant of tissue cultures, has been implicated in a variety of diseases in swine. Most human and animal mycoplasmas remain attached to the surface of epithelial cells. Nonetheless, we have recently shown that M. hyorhinis is able to invade and survive within nonphagocytic melanoma cells. The invasion process may require the damaging of the host cell membrane by either chemical, physical or enzymatic means. In this study, we show that M. hyorhinis membranes possess a nonspecific phospholipase A (PLA) activity capable of hydrolyzing both position 1 and position 2 of 1-acyl-2-(12-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)] aminododecanoyl) phosphatidylcholine. In silico analysis of the M. hyorhinis genome shows that the PLA of M. hyorhinis shares no homology to described phospholipases. The PLA activity of M. hyorhinis was neither stimulated by Ca (2+) nor inhibited by EGTA and had a broad pH spectrum. Mycoplasma hyorhinis also possess a potent glycerophosphodiesterase (GPD), which apparently cleaves the glycerophosphodiester formed by PLA to yield glycerol-3-phosphate. Possible roles of PLA and GPD in invading host eukaryotic cells and in forming mediators upon the interaction of M. hyorhinis with eukaryotic cells are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Kornspan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Selvy PE, Lavieri RR, Lindsley CW, Brown HA. Phospholipase D: enzymology, functionality, and chemical modulation. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6064-119. [PMID: 21936578 PMCID: PMC3233269 DOI: 10.1021/cr200296t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paige E Selvy
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37064, USA
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Kang HC, Yoon SH, Lee CM, Koo BS. Expression and Biochemical Characteristics of a Phospholipase D from Bacillus licheniformis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3839/jabc.2011.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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