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Zhang H, Wang X, Liu J, Zhang Y, Ka M, Ma Y, Xu J, Zhang W. Role of neutrophil myeloperoxidase in the development and progression of high-altitude pulmonary edema. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 703:149681. [PMID: 38382360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil infiltration and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by hypobaric hypoxic stress are vital in high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an important enzyme in neutrophils, is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress and is also involved in the regulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), an enzyme that catalyzes the production of the vasodilatory factor nitric oxide (NO). However, the role of neutrophil MPO in HAPE's progression is still uncertain. Therefore, we hypothesize that MPO is involved in the development of HAPE via NOS. METHODS In Xining, China (altitude: 2260 m), C57BL/6 N wild-type and mpo-/- mice served as normoxic controls, while a hypobaric chamber simulated 7000 m altitude for hypoxia. L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor to inhibit NO production, was the experimental drug, and D-NAME, without NOS inhibitory effects, was the control. After measuring pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), samples were collected and analyzed for blood neutrophils, oxidative stress, inflammation, vasoactive substances, pulmonary alveolar-capillary barrier permeability, and lung tissue morphology. RESULTS Wild-type mice's lung injury scores, permeability, and neutrophil counts rose at 24 and 48 h of hypoxia exposure. Under hypoxia, PAP increased from 12.89 ± 1.51 mmHg under normoxia to 20.62 ± 3.33 mmHg significantly in wild-type mice and from 13.24 ± 0.79 mmHg to 16.50 ± 2.07 mmHg in mpo-/- mice. Consistent with PAP, inducible NOS activity, lung permeability, lung injury scores, oxidative stress response, and inflammation showed more significant increases in wild-type mice than in mpo-/- mice. Additionally, endothelial NOS activity and NO levels decreased more pronouncedly in wild-type mice than in mpo-/- mice. NOS inhibition during hypoxia led to more significant increases in PAP, permeability, and lung injury scores compared to the drug control group, especially in wild-type mice. CONCLUSION MPO knockout reduces oxidative stress and inflammation to preserve alveolar-capillary barrier permeability and limits the decline in endothelial NOS activity to reduce PAP elevation during hypoxia. MPO inhibition emerges as a prospective therapeutic strategy for HAPE, offering avenues for precise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), 810000, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China; Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xian, Shaanxi, 710000, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China.
| | - Maojia Ka
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), 810000, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China.
| | - Yi Ma
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), 810000, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China.
| | - Jiaolong Xu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China; Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, 276400, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), 810000, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China.
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Martineau DB, Fornasini M, Suárez D, Paz M, Valarezo C, Loor E, Guerrero M, Baldeon ME. Epidemiology of non-oncological high-impact chronic pain in Ecuadorian adults in 2022. Pain Manag 2023; 13:689-699. [PMID: 38193278 DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2023-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: There are limited data on non-oncological high-impact chronic pain (HICP) in Ecuador; we report the epidemiological characteristics of HICP. Materials & methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included a random sample of adult individuals who had cell phones. Results & conclusion: The weighted prevalence of HICP was 9.0%: 12.3% for women and 5.6% for men (p = 0.001). HICP was more frequently localized in the lower back and affected the economically active population. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were more commonly used; however, 61% of patients indicated that the effectiveness of their management was low. Overall, HICP had a negative impact on daily life activities. The effectiveness of the current treatment was low and should include an integrated approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora B Martineau
- Postgrado de Anestesiología en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE) Quito, Ecuador
- Postgrago de Anestesiología y Neurocirugia en la Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito Ecuador
| | - Marco Fornasini
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de la Vida, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Daniela Suárez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de la Vida, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mario Paz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Cinthia Valarezo
- Postgrado de Anestesiología en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE) Quito, Ecuador
| | - Enrique Loor
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de la Vida, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Manuel E Baldeon
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de la Vida, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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Brewster LM, Bain AR, Garcia VP, DeSouza NM, Tymko MM, Greiner JJ, Ainslie PN. Global REACH 2018: High Altitude-Related Circulating Extracellular Microvesicles Promote a Proinflammatory Endothelial Phenotype In Vitro. High Alt Med Biol 2023; 24:223-229. [PMID: 37504958 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brewster, L. Madden, Anthony R. Bain, Vinicius P. Garcia, Noah M. DeSouza, Michael M. Tymko, Jared J. Greiner, and Philip N. Ainslie. Global REACH 2018: high altitude-related circulating extracellular microvesicles promote a proinflammatory endothelial phenotype in vitro. High Alt Med Biol. 24:223-229, 2023. Introduction: Ascent to high altitude (HA) can induce vascular dysfunction by promoting a proinflammatory endothelial phenotype. Circulating microvesicles (MVs) can mediate the vascular endothelium and inflammation. It is unclear whether HA-related MVs are associated with endothelial inflammation. Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that MVs derived from ascent to HA induce a proinflammatory endothelial phenotype. Methods: Ten healthy adults (8 M/2 F; age: 28 ± 2 years) residing at sea level (SL) were studied before and 4-6 days after rapid ascent to HA (4,300 m). MVs were isolated and enumerated from plasma by centrifugation and flow cytometry. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with MVs collected from each subject at SL (MV-SL) and at HA (MV-HA). Results: Circulating MV number significantly increased at HA (26,637 ± 3,315 vs. 19,388 ± 1,699). Although intracellular expression of total nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB; 83.4 ± 6.7 arbitrary units [AU] vs. 90.2 ± 6.9 AU) was not affected, MV-HA resulted in ∼55% higher (p < 0.05) active NF-κB (129.6 ± 19.8 AU vs. 90.7 ± 10.5 AU) expression compared with MV-SL. In addition, MV-HA induced higher interleukin (IL)-6 (63.9 ± 3.9 pg/ml vs. 53.3 ± 3.6 pg/ml) and IL-8 (140.2 ± 3.6 pg/ml vs. 120.7 ± 3.8 pg/ml) release compared with MV-SL, which was blunted with NF-κB blockade. Conclusions: Circulating extracellular MVs increase at HA and induce endothelial inflammation, potentially contributing to altitude-related vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Madden Brewster
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anthony R Bain
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vinicius P Garcia
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Noah M DeSouza
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael M Tymko
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jared J Greiner
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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Hypoxic pulmonary vascular response can screen subclinical lifestyle disease in healthy population. Microvasc Res 2023; 145:104454. [PMID: 36347299 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subclinical life style disease can cause endothelial dysfunction associated with perfusion abnormalities and reduced vascular compliance. Subclinical elevated beta type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been associated with altered fluid shift from extra to intracellular space during acute hypoxia. Therefore we measured vascular response and BNP levels during acute hypoxia to study endothelial functions among healthy individuals. METHODS Individuals were exposed to acute normobaric hypoxia of FiO2 = 0.15 for one hour in supine position and their pulmonary and systemic vascular response to hypoxia was compared. Individuals were divided into two groups based on either no response (Group 1) or rise in systolic pulmonary artery pressure to hypoxia (Group 2) and their BNP levels were compared. RESULTS BNP was raised after hypoxia exposure in group 2 only from 18.52 ± 7 to 21.56 ± 10.82 picogram/ml, p < 0.05. Group 2 also showed an increase in mean arterial pressure and no fall in total body water in response to acute hypoxia indicating decreased endothelial function compared to Group 1. CONCLUSION Rise in pulmonary artery pressure and BNP level in response to acute normobaric hypoxia indicates reduced endothelial function and can be used to screen subclinical lifestyle disease among healthy population.
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Physiological benefits of Akkermansia muciniphila under high-altitude hypoxia. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 107:1-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Inflammation in Pulmonary Hypertension and Edema Induced by Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012656. [PMID: 36293512 PMCID: PMC9604159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to high altitudes generates a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen, triggering a hypobaric hypoxic condition. This condition produces pathophysiologic alterations in an organism. In the lung, one of the principal responses to hypoxia is the development of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), which improves gas exchange. However, when HPV is exacerbated, it induces high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH). Another important illness in hypobaric hypoxia is high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), which occurs under acute exposure. Several studies have shown that inflammatory processes are activated in high-altitude illnesses, highlighting the importance of the crosstalk between hypoxia and inflammation. The aim of this review is to determine the inflammatory pathways involved in hypobaric hypoxia, to investigate the key role of inflammation in lung pathologies, such as HAPH and HAPE, and to summarize different anti-inflammatory treatment approaches for these high-altitude illnesses. In conclusion, both HAPE and HAPH show an increase in inflammatory cell infiltration (macrophages and neutrophils), cytokine levels (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β), chemokine levels (MCP-1), and cell adhesion molecule levels (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1), and anti-inflammatory treatments (decreasing all inflammatory components mentioned above) seem to be promising mitigation strategies for treating lung pathologies associated with high-altitude exposure.
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Bai J, Li L, Li Y, Zhang L. Genetic and immune changes in Tibetan high-altitude populations contribute to biological adaptation to hypoxia. Environ Health Prev Med 2022; 27:39. [PMID: 36244759 PMCID: PMC9640738 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tibetans have lived at very high altitudes for thousands of years, and have a distinctive suite of physiological traits that enable them to tolerate environmental hypoxia. Expanding awareness and knowledge of the differences in hematology, hypoxia-associated genes, immune system of people living at different altitudes and from different ethnic groups may provide evidence for the prevention of mountain sickness. METHOD Ninety-five Han people at mid-altitude, ninety-five Tibetan people at high-altitude and ninety-eight Han people at high-altitude were recruited. Red blood cell parameters, immune cells, the contents of cytokines, hypoxia-associated gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were measured. RESULTS The values of Hematocrit (HCT), Mean cell volume (MCV) and Mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) in red blood cell, immune cell CD19+ B cell number, the levels of cytokines Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (ErbB3) and Tumor necrosis factor receptor II (TNF-RII) and the levels of hypoxia-associated factors Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), Hypoxia inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) and HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) were decreased, while the frequencies of SNPs in twenty-six Endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1) and Egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 (EGLN1) were increased in Tibetan people at high-altitude compared with that of Han peoples at high-altitude. Furthermore, compared with mid-altitude individuals, high-altitude individuals showed lower blood cell parameters including Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), HCT, MCV and MCH, higher Mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), lower immune cells including CD19+ B cells, CD4+ T cells and CD4/CD8 ratio, higher immune cells containing CD8+ T cells and CD16/56NK cells, decreased Growth regulated oncogene alpha (GROa), Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1b), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), and increased Thrombomodulin, downregulated hypoxia-associated factors including HIF1α, HIF2α and PHD2, and higher frequency of EGLN1 rs2275279. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that biological adaption to hypoxia at high altitude might have been mediated by changes in immune cells, cytokines, and hypoxia-associated genes during the evolutionary history of Tibetan populations. Furthermore, different responses to high altitude were observed in different ethnic groups, which may provide a useful knowledge to improve the protection of high-altitude populations from mountain sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bai
- Institute of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Hematology, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Institute of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Hematology, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Institute of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Hematology, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liansheng Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Hematology, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Dingxi People’s Hospital, Dingxi 730500, China
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Vanderhaeghen T, Beyaert R, Libert C. Bidirectional Crosstalk Between Hypoxia Inducible Factors and Glucocorticoid Signalling in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:684085. [PMID: 34149725 PMCID: PMC8211996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.684085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced (GC) and hypoxia-induced transcriptional responses play an important role in tissue homeostasis and in the regulation of cellular responses to stress and inflammation. Evidence exists that there is an important crosstalk between both GC and hypoxia effects. Hypoxia is a pathophysiological condition to which cells respond quickly in order to prevent metabolic shutdown and death. The hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are the master regulators of oxygen homeostasis and are responsible for the ability of cells to cope with low oxygen levels. Maladaptive responses of HIFs contribute to a variety of pathological conditions including acute mountain sickness (AMS), inflammation and neonatal hypoxia-induced brain injury. Synthetic GCs which are analogous to the naturally occurring steroid hormones (cortisol in humans, corticosterone in rodents), have been used for decades as anti-inflammatory drugs for treating pathological conditions which are linked to hypoxia (i.e. asthma, ischemic injury). In this review, we investigate the crosstalk between the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and HIFs. We discuss possible mechanisms by which GR and HIF influence one another, in vitro and in vivo, and the therapeutic effects of GCs on HIF-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tineke Vanderhaeghen
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Pham K, Parikh K, Heinrich EC. Hypoxia and Inflammation: Insights From High-Altitude Physiology. Front Physiol 2021; 12:676782. [PMID: 34122145 PMCID: PMC8188852 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.676782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The key regulators of the transcriptional response to hypoxia and inflammation (hypoxia inducible factor, HIF, and nuclear factor-kappa B, NF-κB, respectively) are evolutionarily conserved and share significant crosstalk. Tissues often experience hypoxia and inflammation concurrently at the site of infection or injury due to fluid retention and immune cell recruitment that ultimately reduces the rate of oxygen delivery to tissues. Inflammation can induce activity of HIF-pathway genes, and hypoxia may modulate inflammatory signaling. While it is clear that these molecular pathways function in concert, the physiological consequences of hypoxia-induced inflammation and how hypoxia modulates inflammatory signaling and immune function are not well established. In this review, we summarize known mechanisms of HIF and NF-κB crosstalk and highlight the physiological consequences that can arise from maladaptive hypoxia-induced inflammation. Finally, we discuss what can be learned about adaptive regulation of inflammation under chronic hypoxia by examining adaptive and maladaptive inflammatory phenotypes observed in human populations at high altitude. We aim to provide insight into the time domains of hypoxia-induced inflammation and highlight the importance of hypoxia-induced inflammatory sensitization in immune function, pathologies, and environmental adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erica C. Heinrich
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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Andrographolide: Regulating the Master Regulator NF-κB. Indian J Clin Biochem 2021; 36:117-119. [PMID: 33505135 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-019-00866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural product based medicines are being used in India since 12th century BC and their efficacies are well established in Indian traditional medicine system. However, the mechanism of action as per the modern medicinal system was not well reported. Plant-derived natural compounds are very useful for inflammatory disorders and other diseases such as cancer. Various medicines like artemisinin, vincristine, vinblastine, taxol, and so forth, are invaluable contributions of nature to modern medicine. The role of transcription factor NF-κB was well delineated in inflammatory processes. Binding of NF-κB to the promoter site of several inflammatory genes activate them to secrete proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Plant derived natural compounds like andrographolide could be useful in inflammatory disorders as it directly inhibit the binding of NF-κB with DNA at promoter site. Transcription factor NF-κB is a master regulator of the proinflammatory gene expression program and since it was suppressed by andrographolide, hence andrographolide is rightly termed as regulator of master regulator.
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Lin X, Wang H, Pu X. Protective mechanism of fdft1 in steroid hormone synthesis pathway in SD rats with acute hypoxic injury. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:1319-1326. [PMID: 32980992 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acute hypoxic injury caused by the plain population entering the plateau in a short period of time has become the main cause of endangering the health of the people who rush into the plateau. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to identify the key genes which participate in resisting the acute hypoxic injury in SD Rats by transcriptomic profile analysis. METHODS 48 Sprague Dawley (SD) male rats were enrolled and randomly divided into four groups (0h, 24h, 48h, 72h) and housed in hypobaric hypoxia chamber with altitude 6000m for different periods of time to make them acute hypoxic injury. The transcriptomic profile of the lung tissue of the rats was analysed by RNA second-generation sequencing combined with bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS The results of GO and KEGG function classification analysis revealed that the differential expression genes enriched in steroid hormone synthesis pathway especially in 48h group compared to F0 group. Further analysis revealed that Farnesyl Diphosphate Farnesyl Transferase 1 (fdft1) gene encoding a rate-limiting enzyme in steroid hormone synthesis pathway was significant differently expressed between the groups. The expression levels of fdft1 gene were further verified by RT-PCR and Western-blot methods. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that fdft1 gene plays an important role in responding to acute hypoxic injury by regulating steroid hormone biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lin
- College of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- College of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pu
- College of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China. .,Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China.
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Khatri R, Gupta RK, Vats P, Bansal V, Yadav AK, Reddy PK, Bharadwaj A, Chaudhary P, Sharma S, Bajaj AC, Deskit P, Dass D, Baburaj TP, Singh SB, Kumar B. Subclinical elevated B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) indicates endothelial dysfunction contributing to hypoxia susceptibility in healthy individuals. Life Sci 2020; 260:118408. [PMID: 32926931 PMCID: PMC7486215 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aims Baseline elevated B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) has been found in high altitude pulmonary edema susceptible population. Exaggerated pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia may be related to endothelial dysfunction in hypoxia susceptible. We hypothesize that baseline BNP levels can predict hypoxia susceptibility in healthy individuals. Main methods The pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia was compared in 35 male healthy individuals divided into two groups based on BNP levels (Group 1 ≤ 15 and Group 2 > 15 pg/ml). Acute normobaric hypoxia was administered to both the groups, to confirm hypoxia susceptibility in Group 2. Key findings Unlike Group 1, Group 2 had elevated post hypoxia BNP levels (26 vs 33.5 pg/ml, p = 0.002) while pulmonary artery pressure was comparable. A negative correlation with tissue oxygen consumption (delta pO2) and compartmental fluid shift was seen in Group 1 only. Endothelial dysfunction in Group 2 resulted in reduced vascular compliance leading to elevation of mean blood pressure on acute hypoxia exposure. BNP showed a positive correlation with endothelial dysfunction in Group 2 and has been linked to pre-diabetic disorder (HbA1c 6 ± 0.44%) and may additionally represent a lower cross-sectional area of vascular bed related to vascular remodeling mediated by chronic hypoxia. Significance Hypoxia susceptibility in healthy individuals may be related to endothelial dysfunction that limits vascular compliance during hypoxic stress. BNP level showed positive correlation with HbA1c (r = 0.49, p = 0.04) and negative correlation with delta pO2 (r = −0.52, p = 0.04) can predict reduced microvascular compliance due to endothelial dysfunction contributing to hypoxia susceptibility in healthy individuals. BNP levels≤15 pg/ml at sea level is indicative of hypoxia resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Khatri
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Rajinder K Gupta
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
| | - Praveen Vats
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Vishal Bansal
- Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute (VPCI), Delhi University, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Anand Kumar Yadav
- Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute (VPCI), Delhi University, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Prasanna K Reddy
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Abhishek Bharadwaj
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Pooja Chaudhary
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Amir Chand Bajaj
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Padma Deskit
- Sonam Norboo Memorial (S.N.M.) Hospital, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir 194101, India
| | - Deepak Dass
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Thiruthara P Baburaj
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Bhuvnesh Kumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
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Gojkovic M, Darmasaputra GS, Veliça P, Rundqvist H, Johnson RS. Deregulated hypoxic response in myeloid cells: A model for high-altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE). Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13461. [PMID: 32129933 PMCID: PMC8638671 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM High-altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) is a non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema that can occur during rapid ascent to a high-altitude environment. Classically, HAPE has been described as a condition resulting from a combination of pulmonary vasoconstriction and hypertension. Inflammation has been described as important in HAPE, although as a side effect of pulmonary oedema rather than as a causative factor. In this study, we aim to understand the role of hypoxic response in myeloid cells and its involvement in pathogenesis of HAPE. METHODS We have generated a conditional deletion in mice of the von Hippel-Lindau factor (VHL) in myeloid cells to determine the effect of a deregulated hypoxic response in pulmonary oedema. RESULTS The deletion of VHL in pulmonary myeloid cells gave rise to pulmonary oedema, increased pulmonary vascular permeability and reduced performance during exertion. These changes were accompanied by reduced stroke volume in the left ventricle. CONCLUSION In this model, we show that a deregulated myeloid cell hypoxic response can trigger some of the most important symptoms of HAPE, and thus mice with a deletion of VHL in the myeloid lineage can function as a model of HAPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Gojkovic
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Pedro Veliça
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Helene Rundqvist
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Randall S. Johnson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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Subclinical pulmonary dysfunction contributes to high altitude pulmonary edema susceptibility in healthy non-mountaineers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14892. [PMID: 29097771 PMCID: PMC5668232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14947-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
HAPE susceptible (HAPE-S, had HAPE episode in past) subjects may have subclinical cardio-pulmonary dysfunction. We compared the results of pulmonary function tests in 25 healthy HAPE-S non-mountaineers and 19 matched HAPE resistant (HAPE-R, no HAPE episode in past). Acute normobaric hypoxia (FIo2 0.12) was administered at sea level to confirm hypoxia intolerance in HAPE-S. Unlike HAPE-R, HAPE-S subjects had elevated baseline and post-hypoxia systolic pulmonary arterial pressures (20.9 ± 3 vs 27.3 ± 5 mm Hg during normoxia and 26.2 ± 6 vs 45.44 ± 10 mm Hg during hypoxia, HAPE-R vs HAPE-S). Forced vital capacity (FVC) and single breath alveolar volume (SBVA) were significantly lower in HAPE-S compared to HAPE-R (FVC: 4.33 ± 0.5 vs 4.6 ± 0.4; SBVA: 5.17 ± 1 vs 5.6 ± 1 Lt; HAPE-S vs HAPE-R). Two subgroups with abnormal pulmonary function could be identified within HAPE-S; HAPE-S1 (n = 4) showed DLCO>140% of predicted, suggestive of asthma and HAPE-S2 (n = 12) showed restrictive pattern. Each of these patterns have previously been linked to early small airway disease and may additionally represent a lower cross-sectional area of the pulmonary vascular bed, related to lower lung volumes. HAPE susceptibility in healthy non-mountaineers may be related to sub-clinical pulmonary pathology that limits compensatory rise in ventilation and pulmonary circulation during hypoxic stress.
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Wang K, Feng X, Chai L, Cao S, Qiu F. The metabolism of berberine and its contribution to the pharmacological effects. Drug Metab Rev 2017; 49:139-157. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2017.1306544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xinchi Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Chai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Chemokines in High Altitude Pulmonary Edema. Indian J Clin Biochem 2016; 31:483-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s12291-016-0581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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