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Liu L, Xie Y, Yahaya BS, Wu F. GIGANTEA Unveiled: Exploring Its Diverse Roles and Mechanisms. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:94. [PMID: 38254983 PMCID: PMC10815842 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
GIGANTEA (GI) is a conserved nuclear protein crucial for orchestrating the clock-associated feedback loop in the circadian system by integrating light input, modulating gating mechanisms, and regulating circadian clock resetting. It serves as a core component which transmits blue light signals for circadian rhythm resetting and overseeing floral initiation. Beyond circadian functions, GI influences various aspects of plant development (chlorophyll accumulation, hypocotyl elongation, stomatal opening, and anthocyanin metabolism). GI has also been implicated to play a pivotal role in response to stresses such as freezing, thermomorphogenic stresses, salinity, drought, and osmotic stresses. Positioned at the hub of complex genetic networks, GI interacts with hormonal signaling pathways like abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), salicylic acid (SA), and brassinosteroids (BRs) at multiple regulatory levels. This intricate interplay enables GI to balance stress responses, promoting growth and flowering, and optimize plant productivity. This review delves into the multifaceted roles of GI, supported by genetic and molecular evidence, and recent insights into the dynamic interplay between flowering and stress responses, which enhance plants' adaptability to environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China;
| | - Yuxin Xie
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.X.); (B.S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Baba Salifu Yahaya
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.X.); (B.S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fengkai Wu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.X.); (B.S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
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Yu Y, Song T, Wang Y, Zhang M, Li N, Yu M, Zhang S, Zhou H, Guo S, Bu Y, Wang T, Xiang J, Zhang X. The wheat WRKY transcription factor TaWRKY1-2D confers drought resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:1203-1217. [PMID: 36442571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factor family has been associated with a variety of plant biological processes, such as biotic and abiotic stress responses. In this study, 13 wheat TaWRKY DEGs in transcriptome data before and after drought stress, namely TaWRKY1 to TaWRKY8, including various copies, were identified and classified as Group I, II, or III. TaWRKY1-2D overexpression enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. Moreover, the AtRD29A, AtP5CS1, AtPOD1, AtCAT1, and AtSOD (Cu/Zn) genes, which are related to the stress response and antioxidant system, were significantly upregulated in TaWRKY1-2D transgenic Arabidopsis under drought stress. TaWRKY1-2 silencing in wheat increases the MDA content, reduces the contents of proline and chlorophyll and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and inhibits the expression levels of antioxidant (TaPOD, TaCAT, and TaSOD (Fe))- and stress-related genes (TaP5CS) under drought stress. Yeast two-hybrid screening revealed TaDHN3 as an interaction partner of TaWRKY1-2D; their interaction was further confirmed using yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Furthermore, TaWRKY1-2D may play essential roles in wheat drought tolerance through posttranslational regulation of TaDHN3. Overall, these findings contribute to our knowledge of the WRKY family in wheat and identify TaWRKY1-2D as a promising candidate gene for improving wheat breeding to generate drought-tolerant wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Tianqi Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yukun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Mingfei Zhang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Protection & Exploitation and Utilization of Animal and Plant Resources in Eastern Inner Mongolia, Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000, China
| | - Nan Li
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Protection & Exploitation and Utilization of Animal and Plant Resources in Eastern Inner Mongolia, Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000, China
| | - Ming Yu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Shuangxing Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Sihai Guo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yaning Bu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jishan Xiang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Protection & Exploitation and Utilization of Animal and Plant Resources in Eastern Inner Mongolia, Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000, China.
| | - Xiaoke Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China.
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Al-Rooqi MM, Mughal EU, Raja QA, Hussein EM, Naeem N, Sadiq A, Asghar BH, Moussa Z, Ahmed SA. Flavonoids and related privileged scaffolds as potential urease inhibitors: a review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3210-3233. [PMID: 36756398 PMCID: PMC9869662 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08284e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by bacteria are a significant issue on a global scale, and imperative action is required to discover novel or improved therapeutic agents. Flavonoids are a class of plant-derived compounds that have a variety of potentially useful bioactivities. These activities include immediate antimicrobial properties, synergistic effect with antimicrobials, ferocious repression of pathogenicity, anti-urease activity etc. This review summarizes current studies concerning anti-urease actions of flavonoids as well as structural-activity correlation investigations of the flavonoid core structure. It is possible that if researchers investigate the many structural changes that may be made in flavonoid rings, they'll be able to build up novel compounds that have powerful and effective anti-urease properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munirah M Al-Rooqi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Essam M Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University 71516 Assiut Egypt
| | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat Gujrat-50700 Pakistan
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
| | - Basim H Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad Moussa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University 71516 Assiut Egypt
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Liu H, Ma X, Liu S, Du B, Cheng N, Wang Y, Zhang Y. The Nicotiana tabacum L. major latex protein-like protein 423 (NtMLP423) positively regulates drought tolerance by ABA-dependent pathway. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:475. [PMID: 33066728 PMCID: PMC7565365 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress is an environmental factor that limits plant growth and reproduction. Little research has been conducted to investigate the MLP gene in tobacco. Here, NtMLP423 was isolated and identified, and its role in drought stress was studied. RESULTS Overexpression of NtMLP423 improved tolerance to drought stress in tobacco, as determined by physiological analyses of water loss efficiency, reactive oxygen species levels, malondialdehyde content, and levels of osmotic regulatory substances. Overexpression of NtMLP423 in transgenic plants led to greater sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated seed germination and ABA-induced stomatal closure. NtMLP423 also regulated drought tolerance by increasing the levels of ABA under conditions of drought stress. Our study showed that the transcription level of ABA synthetic genes also increased. Overexpression of NtMLP423 reduced membrane damage and ROS accumulation and increased the expression of stress-related genes under drought stress. We also found that NtWRKY71 regulated the transcription of NtMLP423 to improve drought tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that NtMLP423-overexpressing increased drought tolerance in tobacco via the ABA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Xiaocen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Bingyang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Nini Cheng
- Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P.R. China.
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Zhang H, Li M, He D, Wang K, Yang P. Mutations on ent-kaurene oxidase 1 encoding gene attenuate its enzyme activity of catalyzing the reaction from ent-kaurene to ent-kaurenoic acid and lead to delayed germination in rice. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008562. [PMID: 31923187 PMCID: PMC6977763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice seed germination is a critical step that determines its entire life circle, with seeds failing to germinate or pre-harvest sprouting both reduce grain yield. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying this complex biological event remain unclear. Previously, gibberellin has been shown to promote seed germination. In this study, a delayed seed germination rice mutant was obtained through screening of the EMS induced mutants. Besides of delayed germination, it also shows semi-dwarfism phenotype, which could be recovered by exogenous GA. Through re-sequencing on the mutant, wild-type and their F2 populations, we identified two continuous mutated sites on ent-kaurene oxidase 1 (OsKO1) gene, which result in the conversion from Thr to Met in the cytochrome P450 domain. Genetic complementary analysis and enzyme assay verified that the mutations in OsKO1 gene block the biosynthesis of GA and result in the defect phenotypes. Further analyses proved that OsKO1 could catalyze the reaction from ent-kaurene into ent-kaurenoic acid in GA biosynthesis mainly at seed germination and seedling stages, and the mutations decrease its activity to catalyze the step from ent-kaurenol to ent-kaurenoic acid in this reaction. Transcriptomic and proteomic data indicate that the defect on GA biosynthesis decreases its ability to mobilize starch and attenuate ABA signaling, therefore delay the germination process. The results provide some new insights into both GA biosynthesis and seed germination regulatory pathway in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongli He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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Parmar N, Singh KH, Sharma D, Singh L, Kumar P, Nanjundan J, Khan YJ, Chauhan DK, Thakur AK. Genetic engineering strategies for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and quality enhancement in horticultural crops: a comprehensive review. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:239. [PMID: 28702937 PMCID: PMC5507805 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0870-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic engineering technique offers myriads of applications in improvement of horticultural crops for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and produce quality enhancement. During last two decades, a large number of transgenic horticultural crops has been developed and more are underway. A number of genes including natural and synthetic Cry genes, protease inhibitors, trypsin inhibitors and cystatin genes have been used to incorporate insect and nematode resistance. For providing protection against fungal and bacterial diseases, various genes like chitinase, glucanase, osmotin, defensin and pathogenesis-related genes are being transferred to many horticultural crops world over. RNAi technique has been found quite successful in inducing virus resistance in horticultural crops in addition to coat protein genes. Abiotic stresses such as drought, heat and salinity adversely affect production and productivity of horticultural crops and a number of genes encoding for biosynthesis of stress protecting compounds including mannitol, glycine betaine and heat shock proteins have been employed for abiotic stress tolerance besides various transcription factors like DREB1, MAPK, WRKY, etc. Antisense gene and RNAi technologies have revolutionized the pace of improvement of horticultural crops, particularly ornamentals for color modification, increasing shelf-life and reducing post-harvest losses. Precise genome editing tools, particularly CRISPR/Cas9, have been efficiently applied in tomato, petunia, citrus, grape, potato and apple for gene mutation, repression, activation and epigenome editing. This review provides comprehensive overview to draw the attention of researchers for better understanding of genetic engineering advancements in imparting biotic and abiotic stress tolerance as well as on improving various traits related to quality, texture, plant architecture modification, increasing shelf-life, etc. in different horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehanjali Parmar
- Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, 173 230, India.
| | | | - Deepika Sharma
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, 321 303, India
| | - Lal Singh
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, 321 303, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - J Nanjundan
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Wellington, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, 643 231, India
| | - Yasin Jeshima Khan
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Chauhan
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Chatha, Jammu, J&K, 180 009, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Thakur
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, 321 303, India
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Qin YX, Qin F. Dehydrins from wheat x Thinopyrum ponticum amphiploid increase salinity and drought tolerance under their own inducible promoters without growth retardation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 99:142-9. [PMID: 26756791 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Dehydrins confer abiotic stress tolerance in seedlings, but few dehydrins have been studied by transgenic analysis under their own promoters in relation to abiotic stress tolerance. Also the inducible promoters for transgenic engineering are limited. In this study, we isolated from wheat three salt-induced YSK2 dehydrin genes and their promoters. The cDNA sequences were 711, 785, and 932 bp in length, encoding proteins containing 133, 166 and 231 amino acids, respectively, and were named TaDHN1, TaDHN2, and TaDHN3. TaDHN2 doesn't contain introns, while the other two genes each contain one. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis revealed all three dehydrin genes are substantially induced by ABA and NaCl, but only TaDHN2 is induced in seedlings by PEG and by cold (4 °C). Regulatory sequences upstream of the first translation codon (775, 1615 and 889 bp) of the three dehydrin genes were also cloned. Cis-element prediction indicated the presence of ABRE and other abiotic-stress-related elements. Histochemical analysis using GUS expression demonstrated that all three promoters were induced by ABA, cold or NaCl. Ectopic over-expression of TaDHN1 or TaDHN3 in Arabidopsis under their own inducible promoters enhanced NaCl- and drought-stress tolerance without growth retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Qin
- University of Jinan, School of Biological Science and Technology, Department of Biological Science, Jinan 250022, PR China.
| | - Fangyuan Qin
- Department of School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, 550025, PR China
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Yadeta KA, Valkenburg DJ, Hanemian M, Marco Y, Thomma BPHJ. The Brassicaceae-specific EWR1 gene provides resistance to vascular wilt pathogens. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88230. [PMID: 24505441 PMCID: PMC3914955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil-borne vascular wilt diseases caused by Verticillium spp. are among the most destructive diseases worldwide in a wide range of plant species. The most effective means of controlling Verticillium wilt diseases is the use of genetic resistance. We have previously reported the identification of four activation-tagged Arabidopsis mutants which showed enhanced resistance to Verticillium wilt. Among these, one mutant also showed enhanced resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum, a bacterial vascular wilt pathogen. Cloning of the activation tag revealed an insertion upstream of gene At3g13437, which we designated as EWR1 (for Enhancer of vascular Wilt Resistance 1) that encodes a putatively secreted protein of unknown function. The search for homologs of Arabidopsis EWR1 (AtEWR1) in public databases only identified homologs within the Brassicaceae family. We subsequently cloned the EWR1 homolog from Brassica oleracea (BoEWR1) and show that over-expression in Arabidopsis results in V. dahliae resistance. Moreover, over-expression of AtEWR1 and BoEWR1 in N. benthamiana, a member of the Solanaceae family, results in V. dahliae resistance, suggesting that EWR1 homologs can be used to engineer Verticillium wilt resistance in non-Brassicaceae crops as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koste A. Yadeta
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Valkenburg
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Hanemian
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microorganismes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Yves Marco
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microorganismes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Bart P. H. J. Thomma
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Talukdar D. Comparative morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of lentil and grass pea genotypes under water stress. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2013; 4:396-402. [PMID: 24082740 PMCID: PMC3783788 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.116983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Both lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) and grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) in the family Fabaceae are two important cool-season food legumes, often experiencing water stress conditions during growth and maturity. Objective: The present study was undertaken to ascertain the response of these two crops under different water stress regimes. Materials and Methods: Different morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters were studied in a pot experiment under controlled environmental conditions. Along with control (proper irrigation, 0 stress), three sets of plants were subjected to mild (6 d), moderate (13 d) and severe (20 d) water stress by withholding irrigation at the appropriate time. Results: Compared with control, plant growth traits and seed yield components reduced significantly in both crops with increasing period of water stress, resulting in lowering of dry mass with more severe effect on lentil compared with grass pea. Foliar Relative Water Content (RWC) (%), K+/Na+ ratio, chlorophyll (chl) a, chl a/b ratio, stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate declined considerably in both crops under water stress. Leaf-free proline level increased significantly in both crops, but it decreased markedly in nodules of lentil and remained unchanged in grass pea. Nodulation was also affected due to water stress. The impairment in growth traits and physio-biochemical parameters under water stress was manifested in reduction of drought tolerance efficiency of both crops. Conclusion: Impact of water stress was more severe on lentil compared with grass pea, and modulation of growth traits signified necessity of a detailed strategy in breeding of food legumes under water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Talukdar
- Department of Botany, Plant Cell and Stress Biology Lab, R.P.M. College, University of Calcutta, Uttarpara, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
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Muñoz-Mayor A, Pineda B, Garcia-Abellán JO, Antón T, Garcia-Sogo B, Sanchez-Bel P, Flores FB, Atarés A, Angosto T, Pintor-Toro JA, Moreno V, Bolarin MC. Overexpression of dehydrin tas14 gene improves the osmotic stress imposed by drought and salinity in tomato. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:459-68. [PMID: 22226709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
One strategy to increase the level of drought and salinity tolerance is the transfer of genes codifying different types of proteins functionally related to macromolecules protection, such as group 2 of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins or dehydrins. The TAS14 dehydrin was isolated and characterized in tomato and its expression was induced by osmotic stress (NaCl and mannitol) and abscisic acid (ABA) [Godoy et al., Plant Mol Biol 1994;26:1921-1934], yet its function in drought and salinity tolerance of tomato remains elusive. In this study, transgenic tomato plants overexpressing tas14 gene under the control of the 35SCaMV promoter were generated to assess the function of tas14 gene in drought and salinity tolerance. The plants overexpressing tas14 gene achieved improved long-term drought and salinity tolerance without affecting plant growth under non-stress conditions. A mechanism of osmotic stress tolerance via osmotic potential reduction and solutes accumulation, such as sugars and K(+) is operating in tas14 overexpressing plants in drought conditions. A similar mechanism of osmotic stress tolerance was observed under salinity. Moreover, the overexpression of tas14 gene increased Na(+) accumulation only in adult leaves, whereas in young leaves, the accumulated solutes were K(+) and sugars, suggesting that plants overexpressing tas14 gene are able to distribute the Na(+) accumulation between young and adult leaves over a prolonged period in stressful conditions. Measurement of ABA showed that the action mechanism of tas14 gene is associated with an earlier and greater accumulation of ABA in leaves during short-term periods. A good feature for the application of this gene in improving drought and salt stress tolerance is the fact that its constitutive expression does not affect plant growth under non-stress conditions, and tolerance induced by overexpression of tas14 gene was observed at the different stress degrees applied to the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Muñoz-Mayor
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
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11
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Checker VG, Chhibbar AK, Khurana P. Stress-inducible expression of barley Hva1 gene in transgenic mulberry displays enhanced tolerance against drought, salinity and cold stress. Transgenic Res 2011; 21:939-57. [PMID: 22160463 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-011-9577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Coping with different kinds of biotic and abiotic stresses is the foundation of sustainable agriculture. Although conventional breeding and marker-assisted selection are being employed in mulberry (Morus indica L.) to develop better varieties, nonetheless the longer time periods required for these approaches necessitates the use of precise biotechnological approaches for sustainable agriculture. In an attempt to improve stress tolerance of mulberry, an important plant of the sericulture industry, an encoding late embryogenesis abundant gene from barley (HVA1) was introduced into mulberry plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic mulberry with barley Hva1 under a constitutive promoter actin1 was shown to enhance drought and salinity tolerance. Here, we report that overexpression of barley Hva1 also confers cold tolerance in transgenic mulberry. Further, barley Hva1 gene under control of a stress-inducible promoter rd29A can effectively negate growth retardation under non-stress conditions and confer stress tolerance in transgenic mulberry. Transgenic lines display normal morphology to enhanced growth and an increased tolerance against drought, salt and cold conditions as measured by free proline, membrane stability index and PSII activity. Protein accumulation was detected under stress conditions confirming inductive expression of HVA1 in transgenics. Investigations to assess stress tolerance of these plants under field conditions revealed an overall better performance than the non-transgenic plants. Enhanced expression of stress responsive genes such as Mi dnaJ and Mi 2-cysperoxidin suggests that Hva1 can regulate downstream genes associated with providing abiotic stress tolerance. The investigation of transgenic lines presented here demonstrates the acquisition of tolerance against drought, salt and cold stress in plants overexpressing barley Hva1, indicating that Arabidopsis rd29A promoter can function in mulberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha G Checker
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
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Beritognolo I, Harfouche A, Brilli F, Prosperini G, Gaudet M, Brosché M, Salani F, Kuzminsky E, Auvinen P, Paulin L, Kangasjärvi J, Loreto F, Valentini R, Mugnozza GS, Sabatti M. Comparative study of transcriptional and physiological responses to salinity stress in two contrasting Populus alba L. genotypes. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 31:1335-1355. [PMID: 21911439 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpr083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is an important limiting factor to tree growth and productivity. Populus alba L. is a moderately salt-tolerant species and its natural populations are adapted to contrasting environments, thus providing genetic resources to identify key genes for tolerance to abiotic stress, such as salinity. To elucidate the molecular and genetic basis of variation for salinity tolerance in P. alba, we analyzed the short-term ecophysiological and transcriptome response to salinity. Two contrasting genotypes, 6K3, salt sensitive, and 14P11, salt tolerant, originating from North and South Italy, respectively, were challenged with salt stress (200 mM NaCl). Sodium accumulated in the leaves of salt-treated plants and its concentration increased with time. The net photosynthesis was strongly reduced by salinity in both genotypes, with 6K3 being significantly more affected than 14P11. The transcriptional changes in leaves were analyzed using cDNA microarrays containing about 7000 stress-related poplar expressed sequence tags (EST). A microarray experiment based on RNA pooling showed a number of salinity--regulated transcripts that markedly increased from 3 h to 3 days of salinity treatment. Thus, a detailed analysis was performed on replicated plants collected at 3 days, when ~20% of transcripts showed significant change induced by salinity. In 6K3, there were more genes with decreased expression than genes with increased expression, whereas such a difference was not found in 14P11. Most transcripts with decreased expression were shared between the two genotypes, whereas transcripts with increased expression were mostly regulated in a genotype-specific manner. The commonly decreased transcripts (71 genes) were functionally related to carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism and photosynthesis. These biological processes were consistent with the strong inhibition of photosynthesis, caused by salinity. The commonly increased transcripts (13 genes) were functionally related to primary metabolism and biosynthesis of proteins and macromolecules. The salinity-increased transcripts discriminated the molecular response of the two genotypes. In 14P11, the 21 genes specifically salinity-induced were related to stress response, cell development, cell death and catabolism. In 6K3, the 15 genes with salinity-increased expression were involved in protein biosynthesis, metabolism of macromolecules and cell organization and biogenesis. The difference in transcriptome response between the two genotypes could address the molecular basis of intra-specific variation of salinity tolerance in P. alba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isacco Beritognolo
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Chauhan H, Khurana P. Use of doubled haploid technology for development of stable drought tolerant bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) transgenics. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2011; 9:408-17. [PMID: 20723133 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2010.00561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Anther culture-derived haploid embryos were used as explants for Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv CPAN1676) using barley HVA1 gene for drought tolerance. Regenerated plantlets were checked for transgene integration in T₀ generation, and positive transgenic haploid plants were doubled by colchicine treatment. Stable transgenic doubled haploid plants were obtained, and transgene expression was monitored till T₄ generation, and no transgene silencing was observed over the generations. Doubled haploid transgenic plants have faster seed germination and seedling establishment and show better drought tolerance in comparison with nontransgenic, doubled haploid plants, as measured by per cent germination, seedling growth and biomass accumulation. Physiological evaluation for abiotic stress by assessing nitrate reductase enzyme activity and plant yield under post-anthesis water limitation revealed a better tolerance of the transgenics over the wild type. This is the first report on the production of double haploid transgenic wheat through anther culture technique in a commercial cultivar for a desirable trait. This method would also be useful in functional genomics of wheat and other allopolyploids of agronomic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Chauhan
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
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