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Hu Z, Zhang N, Qin Z, Li J, Yang N, Chen Y, Kong J, Luo W, Xiong A, Zhuang J. Differential Response of MYB Transcription Factor Gene Transcripts to Circadian Rhythm in Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:657. [PMID: 38203827 PMCID: PMC10780195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock refers to the formation of a certain rule in the long-term evolution of an organism, which is an invisible 'clock' in the body of an organism. As one of the largest TF families in higher plants, the MYB transcription factor is involved in plant growth and development. MYB is also inextricably correlated with the circadian rhythm. In this study, the transcriptome data of the tea plant 'Baiyeyihao' were measured at a photoperiod interval of 4 h (24 h). A total of 25,306 unigenes were obtained, including 14,615 unigenes that were annotated across 20 functional categories within the GO classification. Additionally, 10,443 single-gene clusters were annotated to 11 sublevels of metabolic pathways using KEGG. Based on the results of gene annotation and differential gene transcript analysis, 22 genes encoding MYB transcription factors were identified. The G10 group in the phylogenetic tree had 13 members, of which 5 were related to the circadian rhythm, accounting for 39%. The G1, G2, G8, G9, G15, G16, G18, G19, G20, G21 and G23 groups had no members associated with the circadian rhythm. Among the 22 differentially expressed MYB transcription factors, 3 members of LHY, RVE1 and RVE8 were core circadian rhythm genes belonging to the G10, G12 and G10 groups, respectively. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect and validate the expression of the gene transcripts encoding MYB transcription factors associated with the circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Hu
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Zhiyuan Qin
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Jinwen Li
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Ni Yang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Yi Chen
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Jieyu Kong
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Wei Luo
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Aisheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
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Liu Y, Xi W, Wang X, Li H, Liu H, Li T, Hou J, Liu X, Hao C, Zhang X. TabHLH95-TaNF-YB1 module promotes grain starch synthesis in bread wheat. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:883-894. [PMID: 37062449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Starch is the most abundant substance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) endosperm and provides the major carbohydrate energy for human daily life. Starch synthesis-related (SSR) genes are believed to be spatiotemporally specific, but their transcriptional regulation remains unclear in wheat. Here, we investigate the role of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor TabHLH95 in starch synthesis. TabHLH95 is preferentially expressed in the developing grains in wheat and encodes a nucleus localized protein without autoactivation activity. The Tabhlh95 knockout mutants display smaller grain size and less starch content than wild type, whereas overexpression of TabHLH95 enhances starch accumulation and significantly improves thousand grain weight. Transcriptome analysis reveals that the expression of multiple SSR genes is significantly reduced in the Tabhlh95 mutants. TabHLH95 binds to the promoters of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit 1 (AGPL1-1D/-1B), AGPL2-5D, and isoamylase (ISA1-7D) and enhances their transcription. Intriguingly, TabHLH95 interacts with the nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) family transcription factor TaNF-YB1, thereby synergistically regulating starch synthesis. These results suggest that the TabHLH95-TaNF-YB1 complex positively modulates starch synthesis and grain weight by regulating the expression of a subset of SSR genes, thus providing a good potential approach for genetic improvement of grain productivity in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Xi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science (Gansu Agricultural University)/Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement & Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China; College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tian Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Chenyang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xueyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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3
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Tiozon RJN, Fettke J, Sreenivasulu N, Fernie AR. More than the main structural genes: Regulation of resistant starch formation in rice endosperm and its potential application. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 285:153980. [PMID: 37086697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.153980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, research on resistant starch has evoked interest due to the prevention and inhibition of chronic human diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, and obesity. Increasing the amylose content (AC) and resistant starch (RS) has been pivotal in improving the nutritional benefit of rice. However, the exact mechanism of RS formation is complex due to interconnected genetic factors regulating amylose-amylopectin variation. In this review, we discussed the regulatory factors influencing the RS formation centered on the transcription, post-transcriptional, and post-translational processes. Furthermore, we described the developments in RS and AC levels in rice compared with other high RS cereals. Briefly, we enumerated potential applications of high RS mutants in health, medical, and other industries. We contest that the information captured herein can be deployed for marker-assisted breeding and precision breeding techniques through genome editing to improve rice varieties with enhanced RS content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhowell Jr N Tiozon
- Consumer Driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Unit, Rice Breeding and Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, 4030, Philippines; Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Joerg Fettke
- Biopolymer Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Consumer Driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Unit, Rice Breeding and Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, 4030, Philippines
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Fang ZT, Kapoor R, Datta A, Liu S, Stull MA, Seitz PG, Johnson CD, Okumoto S. Transcriptome Analysis of Developing Grains from Wheat Cultivars TAM 111 and TAM 112 Reveal Cultivar-Specific Regulatory Networks. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012660. [PMID: 36293517 PMCID: PMC9604430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat flour's end-use quality is tightly linked to the quantity and composition of storage proteins in the endosperm. TAM 111 and TAM 112 are two popular cultivars grown in the Southern US Great Plains with significantly different protein content. To investigate regulatory differences, transcriptome data were analyzed from developing grains at early- and mid-filling stages. At the mid-filling stage, TAM 111 preferentially upregulated starch metabolism-related pathways compared to TAM 112, whereas amino acid metabolism and transporter-related pathways were over-represented in TAM 112. Elemental analyses also indicated a higher N percentage in TAM 112 at the mid-filling stage. To explore the regulatory variation, weighted correlation gene network was constructed from publicly available RNAseq datasets to identify the modules differentially regulated in TAM 111 and TAM 112. Further, the potential transcription factors (TFs) regulating those modules were identified using graphical least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (GLASSO). Homologs of the OsNF-Y family members with known starch metabolism-related functions showed higher connectivities in TAM 111. Multiple TFs with high connectivity in TAM 112 had predicted functions associated with ABA response in grain. These results will provide novel targets for breeders to explore and further our understanding in mechanisms regulating grain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Tian Fang
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Rajan Kapoor
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Aniruddha Datta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, 6500 Amarillo Blvd W, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Matthew A. Stull
- Texas A&M AgriLife Genomics and Bioinformatics Service, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Paige G. Seitz
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Charles D. Johnson
- Texas A&M AgriLife Genomics and Bioinformatics Service, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Sakiko Okumoto
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Correspondence:
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5
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Screening of Induced Mutants Led to the Identification of Starch Biosynthetic Genes Associated with Improved Resistant Starch in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810741. [PMID: 36142653 PMCID: PMC9502818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several health benefits are obtained from resistant starch, also known as healthy starch. Enhancing resistant starch with genetic modification has huge commercial importance. The variation of resistant starch content is narrow in wheat, in relation to which limited improvement has been attained. Hence, there is a need to produce a wheat population that has a wide range of variations in resistant starch content. In the present study, stable mutants were screened that showed significant variation in the resistant starch content. A megazyme kit was used for measuring the resistant starch content, digestible starch, and total starch. The analysis of variance showed a significant difference in the mutant population for resistant starch. Furthermore, four diverse mutant lines for resistant starch content were used to study the quantitative expression patterns of 21 starch metabolic pathway genes; and to evaluate the candidate genes for resistant starch biosynthesis. The expression pattern of 21 starch metabolic pathway genes in two diverse mutant lines showed a higher expression of key genes regulating resistant starch biosynthesis (GBSSI and their isoforms) in the high resistant starch mutant lines, in comparison to the parent variety (J411). The expression of SBEs genes was higher in the low resistant starch mutants. The other three candidate genes showed overexpression (BMY, Pho1, Pho2) and four had reduced (SSIII, SBEI, SBEIII, ISA3) expression in high resistant starch mutants. The overexpression of AMY and ISA1 in the high resistant starch mutant line JE0146 may be due to missense mutations in these genes. Similarly, there was a stop_gained mutation for PHO2; it also showed overexpression. In addition, the gene expression analysis of 21 starch metabolizing genes in four different mutants (low and high resistant starch mutants) shows that in addition to the important genes, several other genes (phosphorylase, isoamylases) may be involved and contribute to the biosynthesis of resistant starch. There is a need to do further study about these new genes, which are responsible for the fluctuation of resistant starch in the mutants.
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6
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Fei X, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Shen X, E L, Ding J, Lai J, Song W, Zhao H. Identification of two new QTLs of maize (Zea mays L.) underlying kernel row number using the HNAU-NAM1 population. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:593. [PMID: 35971070 PMCID: PMC9380338 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maize kernel row number (KRN) is one of the most important yield traits and has changed greatly during maize domestication and selection. Elucidating the genetic basis of KRN will be helpful to improve grain yield in maize. RESULTS Here, we measured KRN in four environments using a nested association mapping (NAM) population named HNAU-NAM1 with 1,617 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) that were derived from 12 maize inbred lines with a common parent, GEMS41. Then, five consensus quantitative trait loci (QTLs) distributing on four chromosomes were identified in at least three environments along with the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) values by the joint linkage mapping (JLM) method. These QTLs were further validated by the separate linkage mapping (SLM) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) methods. Three KRN genes cloned through the QTL assay were found in three of the five consensus QTLs, including qKRN1.1, qKRN2.1 and qKRN4.1. Two new QTLs of KRN, qKRN4.2 and qKRN9.1, were also identified. On the basis of public RNA-seq and genome annotation data, five genes highly expressed in ear tissue were considered candidate genes contributing to KRN. CONCLUSIONS This study carried out a comprehensive analysis of the genetic architecture of KRN by using a new NAM population under multiple environments. The present results provide solid information for understanding the genetic components underlying KRN and candidate genes in qKRN4.2 and qKRN9.1. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) closely linked to qKRN4.2 and qKRN9.1 could be used to improve inbred yield during molecular breeding in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.,Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.,Longping Agriculture Science Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.,Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.,Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.,Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhu E
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.,Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.,Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haiming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Waseem M, Nkurikiyimfura O, Niyitanga S, Jakada BH, Shaheen I, Aslam MM. GRAS transcription factors emerging regulator in plants growth, development, and multiple stresses. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9673-9685. [PMID: 35713799 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07425-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
GRAS transcription factors play multifunctional roles in plant growth, development, and resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The structural and functional features of GRAS TFs have been unveiled in the last two decades. A typical GRAS protein contained a C-terminal GRAS domain with a highly variable N-terminal region. Studies on these TFs increase in numbers and are reported to be involved in various important developmental processes such as flowering, root formation, and stress responses. The GRAS TFs and hormone signaling crosstalk can be implicated in plant development and to stress responses. There are relatively few reports about GRAS TFs roles in plants, and no related reviews have been published. In this review, we summarized the features of GRAS TFs, their targets, and the roles these GRAS TFs playing in plant development and multiple stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waseem
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan. .,College of Life Science, Hainan University, Hainan, P.R. China.
| | - Oswald Nkurikiyimfura
- Key Lab for Bio-Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Sylvain Niyitanga
- Department of Plant Pathology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bello Hassan Jakada
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Iffat Shaheen
- Faculty of Agriculture Science and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Yang T, Wang H, Guo L, Wu X, Xiao Q, Wang J, Wang Q, Ma G, Wang W, Wu Y. ABA-induced phosphorylation of basic leucine zipper 29, ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 19, and Opaque2 by SnRK2.2 enhances gene transactivation for endosperm filling in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1933-1956. [PMID: 35157077 PMCID: PMC9048887 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Opaque2 (O2) functions as a central regulator of the synthesis of starch and storage proteins and the O2 gene is transcriptionally regulated by a hub coordinator of seed development and grain filling, ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 19 (ZmABI19), in maize (Zea mays). Here, we identified a second hub coordinator, basic Leucine Zipper 29 (ZmbZIP29) that interacts with ZmABI19 to regulate O2 expression. Like zmabi19, zmbzip29 mutations resulted in a dramatic decrease of transcript and protein levels of O2 and thus a significant reduction of starch and storage proteins. zmbzip29 seeds developed slower and had a smaller size at maturity than those of the wild type. The zmbzip29;zmabi19 double mutant displayed more severe seed phenotypes and a greater reduction of storage reserves compared to the single mutants, whereas overexpression of the two transcription factors enhanced O2 expression, storage-reserve accumulation, and kernel weight. ZmbZIP29, ZmABI19, and O2 expression was induced by abscisic acid (ABA). With ABA treatment, ZmbZIP29 and ZmABI19 synergistically transactivated the O2 promoter. Through liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry analysis, we established that the residues threonine(T) 57 in ZmABI19, T75 in ZmbZIP29, and T387 in O2 were phosphorylated, and that SnRK2.2 was responsible for the phosphorylation. The ABA-induced phosphorylation at these sites was essential for maximum transactivation of downstream target genes for endosperm filling in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haonan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liangxing Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingguo Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qiao Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiechen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guangjin Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenqin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200233, China
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Li R, Zheng W, Jiang M, Zhang H. A review of starch biosynthesis in cereal crops and its potential breeding applications in rice ( Oryza Sativa L.). PeerJ 2022; 9:e12678. [PMID: 35036154 PMCID: PMC8710062 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch provides primary storage of carbohydrates, accounting for approximately 85% of the dry weight of cereal endosperm. Cereal seeds contribute to maximum annual starch production and provide the primary food for humans and livestock worldwide. However, the growing demand for starch in food and industry and the increasing loss of arable land with urbanization emphasizes the urgency to understand starch biosynthesis and its regulation. Here, we first summarized the regulatory signaling pathways about leaf starch biosynthesis. Subsequently, we paid more attention to how transcriptional factors (TFs) systematically respond to various stimulants via the regulation of the enzymes during starch biosynthesis. Finally, some strategies to improve cereal yield and quality were put forward based on the previous reports. This review would collectively help to design future studies on starch biosynthesis in cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China.,College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenyin Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Li R, Tan Y, Zhang H. Regulators of Starch Biosynthesis in Cereal Crops. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237092. [PMID: 34885674 PMCID: PMC8659000 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Starch is the main food source for human beings and livestock all over the world, and it is also the raw material for production of industrial alcohol and biofuel. A considerable part of the world’s annual starch production comes from crops and their seeds. With the increasing demand for starch from food and non-food industries and the growing loss of arable land due to urbanization, understanding starch biosynthesis and its regulators is essential to produce the desirable traits as well as more and better polymers via biotechnological approaches in cereal crops. Because of the complexity and flexibility of carbon allocation in the formation of endosperm starch, cereal crops require a broad range of enzymes and one matching network of regulators to control the providential functioning of these starch biosynthetic enzymes. Here, we comprehensively summarize the current knowledge about regulatory factors of starch biosynthesis in cereal crops, with an emphasis on the transcription factors that directly regulate starch biosynthesis. This review will provide new insights for the manipulation of bioengineering and starch biosynthesis to improve starch yields or qualities in our diets and in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310029, China;
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China;
| | - Huali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310029, China;
- Correspondence:
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11
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Wang X, Li G, Sun Y, Qin Z, Feng P. Genome-wide analysis and characterization of GRAS family in switchgrass. Bioengineered 2021; 12:6096-6114. [PMID: 34477486 PMCID: PMC8806906 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1972606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Panicum virgatum, a model plant of cellulosic ethanol conversion, not only has high large biomass and strong adaptability to soil, but also grows well in marginal soil and has the advantage of improving saline-alkali soil. GRAS transcription factor gene family play important roles in individual environment adaption, and these vital functions has been proved in several plants, however, the research of GRAS in the development of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) were limited. A comprehensive study was investigated to explore the relationship between GRAS gene family and resistance. According to the phylogenetic analysis, a total of 144 GRAS genes were identified and renamed which were classified into eight subfamilies. Chromosome distribution, tandem and segmental repeats analysis indicated that gene duplication events contributed a lot to the expansion of GRAS genes in the switchgrass genome. Sixty-six GRAS genes in switchgrass were identified as having orthologous genes with rice through gene duplication analysis. Most of these GRAS genes contained zero or one intron, and closely related genes in evolution shared similar motif composition. Interaction networks were analyzed including DELLA and ten interaction proteins that were primarily involved in gibberellin acid mediated signaling. Notably, online analysis indicated that the promoter regions of the identified PvGRAS genes contained many cis-elements including light responsive elements, suggesting that PvGRAS might involve in light signal cross-talking. This work provides key insights into resistance and bioavailability in switchgrass and would be helpful to further study the function of GRAS and GRAS-mediated signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Guixia Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Yajing Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongyu Qin
- Department of Basic Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Pengcheng Feng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
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12
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Yang C, Marillonnet S, Tissier A. The scarecrow-like transcription factor SlSCL3 regulates volatile terpene biosynthesis and glandular trichome size in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1102-1118. [PMID: 34143914 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) type VI glandular trichomes that occur on the surface of leaves, stems, young fruits and flowers produce and store a blend of volatile monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. These compounds play important roles in the interaction with pathogens and herbivorous insects. Although the function of terpene synthases in the biosynthesis of volatile terpenes in tomato has been comprehensively investigated, the deciphering of their transcriptional regulation is only just emerging. We selected transcription factors that are over-expressed in trichomes based on existing transcriptome data and silenced them individually by virus-induced gene silencing. Of these, SlSCL3, a scarecrow-like (SCL) subfamily transcription factor, led to a significant decrease in volatile terpene content and expression of the corresponding terpene synthase genes when its transcription level was downregulated. Overexpression of SlSCL3 dramatically increased both the volatile terpene content and glandular trichome size, whereas its homozygous mutants showed reduced terpene biosynthesis. However, its heterozygous mutants also showed a significantly elevated volatile terpene content and enlarged glandular trichomes, similar to the overexpression plants. SlSCL3 modulates the expression of terpene biosynthetic pathway genes by transcriptional activation, but neither direct protein-DNA binding nor interaction with known regulators was observed. Moreover, transcript levels of the endogenous copy of SlSCL3 were decreased in the overexpression plants but increased in the heterozygous and homozygous mutants, suggesting feedback repression of its own promoter. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the role of SlSCL3 in the complex regulation of volatile terpene biosynthesis and glandular trichome development in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Yang
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Sylvestre Marillonnet
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Alain Tissier
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
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13
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Peng X, Wang Q, Wang Y, Cheng B, Zhao Y, Zhu S. A maize NAC transcription factor, ZmNAC34, negatively regulates starch synthesis in rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:1473-1484. [PMID: 31440809 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
ZmNAC34 might function as an important regulator of starch synthesis by decreasing total starch accumulation and soluble sugar content and increasing amylose fractions. Starch is a major component in endosperm and directly influences seed yield and the cooking quality of cereal grains. Starch is synthesized through a series of complex biological processes. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which starch biosynthesis is regulated in maize is still unclear. In this study, ZmNAC34, a NAC transcription factor related to starch synthesis, was screened based on transcriptome sequencing data. Subsequent qRT-PCR analysis showed that ZmNAC34 is specifically expressed in maize endosperm. Transactivation and subcellular localization assays revealed that ZmNAC34 possesses two characteristics of transcription factors: nuclear localization and transactivation activity. Overexpression of ZmNAC34 in rice decreased total starch accumulation and soluble sugar content, while increased amylose fractions. Meanwhile, the transgenic seeds exhibited alterant starch structure and abnormal morphology. In addition, compared with WT seeds, most of the 17 starch biosynthesis-related genes were significantly upregulated in transgenic seeds from 6 to 15 DAP (day after pollination). These data reveal that ZmNAC34 might function as an important regulator of starch synthesis, thus providing a new perspective on controlling seed yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Institute of Horticulture of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Beijiu Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Suwen Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Filyushin MA, Dyachenko EA, Khatefov EB, Shchennikova AV, Kochieva EZ, Skryabin KG. INVINH1 Gene Alleliс Polymorphism in Maize Accessions from VIR Collection. RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419110048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Qu J, Xu S, Tian X, Li T, Wang L, Zhong Y, Xue J, Guo D. Comparative transcriptomics reveals the difference in early endosperm development between maize with different amylose contents. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7528. [PMID: 31523504 PMCID: PMC6717500 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In seeds, the endosperm is a crucial organ that plays vital roles in supporting embryo development and determining seed weight and quality. Starch is the predominant storage carbohydrate of the endosperm and accounts for ∼70% of the mature maize kernel weight. Nonetheless, because starch biosynthesis is a complex process that is orchestrated by multiple enzymes, the gene regulatory networks of starch biosynthesis, particularly amylose and amylopectin biosynthesis, have not been fully elucidated. Here, through high-throughput RNA sequencing, we developed a temporal transcriptome atlas of the endosperms of high-amylose maize and common maize at 5-, 10-, 15- and 20-day after pollination and found that 21,986 genes are involved in the programming of the high-amylose and common maize endosperm. A coexpression analysis identified multiple sequentially expressed gene sets that are closely correlated with cellular and metabolic programmes and provided valuable insight into the dynamic reprogramming of the transcriptome in common and high-amylose maize. In addition, a number of genes and transcription factors were found to be strongly linked to starch synthesis, which might help elucidate the key mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying amylose and amylopectin biosynthesis. This study will aid the understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns and genetic regulation of endosperm development in different types of maize and provide valuable genetic information for the breeding of starch varieties with different contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhou Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shutu Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaokang Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Licheng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuyue Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiquan Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongwei Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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16
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Yi F, Gu W, Chen J, Song N, Gao X, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Ma X, Song W, Zhao H, Esteban E, Pasha A, Provart NJ, Lai J. High Temporal-Resolution Transcriptome Landscape of Early Maize Seed Development. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:974-992. [PMID: 30914497 PMCID: PMC6533015 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The early maize (Zea mays) seed undergoes several developmental stages after double fertilization to become fully differentiated within a short period of time, but the genetic control of this highly dynamic and complex developmental process remains largely unknown. Here, we report a high temporal-resolution investigation of transcriptomes using 31 samples collected at an interval of 4 or 6 h within the first six days of seed development. These time-course transcriptomes were clearly separated into four distinct groups corresponding to the stages of double fertilization, coenocyte formation, cellularization, and differentiation. A total of 22,790 expressed genes including 1415 transcription factors (TFs) were detected in early stages of maize seed development. In particular, 1093 genes including 110 TFs were specifically expressed in the seed and displayed high temporal specificity by expressing only in particular period of early seed development. There were 160, 22, 112, and 569 seed-specific genes predominantly expressed in the first 16 h after pollination, coenocyte formation, cellularization, and differentiation stage, respectively. In addition, network analysis predicted 31,256 interactions among 1317 TFs and 14,540 genes. The high temporal-resolution transcriptome atlas reported here provides an important resource for future functional study to unravel the genetic control of seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- China Specialty Maize Research Center (CIMMYT), Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ning Song
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingsi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuxu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haiming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Eddi Esteban
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Asher Pasha
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Provart
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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17
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Zha K, Xie H, Ge M, Wang Z, Wang Y, Si W, Gu L. Expression of Maize MADS Transcription Factor ZmES22 Negatively Modulates Starch Accumulation in Rice Endosperm. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030483. [PMID: 30678069 PMCID: PMC6387075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As major component in cereals grains, starch has been one of the most important carbohydrate consumed by a majority of world’s population. However, the molecular mechanism for regulation of biosynthesis of starch remains elusive. In the present study, ZmES22, encoding a MADS-type transcription factor, was modestly characterized from maize inbred line B73. ZmES22 exhibited high expression level in endosperm at 10 days after pollination (DAP) and peaked in endosperm at 20 DAP, indicating that ZmES22 was preferentially expressed in maize endosperm during active starch synthesis. Transient expression of ZmES22 in tobacco leaf revealed that ZmES22 protein located in nucleus. No transactivation activity could be detected for ZmES22 protein via yeast one-hybrid assay. Transformation of overexpressing plasmid 35S::ZmES22 into rice remarkedly reduced 1000-grain weight as well as the total starch content, while the soluble sugar was significantly higher in transgenic rice lines. Moreover, overexpressing ZmES22 reduced fractions of long branched starch. Scanning electron microscopy images of transverse sections of rice grains revealed that altered expression of ZmES22 also changed the morphology of starch granule from densely packed, polyhedral starch granules into loosely packed, spherical granules with larger spaces. Furthermore, RNA-seq results indicated that overexpressing ZmES22 could significantly influence mRNA expression levels of numerous key regulatory genes in starch synthesis pathway. Y1H assay illustrated that ZmES22 protein could bind to the promoter region of OsGIF1 and downregulate its mRNA expression during rice grain filling stages. These findings suggest that ZmES22 was a novel regulator during starch synthesis process in rice endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyong Zha
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Haoxun Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Min Ge
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Zimeng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Weina Si
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Longjiang Gu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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