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Pipiya VV, Gilazieva ZE, Issa SS, Rizvanov AA, Solovyeva VV. Comparison of primary and passaged tumor cell cultures and their application in personalized medicine. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:581-599. [PMID: 38966179 PMCID: PMC11220317 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Passaged cell lines represent currently an integral component in various studies of malignant neoplasms. These cell lines are utilized for drug screening both in monolayer cultures or as part of three-dimensional (3D) tumor models. They can also be used to model the tumor microenvironment in vitro and in vivo through xenotransplantation into immunocompromised animals. However, immortalized cell lines have some limitations of their own. The homogeneity of cell line populations and the extensive passaging in monolayer systems make these models distant from the original disease. Recently, there has been a growing interest among scientists in the use of primary cell lines, as these are passaged directly from human tumor tissues. In this case, cells retain the morphological and functional characteristics of the tissue from which they were derived, an advantage often not observed in passaged cultures. This review highlights the advantages and limitations of passaged and primary cell cultures, their similarities and differences, as well as existing test systems that are based on primary and passaged cell cultures for drug screening purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislava V. Pipiya
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Zarema E. Gilazieva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Shaza S. Issa
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Division of Medical and Biological Sciences, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Valeriya V. Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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Krishnamohan M, Kaplanov I, Maudi-Boker S, Yousef M, Machluf-Katz N, Cohen I, Elkabets M, Titus J, Bersudsky M, Apte RN, Voronov E, Braiman A. Tumor Cell-Associated IL-1α Affects Breast Cancer Progression and Metastasis in Mice through Manipulation of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3950. [PMID: 38612760 PMCID: PMC11011794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-1α is a dual function cytokine that affects inflammatory and immune responses and plays a pivotal role in cancer. The effects of intracellular IL-1α on the development of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) in mice were assessed using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to suppress IL-1α expression in 4T1 breast cancer cells. Knockout of IL-1α in 4T1 cells modified expression of multiple genes, including downregulation of cytokines and chemokines involved in the recruitment of tumor-associated pro-inflammatory cells. Orthotopical injection of IL-1α knockout (KO) 4T1 cells into BALB/c mice led to a significant decrease in local tumor growth and lung metastases, compared to injection of wild-type 4T1 (4T1/WT) cells. Neutrophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells were abundant in tumors developing after injection of 4T1/WT cells, whereas more antigen-presenting cells were observed in the tumor microenvironment after injection of IL-1α KO 4T1 cells. This switch correlated with increased infiltration of CD3+CD8+ and NKp46+cells. Engraftment of IL-1α knockout 4T1 cells into immunodeficient NOD.SCID mice resulted in more rapid tumor growth, with increased lung metastasis in comparison to engraftment of 4T1/WT cells. Our results suggest that tumor-associated IL-1α is involved in TNBC progression in mice by modulating the interplay between immunosuppressive pro-inflammatory cells vs. antigen-presenting and cytotoxic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathumathi Krishnamohan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Irena Kaplanov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Sapir Maudi-Boker
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Muhammad Yousef
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Noy Machluf-Katz
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Idan Cohen
- Cancer Center, Emek Medical Center, Afula 18101, Israel;
| | - Moshe Elkabets
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Jaison Titus
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Marina Bersudsky
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Ron N. Apte
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Elena Voronov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Alex Braiman
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
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Du Y, Yang C, Xu P. Photodynamic therapy with 20% aminolevulinic acid administered externally in the treatment of oral leukoplakia. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2023; 39:282-284. [PMID: 35950679 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiu Du
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Hainan Provincial Stomatology Centre, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Chenxi Yang
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Hainan Provincial Stomatology Centre, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Pu Xu
- Department of Oral Implantation, Hainan Provincial Stomatology Centre, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Haikou, China
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Saha B, Vannucci L, Saha B, Tenti P, Baral R. Evolvability and emergence of tumor heterogeneity as a space-time function. Cytokine 2023; 161:156061. [PMID: 36252436 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The loss of control of cell proliferation, apoptosis regulation and contact inhibition leads to tumor development. While benign tumors are restricted to their primary space, i.e. where these tumors first originate, the metastatic tumors not only disseminate- facilitated by hypoxia-driven neovascularization- to distant secondary sites but also show substantial changes in metabolism, tissue architectures, gene expression profiles and immune phenotypes. All these alterations result in radio-, chemo- and immune-resistance rendering these metastatic tumor cells refractory to therapy. Since the beginning of the transformation, these factors- which influence each other- are incorporated to the developing and metastasizing tumor. As a result, the complexities in the heterogeneity of tumor progressively increase. This space-time function in the heterogeneity of tumors is generated by various conditions and factors at the genetic as well as microenvironmental levels, for example, endogenous retroviruses, methylation and epigenetic dysregulation that may be etiology-specific, cancer associated inflammation, remodeling of the extracellular matrix and mesenchymal cell shifted functions. On the one hand, these factors may cause de-differentiation of the tumor cells leading to cancer stem cells that contribute to radio-, chemo- and immune-resistance and recurrence of tumors. On the other hand, they may also enhance the heterogeneity under specific microenvironment-driven proliferation. In this editorial, we intend to underline the importance of heterogeneity in cancer progress, its evaluation and its use in correlation with the tumor evolution in a specific patient as a field of research for achieving precise patient-tailored treatments and amelioration of diagnostic (monitoring) tools and prognostic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
| | - Luca Vannucci
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Praha, Czech Republic.
| | - Baibaswata Saha
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Paolo Tenti
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Rathindranath Baral
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Shyamaprasad Mukherjee Road, Calcutta 700026, India.
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Baldari S, Di Modugno F, Nisticò P, Toietta G. Strategies for Efficient Targeting of Tumor Collagen for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194706. [PMID: 36230627 PMCID: PMC9563908 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tumor microenvironment encompasses the cellular and extracellular matrix components that support and shape the three-dimensional framework in which solid tumors develop and grow. The extracellular matrix of the tumor is characterized by increased deposition and aberrant architecture of collagen fibers. Therefore, as a key mechanical component of the tumor microenvironment, collagen plays a critical role in cancer progression, metastasis, and therapeutic response. To boost the efficacy of current anticancer therapies, including immunotherapy, innovative approaches should take into account strategies directed against the dysregulated non-cancer cell stromal components. In the current review, we provide an overview of the principal approaches to target tumor collagen to provide therapeutic benefits. Abstract The tumor stroma, which comprises stromal cells and non-cellular elements, is a critical component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The dynamic interactions between the tumor cells and the stroma may promote tumor progression and metastasis and dictate resistance to established cancer therapies. Therefore, novel antitumor approaches should combine anticancer and anti-stroma strategies targeting dysregulated tumor extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM remodeling is a hallmark of solid tumors, leading to extensive biochemical and biomechanical changes, affecting cell signaling and tumor tissue three-dimensional architecture. Increased deposition of fibrillar collagen is the most distinctive alteration of the tumor ECM. Consequently, several anticancer therapeutic strategies have been developed to reduce excessive tumor collagen deposition. Herein, we provide an overview of the current advances and challenges of the main approaches aiming at tumor collagen normalization, which include targeted anticancer drug delivery, promotion of degradation, modulation of structure and biosynthesis of collagen, and targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts, which are the major extracellular matrix producers.
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LOX and Its Methylation Impact Prognosis of Diseases and Correlate with TAM Infiltration in ESCA. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5111237. [PMID: 36090891 PMCID: PMC9452977 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5111237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background ESCA is one of the digestive tract tumors with a high fatality. It is implicated in an intricate gene regulation process, but the pathogenesis remains ambiguous. Methods The study used the packages of Limma from R software to analyze DEGs of ESCA in the GEO database and TCGA database. We employed the DAVID website for enrichment analysis, and the string database constructed the PPI network. Hub genes were identified from ESCA DEGs with Cytoscape MCODE. We evaluated the clinical relevance of LOX expression and its DNA methylation in the cBioPortal database and explored the roles of LOX in ESCA immunity, especially immune cell infiltration levels and immune checkpoint expression, by immunedeconv package of R software. Conclusions The overexpression of LOX in ESCA is regulated by DNA hypomethylation; LOX overexpression or LOX hypomethylation can predict a worse prognosis in patients with ESCA. Besides, LOX may be involved in TIME regulation, promoting the infiltration levels and function of TAM. Hence, high LOX expression affected by DNA hypomethylation has an essential role in patients with ESCA, which may become an effective prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
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Nel AE, Mei KC, Liao YP, Lu X. Multifunctional Lipid Bilayer Nanocarriers for Cancer Immunotherapy in Heterogeneous Tumor Microenvironments, Combining Immunogenic Cell Death Stimuli with Immune Modulatory Drugs. ACS NANO 2022; 16:5184-5232. [PMID: 35348320 PMCID: PMC9519818 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the contribution of cancer cells, the solid tumor microenvironment (TME) has a critical role in determining tumor expansion, antitumor immunity, and the response to immunotherapy. Understanding the details of the complex interplay between cancer cells and components of the TME provides an unprecedented opportunity to explore combination therapy for intervening in the immune landscape to improve immunotherapy outcome. One approach is the introduction of multifunctional nanocarriers, capable of delivering drug combinations that provide immunogenic stimuli for improvement of tumor antigen presentation, contemporaneous with the delivery of coformulated drug or synthetic molecules that provide immune danger signals or interfere in immune-escape, immune-suppressive, and T-cell exclusion pathways. This forward-looking review will discuss the use of lipid-bilayer-encapsulated liposomes and mesoporous silica nanoparticles for combination immunotherapy of the heterogeneous immune landscapes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and triple-negative breast cancer. We describe how the combination of remote drug loading and lipid bilayer encapsulation is used for the synthesis of synergistic drug combinations that induce immunogenic cell death, interfere in the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, inhibit the indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1) immune metabolic pathway, restore spatial access to activated T-cells to the cancer site, or reduce the impact of immunosuppressive stromal components. We show how an integration of current knowledge and future discovery can be used for a rational approach to nanoenabled cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- André E. Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Correspondence should be addressed to: André E. Nel, Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 52-175 CHS, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. Phone: 310.825.6620;
| | - Kuo-Ching Mei
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiangsheng Lu
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Bernardes SS, Pinto MCX, Amorim JH, Azevedo VADC, Resende RR, Mintz A, Birbrair A. Glioma Pericytes Promote Angiogenesis by Producing Periostin. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 42:557-564. [PMID: 33010018 PMCID: PMC8018985 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the prevalent aggressive primary brain tumor, with a very poor prognosis. The absence of advanced understanding of the roles played by the cells within the glioma microenvironment limits the development of effective drugs. A recent study indicates that periostin expressed by pericytes is crucial for glioma angiogenesis. Here, we describe succinctly the results and implications of this discovery in what we know about pericytes within the glioma microenvironment. The emerging knowledge from this work will benefit the development of therapies for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Santos Bernardes
- Tissue Microenvironment Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro Cunha Xavier Pinto
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Neurochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Jaime Henrique Amorim
- Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of West Bahia, Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo
- Cellular and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ribeiro Resende
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Tissue Microenvironment Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Mehraj U, Ganai RA, Macha MA, Hamid A, Zargar MA, Bhat AA, Nasser MW, Haris M, Batra SK, Alshehri B, Al-Baradie RS, Mir MA, Wani NA. The tumor microenvironment as driver of stemness and therapeutic resistance in breast cancer: New challenges and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:1209-1229. [PMID: 34528143 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC), the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths, remains a significant threat to the health and wellness of women worldwide. The tumor microenvironment (TME), comprising cellular components, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune cells, endothelial cells and adipocytes, and noncellular components such as extracellular matrix (ECM), has been recognized as a critical contributor to the development and progression of BC. The interplay between TME components and cancer cells promotes phenotypic heterogeneity, cell plasticity and cancer cell stemness that impart tumor dormancy, enhanced invasion and metastasis, and the development of therapeutic resistance. While most previous studies have focused on targeting cancer cells with a dismal prognosis, novel therapies targeting stromal components are currently being evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies, and are already showing improved efficacies. As such, they may offer better means to eliminate the disease effectively. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we focus on the evolving concept of the TME as a key player regulating tumor growth, metastasis, stemness, and the development of therapeutic resistance. Despite significant advances over the last decade, several clinical trials focusing on the TME have failed to demonstrate promising effectiveness in cancer patients. To expedite clinical efficacy of TME-directed therapies, a deeper understanding of the TME is of utmost importance. Secondly, the efficacy of TME-directed therapies when used alone or in combination with chemo- or radiotherapy, and the tumor stage needs to be studied. Likewise, identifying molecular signatures and biomarkers indicating the type of TME will help in determining precise TME-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Mehraj
- Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Rais A Ganai
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science & Technology , Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science & Technology , Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Abid Hamid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, J&K, India
| | - Mohammed A Zargar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, J&K, India
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Laboratory of Animal Research, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.,Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bader Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Almajmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Raid Saleem Al-Baradie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Almajmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzoor A Mir
- Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
| | - Nissar Ahmad Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, J&K, India.
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Ozkan E, Bakar-Ates F. The Trinity of Matrix Metalloproteinases, Inflammation, and Cancer: A Literature Review of Recent Updates. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2021; 19:206-221. [PMID: 32178620 PMCID: PMC7499348 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666191023141807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The critical link between cancer and inflammation has been known for many years. This complex network was further complexed by revealing the association of the matrix metalloproteinase family members with inflammatory cytokines, which were previously known to be responsible for the development of metastasis. This article summarizes the current studies which evaluate the relationship between cancer and inflammatory microenvironment as well as the roles of MMPs on invasion and metastasis together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erva Ozkan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Bakar-Ates
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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IL17A critically shapes the transcriptional program of fibroblasts in pancreatic cancer and switches on their protumorigenic functions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2020395118. [PMID: 33526692 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020395118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of cancer, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), is a massive stromal and inflammatory reaction. Many efforts have been made to identify the anti- or protumoral role of cytokines and immune subpopulations within the stroma. Here, we investigated the role of interleukin-17A (IL17A) and its effect on tumor fibroblasts and the tumor microenvironment. We used a spontaneous PDA mouse model (KPC) crossed to IL17A knockout mice to show an extensive desmoplastic reaction, without impaired immune infiltration. Macrophages, especially CD80+ and T cells, were more abundant at the earlier time point. In T cells, a decrease in FoxP3+ cells and an increase in CD8+ T cells were observed in KPC/IL17A-/- mice. Fibroblasts isolated from IL17A+/+ and IL17A-/- KPC mice revealed very different messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein profiles. IL17A-/- fibroblasts displayed the ability to restrain tumor cell invasion by producing factors involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, increasing T cell recruitment, and producing higher levels of cytokines and chemokines favoring T helper 1 cell recruitment and activation and lower levels of those recruiting myeloid/granulocytic immune cells. Single-cell quantitative PCR on isolated fibroblasts confirmed a very divergent profile of IL17A-proficient and -deficient cells. All these features can be ascribed to increased levels of IL17F observed in the sera of IL17A-/- mice, and to the higher expression of its cognate receptor (IL17RC) specifically in IL17A-/- cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). In addition to the known effects on neoplastic cell transformation, the IL17 cytokine family uniquely affects fibroblasts, representing a suitable candidate target for combinatorial immune-based therapies in PDA.
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Local Immune Changes in Early Stages of Inflammation and Carcinogenesis Correlate with the Collagen Scaffold Changes of the Colon Mucosa. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102463. [PMID: 34070183 PMCID: PMC8158480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chronic colitis and colon cancer develop for alteration of the mucosa homeostatic regulation, also involving TGF-β1. Dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colorectal carcinogenesis animal models allow for the investigation of the pathological evolution steps. Since chronic inflammation is a common factor, we aimed to explore in rat models the colon mucosa immunological and structural conditions at one month after the end of the inductions, a transition period between acute effects and established lesions. We found, in comparison to healthy controls, downregulation of inflammatory cytokines (except IL-6) and of TGF-β1. At the same time, the collagen scaffold was significantly remodelled in both groups. We conclude that the pro-inflammatory cytokines, in front of a downregulated TGF-β1, sustained a smouldering inflammation with structural changes preparing the niche of both pathologies (ulcerative colitis with fibrosis; tumour). The collagen scaffold changes pointing to an unnoticed inflammation may be suggested as a possible pre-neoplastic condition marker. Abstract Continuous activation of the immune system inside a tissue can lead to remodelling of the tissue structure and creation of a specific microenvironment, such as during the tumour development. Chronic inflammation is a central player in stimulating changes that alter the tissue stroma and can lead to fibrotic evolution. In the colon mucosa, regulatory mechanisms, including TGF-β1, avoid damaging inflammation in front of the continuous challenge by the intestinal microbiome. Inducing either DSS colitis or AOM colorectal carcinogenesis in AVN-Wistar rats, we evaluated at one month after the end of each treatment whether immunological changes and remodelling of the collagen scaffold were already in development. At this time point, we found in both models a general downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and even of TGF-β1, but not of IL-6. Moreover, we demonstrated by multi-photon microscopy the simultaneously presence of pro-fibrotic remodelling of the collagen scaffold, with measurable changes in comparison to the control mucosa. The scaffold was significantly modified depending on the type of induced stimulation. These results suggest that at one month after the end of the DSS or AOM inductions, a smouldering inflammation is present in both induced conditions, since the pro-inflammatory cytokines still exceed, in proportion, the local homeostatic regulation of which TGF-β1 is a part (inflammatory threshold). Such an inflammation appears sufficient to sustain remodelling of the collagen scaffold that may be taken as a possible pathological marker for revealing pre-neoplastic inflammation.
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13
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Aronovich A, Moyal L, Gorovitz B, Amitay-Laish I, Naveh HP, Forer Y, Maron L, Knaneh J, Ad-El D, Yaacobi D, Barel E, Erez N, Hodak E. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Mycosis Fungoides Promote Tumor Cell Migration and Drug Resistance through CXCL12/CXCR4. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:619-627.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Marques P, Grossman AB, Korbonits M. The tumour microenvironment of pituitary neuroendocrine tumours. Front Neuroendocrinol 2020; 58:100852. [PMID: 32553750 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) includes a variety of non-neoplastic cells and non-cellular elements such as cytokines, growth factors and enzymes surrounding tumour cells. The TME emerged as a key modulator of tumour initiation, progression and invasion, with extensive data available in many cancers, but little is known in pituitary tumours. However, the understanding of the TME of pituitary tumours has advanced thanks to active research in this field over the last decade. Different immune and stromal cell subpopulations, and several cytokines, growth factors and matrix remodelling enzymes, have been characterised in pituitary tumours. Studying the TME in pituitary tumours may lead to a better understanding of tumourigenic mechanisms, identification of biomarkers useful to predict aggressive disease, and development of novel therapies. This review summarises the current knowledge on the different TME cellular/non-cellular elements in pituitary tumours and provides an overview of their role in tumourigenesis, biological behaviour and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marques
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Ashley B Grossman
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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15
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Despotović SZ, Milićević ĐN, Krmpot AJ, Pavlović AM, Živanović VD, Krivokapić Z, Pavlović VB, Lević S, Nikolić G, Rabasović MD. Altered organization of collagen fibers in the uninvolved human colon mucosa 10 cm and 20 cm away from the malignant tumor. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6359. [PMID: 32286443 PMCID: PMC7156654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Remodelling of collagen fibers has been described during every phase of cancer genesis and progression. Changes in morphology and organization of collagen fibers contribute to the formation of microenvironment that favors cancer progression and development of metastasis. However, there are only few data about remodelling of collagen fibers in healthy looking mucosa distant from the cancer. Using SHG imaging, electron microscopy and specialized softwares (CT-FIRE, CurveAlign and FiberFit), we objectively visualized and quantified changes in morphology and organization of collagen fibers and investigated possible causes of collagen remodelling (change in syntheses, degradation and collagen cross-linking) in the colon mucosa 10 cm and 20 cm away from the cancer in comparison with healthy mucosa. We showed that in the lamina propria this far from the colon cancer, there were changes in collagen architecture (width, straightness, alignment of collagen fibers and collagen molecules inside fibers), increased representation of myofibroblasts and increase expression of collagen-remodelling enzymes (LOX and MMP2). Thus, the changes in organization of collagen fibers, which were already described in the cancer microenvironment, also exist in the mucosa far from the cancer, but smaller in magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Z Despotović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and embryology, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Đorđe N Milićević
- Saarland University, Department of Internal Medicine V- Pulmonology, Allergology, Intensive Care Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Zoran Krivokapić
- Clinic for Abdominal Surgery- First surgical clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Steva Lević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gorana Nikolić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia
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16
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Lysyl oxidases: linking structures and immunity in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 69:223-235. [PMID: 31650200 PMCID: PMC7000489 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The lysyl oxidases (LOXs) are a family of enzymes deputed to cross-link collagen and elastin, shaping the structure and strength of the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, many novel “non-canonical” functions, alternative substrates, and regulatory mechanisms have been described and are being continuously elucidated. The activity of LOXs, therefore, appears to be integrated into a complex network of signals regulating many cell functions, including survival/proliferation/differentiation. Among these signaling pathways, TGF-β and PI3K/Akt/mTOR, in particular, cross-talk extensively with each other and with LOXs also initiating complex feedback loops which modulate the activity of LOXs and direct the remodeling of the ECM. A growing body of evidence indicates that LOXs are not only important in the homeostasis of the normal structure of the ECM, but are also implicated in the establishment and maturation of the tumor microenvironment. LOXs’ association with advanced and metastatic cancer is well established; however, there is enough evidence to support a significant role of LOXs in the transformation of normal epithelial cells, in the accelerated tumor development and the induction of invasion of the premalignant epithelium. A better understanding of LOXs and their interactions with the different elements of the tumor immune microenvironment will prove invaluable in the design of novel anti-tumor strategies.
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17
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Song H, Wang T, Tian L, Bai S, Chen L, Zuo Y, Xue Y. Macrophages on the Peritoneum are involved in Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis. J Cancer 2019; 10:5377-5387. [PMID: 31632482 PMCID: PMC6775704 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) have been shown to support tumor growth and progression by various mechanisms. However, the roles of TAM in gastric cancer (GC) peritoneal metastasis remain elusive. To explore the roles of macrophages in the process of GC peritoneal metastasis, we performed the present study. Samples from the primary GC tumor beds, surgical margins, peritoneal metastatic lesions and surrounding tissue, and the Pouch of Douglas, were collected, fixed by formalin, and embedded with paraffin. Immunohistochemistry staining for macrophages markers was performed. The peritoneal lavage was obtained from a fraction of patients to analyze the ratios of epidermal growth factor (EGF)- and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-secreting macrophages in the peritoneal cavity. GC patients with peritoneal metastasis had increased levels of macrophages and alternatively activated macrophages in the peritoneum compared to those without dissemination. Patients bearing more macrophages in the peritoneum had a poorer prognosis. GC patients bearing peritoneal metastasis harbored an increased level of angiogenesis. Macrophages in the peritoneal cavity were a source of EGF and VEGF. Macrophages in the peritoneum of GC patients play a supportive role for peritoneal metastasis by producing EGF and VEGF. Macrophages in the peritoneum might be a therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Tie Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lining Tian
- Department of Medical Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shuping Bai
- Department of Internal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yanjiao Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yingwei Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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18
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Sun C, Gu Y, Chen G, Du Y. Bioinformatics Analysis of Stromal Molecular Signatures Associated with Breast and Prostate Cancer. J Comput Biol 2019; 26:1130-1139. [PMID: 31180245 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2019.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify stromal molecular signatures associated with breast and prostate cancer. The microarray data GSE26910 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database, including six invasive breast tumor stroma, six matched normal controls, six invasive prostate tumor stroma, and six matched controls. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in invasive breast and prostate tumors stroma were, respectively, identified. Then common stromal genes (B_P.DEGs) were further screened. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and Gene Ontology analysis was performed. Besides, gene-chemical interactions were mapped in Comparative Toxicogenomics Database to screen the chemicals related to feature genes. The results showed that, in total, 16 B_P.DEGs were identified. Thereinto, only seven B_P.DEGs were mapped into PPI, and only four functional modules (adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (pituitary) receptor type I (ADCYAP1R1) module, aspartoacylase (ASPA) module, glutathione S-transferase mu 5 (GSTM5) module, and periplakin (PPL) module) were involved in important biological processes associated with cancer progression. In addition, the chemicals, such as dihydrotestosterone, apocarotenal, testosterone, and progesterone, were screened for the roles of feature genes in the progression of breast and prostate cancer. In conclusion, ADCYAP1R1, GSTM5, and PPL were stromal molecular signatures and might play a key role in the progression of breast and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibao Du
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Azevedo PO, Paiva AE, Santos GSP, Lousado L, Andreotti JP, Sena IFG, Tagliati CA, Mintz A, Birbrair A. Cross-talk between lung cancer and bones results in neutrophils that promote tumor progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2019; 37:779-790. [PMID: 30203108 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality around the world. The lack of detailed understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms participating in the lung tumor progression restrains the development of efficient treatments. Recently, by using state-of-the-art technologies, including in vivo sophisticated Cre/loxP technologies in combination with lung tumor models, it was revealed that osteoblasts activate neutrophils that promote tumor growth in the lung. Strikingly, genetic ablation of osteoblasts abolished lung tumor progression via interruption of SiglecFhigh-expressing neutrophils supply to the tumor microenvironment. Interestingly, SiglecFhigh neutrophil signature was associated with worse lung adenocarcinoma patients outcome. This study identifies novel cellular targets for lung cancer treatment. Here, we summarize and evaluate recent advances in our understanding of lung tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O Azevedo
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana E Paiva
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabryella S P Santos
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiza Lousado
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Julia P Andreotti
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Isadora F G Sena
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Tagliati
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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20
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Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia treated with carbon dioxide laser: a meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:209-221. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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21
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Seo JS, Lee JW, Kim A, Shin JY, Jung YJ, Lee SB, Kim YH, Park S, Lee HJ, Park IK, Kang CH, Yun JY, Kim J, Kim YT. Whole Exome and Transcriptome Analyses Integrated with Microenvironmental Immune Signatures of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:848-859. [PMID: 29720381 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The immune microenvironment in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is not well understood, with interactions between the host immune system and the tumor, as well as the molecular pathogenesis of LUSC, awaiting better characterization. To date, no molecularly targeted agents have been developed for LUSC treatment. Identification of predictive and prognostic biomarkers for LUSC could help optimize therapy decisions. We sequenced whole exomes and RNA from 101 tumors and matched noncancer control Korean samples. We used the information to predict subtype-specific interactions within the LUSC microenvironment and to connect genomic alterations with immune signatures. Hierarchical clustering based on gene expression and mutational profiling revealed subtypes that were either immune defective or immune competent. We analyzed infiltrating stromal and immune cells to further characterize the tumor microenvironment. Elevated expression of macrophage 2 signature genes in the immune competent subtype confirmed that tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) linked inflammation and mutation-driven cancer. A negative correlation was evident between the immune score and the amount of somatic copy-number variation (SCNV) of immune genes (r = -0.58). The SCNVs showed a potential detrimental effect on immunity in the immune-deficient subtype. Knowledge of the genomic alterations in the tumor microenvironment could be used to guide design of immunotherapy options that are appropriate for patients with certain cancer subtypes. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(7); 848-59. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Sun Seo
- Precision Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnamsi, Korea. .,Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Macrogen Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahreum Kim
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeon Shin
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Macrogen Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Jung
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Bom Lee
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ho Kim
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Samina Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Kang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Yun
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Macrogen Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Macrogen Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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De Vita A, Mercatali L, Miserocchi G, Liverani C, Spadazzi C, Recine F, Bongiovanni A, Pieri F, Cavaliere D, Fausti V, Amadori D, Ibrahim T. Establishment of a Primary Culture of Patient-derived Soft Tissue Sarcoma. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29708525 DOI: 10.3791/56767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) represent a spectrum of heterogeneous malignancies with a difficult diagnosis, classification, and management. To date, more than 50 histological subtypes of these rare solid tumors have been identified. Thus, due to their extraordinary diversity and low incidence, our understanding of the biology of these tumors is still limited. Patient-derived cultures represent the ideal platform to study STS pathophysiology and pharmacology. We thus developed a human preclinical model of STS starting from tumor specimens harvested from patients undergoing surgical resection. Patient-derived STS cell cultures were obtained from the surgical specimens by collagenase digestion and isolated by filtration. Cells were counted, seeded, and left for 14 days in standard monolayer cultures and then processed by downstream analysis. Before performing molecular or pharmaceutical analyses, the establishment of STS primary cultures was confirmed through the evaluation of cytomorphologic features and, when available, immunohistochemical markers. This method represents a useful tool 1) to study the natural history of these poorly explored malignancies and 2) to test the effects of different drugs in an effort to learn more about their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro De Vita
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS;
| | - Laura Mercatali
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS
| | - Giacomo Miserocchi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS
| | - Chiara Liverani
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS
| | - Chiara Spadazzi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS
| | - Federica Recine
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS
| | - Alberto Bongiovanni
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS
| | | | - Davide Cavaliere
- Unit of Surgery and Advanced Oncologic Therapies, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital
| | - Valentina Fausti
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS
| | - Dino Amadori
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS
| | - Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS
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23
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Niu Y, Zhu J, Li Y, Shi H, Gong Y, Li R, Huo Q, Ma T, Liu Y. Size shrinkable drug delivery nanosystems and priming the tumor microenvironment for deep intratumoral penetration of nanoparticles. J Control Release 2018; 277:35-47. [PMID: 29545106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The penetration of nanomedicine into solid tumor still constitutes a great challenge for cancer therapy, which lead to the failure of thorough clearance of tumor cells. Aiming at solving this issue, lots of encouraging progress has been made in the development of multistage nanoparticles triggered by various stimuli in the past few years. Besides, the therapeutical effects of nanoagents are also greatly impacted by the complex tumor microenvironment, and remodeling tumor microenvironment has become another important approach for promoting nanoparticles penetration. In this review, we summarize and analyze recent research progress and challenges in promoting nanoparticle penetration based on two kinds of different strategies, which include size shrinkable nanoparticles and priming tumor microenvironments. Especially, many recent reported multi-strategy approaches based on particle size reduction in conjugated with other therapeutic strategies are discussed. And we expect to provide some useful enlightenments and proposals on nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for more effective therapy of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Huihui Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yaxiang Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qiang Huo
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Tao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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24
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Lopes-Coelho F, Gouveia-Fernandes S, Serpa J. Metabolic cooperation between cancer and non-cancerous stromal cells is pivotal in cancer progression. Tumour Biol 2018; 40:1010428318756203. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428318756203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The way cancer cells adapt to microenvironment is crucial for the success of carcinogenesis, and metabolic fitness is essential for a cancer cell to survive and proliferate in a certain organ/tissue. The metabolic remodeling in a tumor niche is endured not only by cancer cells but also by non-cancerous cells that share the same microenvironment. For this reason, tumor cells and stromal cells constitute a complex network of signal and organic compound transfer that supports cellular viability and proliferation. The intensive dual-address cooperation of all components of a tumor sustains disease progression and metastasis. Herein, we will detail the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts, cancer-associated adipocytes, and inflammatory cells, mainly monocytes/macrophages (tumor-associated macrophages), in the remodeling and metabolic adaptation of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Lopes-Coelho
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Gouveia-Fernandes
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisbon, Portugal
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25
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Miserocchi G, Mercatali L, Liverani C, De Vita A, Spadazzi C, Pieri F, Bongiovanni A, Recine F, Amadori D, Ibrahim T. Management and potentialities of primary cancer cultures in preclinical and translational studies. J Transl Med 2017; 15:229. [PMID: 29116016 PMCID: PMC5688825 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of patient-derived primary cell cultures in cancer preclinical assays has increased in recent years. The management of resected tumor tissue remains complex and a number of parameters must be respected to obtain complete sample digestion and optimal vitality yield. We provide an overview of the benefits of correct primary cell culture management using different preclinical methodologies, and describe the pros and cons of this model with respect to other kinds of samples. One important advantage is that the heterogeneity of the cell populations composing a primary culture partially reproduces the tumor microenvironment and crosstalk between malignant and healthy cells, neither of which is possible with cell lines. Moreover, the use of patient-derived specimens in innovative preclinical technologies, such as 3D systems or bioreactors, represents an important opportunity to improve the translational value of the results obtained. In vivo models could further our understanding of the crosstalk between tumor and other tissues as they enable us to observe the systemic and biological interactions of a complete organism. Although engineered mice are the most common model used in this setting, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) species has recently been recognized as an innovative experimental system. In fact, the transparent body and incomplete immune system of zebrafish embryos are especially useful for evaluating patient-derived tumor tissue interactions in healthy hosts. In conclusion, ex vivo systems represent an important tool for cancer research, but samples require correct manipulation to maximize their translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Miserocchi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Laura Mercatali
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy.
| | - Chiara Liverani
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Vita
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Chiara Spadazzi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Federica Pieri
- Pathology Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Via Carlo Forlanini 34, 47121, Forlì, Italy
| | - Alberto Bongiovanni
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Federica Recine
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Dino Amadori
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
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26
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Wei B, Zhou X, Liang C, Zheng X, Lei P, Fang J, Han X, Wang L, Qi C, Wei H. Human colorectal cancer progression correlates with LOX-induced ECM stiffening. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1450-1457. [PMID: 29209148 PMCID: PMC5715527 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.21230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Some solid tumors are characterized by extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and stiffening, which is related to solid tumor progression and aggression. However, the relationship between ECM stiffness and colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the relevance of ECM stiffness to clinicopathologic features using human CRC tissue microarrays. The results demonstrate that the expression of ECM components in CRC tissues is closely correlated with CRC progression and poor prognosis, which indicates that ECM stiffness may be associated with CRC development. We further studied lysyl oxidase (LOX) expression in CRC tissue and demonstrated that LOX expression is closely correlated with CRC progression. Previous studies showed that P-selectin-mediated platelet accumulation in CRC tissue may up-regulate LOX expression. Our findings indicate that P-selectin-mediated platelet aggregation may up-regulate LOX expression and enhance the remodeling and stiffening of the tumor ECM, which may promote the progression of colorectal cancer. Therefore, LOX may be a potential effective therapeutic target to treat colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xueling Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Chenghua Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xiaoming Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Purun Lei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Jiafeng Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Central Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Cuiling Qi
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Hongbo Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
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27
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Nahm JH, Rhee H, Kim H, Yoo JE, San Lee J, Jeon Y, Choi GH, Park YN. Increased expression of stemness markers and altered tumor stroma in hepatocellular carcinoma under TACE-induced hypoxia: A biopsy and resection matched study. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99359-99371. [PMID: 29245907 PMCID: PMC5725098 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) expressing stemness markers are characterized by an aggressive behavior, which might be promoted by an altered tumor stroma. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) induces severe hypoxia, and its effect on stemness and tumor stroma of HCCs remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sequential changes of stemness and tumor stroma under TACE-induced hypoxia using biopsy and resection-matched HCCs. Methods Forty-six biopsy and resection matched HCCs including 10 cases with and 36 cases without preoperative TACE were selected. Immunohistochemistry for stemness (keratin 19 [K19], epithelial cell adhesion molecule [EpCAM], and CD133), hypoxia (carbonic anhydrase IX [CAIX] and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]), and tumor stromal (α-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA] and fibroblast activation protein [FAP]) markers were performed and compared in matched biopsied and resected HCCs with and without TACE. Results The accuracy of K19, EpCAM, CD133, CAIX, VEGF, α-SMA and FAP detected on biopsied HCCs was 64% ∼ 86%, using the expression status in resected HCCs as a reference standard in non-TACE group. The sequential change of hypoxia, stemness and stromal marker expression in matched biopsied and resected HCC was greater in TACE group than in non-TACE group (P < 0.05 for all). The degree of stemness marker expression was well correlated with those of tumor stromal markers, and the degree of CAIX expression was well correlated with that of K19 (P < 0.05). Conclusions Stemness marker expression is considered to be increased along with tumor stromal alteration under TACE-induced hypoxia, which might promote the aggressive biology of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hae Nahm
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyungjin Rhee
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Integrated Genomic Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haeryoung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Yoo
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Integrated Genomic Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee San Lee
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Integrated Genomic Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngsic Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Integrated Genomic Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Hong Choi
- Departments of General Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Nyun Park
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Integrated Genomic Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Drak Alsibai K, Meseure D. Tumor microenvironment and noncoding RNAs as co-drivers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer metastasis. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:405-431. [PMID: 28691356 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal interactions between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) are crucial events in tumor progression and metastasis. Pervasive stromal reprogramming of TME modifies numerous cellular functions, including extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness, inflammation, and immunity. These environmental factors allow selection of more aggressive cells that develop adaptive strategies associating plasticity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stem-like phenotype, invasion, immunosuppression, and resistance to therapies. EMT is a morphomolecular process that endows epithelial tumor cells with mesenchymal properties, including reduced adhesion and increased motility. Numerous studies have demonstrated involvement of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as miRNAs and lncRNAs, in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. NcRNAs regulate every hallmark of cancer and have now emerged as new players in induction and regulation of EMT. The reciprocal regulatory interactions between ncRNAs, TME components, and cancer cells increase the complexity of gene expression and protein translation in cancer. Thus, deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms controlling EMT will not only shed light on metastatic processes of cancer cells, but enhance development of new therapies targeting metastasis. In this review, we will provide recent findings on the role of known ncRNAs relevant to EMT and cancer metastasis and discuss the role of the interaction between ncRNAs and TME as co-drivers of EMT. Developmental Dynamics 247:405-431, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Didier Meseure
- Platform of Investigative Pathology, Curie Institute, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, Curie Institute, Paris, France
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29
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Despotović SZ, Milićević NM, Milošević DP, Despotović N, Erceg P, Svorcan P, Schumacher U, Ullrich S, Mihajlović G, Kalem D, Marković S, Lalić IM, Krmpot AJ, Rabasović MD, Pantelić DV, Jovanić SZ, Rösch T, Milićević Ž. Remodeling of extracellular matrix of the lamina propria in the uninvolved human rectal mucosa 10 and 20 cm away from the malignant tumor. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317711654. [PMID: 28718368 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317711654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it has been demonstrated that malignancy arises and advances through the molecular interplay between tumor cells and non-malignant elements of the tumor stroma, that is, fibroblasts and extracellular matrix. However, in contrast to the mounting evidence about the role of tumor stroma in the genesis and progression of the malignant disease, there are very few data regarding the uninvolved stromal tissue in the remote surrounding of the tumor. Using the objective morphometric approach in patients with adenocarcinoma, we demonstrate the remodeling of extracellular matrix of the lamina propria in the uninvolved rectal mucosa 10 and 20 cm away from the neoplasm. We show that the representation of basic extracellular matrix constituents (reticular and collagen fibers and ground substance) is decreased. Also, the diameter of empty spaces that appear within the extracellular matrix of the lamina propria is increased. These spaces do not represent the blood or lymphatic vessel elements. Very likely, they reflect the development of tissue edema in the remote, uninvolved lamina propria of the mucosa in patients with the malignant tumor of the rectum. We hypothesize that the remodeling of extracellular matrix in lamina propria of the rectal mucosa may increase its stiffness, modulating the mechano-signal transduction, and thus promote the progression of the malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Z Despotović
- 1 Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Novica M Milićević
- 1 Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragoslav P Milošević
- 2 Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,3 Department of Geriatrics, Zvezdara University Clinical Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Despotović
- 2 Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,3 Department of Geriatrics, Zvezdara University Clinical Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Erceg
- 2 Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,3 Department of Geriatrics, Zvezdara University Clinical Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Svorcan
- 2 Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,4 Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zvezdara University Clinical Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Udo Schumacher
- 5 Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ullrich
- 5 Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gordana Mihajlović
- 3 Department of Geriatrics, Zvezdara University Clinical Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Kalem
- 4 Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zvezdara University Clinical Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srđan Marković
- 4 Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zvezdara University Clinical Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana M Lalić
- 1 Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Dejan V Pantelić
- 6 Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Thomas Rösch
- 7 Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Živana Milićević
- 1 Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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30
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Bahrami A, Hassanian SM, Khazaei M, Hasanzadeh M, Shahidsales S, Maftouh M, Ferns GA, Avan A. The Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Cancer: Rational Strategies and Recent Progress. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:111-122. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Malihe Hasanzadeh
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Woman Health Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | | | - Mina Maftouh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical SchoolDivision of Medical EducationFalmer, BrightonSussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Cancer Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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31
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Marelli G, Sica A, Vannucci L, Allavena P. Inflammation as target in cancer therapy. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 35:57-65. [PMID: 28618326 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cells of the innate immunity infiltrating tumour tissues promote, rather than halt, cancer cell proliferation and distant spreading. Tumour-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) are abundantly present in the tumour milieu and here trigger and perpetrate a state of chronic inflammation which ultimately supports disease development and contributes to an immune-suppressive environment. Therapeutic strategies to limit inflammatory cells and their products have been successful in pre-clinical tumour models. Early clinical trials with specific cytokine and chemokine inhibitors, or with strategies designed to target TAMs, are on their way in different solid malignancies. Partial clinical responses and stabilization of diseases were observed in some patients, in the absence of significant toxicity. These encouraging results open new perspectives of combination treatments aimed at reducing cancer-promoting inflammation to maximize the anti-tumour efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Sica
- IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Università Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Vannucci
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paola Allavena
- IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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32
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Yeo SY, Ha SY, Lee KW, Cui Y, Yang ZT, Xuan YH, Kim SH. Twist1 is highly expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with a prognostic significance. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65265-65280. [PMID: 29029429 PMCID: PMC5630329 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play important roles in cancer progression. Twist1 was recently reported to be a key regulator of CAFs in gastric cancer, but its role in other types of cancer remains unclear, especially for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We assessed the Twist1 expression on stromal fibroblasts using immunohistochemistry in 169 tissue specimens from ESCC patients, and performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to confirm the role of Twist1 in CAFs of ESCC. And we investigated the biological pathways that are activated in Twist1-high ESCC using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. The expression of Twist1 in stromal fibroblasts was observed in 89.9% of ESCC patients and positively associated with the increased depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and advanced clinical stage, and a significant adverse prognostic factor in overall survival. Twist1-expressing stromal fibroblasts also expressed representative CAF markers, and co-localization of Twist1 and CAF markers were confirmed by confocal immunofluorescence imaging. Bioinformatic analysis of mRNA expression data of esophageal cancer from TCGA revealed that gene sets of CAFs were highly enriched in Twist1-high ESCC. Depletion of Twist1 in ex vivo cultured ESCC CAFs induced significant decrease in migration, invasion, colony formation, sphere formation, and contractibility of ESCC cancer cells compared to control CAFs. Furthermore, Twist1-expressing fibroblasts remarkably enhanced the in vivo tumorigenicity of ESCC in a xenograft model. In conclusion, Twist1 could be a novel CAF marker for the prognostic evaluation of ESCC patients as well as a potent therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Yeo
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yun Ha
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Woo Lee
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Zhao-Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Yan-Hua Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Seok-Hyung Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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33
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Gupta S, Roy A, Dwarakanath BS. Metabolic Cooperation and Competition in the Tumor Microenvironment: Implications for Therapy. Front Oncol 2017; 7:68. [PMID: 28447025 PMCID: PMC5388702 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an ensemble of non-tumor cells comprising fibroblasts, cells of the immune system, and endothelial cells, besides various soluble secretory factors from all cellular components (including tumor cells). The TME forms a pro-tumorigenic cocoon around the tumor cells where reprogramming of the metabolism occurs in tumor and non-tumor cells that underlies the nature of interactions as well as competitions ensuring steady supply of nutrients and anapleoretic molecules for the tumor cells that fuels its growth even under hypoxic conditions. This metabolic reprogramming also plays a significant role in suppressing the immune attack on the tumor cells and in resistance to therapies. Thus, the metabolic cooperation and competition among the different TME components besides the inherent alterations in the tumor cells arising out of genetic as well as epigenetic changes supports growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. This review focuses on the metabolic remodeling achieved through an active cooperation and competition among the three principal components of the TME—the tumor cells, the T cells, and the cancer-associated fibroblasts while discussing about the current strategies that target metabolism of TME components. Further, we will also consider the probable therapeutic opportunities targeting the various metabolic pathways as well as the signaling molecules/transcription factors regulating them for the development of novel treatment strategies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Gupta
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Amrita Roy
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent University, Chennai, India
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34
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Tofrizal A, Fujiwara K, Azuma M, Kikuchi M, Jindatip D, Yashiro T, Yamada S. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-expressing cells in human anterior pituitary and pituitary adenoma. Med Mol Morphol 2017; 50:145-154. [PMID: 28353090 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-017-0155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential in tissue physiology and pathologic conditions such as tumorigenesis. It affects tumor cell behavior, proliferation, and metastasis. Pituitary adenomas differ in their clinical characteristics, including ECM deposition, and we recently reported that the characteristics of collagen-producing cells differed between control human anterior pituitary gland and pituitary adenomas. ECM deposition is not defined solely by production; degradation and maintenance are also important. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) help maintain ECM by inhibiting degradation caused by matrix metalloproteases. The present study attempted to characterize TIMP-expressing cells in the human anterior pituitary. Specimens of human pituitary adenomas and control pituitary were obtained during surgery, and in situ hybridization for TIMP1, TIMP2, TIMP3, and TIMP4, followed by immunohistochemistry, was used to characterize TIMP-expressing cells. TIMP expression exhibited a distinct pattern in the human anterior pituitary. Azan staining showed that fibrous matrix deposition varied among pituitary adenomas and that the area of fibrosis was associated with the number and number of types of TIMP3-expressing cells. These results suggest that TIMPs are important in the maintenance of ECM in human pituitary and that TIMP expressions are altered in fibrosis associated with pituitary adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alimuddin Tofrizal
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ken Fujiwara
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Morio Azuma
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Motoshi Kikuchi
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- Laboratory of Natural History, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Depicha Jindatip
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Takashi Yashiro
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Shozo Yamada
- Department of Hypothalamic and Pituitary Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Majidinia M, Yousefi B. Breast tumor stroma: A driving force in the development of resistance to therapies. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 89:309-318. [PMID: 28042683 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. In spite of huge advancements in early detection and ever-increasing knowledge of breast cancer biology, approximately 30% of patients with early-stage breast cancer experience disease recurrence. Most patients are chemosensitive and cancer free immediately after the treatment. About 50% to 70% of breast cancer patients, however, will relapse within 1 year. Such a relapse is usually concomitant with adenocarcinoma cells acquiring a chemoresistant phenotype. Both de novo and acquired chemoresistance are poorly understood and present a major burden in the treatment of breast cancer. Although, previously, chemoresistance was largely linked to genetic alterations within the cancer cells, recent investigations are indicating that chemoresistance can also be associated with the tumor microenvironment. Nowadays, it is widely believed that tumor microenvironment is a key player in tumor progression and response to treatment. In this study, we will review the interactions of breast tumor cells with their microenvironment, present the latest research on the resistance mediated by the stromal component in breast cancer, and discuss the potential therapeutic strategies that can be exploited to treat breast cancers by targeting tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Majidinia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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36
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Luo X, Zang X, Yang L, Huang J, Liang F, Rodriguez-Canales J, Wistuba II, Gazdar A, Xie Y, Xiao G. Comprehensive Computational Pathological Image Analysis Predicts Lung Cancer Prognosis. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 12:501-509. [PMID: 27826035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pathological examination of histopathological slides is a routine clinical procedure for lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Although the classification of lung cancer has been updated to become more specific, only a small subset of the total morphological features are taken into consideration. The vast majority of the detailed morphological features of tumor tissues, particularly tumor cells' surrounding microenvironment, are not fully analyzed. The heterogeneity of tumor cells and close interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironments are closely related to tumor development and progression. The goal of this study is to develop morphological feature-based prediction models for the prognosis of patients with lung cancer. METHOD We developed objective and quantitative computational approaches to analyze the morphological features of pathological images for patients with NSCLC. Tissue pathological images were analyzed for 523 patients with adenocarcinoma (ADC) and 511 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from The Cancer Genome Atlas lung cancer cohorts. The features extracted from the pathological images were used to develop statistical models that predict patients' survival outcomes in ADC and SCC, respectively. RESULTS We extracted 943 morphological features from pathological images of hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue and identified morphological features that are significantly associated with prognosis in ADC and SCC, respectively. Statistical models based on these extracted features stratified NSCLC patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. The models were developed from training sets and validated in independent testing sets: a predicted high-risk group versus a predicted low-risk group (for patients with ADC: hazard ratio = 2.34, 95% confidence interval: 1.12-4.91, p = 0.024; for patients with SCC: hazard ratio = 2.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.15-4.27, p = 0.017) after adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, and pathologic tumor stage. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the quantitative morphological features of tumor pathological images predict prognosis in patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas
| | - Xiao Zang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas
| | - Lin Yang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas; Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junzhou Huang
- Department of Computer Sciences and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Faming Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Adi Gazdar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas; Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas; Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas
| | - Guanghua Xiao
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas; Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas.
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Alterations of collagen-producing cells in human pituitary adenomas. Med Mol Morphol 2016; 49:224-232. [PMID: 27125916 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-016-0140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential in tissue physiology and pathologic conditions such as tumorigenesis. ECM affects tumor cell behavior, proliferation, and metastasis. Pituitary adenomas vary in their clinical characteristics, including ECM deposition. However, the mechanism of desmoplasia in pituitary adenoma is not well understood. The present study focused on the principal component of ECM, collagen, and attempted to characterize collagen-producing cells in pituitary adenomas. Specimens of human pituitary adenomas and control pituitary were obtained during surgery. In situ hybridization for collagen I and III and immunohistochemistry for α-smooth muscle actin (a pericyte marker) and cytokeratin (an epithelial cell marker) were performed. The results showed that pericytes were the sole collagen-producing cells in control pituitary, while four types of collagen-producing cells were present in pituitary adenomas: pericytes, myofibroblasts, fibroblasts, and newly characterized "myoepithelial-like cells". Azan staining showed that fibrous matrix deposition varied among pituitary adenomas and that the area of fibrosis was associated with the number and types of collagen-producing cells. These results suggest that changes in the number and type of collagen-producing cells influence ECM arrangement, which may in turn reflect pathologic characteristics in pituitary adenomas.
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CAF cellular glycolysis: linking cancer cells with the microenvironment. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8503-14. [PMID: 27075473 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers have long being hallmarked as cells relying heavily on their glycolysis for energy generation in spite of having functional mitochondria. The metabolic status of the cancer cells have been revisited time and again to get better insight into the overall carcinogenesis process which revealed the apparent crosstalks between the cancer cells with the fibroblasts present in the tumour microenvironment. This review focuses on the mechanisms of transformations of normal fibroblasts to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), the participation of the CAF in tumour progression with special interest to the role of CAF cellular glycolysis in the overall tumorigenesis. The fibroblasts, when undergoes the transformation process, distinctly switches to a more glycolytic phenotype in order to provide the metabolic intermediates necessary for carrying out the mitochondrial pathways of ATP generation in cancer cells. This review will also discuss the molecular mechanisms responsible for this metabolic make over promoting glycolysis in CAF cells. A thorough investigation of the pathways and molecules involved will not only help in understanding the process of activation and metabolic reprogramming in CAF cells but also might open up new targets for cancer therapy.
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Zhao Z, Zhu X, Cui K, Mancuso J, Federley R, Fischer K, Teng G, Mittal V, Gao D, Zhao H, Wong ST. In Vivo Visualization and Characterization of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Tumors. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2094-2104. [PMID: 26893478 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The activation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program is a critical step in cancer progression and metastasis, but visualization of this process at the single-cell level, especially in vivo, remains challenging. We established an in vivo approach to track the fate of tumor cells based on a novel EMT-driven fluorescent color switching breast cancer mouse model and intravital two-photon laser scanning microscopy. Specifically, the MMTV-PyMT, Rosa26-RFP-GFP, and Fsp1-Cre triple transgenic mouse model was used to monitor the conversion of RFP-positive epithelial cells to GFP-positive mesenchymal cells in mammary tumors under the control of the Fsp1 (ATL1) promoter, a gate-keeper of EMT initiation. RFP-positive cells were isolated from the tumors, sorted, and transplanted into mammary fat pads of SCID mice to monitor EMT during breast tumor formation. We found that the conversion from RFP- to GFP-positive and spindle-shaped cells was a gradual process, and that GFP-positive cells preferentially localized close to blood vessels, independent of tumor size. Furthermore, cells undergoing EMT expressed high levels of the HGF receptor, c-Met, and treatment of RFP-positive cells with the c-Met inhibitor, cabozantinib, suppressed the RFP-to-GFP conversion in vitro Moreover, administration of cabozantinib to mice with palpable RFP-positive tumors resulted in a silent EMT phenotype whereby GFP-positive cells exhibited reduced motility, leading to suppressed tumor growth. In conclusion, our imaging technique provides a novel opportunity for visualizing tumor EMT at the single-cell level and may help to reveal the intricacies underlying tumor dynamics and treatment responses. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2094-104. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Zhong-Da Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kemi Cui
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James Mancuso
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard Federley
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kari Fischer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10065, USA
| | - Gaojun Teng
- Department of Radiology, Zhong-Da Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Vivek Mittal
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10065, USA
| | - Dingcheng Gao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10065, USA
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,NCI Center for Modeling Cancer Development, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephen Tc Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,NCI Center for Modeling Cancer Development, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Holmstrup P, Dabelsteen E. Oral leukoplakia-to treat or not to treat. Oral Dis 2016; 22:494-7. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Holmstrup
- Section of Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen N Denmark
| | - E Dabelsteen
- Section of Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen N Denmark
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Extracellular Membrane Vesicles as Vehicles for Brain Cell-to-Cell Interactions in Physiological as well as Pathological Conditions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:152926. [PMID: 26583089 PMCID: PMC4637152 DOI: 10.1155/2015/152926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are involved in a great variety of physiological events occurring in the nervous system, such as cross talk among neurons and glial cells in synapse development and function, integrated neuronal plasticity, neuronal-glial metabolic exchanges, and synthesis and dynamic renewal of myelin. Many of these EV-mediated processes depend on the exchange of proteins, mRNAs, and noncoding RNAs, including miRNAs, which occurs among glial and neuronal cells. In addition, production and exchange of EVs can be modified under pathological conditions, such as brain cancer and neurodegeneration. Like other cancer cells, brain tumours can use EVs to secrete factors, which allow escaping from immune surveillance, and to transfer molecules into the surrounding cells, thus transforming their phenotype. Moreover, EVs can function as a way to discard material dangerous to cancer cells, such as differentiation-inducing proteins, and even drugs. Intriguingly, EVs seem to be also involved in spreading through the brain of aggregated proteins, such as prions and aggregated tau protein. Finally, EVs can carry useful biomarkers for the early diagnosis of diseases. Herein we summarize possible roles of EVs in brain physiological functions and discuss their involvement in the horizontal spreading, from cell to cell, of both cancer and neurodegenerative pathologies.
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Veiseh M, Leith SJ, Tolg C, Elhayek SS, Bahrami SB, Collis L, Hamilton S, McCarthy JB, Bissell MJ, Turley E. Uncovering the dual role of RHAMM as an HA receptor and a regulator of CD44 expression in RHAMM-expressing mesenchymal progenitor cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:63. [PMID: 26528478 PMCID: PMC4606125 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of hyaluronan (HA) with mesenchymal progenitor cells impacts trafficking and fate after tissue colonization during wound repair and these events contribute to diseases such as cancer. How this interaction occurs is poorly understood. Using 10T½ cells as a mesenchymal progenitor model and fluorescent (F-HA) or gold-labeled HA (G-HA) polymers, we studied the role of two HA receptors, RHAMM and CD44, in HA binding and uptake in non-adherent and adherent mesenchymal progenitor (10T½) cells to mimic aspects of cell trafficking and tissue colonization. We show that fluorescent labeled HA (F-HA) binding/uptake was high in non-adherent cells but dropped over time as cells became increasingly adherent. Non-adherent cells displayed both CD44 and RHAMM but only function-blocking anti-RHAMM and not anti-CD44 antibodies significantly reduced F-HA binding/uptake. Adherent cells, which also expressed CD44 and RHAMM, primarily utilized CD44 to bind to F-HA since anti-CD44 but not anti-RHAMM antibodies blocked F-HA uptake. RHAMM overexpression in adherent 10T½ cells led to increased F-HA uptake but this increased binding remained CD44 dependent. Further studies showed that RHAMM-transfection increased CD44 mRNA and protein expression while blocking RHAMM function reduced expression. Collectively, these results suggest that cellular microenvironments in which these receptors function as HA binding proteins differ significantly, and that RHAMM plays at least two roles in F-HA binding by acting as an HA receptor in non-attached cells and by regulating CD44 expression and display in attached cells. Our findings demonstrate adhesion-dependent mechanisms governing HA binding/ uptake that may impact development of new mesenchymal cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Veiseh
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories Berkeley, CA, USA ; Palo Alto Research Center (a Xerox Company) Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sean J Leith
- Departments of Oncology/Biochemistry/Surgery, Western Schulich School of Medicine, London Regional Cancer Program, Western University London, ON, Canada
| | - Cornelia Tolg
- Departments of Oncology/Biochemistry/Surgery, Western Schulich School of Medicine, London Regional Cancer Program, Western University London, ON, Canada
| | - Sallie S Elhayek
- Departments of Oncology/Biochemistry/Surgery, Western Schulich School of Medicine, London Regional Cancer Program, Western University London, ON, Canada
| | - S Bahram Bahrami
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Collis
- Departments of Oncology/Biochemistry/Surgery, Western Schulich School of Medicine, London Regional Cancer Program, Western University London, ON, Canada
| | - Sara Hamilton
- Departments of Oncology/Biochemistry/Surgery, Western Schulich School of Medicine, London Regional Cancer Program, Western University London, ON, Canada
| | - James B McCarthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mina J Bissell
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eva Turley
- Departments of Oncology/Biochemistry/Surgery, Western Schulich School of Medicine, London Regional Cancer Program, Western University London, ON, Canada
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Brown GT, Murray GI. Current mechanistic insights into the roles of matrix metalloproteinases in tumour invasion and metastasis. J Pathol 2015; 237:273-81. [PMID: 26174849 DOI: 10.1002/path.4586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to highlight the recent mechanistic developments elucidating the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in tumour invasion and metastasis. The ability of tumour cells to invade, migrate, and subsequently metastasize is a fundamental characteristic of cancer. Tumour invasion and metastasis are increasingly being characterized by the dynamic relationship between cancer cells and their microenvironment and developing a greater understanding of these basic pathological mechanisms is crucial. While MMPs have been strongly implicated in these processes as a result of extensive circumstantial evidence--for example, increased expression of individual MMPs in tumours and association of specific MMPs with prognosis--the underpinning mechanisms are only now being elucidated. Recent studies are now providing a mechanistic basis, highlighting and reinforcing the catalytic and non-catalytic roles of specific MMPs as key players in tumour invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon T Brown
- Pathology, Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Graeme I Murray
- Pathology, Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Jensen-Jarolim E, Fazekas J, Singer J, Hofstetter G, Oida K, Matsuda H, Tanaka A. Crosstalk of carcinoembryonic antigen and transforming growth factor-β via their receptors: comparing human and canine cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:531-7. [PMID: 25832000 PMCID: PMC4412651 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) pathways are tightly connected and play a key role in malignant transformation in cancer. Immune infiltration by regulatory T- and B-lymphocytes (Tregs, Bregs) has recently gained increased attention for being an important source of TGF-β. There is a plethora of studies examining the pro-tumorigenic functions of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), but its receptor CEAR is far less studied. So far, there is a single connecting report that TGF-β also may signal through CEAR. The crosstalk between cancer tissues is further complicated by the expression of CEAR and TGF-β receptors in stromal cells, and implications of TGF-β in epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, tumor-infiltrating Tregs and Bregs may directly instruct cancer cells by secreting TGF-β binding to their CEAR. Therefore, both TGF-β and CEA may act synergistically in breast cancer and cause disease progression, and NFκB could be a common crossing point between their signaling. CEAR, TGF-β1–3, TGF-β-R types I–III and NFκB class I and II molecules have an outstanding human–canine sequence identity, and only a canine CEA homolog has not yet been identified. For these reasons, the dog may be a valid translational model patient for investigating the crosstalk of the interconnected CEA and TGF-β networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, c/o Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, AKH 4Q, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria,
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Meseure D, Drak Alsibai K, Nicolas A. Pivotal role of pervasive neoplastic and stromal cells reprogramming in circulating tumor cells dissemination and metastatic colonization. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT SOCIETY 2014; 7:95-115. [PMID: 25523234 PMCID: PMC4275542 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-014-0158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Reciprocal interactions between neoplastic cells and their microenvironment are crucial events in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Pervasive stromal reprogramming and remodeling that transform a normal to a tumorigenic microenvironment modify numerous stromal cells functions, status redox, oxidative stress, pH, ECM stiffness and energy metabolism. These environmental factors allow selection of more aggressive cancer cells that develop important adaptive strategies. Subpopulations of cancer cells acquire new properties associating plasticity, stem-like phenotype, unfolded protein response, metabolic reprogramming and autophagy, production of exosomes, survival to anoikis, invasion, immunosuppression and therapeutic resistance. Moreover, by inducing vascular transdifferentiation of cancer cells and recruiting endothelial cells and pericytes, the tumorigenic microenvironment induces development of tumor-associated vessels that allow invasive cells to gain access to the tumor vessels and to intravasate. Circulating cancer cells can survive in the blood stream by interacting with the intravascular microenvironment, extravasate through the microvasculature and interact with the metastatic microenvironment of target organs. In this review, we will focus on many recent paradigms involved in the field of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Meseure
- Platform of Investigative Pathology and Department of Biopathology, Curie Institute, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France,
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