1
|
Zong Y, Li H, Liao P, Chen L, Pan Y, Zheng Y, Zhang C, Liu D, Zheng M, Gao J. Mitochondrial dysfunction: mechanisms and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:124. [PMID: 38744846 PMCID: PMC11094169 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, with their intricate networks of functions and information processing, are pivotal in both health regulation and disease progression. Particularly, mitochondrial dysfunctions are identified in many common pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. However, the multifaceted nature and elusive phenotypic threshold of mitochondrial dysfunction complicate our understanding of their contributions to diseases. Nonetheless, these complexities do not prevent mitochondria from being among the most important therapeutic targets. In recent years, strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction have continuously emerged and transitioned to clinical trials. Advanced intervention such as using healthy mitochondria to replenish or replace damaged mitochondria, has shown promise in preclinical trials of various diseases. Mitochondrial components, including mtDNA, mitochondria-located microRNA, and associated proteins can be potential therapeutic agents to augment mitochondrial function in immunometabolic diseases and tissue injuries. Here, we review current knowledge of mitochondrial pathophysiology in concrete examples of common diseases. We also summarize current strategies to treat mitochondrial dysfunction from the perspective of dietary supplements and targeted therapies, as well as the clinical translational situation of related pharmacology agents. Finally, this review discusses the innovations and potential applications of mitochondrial transplantation as an advanced and promising treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zong
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yao Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yongqiang Zheng
- Sixth People's Hospital Fujian, No. 16, Luoshan Section, Jinguang Road, Luoshan Street, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Delin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Minghao Zheng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Valdés-Arias D, Locatelli EVT, Sepulveda-Beltran PA, Mangwani-Mordani S, Navia JC, Galor A. Recent United States Developments in the Pharmacological Treatment of Dry Eye Disease. Drugs 2024; 84:549-563. [PMID: 38652355 PMCID: PMC11189955 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-024-02031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) can arise from a variety of factors, including inflammation, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), and neurosensory abnormalities. Individuals with DED may exhibit a range of clinical signs, including tear instability, reduced tear production, and epithelial disruption, that are driven by different pathophysiological contributors. Those affected often report a spectrum of pain and visual symptoms that can impact physical and mental aspects of health, placing an overall burden on an individual's well-being. This cumulative impact of DED on an individual's activities and on society underscores the importance of finding diverse and effective management strategies. Such management strategies necessitate an understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to DED in the individual patient. Presently, the majority of approved therapies for DED address T cell-mediated inflammation, with their tolerability and effectiveness varying across different studies. However, there is an emergence of treatments that target additional aspects of the disease, including novel inflammatory pathways, abnormalities of the eyelid margin, and neuronal function. These developments may allow for a more nuanced and precise management strategy for DED. This review highlights the recent pharmacological advancements in DED therapy in the United States. It discusses the mechanisms of action of these new treatments, presents key findings from clinical trials, discusses their current stage of development, and explores their potential applicability to different sub-types of DED. By providing a comprehensive overview of products in development, this review aims to contribute valuable insights to the ongoing efforts in enhancing the therapeutic options available to individuals suffering from DED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Valdés-Arias
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, 900 NW 17th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Elyana V T Locatelli
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, 900 NW 17th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Surgical Services, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1201 Northwest 16th Street, Miami, FL, 33125, USA
| | | | | | - Juan Carlos Navia
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, 900 NW 17th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, 900 NW 17th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Surgical Services, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1201 Northwest 16th Street, Miami, FL, 33125, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pulipaka S, Singuru G, Sahoo S, Shaikh A, Thennati R, Kotamraju S. Therapeutic efficacies of mitochondria-targeted esculetin and metformin in the improvement of age-associated atherosclerosis via regulating AMPK activation. GeroScience 2024; 46:2391-2408. [PMID: 37968424 PMCID: PMC10828355 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01015-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, in general, is an age-associated cardiovascular disease wherein a progressive decline in mitochondrial function due to aging majorly contributes to the disease development. Mitochondria-derived ROS due to dysregulated endothelial cell function accentuates the progression of atherosclerotic plaque formation. To circumvent this, mitochondrially targeted antioxidants are emerging as potential candidates to combat metabolic abnormalities. Recently, we synthesized an alkyl TPP+ tagged esculetin (Mito-Esc), and in the current study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacies of Mito-Esc and metformin, a well-known anti-diabetic drug, in the amelioration of age-associated plaque formation in the aortas of 12 months aged Apoe-/- and 20 months aged C57BL/6 mice, in comparison to young C57BL/6 control mice. Administration of Mito-Esc or metformin significantly reduced age-induced atherosclerotic lesion area, macrophage polarization, vascular inflammation, and senescence. Further, chronic passaging of human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) with either Mito-Esc or metformin significantly delayed cellular senescence via the activation of the AMPK-SIRT1/SIRT6 axis. Conversely, depletion of either AMPK/SIRT1/SIRT6 caused premature senescence. Consistent with this, Mito-Esc or metformin treatment attenuated NFkB-mediated inflammatory signaling and enhanced ARE-mediated anti-oxidant responses in comparison to late passage control HAECs. Importantly, culturing of HAECs for several passages with either Mito-Esc or metformin significantly improved mitochondrial function. Overall, Mito-Esc and metformin treatments delay age-associated atherosclerosis by regulating vascular senescence via the activation of AMPK-SIRT1/SIRT6 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sriravali Pulipaka
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Gajalakshmi Singuru
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Shashikanta Sahoo
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Altab Shaikh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad-201002, India
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Rajamannar Thennati
- High Impact Innovations-Sustainable Health Solutions (HISHS), Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Vadodara-390012, India
| | - Srigiridhar Kotamraju
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad-201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang B, Zhang N, Qiu X, Zeng R, Wang S, Hua M, Li Q, Nan K, Lin S. Mitochondria-targeted SkQ1 nanoparticles for dry eye disease: Inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation by preventing mitochondrial DNA oxidation. J Control Release 2024; 365:1-15. [PMID: 37972763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder mutually promoted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ocular surface inflammation. NLRP3 is the key regulator for inducing ocular surface inflammation in DED. However, the mechanism by which ROS influences the bio-effects of NLRP3, and the consequent development of DED, largely remains elusive. In the present study, we uncovered that robust ROS can oxidate mitochondrial DNA (ox-mtDNA) along with loss of mitochondria compaction causing the cytosolic release of ox-mtDNA and subsequent co-localization with cytosolic NLRP3, which can promote the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and stimulate NLRP3-mediated inflammation. Visomitin (also known as SkQ1), a mitochondria-targeted anti-oxidant, could reverse such a process by in situ scavenging of mitochondrial ROS. To effectively deliver SkQ1, we further developed a novel mitochondria-targeted SkQ1 nanoparticle (SkQ1 NP) using a charge-driven self-assembly strategy. Compared with free SkQ1, SkQ1 NPs exhibited significantly higher cytosolic- and mitochondrial-ROS scavenging activity (1.7 and 1.9 times compared to levels of the free SkQ1 group), thus exerting a better in vitro protective effect against H2O2-induced cell death in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). After topical administration, SkQ1 NPs significantly reduced in vivo mtDNA oxidation, while suppressing the expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β, which consequently resulted in better therapeutic effects against DED. Results suggested that by efficiently scavenging mitochondrial ROS, SkQ1 NPs could in situ inhibit DED-induced mtDNA oxidation, thus blocking the interaction of ox-mtDNA and NLRP3; this, in turn, suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NLRP3-mediated inflammatory signaling. Results suggested that SkQ1 NPs have great potential as a new treatment for DED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Na Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xi'an 710002, China
| | - Xinying Qiu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Shuimiao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Mengxia Hua
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Qing Li
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Kaihui Nan
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Sen Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhen T, Li Y, Guo Q, Yao S, You Y, Lei B. Pathogenicity and Function Analysis of Two Novel SLC4A11 Variants in Patients With Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Dystrophy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:1. [PMID: 37787991 PMCID: PMC10561774 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.10.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the pathogenicity and function of two novel SLC4A11 variants associated with congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) and to study the function of a SLC4A11 (K263R) mutant in vitro. Methods Ophthalmic examinations were performed on a 28-year-old male proband with CHED. Whole-exome and Sanger sequencing were applied for mutation screening. Bioinformatics and pathogenicity analysis were performed. HEK293T cells were transfected with the plasmids of empty vector, wild-type SLC4A11, and SLC4A11 (K263R) mutant. The transfected cells were treated with SkQ1. Oxygen consumption, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis rate were measured. Results The proband had poor visual acuity with nystagmus since childhood. Corneal foggy opacity was evident in both eyes. Two novel SLC4A11 variants were detected. Sanger sequencing showed that the proband's father and sister carried c.1464-1G>T variant, and the proband's mother and sister carried c.788A>G (p.Lys263Arg) variant. Based on the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) guidelines, SLC4A11 c.1464-1G>T was pathogenic, whereas c.788A>G, p.K263R was a variant of undetermined significance. In vitro, SLC4A11 (K263R) variant increased ROS level and apoptosis rate. Decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and oxygen consumption rate were remarkable. Furthermore, SkQ1 decreased ROS levels and apoptosis rate but increased mitochondrial membrane potential in the transfected cells. Conclusions Two novel heterozygous pathogenic variants of the SLC4A11 gene were identified in a family with CHED. The missense variant SLC4A11 (K263R) caused mitochondrial dysfunction and increased apoptosis in mutant transfected cells. In addition, SkQ1 presented a protective effect suggesting the anti-oxidant might be a novel therapeutic drug. Translational Relevance This study verified the pathogenicity of 2 novel variants in the SLC4A11 gene in a CHED family and found an anti-oxidant might be a new drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Zhen
- Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya Li
- Henan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Henan Eye Institute/Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingge Guo
- Henan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Henan Eye Institute/Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shun Yao
- Henan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Henan Eye Institute/Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya You
- Henan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Henan Eye Institute/Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Henan Eye Institute/Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Coco G, Ambrosini G, Poletti S, Meliante LA, Taloni A, Scorcia V, Giannaccare G. Recent advances in drug treatments for dry eye disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:2059-2079. [PMID: 37804227 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2269090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ocular condition with a significant impact on patients' quality of life. Conventional treatments include behavioral changes, tear substitutes, and anti-inflammatory agents; however, recent advances in the understanding of DED pathogenesis have opened the way to the development of novel treatment strategies able to target several pathways involved in the onset and persistence of DED. AREAS COVERED Literature search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus around the term 'dry eye disease' and others involving its pathophysiology and therapeutic strategy. The primary focus was on recent drugs approved by FDA or under investigation in phase 3 clinical trials. Google and ClinicalTrials.gov were used for obtaining information about the status of FDA approval and ongoing clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Due to its multifaced pathogenesis, DED management is often challenging, and patients' needs are frequently unmet. Recently, several novel treatments have been either FDA-approved or studied in late-phase trials. These novel drugs target-specific biological components of the ocular surface and reduce inflammation and ocular pain. Additionally, new drug delivery systems allow for increased bioavailability, improve effective dosing, and minimize ocular side effects. These advances in drug therapies show real promise for better management of DED patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Coco
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Ambrosini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Poletti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Antonia Meliante
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Taloni
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Scorcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ogando DG, Kim ET, Li S, Bonanno JA. Corneal Edema in Inducible Slc4a11 Knockout Is Initiated by Mitochondrial Superoxide Induced Src Kinase Activation. Cells 2023; 12:1528. [PMID: 37296649 PMCID: PMC10253072 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Inducible Slc4a11 KO leads to corneal edema by disruption of the pump and barrier functions of the corneal endothelium (CE). The loss of Slc4a11 NH3-activated mitochondrial uncoupling leads to mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization-induced oxidative stress. The goal of this study was to investigate the link between oxidative stress and the failure of pump and barrier functions and to test different approaches to revert the process. METHODS Mice which were homozygous for Slc4a11 Flox and Estrogen receptor -Cre Recombinase fusion protein alleles at 8 weeks of age were fed Tamoxifen (Tm)-enriched chow (0.4 g/Kg) for 2 weeks, and controls were fed normal chow. During the initial 14 days, Slc4a11 expression, corneal thickness (CT), stromal [lactate], Na+-K+ ATPase activity, mitochondrial superoxide levels, expression of lactate transporters, and activity of key kinases were assessed. In addition, barrier function was assessed by fluorescein permeability, ZO-1 tight junction integrity, and cortical cytoskeleton F-actin morphology. RESULTS Tm induced a rapid decay in Slc4a11 expression that was 84% complete at 7 days and 96% complete at 14 days of treatment. Superoxide levels increased significantly by day 7; CT and fluorescein permeability by day 14. Tight junction ZO-1 distribution and the cortical cytoskeleton were disrupted at day 14, concomitant with decreased expression of Cldn1, yet with increased tyrosine phosphorylation. Stromal lactate increased by 60%, Na+-K+ ATPase activity decreased by 40%, and expression of lactate transporters MCT2 and MCT4 significantly decreased, but MCT1 was unchanged at 14 days. Src kinase was activated, but not Rock, PKCα, JNK, or P38Mapk. Mitochondrial antioxidant Visomitin (SkQ1, mitochondrial targeted antioxidant) and Src kinase inhibitor eCF506 significantly slowed the increase in CT, with concomitant decreased stromal lactate retention, improved barrier function, reduced Src activation and Cldn1 phosphorylation, and rescued MCT2 and MCT4 expression. CONCLUSIONS Slc4a11 KO-induced CE oxidative stress triggered increased Src kinase activity that resulted in perturbation of the pump components and barrier function of the CE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joseph A. Bonanno
- Vision Science Program, School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (D.G.O.); (E.T.K.); (S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fairley LH, Das S, Dharwal V, Amorim N, Hegarty KJ, Wadhwa R, Mounika G, Hansbro PM. Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants as a Therapeutic Strategy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040973. [PMID: 37107348 PMCID: PMC10135688 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major hallmark of COPD, contributing to inflammatory signaling, corticosteroid resistance, DNA damage, and accelerated lung aging and cellular senescence. Evidence suggests that oxidative damage is not solely due to exogenous exposure to inhaled irritants, but also endogenous sources of oxidants in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria, the major producers of ROS, exhibit impaired structure and function in COPD, resulting in reduced oxidative capacity and excessive ROS production. Antioxidants have been shown to protect against ROS-induced oxidative damage in COPD, by reducing ROS levels, reducing inflammation, and protecting against the development of emphysema. However, currently available antioxidants are not routinely used in the management of COPD, suggesting the need for more effective antioxidant agents. In recent years, a number of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (MTA) compounds have been developed that are capable of crossing the mitochondria lipid bilayer, offering a more targeted approach to reducing ROS at its source. In particular, MTAs have been shown to illicit greater protective effects compared to non-targeted, cellular antioxidants by further reducing apoptosis and offering greater protection against mtDNA damage, suggesting they are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of COPD. Here, we review evidence for the therapeutic potential of MTAs as a treatment for chronic lung disease and discuss current challenges and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren H Fairley
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Shatarupa Das
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Vivek Dharwal
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Nadia Amorim
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Karl J Hegarty
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Ridhima Wadhwa
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Guntipally Mounika
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fields M, Marcuzzi A, Gonelli A, Celeghini C, Maximova N, Rimondi E. Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants, an Innovative Class of Antioxidant Compounds for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Perspectives and Limitations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043739. [PMID: 36835150 PMCID: PMC9960436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases comprise a wide spectrum of pathologies characterized by progressive loss of neuronal functions and structures. Despite having different genetic backgrounds and etiology, in recent years, many studies have highlighted a point of convergence in the mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration: mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been observed in different pathologies, and their detrimental effects on neurons contribute to the exacerbation of the pathological phenotype at various degrees. In this context, increasing relevance has been acquired by antioxidant therapies, with the purpose of restoring mitochondrial functions in order to revert the neuronal damage. However, conventional antioxidants were not able to specifically accumulate in diseased mitochondria, often eliciting harmful effects on the whole body. In the last decades, novel, precise, mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (MTA) compounds have been developed and studied, both in vitro and in vivo, to address the need to counter the oxidative stress in mitochondria and restore the energy supply and membrane potentials in neurons. In this review, we focus on the activity and therapeutic perspectives of MitoQ, SkQ1, MitoVitE and MitoTEMPO, the most studied compounds belonging to the class of MTA conjugated to lipophilic cations, in order to reach the mitochondrial compartment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fields
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Marcuzzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Arianna Gonelli
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Celeghini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Natalia Maximova
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Erika Rimondi
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tanriover C, Copur S, Ucku D, Cakir AB, Hasbal NB, Soler MJ, Kanbay M. The Mitochondrion: A Promising Target for Kidney Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020570. [PMID: 36839892 PMCID: PMC9960839 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is important in the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases and the mitochondria potentially serve as therapeutic targets necessitating further investigation. Alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis, imbalance between fusion and fission processes leading to mitochondrial fragmentation, oxidative stress, release of cytochrome c and mitochondrial DNA resulting in apoptosis, mitophagy, and defects in energy metabolism are the key pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney diseases. Currently, various strategies target the mitochondria to improve kidney function and kidney treatment. The agents used in these strategies can be classified as biogenesis activators, fission inhibitors, antioxidants, mPTP inhibitors, and agents which enhance mitophagy and cardiolipin-protective drugs. Several glucose-lowering drugs, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RA) and sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are also known to have influences on these mechanisms. In this review, we delineate the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney disease, the current mitochondria-targeting treatment options affecting the kidneys and the future role of mitochondria in kidney pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cem Tanriover
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Ucku
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet B. Cakir
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuri B. Hasbal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Maria Jose Soler
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +90-212-2508250
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bhargava S, Panda R, Azam AM, Sheppard JD. A review of dry eye disease therapies: exploring the qualities of varenicline solution nasal spray. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2023.2173173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Bhargava
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Ranjani Panda
- Virginia Eye Consultants, and Eyecare Partners Practice, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Asma M Azam
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - John D Sheppard
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Norfolk, Virginia
- Virginia Eye Consultants, and Eyecare Partners Practice, Norfolk, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Atayik MC, Çakatay U. Mitochondria-associated cellular senescence mechanisms: Biochemical and pharmacological perspectives. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37437976 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Initially, endosymbiotic relation of mitochondria and other cellular compartments had been continued mutually. However, that evolutionary adaptation impaired because of the deterioration of endosymbiotic crosstalk due to aging and several pathological consequences in cellular redox status are seen, such as deterioration in redox integrity of mitochondria, interfered inter-organelle redox signaling and inefficient antioxidant response element mediated gene expression. Although the dysfunction of mitochondria is known to be a classical pattern of senescence, it is unresolved that why dysfunctional mitochondria is the core of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Redox impairment and SASP-related disease development are generally together with weaken immunity. Impaired mitochondrial redox integrity and its ineffectiveness in immunity control render elders to be more prone to age-related diseases. As senotherapeutic agents, senolytics remove senescent cells whilst senomorphics/senostatics inhibits the secretion of SASP. Senotherapeutics and the novel approaches for ameliorating SASP-related unfavorable effects are recently thought to be promising ways as mitochondria-targeted gerotherapeutic options.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kolosova NG, Kozhevnikova OS, Muraleva NA, Rudnitskaya EA, Rumyantseva YV, Stefanova NA, Telegina DV, Tyumentsev MA, Fursova AZ. SkQ1 as a Tool for Controlling Accelerated Senescence Program: Experiments with OXYS Rats. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:1552-1562. [PMID: 36717446 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922120124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
According to the concept suggested by V. P. Skulachev and co-authors, aging of living organisms can be considered as a special case of programmed death of an organism - phenoptosis, and mitochondrial antioxidant SkQ1 is capable of inhibiting both acute and chronic phenoptosis (aging). The authors of the concept associate effects of SkQ1 with suppression of the enhanced generation of ROS in mitochondria. Numerous studies have confirmed the ability of SkQ1 to inhibit manifestations of the "healthy", or physiological, aging. According to the results of our studies, SkQ1 is especially effective in suppressing the program of genetically determined accelerated senescence in OXYS rats, which appears as an early development of a complex of age-related diseases: cataracts, retinopathy (similar to the age-related macular degeneration in humans), osteoporosis, and signs of Alzheimer's disease. Accelerated senescence in OXYS rats is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, but no direct associations with oxidative stress have been identified. Nevertheless, SkQ1 is able to prevent and/or suppress development of all manifestations of accelerated senescence in OXYS rats. Its effects are due to impact on the activity of many signaling pathways and processes, but first of all they are associated with restoration of the structural and functional parameters of mitochondria. It could be suggested that the use of SkQ1 could represent a promising strategy in prevention of accelerated phenoptosis - early development of a complex of age-related diseases (multimorbidity) in people predisposed to it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya G Kolosova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Oyuna S Kozhevnikova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Natalia A Muraleva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Rudnitskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Yuliya V Rumyantseva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Natalia A Stefanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Darya V Telegina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Tyumentsev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Anzhella Zh Fursova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Effect of a single vectored thermal pulsation treatment of Meibomian gland dysfunction patients under controlled environmental conditions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16761. [PMID: 36202938 PMCID: PMC9537290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the prophylactic effect of LipiFlow treatment in Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) patients exposed to an adverse environmental humidity. MGD patients were exposed to normal (23 °C; 50% relative humidity; 30 min) and adverse (23 °C; 10% relative humidity; 2 h) controlled environments consecutively during baseline and follow-up visits (3, 6, and 12 months) after a single LipiFlow treatment. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), lipid layer thickness (LLT), fluorescein tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal and conjunctival staining, change in dry eye symptoms questionnaire (CDES-Q), and Meibomian gland yielding liquid secretion (MGYLS), were assessed. Linear mixed-effects and cumulative logit mixed models were fitted to assess the effect of the LipiFlow treatment over time and within the controlled environments. Seventeen females and 4 males (59.6 ± 9.4 years) completed the study. LLT and TBUT did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) after LipiFlow treatment. OSDI, corneal and conjunctival staining, and MGYLS scores were improved (p ≤ 0.01) 12 months after treatment. After the adverse exposure, corneal staining increased at all visits (p = 0.01), and there was no significant improvement in CDES-Q scores after LipiFlow treatment (p ≥ 0.07). One LipiFlow treatment improved objective and subjective outcomes in MGD disease for at least one year. Further studies are needed to support that LipiFlow might also help as an adjuvant to avoid acute flares against an adverse environmental humidity.
Collapse
|
15
|
Dai L, Lu L, Zhang X, Wu J, Li J, Lin Z. Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of the DNA repair proteins RuvAB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 73:117022. [PMID: 36155320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Holliday junction (HJ) branch migrator RuvAB complex plays a fundamental role during homologous recombination and DNA damage repair, and therefore, is an attractive target for the treatment of bacterial pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa, Pa) is one of the most common clinical opportunistic bacterial pathogens, which can cause a series of life-threatening acute or chronic infections. Here, we performed a high throughput small-molecule screening targeting PaRuvAB using the FRET-based HJ branch migration assay. We identified that corilagin, bardoxolone methyl (BM) and 10-(6'-plastoquinonyl) decyltriphenylphosphonium (SKQ1) could efficiently inhibit the branch migration activity of PaRuvAB, with IC50 values of 0.40 ± 0.04 μM, 0.38 ± 0.05 μM and 4.64 ± 0.27 μM, respectively. Further biochemical and molecular docking analyses demonstrated that corilagin directly bound to PaRuvB at the ATPase domain, and thus prevented ATP hydrolysis. In contrast, BM and SKQ1 acted through blocking the interactions between PaRuvA and HJ DNA. Finally, these compounds were shown to increase the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to UV-C irradiation. Our work, for the first time, reports the small-molecule inhibitors of RuvA and RuvB from any species, providing valuable chemical tools to dissect the functional role of each individual protein in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Dai
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Lian Lu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Juhong Wu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhonghui Lin
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Placebo administration for dry eye disease: a level I evidence based systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pharm 2022; 44:1087-1101. [PMID: 35939178 PMCID: PMC9618542 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-022-01439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background The efficacy of various common treatment options for dry eye disease (DED) has been investigated against placebo. However, the potential beneficial effect of placebo in the management of DED is still unclear. Aim This meta-analysis investigated the impact of placebo administration in DED in Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Schirmer I test (SIT), tear breakup time (TBUT), corneal staining, and complications. Method This meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted according to the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. In March 2022, Pubmed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Embase were accessed. All the randomised clinical trials which investigated any active treatment against a placebo control group were considered. The following data were extracted at baseline and at last follow-up: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear breakup time test (TBUT), Schirmer I test (SIT), corneal staining. Results Data from 56 studies (12,205 patients) were retrieved. Placebo administration is not effective in improving TBUT (P = 0.3), OSDI (P = 0.2), SIT (P = 0.1) and corneal staining (P = 0.1) from baseline to last follow-up. Active treatment led to a higher TBUT and SIT compared to placebo administration (P < 0.0001). The active treatment resulted in a lower OSDI compared to placebo administration (P = 0.0005). Five studies reported data on the corneal staining. No difference was found between placebo administration and active treatment (P = 0.8). Conclusion Placebo administration does not impact symptoms of DED and can be successfully employed to evaluate the efficacy of active treatments. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11096-022-01439-y.
Collapse
|
17
|
Atayik MC, Çakatay U. Mitochondria-targeted senotherapeutic interventions. Biogerontology 2022; 23:401-423. [PMID: 35781579 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Healthy aging is the art of balancing a delicate scale. On one side of the scale, there are the factors that make life difficult with aging, and on the other side are the products of human effort against these factors. The most important factors that make the life difficult with aging are age-related disorders. Developing senotherapeutic strategies may bring effective solutions for the sufferers of age-related disorders. Mitochondrial dysfunction comes first in elucidating the pathogenesis of age-related disorders and presenting appropriate treatment options. Although it has been widely accepted that mitochondrial dysfunction is a common characteristic of cellular senescence, it still remains unclear why dysfunctional mitochondria occupy a central position in the development senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) related to age-related disorders. Mitochondrial dysfunction and SASP-related disease progression are closely interlinked to weaken immunity which is a common phenomenon in aging. A group of substances known as senotherapeutics targeted to senescent cells can be classified into two main groups: senolytics (kill senescent cells) and senomorphics/senostatics (suppress their SASP secretions) in order to extend health lifespan and potentially lifespan. As mitochondria are also closely related to the survival of senescent cells, using either mitochondria-targeted senolytic or redox modulator senomorphic strategies may help us to solve the complex problems with the detrimental consequences of cellular senescence. Killing of senescent cells and/or ameliorate their SASP-related negative effects are currently considered to be effective mitochondria-directed gerotherapeutic approaches for fighting against age-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Can Atayik
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Medical Program, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Çakatay
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ayer A, Fazakerley DJ, James DE, Stocker R. The role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in insulin resistance. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:339-362. [PMID: 34775001 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is one of the earliest pathological features of a suite of diseases including type 2 diabetes collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. There is a growing body of evidence from both pre-clinical studies and human cohorts indicating that reactive oxygen species, such as the superoxide radical anion and hydrogen peroxide are key players in the development of insulin resistance. Here we review the evidence linking mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generated within mitochondria with insulin resistance in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, two major insulin sensitive tissues. We outline the relevant mitochondria-derived reactive species, how the mitochondrial redox state is regulated, and methodologies available to measure mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Importantly, we highlight key experimental issues to be considered when studying the role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in insulin resistance. Evaluating the available literature on both mitochondrial reactive oxygen species/redox state and insulin resistance in a variety of biological systems, we conclude that the weight of evidence suggests a likely role for mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in the etiology of insulin resistance in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. However, major limitations in the methods used to study reactive oxygen species in insulin resistance as well as the lack of data linking mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and cytosolic insulin signaling pathways are significant obstacles in proving the mechanistic link between these two processes. We provide a framework to guide future studies to provide stronger mechanistic information on the link between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and insulin resistance as understanding the source, localization, nature, and quantity of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, their targets and downstream signaling pathways may pave the way for important new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ayer
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Heher P, Ganassi M, Weidinger A, Engquist EN, Pruller J, Nguyen TH, Tassin A, Declèves AE, Mamchaoui K, Grillari J, Kozlov AV, Zammit PS. Interplay between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress and hypoxic adaptation in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: Metabolic stress as potential therapeutic target. Redox Biol 2022; 51:102251. [PMID: 35248827 PMCID: PMC8899416 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is characterised by descending skeletal muscle weakness and wasting. FSHD is caused by mis-expression of the transcription factor DUX4, which is linked to oxidative stress, a condition especially detrimental to skeletal muscle with its high metabolic activity and energy demands. Oxidative damage characterises FSHD and recent work suggests metabolic dysfunction and perturbed hypoxia signalling as novel pathomechanisms. However, redox biology of FSHD remains poorly understood, and integrating the complex dynamics of DUX4-induced metabolic changes is lacking. Here we pinpoint the kinetic involvement of altered mitochondrial ROS metabolism and impaired mitochondrial function in aetiology of oxidative stress in FSHD. Transcriptomic analysis in FSHD muscle biopsies reveals strong enrichment for pathways involved in mitochondrial complex I assembly, nitrogen metabolism, oxidative stress response and hypoxia signalling. We found elevated mitochondrial ROS (mitoROS) levels correlate with increases in steady-state mitochondrial membrane potential in FSHD myogenic cells. DUX4 triggers mitochondrial membrane polarisation prior to oxidative stress generation and apoptosis through mitoROS, and affects mitochondrial health through lipid peroxidation. We identify complex I as the primary target for DUX4-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, with strong correlation between complex I-linked respiration and cellular oxygenation/hypoxia signalling activity in environmental hypoxia. Thus, FSHD myogenesis is uniquely susceptible to hypoxia-induced oxidative stress as a consequence of metabolic mis-adaptation. Importantly, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants rescue FSHD pathology more effectively than conventional antioxidants, highlighting the central involvement of disturbed mitochondrial ROS metabolism. This work provides a pathomechanistic model by which DUX4-induced changes in oxidative metabolism impair muscle function in FSHD, amplified when metabolic adaptation to varying O2 tension is required. Transcriptomics data from FSHD muscle indicates enrichment for disturbed mitochondrial pathways. Disturbed mitochondrial ROS metabolism correlates with mitochondrial membrane polarisation and myotube hypotrophy. DUX4-induced changes in mitochondrial function precede mitoROS generation and affect hypoxia signalling via complex I. FSHD is sensitive to environmental hypoxia, which increases ROS levels in FSHD myotubes. Hypotrophy in hypoxic FSHD myotubes is efficiently rescued with mitochondria-targeted antioxidants.
Collapse
|
20
|
Sacks B, Onal H, Martorana R, Sehgal A, Harvey A, Wastella C, Ahmad H, Ross E, Pjetergjoka A, Prasad S, Barsotti R, Young LH, Chen Q. Mitochondrial targeted antioxidants, mitoquinone and SKQ1, not vitamin C, mitigate doxorubicin-induced damage in H9c2 myoblast: pretreatment vs. co-treatment. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 22:49. [PMID: 34530934 PMCID: PMC8447656 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-021-00518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preconditioning of the heart ameliorates doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiotoxicity. We tested whether pretreating cardiomyocytes by mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants, mitoquinone (MitoQ) or SKQ1, would provide better protection against Dox than co-treatment. METHODS We investigated the dose-response relationship of MitoQ, SKQ1, and vitamin C on Dox-induced damage on H9c2 cardiomyoblasts when drugs were given concurrently with Dox (e.g., co-treatment) or 24 h prior to Dox (e.g., pretreatment). Moreover, their effects on intracellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress were evaluated by 2,7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate and MitoSOX, respectively. RESULTS Dox (0.5-50 μM, n = 6) dose-dependently reduced cell viability. By contrast, co-treatment of MitoQ (0.05-10 μM, n = 6) and SKQ1 (0.05-10 μM, n = 6), but not vitamin C (1-2000 μM, n = 3), significantly improved cell viability only at intermediate doses (0.5-1 μM). MitoQ (1 μM) and SKQ1 (1 μM) significantly increased cell viability to 1.79 ± 0.12 and 1.59 ± 0.08 relative to Dox alone, respectively (both p < 0.05). Interestingly, when given as pretreatment, only higher doses of MitoQ (2.5 μM, n = 9) and SKQ1 (5 μM, n = 7) showed maximal protection and improved cell viability to 2.19 ± 0.13 and 1.65 ± 0.07 relative to Dox alone, respectively (both p < 0.01), which was better than that of co-treatment. Moreover, the protective effects were attributed to the significant reduction in Dox-induced intracellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress. CONCLUSION The data suggest that MitoQ and SKQ1, but not vitamin C, mitigated DOX-induced damage. Moreover, MitoQ pretreatment showed significantly higher cardioprotection than its co-treatment and SKQ1, which may be due to its better antioxidant effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Sacks
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Halil Onal
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Rose Martorana
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Amogh Sehgal
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Amanda Harvey
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Catherine Wastella
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Hafsa Ahmad
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Erin Ross
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Adona Pjetergjoka
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Sachin Prasad
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Robert Barsotti
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Lindon H Young
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ghosh AK, Thapa R, Hariani HN, Volyanyuk M, Ogle SD, Orloff KA, Ankireddy S, Lai K, Žiniauskaitė A, Stubbs EB, Kalesnykas G, Hakkarainen JJ, Langert KA, Kaja S. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles Encapsulating the Prenylated Flavonoid, Xanthohumol, Protect Corneal Epithelial Cells from Dry Eye Disease-Associated Oxidative Stress. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1362. [PMID: 34575438 PMCID: PMC8471707 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a known contributor to the progression of dry eye disease pathophysiology, and previous studies have shown that antioxidant intervention is a promising therapeutic approach to reduce the disease burden and slow disease progression. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacological efficacy of the naturally occurring prenylated chalconoid, xanthohumol, in preclinical models for dry eye disease. Xanthohumol acts by promoting the transcription of phase II antioxidant enzymes. In this study, xanthohumol prevented tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced loss of cell viability in human corneal epithelial (HCE-T) cells in a dose-dependent manner and resulted in a significant increase in expression of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the master regulator of phase II endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Xanthohumol-encapsulating poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NP) were cytoprotective against oxidative stress in vitro, and significantly reduced ocular surface damage and oxidative stress-associated DNA damage in corneal epithelial cells in the mouse desiccating stress/scopolamine model for dry eye disease in vivo. PLGA NP represent a safe and efficacious drug delivery vehicle for hydrophobic small molecules to the ocular surface. Optimization of NP-based antioxidant formulations with the goal to minimize instillation frequency may represent future therapeutic options for dry eye disease and related ocular surface disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kirti Ghosh
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Campus, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
- Visual Neurobiology and Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (H.N.H.); (S.D.O.)
- Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA; ; (K.A.L.)
| | - Rubina Thapa
- Research & Development Division, Experimentica Ltd., 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.T.); (A.Ž.); (J.J.H.)
| | - Harsh Nilesh Hariani
- Visual Neurobiology and Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (H.N.H.); (S.D.O.)
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Health Sciences Campus, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
| | - Michael Volyanyuk
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Health Sciences Campus, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
| | - Sean David Ogle
- Visual Neurobiology and Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (H.N.H.); (S.D.O.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (K.A.O.); (S.A.); (K.L.)
| | - Karoline Anne Orloff
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (K.A.O.); (S.A.); (K.L.)
| | - Samatha Ankireddy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (K.A.O.); (S.A.); (K.L.)
| | - Karen Lai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (K.A.O.); (S.A.); (K.L.)
| | - Agnė Žiniauskaitė
- Research & Development Division, Experimentica Ltd., 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.T.); (A.Ž.); (J.J.H.)
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Evan Benjamin Stubbs
- Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA; ; (K.A.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Giedrius Kalesnykas
- Research & Development Division, UAB Experimentica, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Jenni Johanna Hakkarainen
- Research & Development Division, Experimentica Ltd., 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.T.); (A.Ž.); (J.J.H.)
| | - Kelly Ann Langert
- Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA; ; (K.A.L.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (K.A.O.); (S.A.); (K.L.)
| | - Simon Kaja
- Visual Neurobiology and Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (H.N.H.); (S.D.O.)
- Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA; ; (K.A.L.)
- Research & Development Division, Experimentica Ltd., 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.T.); (A.Ž.); (J.J.H.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (K.A.O.); (S.A.); (K.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Starr CE, Dana R, Pflugfelder SC, Holland EJ, Zhang S, Owen D, Brazzell K. Dry eye disease flares: A rapid evidence assessment. Ocul Surf 2021; 22:51-59. [PMID: 34303844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Characteristics of periodic flares of dry eye disease (DED) are not well understood. We conducted a rapid evidence assessment to identify evidence for and characteristics of DED flares. METHODS Literature searches were performed in Embase® via Ovid®, MEDLINE®, and PubMed®. Clinical trials and observational studies published 2009-2019 were included if they investigated patients aged ≥18 years with clinically diagnosed DED who experienced a flare, defined as a temporary or transient episode of increased ocular discomfort, typically lasting days to a few weeks. Triggers of flares, patient-reported outcomes (symptoms), clinician-measured outcomes (signs), and changes in tear molecules were captured. RESULTS Twenty-one publications that included 22 studies met inclusion criteria. Five observational studies described evidence of DED flares in daily life, 5 studies reported changes following cataract/refractive surgery in patients with preoperative DED, and 12 studies employed controlled environment (CE) models. Real-world triggers of DED flares included air conditioning, wind, reading, low humidity, watching television, and pollution. CE chambers (dry, moving air) and surgery also triggered DED flares. Exacerbations of symptoms and signs of DED, assessed through varied measures, were reported during flares. Across studies, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and interleukin-6 increased and epidermal growth factor decreased during DED flares. CONCLUSIONS Evidence from 22 studies identified triggers and characteristics of DED flares. Further research is needed to assist clinicians in early diagnosis and treatment of patients experiencing flares.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Starr
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Reza Dana
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen C Pflugfelder
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Edward J Holland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Eye Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ji MH, Kreymerman A, Belle K, Ghiam BK, Muscat SR, Mahajan VB, Enns GM, Mercola M, Wood EH. The Present and Future of Mitochondrial-Based Therapeutics for Eye Disease. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:4. [PMID: 34232272 PMCID: PMC8267180 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.8.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational Relevance Mitochondria are viable therapeutic targets for a broad spectrum of ocular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco H Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Kreymerman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kinsley Belle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin K Ghiam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie R Muscat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Vinit B Mahajan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Gregory M Enns
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mark Mercola
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Edward H Wood
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Huang Y, Wang T, Tan Q, He D, Wu M, Fan J, Yang J, Zhong C, Li K, Zhang J. Smart Stimuli-Responsive and Mitochondria Targeting Delivery in Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4117-4146. [PMID: 34163163 PMCID: PMC8214531 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s315368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction in the mitochondria (Mc) contributes to tumor progression. It is a major challenge to deliver therapeutic agents specifically to the Mc for precise treatment. Smart drug delivery systems are based on stimuli-responsiveness and active targeting. Here, we give a whole list of documented pathways to achieve smart stimuli-responsive (St-) and Mc-targeted DDSs (St-Mc-DDSs) by combining St and Mc targeting strategies. We present the formulations, targeting characteristics of St-Mc-DDSs and clarify their anti-cancer mechanisms as well as improvement in efficacy and safety. St-Mc-DDSs usually not only have Mc-targeting groups, molecules (lipophilic cations, peptides, and aptamers) or materials but also sense the surrounding environment and correspondingly respond to internal biostimulators such as pH, redox changes, enzyme and glucose, and/or externally applied triggers such as light, magnet, temperature and ultrasound. St-Mc-DDSs exquisitely control the action site, increase therapeutic efficacy and decrease side effects of the drug. We summarize the clinical research progress and propose suggestions for follow-up research. St-Mc-DDSs may be an innovative and sensitive precision medicine for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Huang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunyou Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, PLA, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan He
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Wu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchuan Fan
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cailing Zhong
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kailing Li
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqing Zhang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Qu M, Wan L, Dong M, Wang Y, Xie L, Zhou Q. Hyperglycemia-induced severe mitochondrial bioenergetic deficit of lacrimal gland contributes to the early onset of dry eye in diabetic mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:313-323. [PMID: 33705960 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dry eye and diabetic keratopathy represent the major diabetic complications in ocular surface. Here we found that diabetic mice exhibited the early onset of reduced tear secretion and lacrimal gland weight compared to the symptoms of diabetic keratopathy. Considering to the high bioenergetic needs in lacrimal gland and cornea, we hypothesized that hyperglycemia may cause different severity of mitochondrial bioenergetic deficit between them. Through the measurement of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and basal extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), we found the apparent alterations of mitochondrial bioenergetic profiles in diabetic lacrimal gland and cornea, accompanied with the mtDNA damage and copy number reduction, as well as the reduced glutathione content. Comparative analysis revealed that mouse lacrimal gland cells exhibited 2-3 folds higher of basal, ATP production, maximal OCR and basal ECAR than corneal epithelial cells in normoglycemia. However, the differences were slightly significant or even not detected in hyperglycemia. Accordingly, the mitochondrial bioenergetic metabolism of lacrimal gland was more compromised than that of corneal epithelium in diabetic mice. Through the administration of mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant SkQ1, the severity of dry eye and diabetic keratopathy was significantly attenuated with the improved mitochondrial function. These results indicate that the susceptibility of mitochondrial bioenergetic deficit in diabetic lacrimal gland may contribute to the early onset of dry eye, while mitochondria-targeted antioxidant possesses therapeutic potential for diabetic dry eye and keratopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Qu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Wan
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Muchen Dong
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yidi Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lixin Xie
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China; Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Coenzyme Q 10 Analogues: Benefits and Challenges for Therapeutics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020236. [PMID: 33557229 PMCID: PMC7913973 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 or ubiquinone) is a mobile proton and electron carrier of the mitochondrial respiratory chain with antioxidant properties widely used as an antiaging health supplement and to relieve the symptoms of many pathological conditions associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Even though the hegemony of CoQ10 in the context of antioxidant-based treatments is undeniable, the future primacy of this quinone is hindered by the promising features of its numerous analogues. Despite the unimpeachable performance of CoQ10 therapies, problems associated with their administration and intraorganismal delivery has led clinicians and scientists to search for alternative derivative molecules. Over the past few years, a wide variety of CoQ10 analogues with improved properties have been developed. These analogues conserve the antioxidant features of CoQ10 but present upgraded characteristics such as water solubility or enhanced mitochondrial accumulation. Moreover, recent studies have proven that some of these analogues might even outperform CoQ10 in the treatment of certain specific diseases. The aim of this review is to provide detailed information about these Coenzyme Q10 analogues, as well as their functionality and medical applications.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is among the most common reasons for visiting eye care practitioners and represents a substantial health and cost burden. Disease prevalence ranges from 5% to 33% and is increasing in the younger population. The core mechanism of DED involves a vicious cycle where hyperosmolarity leads to an inflammatory cascade resulting in ocular surface damage. No cure is available for DED, and patients require ongoing disease management. Over-the-counter medications can provide temporary symptom relief but do not tackle the inflammatory pathophysiology of DED. A number of medications with anti-inflammatory activity are available, but there is a need for development of pharmacotherapies with novel delivery methods and targets to widen the variety of treatment options. This review discusses current anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapies approved in the United States and Europe for DED and highlights novel drugs that have been recently approved or are in development.
Collapse
|
28
|
Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants: A Step towards Disease Treatment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8837893. [PMID: 33354280 PMCID: PMC7735836 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8837893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main organelles that produce adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in eukaryotic cells and meanwhile susceptible to oxidative damage. The irreversible oxidative damage in mitochondria has been implicated in various human diseases. Increasing evidence indicates the therapeutic potential of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (MTAs) for oxidative damage-associated diseases. In this article, we introduce the advantageous properties of MTAs compared with the conventional (nontargeted) ones, review different mitochondria-targeted delivery systems and antioxidants, and summarize their experimental results for various disease treatments in different animal models and clinical trials. The combined evidence demonstrates that mitochondrial redox homeostasis is a potential target for disease treatment. Meanwhile, the limitations and prospects for exploiting MTAs are discussed, which might pave ways for further trial design and drug development.
Collapse
|
29
|
Brand MD. Riding the tiger - physiological and pathological effects of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generated in the mitochondrial matrix. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:592-661. [PMID: 33148057 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1828258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elevated mitochondrial matrix superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide concentrations drive a wide range of physiological responses and pathologies. Concentrations of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the mitochondrial matrix are set mainly by rates of production, the activities of superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) and peroxiredoxin-3 (PRDX3), and by diffusion of hydrogen peroxide to the cytosol. These considerations can be used to generate criteria for assessing whether changes in matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide are both necessary and sufficient to drive redox signaling and pathology: is a phenotype affected by suppressing superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production; by manipulating the levels of SOD2, PRDX3 or mitochondria-targeted catalase; and by adding mitochondria-targeted SOD/catalase mimetics or mitochondria-targeted antioxidants? Is the pathology associated with variants in SOD2 and PRDX3 genes? Filtering the large literature on mitochondrial redox signaling using these criteria highlights considerable evidence that mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide drive physiological responses involved in cellular stress management, including apoptosis, autophagy, propagation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, cellular senescence, HIF1α signaling, and immune responses. They also affect cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and the cell cycle. Filtering the huge literature on pathologies highlights strong experimental evidence that 30-40 pathologies may be driven by mitochondrial matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. These can be grouped into overlapping and interacting categories: metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neurological diseases; cancer; ischemia/reperfusion injury; aging and its diseases; external insults, and genetic diseases. Understanding the involvement of mitochondrial matrix superoxide and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in these diseases can facilitate the rational development of appropriate therapies.
Collapse
|
30
|
Lee D, Jo MG, Kim SY, Chung CG, Lee SB. Dietary Antioxidants and the Mitochondrial Quality Control: Their Potential Roles in Parkinson's Disease Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111056. [PMID: 33126703 PMCID: PMC7692176 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in medicine and dietary standards over recent decades have remarkably increased human life expectancy. Unfortunately, the chance of developing age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), increases with increased life expectancy. High metabolic demands of neurons are met by mitochondria, damage of which is thought to contribute to the development of many NDDs including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mitochondrial damage is closely associated with the abnormal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are widely known to be toxic in various cellular environments, including NDD contexts. Thus, ways to prevent or slow mitochondrial dysfunction are needed for the treatment of these NDDs. In this review, we first detail how ROS are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and review the cellular mechanisms, such as the mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system, by which neurons defend against both abnormal production of ROS and the subsequent accumulation of damaged mitochondria. We next highlight previous studies that link mitochondrial dysfunction with PD and how dietary antioxidants might provide reinforcement of the MQC system. Finally, we discuss how aging plays a role in mitochondrial dysfunction and PD before considering how healthy aging through proper diet and exercise may be salutary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davin Lee
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Min Gu Jo
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Kim
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Chang Geon Chung
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.G.C.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.G.C.); (S.B.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jiang GJ, Fan TJ. Novel techniques to prevent apoptosis and improve regeneration in corneal endothelial cells. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2020.1794821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jian Jiang
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ting-Jun Fan
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yan J, Jiang J, He L, Chen L. Mitochondrial superoxide/hydrogen peroxide: An emerging therapeutic target for metabolic diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:33-42. [PMID: 32160947 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are well known for their roles as energy and metabolic factory. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) refer to superoxide anion radical (•O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). They are byproducts of electron transport in mitochondrial respiratory chain and are implicated in the regulation of physiological and pathological signal transduction. Especially when mitochondrial •O2-/H2O2 production is disturbed, this disturbance is closely related to the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases. In this review, the sources of mitochondrial •O2-/H2O2 as well as mitochondrial antioxidant mechanisms are summarized. Furthermore, we particularly emphasize the essential role of mitochondrial •O2-/H2O2 in metabolic diseases. Specifically, perturbed mitochondrial •O2-/H2O2 regulation aggravates the progression of metabolic diseases, including diabetes, gout and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Given the deleterious effect of mitochondrial •O2-/H2O2 in the development of metabolic diseases, antioxidants targeting mitochondrial •O2-/H2O2 might be an attractive therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Yan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Jinyong Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pattar GR, Jerkins G, Evans DG, Torkildsen GL, Ousler GW, Hollander DA, Holdbrook M, Senchyna M. Symptom improvement in dry eye subjects following intranasal tear neurostimulation: Results of two studies utilizing a controlled adverse environment. Ocul Surf 2020; 18:249-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
34
|
Zinovkin RA, Zamyatnin AA. Mitochondria-Targeted Drugs. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2020; 12:202-214. [PMID: 30479224 PMCID: PMC6875871 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666181127151059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Targeting of drugs to the subcellular compartments represents one of the modern trends in molecular pharmacology. The approach for targeting mitochondria was developed nearly 50 years ago, but only in the last decade has it started to become widely used for delivering drugs. A number of pathologies are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, including cardiovascular, neurological, inflammatory and metabolic conditions. Objective: This mini-review aims to highlight the role of mitochondria in pathophysiological conditions and diseases, to classify and summarize our knowledge about targeting mitochondria and to review the most important preclinical and clinical data relating to the antioxidant lipophilic cations MitoQ and SkQ1. Methods: This is a review of available information in the PubMed and Clinical Trials databases (US National Library of Medicine) with no limiting period. Results and Conclusion: Mitochondria play an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases and possibly in aging. Both MitoQ and SkQ1 have shown many beneficial features in animal models and in a few completed clinical trials. More clinical trials and research efforts are needed to understand the signaling pathways influenced by these compounds. The antioxidant lipophilic cations have great potential for the treatment of a wide range of pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman A Zinovkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Mitoengineering, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang JY, Li JQ, Xiao YM, Fu B, Qin ZH. Triphenylphosphonium (TPP)-Based Antioxidants: A New Perspective on Antioxidant Design. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:404-410. [PMID: 32020724 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative damage and dysfunction contribute to a wide range of human diseases. Considering the limitation of conventional antioxidants and that mitochondria are the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which induce oxidative damage, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants which can selectively block mitochondrial oxidative damage and prevent various types of cell death have been widely developed. As a lipophilic cation, triphenylphosphonium (TPP) has been commonly used in designing mitochondria-targeted antioxidants. Conjugated with the TPP moiety, antioxidants can achieve more than 1000-fold higher mitochondrial concentration depending on cell membrane potentials and mitochondrial membrane potentials. Herein we discuss the deficiencies of conventional antioxidants and the advantages of mitochondrial targeting, and review various types of TPP-based mitochondria-targeted antioxidants. These provide theoretical and background support for the design of new anti-oxidant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Y Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Science, China Agricultural University Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Jiaqi Q Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Science, China Agricultural University Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Yumei M Xiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Science, China Agricultural University Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Science, China Agricultural University Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Zhaohai H Qin
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Science, China Agricultural University Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Weissig V. Drug Development for the Therapy of Mitochondrial Diseases. Trends Mol Med 2019; 26:40-57. [PMID: 31727544 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogeneous group of inherited or acquired devastating disorders that affect the energy metabolism of the body. Many strategies have been investigated, but currently there is no FDA-approved drug that can alleviate disease symptoms or slow disease progression. This review analyzes to what extent growing knowledge over the past two decades about the etiology and pathogenesis of mitochondrial diseases is reflected in the design and development of new experimental drugs for the therapy of these disorders. All currently registered clinical trials involving new experimental drug entities are reviewed to evaluate how far away we are from the first FDA-approved drug therapy for mitochondrial disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volkmar Weissig
- Midwestern University College of Pharmacy at Glendale, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanocenter of Excellence, Glendale, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant SkQ1 for Gammopathy-Related Corneal Damage. Am J Ther 2019; 27:e309-e310. [PMID: 31356345 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
38
|
Holland EJ, Darvish M, Nichols KK, Jones L, Karpecki PM. Efficacy of topical ophthalmic drugs in the treatment of dry eye disease: A systematic literature review. Ocul Surf 2019; 17:412-423. [PMID: 30844466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial and complex disease of the ocular surface, with a high prevalence in adults. We systematically reviewed efficacy and safety data from published articles reporting results from prospective, controlled trials of topical ophthalmic drugs for DED. PubMed was searched for articles from January 1997 to October 2017. Twenty-six unique trials investigating 13 ophthalmic drugs were identified, including trials of the approved drugs cyclosporine A, cyclosporine A cationic emulsion, diquafosol, rebamipide and lifitegrast. All identified studies provided level 1 evidence. None of the large (N > 100) studies demonstrated statistical significance of primary endpoints for both a sign and a symptom endpoint versus a control treatment in the same published trial. Publications on lifitegrast reported statistical superiority in a symptom or sign endpoint versus the control group in a large (N > 200), multicenter trial, with results repeated in trials of similar design. The most common adverse events associated with the approved drugs related to ocular discomfort upon instillation, especially burning/stinging and ocular irritation. The trial design and endpoints used across the studies varied considerably, highlighting the importance of standardization in clinical trials for DED. Recent advances in drug delivery and improved understanding of DED should contribute to new ophthalmic drug approvals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelly K Nichols
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Optometry, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Žiniauskaitė A, Ragauskas S, Ghosh AK, Thapa R, Roessler AE, Koulen P, Kalesnykas G, Hakkarainen JJ, Kaja S. Manganese(III) tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, reduces disease severity in in vitro and in vivo models for dry-eye disease. Ocul Surf 2019; 17:257-264. [PMID: 30807830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the efficacy of the superoxide dismutase mimetic, manganese(III) tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (Mn-TM-2-PyP), in vitro in human corneal epithelial (HCE-T) cells and in vivo in a preclinical mouse model for dry-eye disease (DED). METHODS In vitro, HCE-T cultures were exposed either to tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP) to generate oxidative stress or to hyperosmolar conditions modeling cellular stress during DED. Cells were pre-treated with Mn-TM-2-PyP or vehicle. Mn-TM-2-PyP permeability across stratified HCE-T cells was assayed. In vivo, Mn-TM-2-PyP (0.1% w/v in saline) was delivered topically as eye drops in a desiccating stress/scopolamine model for DED. Preclinical efficacy was compared to untreated, vehicle- and ophthalmic cyclosporine emulsion-treated mice. RESULTS Mn-TM-2-PyP protected HCE-T cells in a dose-dependent manner against tBHP-induced oxidative stress as determined by calculating the IC50 for tBHP in the resazurin, MTT and lactate dehydrogenase release cell viability assays. Mn-TM-2-PyP did not protect HCE-T cells from hyperosmolar insult. Its permeability coefficient across a barrier of HCE-T cells was 1.1 ± 0.05 × 10-6 cm/s and the mass balance was 62 ± 0.6%. In vivo, topical dosing with Mn-TM-2-PyP resulted in a statistically significant reduction of corneal fluorescein staining, similar to ophthalmic cyclosporine emulsion. Furthermore, Mn-TM-2-PyP significantly reduced leukocyte infiltration into lacrimal glands and prevented degeneration of parenchymal tissue. No protective effect against loss of conjunctival goblet cells was observed. Notably, Mn-TM-2-PyP did not produce ocular toxicity when administered topically. DISCUSSION Our data suggest that Mn-TM-2-PyP, a prototypic synthetic metalloporphyrin compound with potent catalytic antioxidant activity, can improve signs of DED in vivo by reducing oxidative stress in corneal epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anita K Ghosh
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology and Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Peter Koulen
- Vision Research Center, Departments of Ophthalmology and Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Simon Kaja
- Experimentica Ltd., Kuopio, Finland; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology and Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; K&P Scientific LLC, Oak Park, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zernii EY, Gancharova OS, Tiulina VV, Zamyatnin AA, Philippov PP, Baksheeva VE, Senin II. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SKQ1 protects cornea from oxidative damage induced by ultraviolet irradiation and mechanical injury. BMC Ophthalmol 2018; 18:336. [PMID: 30587174 PMCID: PMC6307206 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-018-0996-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cornea protects the eye against natural and anthropogenic ultraviolet (UV) damage and mechanical injury. Corneal incisions produced by UV lasers in ophthalmic surgeries are often complicated by oxidative stress and inflammation, which delay wound healing and result in vision deterioration. This study trialed a novel approach to prevention and treatment of iatrogenic corneal injuries using SkQ1, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant approved for therapy of polyethiological dry eye disease. Methods Rabbit models of UV-induced and mechanical corneal damage were employed. The animals were premedicated or treated with conjunctival instillations of 7.5 μM SkQ1. Corneal damage was assessed by fluorescein staining and histological analysis. Oxidative stress in cornea was monitored by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) using thiobarbituric acid assay. Total antioxidant activity (AOA) was determined using hemoglobin/H2O2/luminol assay. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured using colorimetric assays. Results In both models corneas exhibited fluorescein-stained lesions, histologically manifesting as basal membrane denudation, apoptosis of keratocytes, and stromal edema, which were accompanied by oxidative stress as indicated by increase in lipid peroxidation and decline in AOA. The UV-induced lesions were more severe and long healing as corneal endothelium was involved and GPx and SOD were downregulated. The treatment inhibited loss of keratocytes and other cells, facilitated re-epithelialization and stromal remodeling, and reduced inflammatory infiltrations and edema thereby accelerating corneal healing approximately 2-fold. Meanwhile the premedication almost completely prevented development of UV-induced lesions. Both therapies reduced oxidative stress, but only premedication inhibited downregulation of the innate antioxidant activity of the cornea. Conclusions SkQ1 efficiently prevents UV-induced corneal damage and enhances corneal wound healing after UV and mechanical impacts common to ocular surgery. Its therapeutic action can be attributed to suppression of mitochondrial oxidative stress, which in the first case embraces all corneal cells including epitheliocytes, while in the second case affects residual endothelial cells and stromal keratocytes actively working in wound healing. We suggest SkQ1 premedication to be used in ocular surgery for preventing iatrogenic complications in the cornea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeni Yu Zernii
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia. .,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Olga S Gancharova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Veronika V Tiulina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Pavel P Philippov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Viktoriia E Baksheeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Ivan I Senin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wei Y, Troger A, Spahiu V, Perekhvatova N, Skulachev M, Petrov A, Chernyak B, Asbell P. The Role of SKQ1 (Visomitin) in Inflammation and Wound Healing of the Ocular Surface. Ophthalmol Ther 2018; 8:63-73. [PMID: 30565203 PMCID: PMC6393248 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-018-0158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction SkQ1 (Visomitin) is a novel mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant that holds promise in the treatment of inflammation associated with ocular surface diseases such as dry eye disease (DED) and corneal wounds. However, the specific role of SkQ1 in ocular surface epithelial tissue has yet to be explicated. The goal of this study is to identify roles of SkQ1 in conjunctival inflammation and corneal wound healing. Methods To determine the role of SkQ1 in inflammation, human conjunctival epithelial (HCjE) cell cultures were sensitized with pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) followed by treatments with SkQ1. The production of inflammatory biomarker prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cell viability were quantitatively evaluated. To determine the role of SkQ1 in wound healing, human corneal limbus epithelial (HCLE) cell cultures were streaked to create wounds. The wound closure times, ability to support single HCLE cell proliferation and changes of cell migration in the presence of SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), were further compared. Results The HCjE and HCLE cultures showed no apparent cytotoxicity to SkQ1 in concentrations up to 250 nM (HCjE) or 2500 nM (HCLE). The HCLE cultures showed no toxicity to SkQ1 at all the SkQ1 concentrations tested. SkQ1 significantly suppressed PGE2 production of HCjE at concentrations < 300 nM (24 h) and 50 nM (48 h), apparently being SkQ1 dose and treatment time dependent. The wound closure rates were increased by 4% in 4 h and by 9% after 8–12 h in the presence of 50 nM SkQ1. Furthermore, as little as 25 nM of SkQ1 significantly stimulated HCLE single-cell proliferation. Lastly, the SkQ1-stimulated wound healing was completely abolished by SB203580. Conclusion Results of the current study demonstrate that SkQ1 exhibits an anti-inflammatory role and can be safely applied to ocular surface epithelium up to a concentration of 300 nM (181 ng/ml) for 24 h. SkQ1 also significantly enhances corneal epithelial wound healing, likely through enhancement of cell proliferation and migration. The data provide solid support for SkQ1 as a promising new therapeutic strategy for treatment of conjunctival inflammation as well as corneal wounds. Funding This study was sponsored by Mitotech SA Pharmaceuticals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40123-018-0158-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Andrew Troger
- The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Viola Spahiu
- The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Boris Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Penny Asbell
- The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Platelet mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondria-targeted quinone-and hydroquinone-derivatives: Review on new strategy of antiplatelet activity. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:215-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
43
|
Bakeeva LE, Eldarov CM, Vangely IM, Kolosova NG, Vays VB. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 reduces age-related alterations in the ultrastructure of the lacrimal gland. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80208-80222. [PMID: 27852065 PMCID: PMC5348314 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome is an eye disorder affecting many people at an old age. Because dry eye syndrome is accelerated by aging, a useful approach to the prevention of this syndrome may be an intervention into the aging process. Previously, we showed that the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 delays manifestations of aging and inhibits the development of age-related diseases including dry eye syndrome. Nevertheless, the link between SkQ1's effects and its suppression of age-related changes in the lacrimal gland remains unclear. Here we demonstrated that dietary supplementation with SkQ1 (250 nmol/[kg body weight] daily) starting at age 1.5 months significantly alleviated the pathological changes in lacrimal glands of Wistar rats by age 24 months. By this age, lacrimal glands underwent dramatic deterioration of the ultrastructure that was indicative of irreversible disturbances in these glands' functioning. In contrast, in SkQ1-treated rats, the ultrastructure of the lacrimal gland was similar to that in much younger rats. Morphometric analysis of electron-microscopic specimens of lacrimal glands revealed the presence of numerous secretory granules in acinar cells and a significant increase in the number of operating intercalary ducts. Our results confirm that dietary supplementation with SkQ1 is a promising approach to healthy ageing and to prevention of aberrations in the lacrimal gland that underlie dry eye syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lora E Bakeeva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Chupalav M Eldarov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina M Vangely
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya G Kolosova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valeriya B Vays
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Calonge M, Labetoulle M, Messmer EM, Shah S, Akova YA, Boboridis KG, Merayo-Lloves J, Aragona P, Benítez-Del-Castillo J, Geerling G, Rolando M, Baudouin C. Controlled Adverse Environment Chambers in Dry Eye Research. Curr Eye Res 2018; 43:445-450. [PMID: 29336696 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2017.1420197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a common condition with signs and symptoms that vary depending on a wide range of environmental factors to which people are exposed in their daily lives. Factors such as variable temperature, airflow velocity, relative humidity, seasonality, and pollutants can alter the rate of tear film evaporation, improving or exacerbating symptoms of DED. Results from currently available clinical tests do not always correlate well with patient-reported symptoms, and the continually changing environment and variability in DED symptoms present challenges for the design and conduct of clinical trials. Controlled adverse environment chambers allow standardization of temperature, humidity, and airflow and may minimize potential confounding factors in clinical investigations. Their use can promote accurate study of the pathophysiology of DED, discovery of disease biomarkers, and assessment of the effect of various therapeutic approaches on patients' symptoms. Controlled adverse environment chambers have been used to simulate indoor surroundings such as airplane cabins and to test their effects on contact lens wearers. This review summarizes how these chambers may be useful for the development, approval, and differentiation of potential new treatments for DED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Calonge
- a Instituto Oftalmobiologia Aplicada (IOBA), University of Valladolid , Valladolid , Spain.,b CIBER-BBN , Valladolid , Spain
| | - Marc Labetoulle
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Bicêtre University Hospital , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre , France
| | - Elisabeth M Messmer
- d Department of Ophthalmology , Ludwig Maximilian University , Munich , Germany
| | - Sunil Shah
- e Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre , Birmingham City Hospital , Birmingham , UK
| | - Yonca A Akova
- f Department of Ophthalmology , Bayindir Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Kostas G Boboridis
- g Oculoplastic and Ocular Surface Disease , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- h Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, University of Oviedo , Oviedo , Spain
| | - Pasquale Aragona
- i Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | | | - Gerd Geerling
- k Department of Ophthalmology , University Hospital , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Maurizio Rolando
- l Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Genetics , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Skulachev MV, Skulachev VP. Programmed aging of mammals: Proof of concept and prospects of biochemical approaches for anti-aging therapy. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:1403-1422. [DOI: 10.1134/s000629791712001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
46
|
Chien KJ, Horng CT, Huang YS, Hsieh YH, Wang CJ, Yang JS, Lu CC, Chen FA. Effects of Lycium barbarum (goji berry) on dry eye disease in rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:809-818. [PMID: 29115477 PMCID: PMC5780158 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum (goji berry) has long been used as a food and traditional herbal medicine. This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effect of the goji berry on dry eye disease in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats with induced dry eye disease were randomly assigned to four groups: Vehicle (control), low-dose goji berry extract [GBE; 250 mg/kg/body weight (bw)], median-dose GBE (350 mg/kg/bw), and high-dose GBE (500 mg/kg/bw). Three methods, Schirmer's test, tear break-up time (BUT) measurement and keratoconjunctival fluorescein staining, were used to evaluate the effect of GBE on symptoms of dry eye disease experienced by the rats. The results of the present study revealed that both the Schirmer's test score and tear BUT significantly increased following 1 week of GBE administration. Furthermore, the severity of the keratoconjunctival staining decreased significantly. In addition, the results suggested that administration of GBE may ameliorate dry eye disease symptoms in a dose-dependent manner. There were no mortalities and no apparent abnormal histopathology changes in the liver or kidney tissues of rats administered GBE for 21 consecutive days. Polysaccharides and betaine present in GBE may have important effects in alleviating dry eye disease induced by oxidative stress and inflammation. In conclusion, the goji berry is a safe, functional food with beneficial effects in alleviating dry eye disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaung-Jen Chien
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Ting Horng
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Syuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shang Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shang Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-An Chen
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Rodriguez JD, Lane KJ, Ousler GW, Angjeli E, Smith LM, Abelson MB. Blink: Characteristics, Controls, and Relation to Dry Eyes. Curr Eye Res 2017; 43:52-66. [PMID: 29043838 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2017.1381270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Blink is a complex phenomenon that is profoundly affected by diverse endogenous and exogenous stimuli. It has been studied in the context of cognition, emotional, and psychological states, as an indicator of fatigue and sleepiness, particularly in the automobile and transportation industry, in visual tasking, and finally, as it relates to tear film stability and ocular surface health. The fact that it is highly variable and has input from so many sources makes it very difficult to study. In the present review, the behavior of blink in many of these systems is discussed, ultimately returning in each instance to a discussion of how these factors affect blink in the context of dry eyes. Blink is important to ocular surface health and to an individual's optimal functioning and quality of life. Disturbances in blink, as cause or effect, result in a breakdown of tear film stability, optical clarity, and visual function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark B Abelson
- a Ora, Inc , Andover , MA , USA.,b Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zernii EY, Gancharova OS, Baksheeva VE, Golovastova MO, Kabanova EI, Savchenko MS, Tiulina VV, Sotnikova LF, Zamyatnin AA, Philippov PP, Senin II. Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant SkQ1 Prevents Anesthesia-Induced Dry Eye Syndrome. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9281519. [PMID: 29158874 PMCID: PMC5660788 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9281519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome (DES) is an age-related condition increasingly detected in younger people of risk groups, including patients who underwent ocular surgery or long-term general anesthesia. Being a multifactorial disease, it is characterized by oxidative stress in the cornea and commonly complicated by ocular surface inflammation. Polyetiologic DES is responsive to SkQ1, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant suppressing age-related changes in the ocular tissues. Here, we demonstrate safety and efficacy of topical administration of SkQ1 at a dosage of 7.5 μM for the prevention of general anesthesia-induced DES in rabbits. The protective action of SkQ1 improves clinical state of the ocular surface by inhibiting apoptotic and prenecrotic changes in the corneal epithelium. The underlying mechanism involves the suppression of the oxidative stress supported by the stimulation of intrinsic antioxidant activity and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, foremost glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, in the cornea. Furthermore, SkQ1 increases antioxidant activity and stability of the tear film and produces anti-inflammatory effect exhibited as downregulation of TNF-α and IL-6 and pronounced upregulation of IL-10 in tears. Our data suggest novel features of SkQ1 and point to its feasibility in patients with DES and individuals at risk for the disease including those subjected to general anesthesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeni Yu. Zernii
- Department of Cell Signaling, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Olga S. Gancharova
- Department of Cell Signaling, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Viktoriia E. Baksheeva
- Department of Cell Signaling, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Marina O. Golovastova
- Department of Cell Signaling, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I. Kabanova
- Department of Cell Signaling, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Domestic, Laboratory and Exotic Animals, Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow 109472, Russia
| | - Marina S. Savchenko
- Department of Cell Signaling, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Veronika V. Tiulina
- Department of Cell Signaling, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Domestic, Laboratory and Exotic Animals, Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow 109472, Russia
| | - Larisa F. Sotnikova
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Domestic, Laboratory and Exotic Animals, Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow 109472, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Department of Cell Signaling, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Pavel P. Philippov
- Department of Cell Signaling, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Ivan I. Senin
- Department of Cell Signaling, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ousler GW, Rimmer D, Smith LM, Abelson MB. Use of the Controlled Adverse Environment (CAE) in Clinical Research: A Review. Ophthalmol Ther 2017; 6:263-276. [PMID: 28956287 PMCID: PMC5693827 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-017-0110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The many internal and external factors that contribute to the pathophysiology of dry eye disease (DED) create a difficult milieu for its study and complicate its clinical diagnosis and treatment. The controlled adverse environment (CAE®) model has been developed to minimize the variability that arises from exogenous factors and to exacerbate the signs and symptoms of DED by stressing the ocular surface in a safe, standardized, controlled, and reproducible manner. By integrating sensitive, specific, and clinically relevant endpoints, the CAE has proven to be a unique and adaptable model for both identifying study-specific patient populations with modifiable signs and symptoms, and for tailoring the evaluation of interventions in clinical research studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Rimmer
- Ora, Inc., 300 Brickstone Square, Andover, MA, 01810, USA
| | - Lisa M Smith
- Ora, Inc., 300 Brickstone Square, Andover, MA, 01810, USA.
| | - Mark B Abelson
- Ora, Inc., 300 Brickstone Square, Andover, MA, 01810, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Korshunova GA, Shishkina AV, Skulachev MV. Design, Synthesis, and Some Aspects of the Biological Activity of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:760-777. [PMID: 28918741 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917070021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes for the first time data on the design and synthesis of biologically active compounds of a new generation - mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, which are natural (or synthetic) p-benzoquinones conjugated via a lipophilic linker with (triphenyl)phosphonium or ammonium cations with delocalized charge. It also describes the synthesis of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants - uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation - based on fluorescent dyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A Korshunova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|