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Bakinowska E, Kiełbowski K, Boboryko D, Bratborska AW, Olejnik-Wojciechowska J, Rusiński M, Pawlik A. The Role of Stem Cells in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3901. [PMID: 38612710 PMCID: PMC11011548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and include several vascular and cardiac disorders, such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathies, and heart failure. Multiple treatment strategies exist for CVDs, but there is a need for regenerative treatment of damaged heart. Stem cells are a broad variety of cells with a great differentiation potential that have regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. Multiple studies have evaluated the efficacy of stem cells in CVDs, such as mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. These studies have demonstrated that stem cells can improve the left ventricle ejection fraction, reduce fibrosis, and decrease infarct size. Other studies have investigated potential methods to improve the survival, engraftment, and functionality of stem cells in the treatment of CVDs. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current evidence on the role of stem cells in the treatment of CVDs, and how to improve their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estera Bakinowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
| | - Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
| | - Dominika Boboryko
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Joanna Olejnik-Wojciechowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
| | - Marcin Rusiński
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
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Zhang X, Jiao Y, Shen T, Yu Y, Yu Z, Dang J, Chen L, Zhang Y, Shen G. Sulfated Chitosan Nanofibrous Scaffolds Seeded With Adipose Stem Cells Promote Ischemic Wound Healing in a Proangiogenic Strategy. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897241226847. [PMID: 38288604 PMCID: PMC10826405 DOI: 10.1177/09636897241226847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic wounds are chronic wounds with poor blood supply that delays wound reconstruction. To accelerate wound healing and promote angiogenesis, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are ideal seed cells for stem cell-based therapies. Nevertheless, providing a favorable environment for cell proliferation and metabolism poses a substantial challenge. A highly sulfated heparin-like polysaccharide 2-N, 6-O-sulfated chitosan (26SCS)-doped poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffold (S-PLGA) can be used due to their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and coagent 26SCS high affinity for growth factors. In this study, a nano-scaffold system, constructed from ADSCs seeded on electrospun fibers of modified PLGA, was designed to promote ischemic wound healing. The S-PLGA nanofiber membrane loaded with adipose stem cells ADSCs@S-PLGA was prepared by a co-culture in vitro, and the adhesion and compatibility of cells on the nano-scaffolds were explored. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the growth state and morphological changes of ADSCs after co-culture with PLGA electrospun fibers. The proliferation and apoptosis after co-culture were detected using a Cell Counting Kit-8 kit and flow cytometry, respectively. An ischemic wound model was then established, and we further studied the ability of ADSCs@S-PLGA to promote wound healing and angiogenesis. We successfully established ischemic wounds on the backs of rats and demonstrated that electrospun fibers combined with the biological effects of adipose stem cells effectively promoted wound healing and the growth of microvessels around the ischemic wounds. Phased research results can provide a theoretical and experimental basis for a new method for promoting clinical ischemic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Jiao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Shen
- State Key laboratory of bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanman Yu
- State Key laboratory of bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juanli Dang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guofang Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Maslovaric M, Fatic N, Delević E. State of the art of stem cell therapy for ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Part 2. ANGIOLOGII︠A︡ I SOSUDISTAI︠A︡ KHIRURGII︠A︡ = ANGIOLOGY AND VASCULAR SURGERY 2020; 25:7-26. [PMID: 31855197 DOI: 10.33529/angio2019414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic cardiomyopathy is becoming a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the whole world. Stem cell-based therapy is emerging as a promising option for treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Several stem cell types, including cardiac-derived stem cells, bone marrow-derived stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, skeletal myoblasts, CD34+ and CD133+ stem cells have been used in clinical trials. Clinical effects mostly depend on transdifferentiation and paracrine factors. One important issue is that a low survival and residential rate of transferred stem cells blocks the effective advances in cardiac improvement. Many other factors associated with the efficacy of cell replacement therapy for ischemic cardiomyopathy mainly including the route of delivery, the type and number of stem cell infusion, the timing of injection, patient's physical conditions, the particular microenvironment onto which the cells are delivered, and clinical conditions remain to be addressed. Here we provide an overview of modern methods of stem cell delivery, types of stem cells and discuss the current state of their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Maslovaric
- Prona-Montenegrin Science Promotion Foundation, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Nikola Fatic
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Emilija Delević
- Medical Faculty in Podgorica, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
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Gathier WA, van der Naald M, van Klarenbosch BR, Tuinenburg AE, Bemelmans JL, Neef K, Sluijter JP, van Slochteren FJ, Doevendans PA, Chamuleau SA. Lower retention after retrograde coronary venous infusion compared with intracoronary infusion of mesenchymal stromal cells in the infarcted porcine myocardium. BMJ OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 3:e000006. [PMID: 35047679 PMCID: PMC8647578 DOI: 10.1136/bmjos-2018-000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commonly used strategies for cell delivery to the heart are intramyocardial injection and intracoronary (IC) infusion, both having their advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, alternative strategies, such as retrograde coronary venous infusion (RCVI), are explored. The aim of this confirmatory study was to compare cardiac cell retention between RCVI and IC infusion. As a secondary end point, the procedural safety of RCVI is assessed. METHODS Four weeks after myocardial infarction, 12 pigs were randomised to receive mesenchymal stromal cells, labelled with Indium-111, via RCVI (n=6) or IC infusion (n=6). Four hours after cell administration, nuclear imaging was performed to determine the number of cells retained in the heart both in vivo and ex vivo. Procedure-related safety measures were reported. RESULTS Cardiac cell retention is significantly lower after RCVI compared with IC infusion (in vivo: RCVI: median 2.89% vs IC: median 13.74%, p=0.002, ex vivo: RCVI: median 2.55% vs IC: median 39.40%, p=0.002). RCVI led to development of pericardial fluid and haematomas on the frontal wall of the heart in three cases. Coronary venous dissection after RCVI was seen in three pigs, of which one also developed pericardial fluid and a haematoma. IC infusion led to no flow in one pig. CONCLUSION RCVI is significantly less efficient in delivering cells to the heart compared with IC infusion. RCVI led to more procedure-related safety issues than IC infusion, with multiple cases of venous dissection and development of haematomas and pericardial fluid collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter A Gathier
- Department of Cardiology, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mira van der Naald
- Department of Cardiology, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bas R van Klarenbosch
- Department of Cardiology, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anton E Tuinenburg
- Department of Cardiology, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - John Lm Bemelmans
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Klaus Neef
- Department of Cardiology, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joost Pg Sluijter
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- NL-HI (Dutch Heart Institute), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- NL-HI (Dutch Heart Institute), Utrecht, Netherlands
- Central Military Hospital, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Steven Aj Chamuleau
- Department of Cardiology, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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AlJaroudi WA, Lloyd SG, Hage FG. Multi-modality imaging: Bird's eye view from the 2017 American Heart Association Scientific Sessions. J Nucl Cardiol 2018; 25:678-684. [PMID: 29362982 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-1195-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes key imaging studies that were presented in the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2017 related to the fields of nuclear cardiology, cardiac computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and echocardiography. The aim of this bird's eye view is to inform readers about multiple studies reported at the meeting from these different imaging modalities. While such a review is most useful for those that did not attend the conference, we find that a general overview may also be useful to those that did since it is often difficult to get exposure to many abstracts at large meetings. The review, therefore, aims to help readers stay updated on the newest imaging studies presented at the meeting and will hopefully stimulate new ideas for future research in imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A AlJaroudi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Clemenceau Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Steven G Lloyd
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Lyons Harrison Research Building 306, 1900 University BLVD, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Section of Cardiology, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Fadi G Hage
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Lyons Harrison Research Building 306, 1900 University BLVD, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Section of Cardiology, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Dorobantu M, Popa-Fotea NM, Popa M, Rusu I, Micheu MM. Pursuing meaningful end-points for stem cell therapy assessment in ischemic cardiac disease. World J Stem Cells 2017; 9:203-218. [PMID: 29321822 PMCID: PMC5746641 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v9.i12.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite optimal interventional and medical therapy, ischemic heart disease is still an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although not included in standard of care rehabilitation, stem cell therapy (SCT) could be a solution for prompting cardiac regeneration. Multiple studies have been published from the beginning of SCT until now, but overall no unanimous conclusion could be drawn in part due to the lack of appropriate end-points. In order to appreciate the impact of SCT, multiple markers from different categories should be considered: Structural, biological, functional, physiological, but also major adverse cardiac events or quality of life. Imaging end-points are among the most used - especially left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) measured through different methods. Other imaging parameters are infarct size, myocardial viability and perfusion. The impact of SCT on all of the aforementioned end-points is controversial and debatable. 2D-echocardiography is widely exploited, but new approaches such as tissue Doppler, strain/strain rate or 3D-echocardiography are more accurate, especially since the latter one is comparable with the MRI gold standard estimation of LVEF. Apart from the objective parameters, there are also patient-centered evaluations to reveal the benefits of SCT, such as quality of life and performance status, the most valuable from the patient point of view. Emerging parameters investigating molecular pathways such as non-coding RNAs or inflammation cytokines have a high potential as prognostic factors. Due to the disadvantages of current techniques, new imaging methods with labelled cells tracked along their lifetime seem promising, but until now only pre-clinical trials have been conducted in humans. Overall, SCT is characterized by high heterogeneity not only in preparation, administration and type of cells, but also in quantification of therapy effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dorobantu
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest 014461, Romania
| | | | - Mihaela Popa
- Carol Davila, University of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Bucharest 020022, Romania
| | - Iulia Rusu
- Carol Davila, University of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Bucharest 020022, Romania
| | - Miruna Mihaela Micheu
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest 014461, Romania.
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Steinhoff G, Nesteruk J, Wolfien M, Große J, Ruch U, Vasudevan P, Müller P. Stem cells and heart disease - Brake or accelerator? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 120:2-24. [PMID: 29054357 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
After two decades of intensive research and attempts of clinical translation, stem cell based therapies for cardiac diseases are not getting closer to clinical success. This review tries to unravel the obstacles and focuses on underlying mechanisms as the target for regenerative therapies. At present, the principal outcome in clinical therapy does not reflect experimental evidence. It seems that the scientific obstacle is a lack of integration of knowledge from tissue repair and disease mechanisms. Recent insights from clinical trials delineate mechanisms of stem cell dysfunction and gene defects in repair mechanisms as cause of atherosclerosis and heart disease. These findings require a redirection of current practice of stem cell therapy and a reset using more detailed analysis of stem cell function interfering with disease mechanisms. To accelerate scientific development the authors suggest intensifying unified computational data analysis and shared data knowledge by using open-access data platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Steinhoff
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Julia Nesteruk
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Markus Wolfien
- University Rostock, Institute of Computer Science, Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Ulmenstraße 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Jana Große
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Ruch
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Praveen Vasudevan
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Paula Müller
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
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Wang Z, Wang L, Su X, Pu J, Jiang M, He B. Rational transplant timing and dose of mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:21. [PMID: 28129790 PMCID: PMC5273801 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are considered to have a modest benefit on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the optimal injection timing and dose needed to induce beneficial cardiac effects are unknown. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to identify an optimal MSC transplantation time and cell dose in the setting of AMI to achieve better clinical endpoints. Methods The authors conducted a systematic review of studies published up to June 2016 by searching PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Results Eight prospective RCTs with 449 participants were included. The pooled results revealed that patients in the MSC group had no significant increase in LVEF from baseline compared with that in the control group (1.47% increase, 95% confidence interval (CI) −4.5 to 7.45; I2 = 97%; P > 0.05). A subgroup analysis was conducted to explore the results according to differences in transplantation time and dose of MSCs injected. For transplantation timing, the LVEF of patients accepting a MSC infusion within 1 week was significantly increased by 3.22% (95% CI 1.31 to 5.14; I2 = 0; P < 0.05), but this increase was insignificant in the group that accepted an MSC infusion after 1 week (−0.35% in LVEF, 95% CI −10.22 to 9.52; I2 = 99%; P > 0.05). Furthermore, patients accepting a MSC dose of less than 107 cells exhibited an LVEF improvement of 2.25% compared with the control (95% CI 0.56 to 3.93; I2 = 9%; P < 0.05). Combining transplantation time and cell dose indicates that a significant improvement of LVEF of 3.32% was achieved in the group of patients injected with <107 MSCs within 1 week (95% CI 1.14 to 5.50; I2 = 0; P = 0.003). Conclusions Transplantation time and injected cell dose are key factors that determine the therapeutic effect of stem cell therapy. The injection of no more than 107 MSCs within 1 week for AMI after percutaneous coronary intervention might improve left ventricular systolic function. Further studies on the mechanism and the effectiveness of MSCs for long-term therapy are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xuan Su
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Meng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Shadrin IY, Khodabukus A, Bursac N. Striated muscle function, regeneration, and repair. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4175-4202. [PMID: 27271751 PMCID: PMC5056123 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As the only striated muscle tissues in the body, skeletal and cardiac muscle share numerous structural and functional characteristics, while exhibiting vastly different size and regenerative potential. Healthy skeletal muscle harbors a robust regenerative response that becomes inadequate after large muscle loss or in degenerative pathologies and aging. In contrast, the mammalian heart loses its regenerative capacity shortly after birth, leaving it susceptible to permanent damage by acute injury or chronic disease. In this review, we compare and contrast the physiology and regenerative potential of native skeletal and cardiac muscles, mechanisms underlying striated muscle dysfunction, and bioengineering strategies to treat muscle disorders. We focus on different sources for cellular therapy, biomaterials to augment the endogenous regenerative response, and progress in engineering and application of mature striated muscle tissues in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we discuss the challenges and perspectives in translating muscle bioengineering strategies to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Y Shadrin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 3000 Science Drive, Hudson Hall 136, Durham, NC, 27708-90281, USA
| | - A Khodabukus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 3000 Science Drive, Hudson Hall 136, Durham, NC, 27708-90281, USA
| | - N Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 3000 Science Drive, Hudson Hall 136, Durham, NC, 27708-90281, USA.
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Yu B, Yang Y, Liu H, Gong M, Millard RW, Wang YG, Ashraf M, Xu M. Clusterin/Akt Up-Regulation Is Critical for GATA-4 Mediated Cytoprotection of Mesenchymal Stem Cells against Ischemia Injury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151542. [PMID: 26962868 PMCID: PMC4786134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clusterin (Clu) is a stress-responding protein with multiple biological functions. Our preliminary microarray studies show that clusterin was prominently upregulated in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) overexpressing GATA-4 (MSCGATA-4). We hypothesized that the upregulation of clusterin is involved in overexpression of GATA-4 mediated cytoprotection. Methods MSCs harvested from bone marrow of rats were transduced with GATA-4. The expression of clusterin in MSCs was further confirmed by real-time PCR and western blotting. Simulation of ischemia was achieved by exposure of MSCs to a hypoxic environment. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released from MSCs was served as a biomarker of cell injury and MTs uptake was used to estimate cell viability. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by measuring mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and caspase 3/7 activity. Results (1) Clusterin expression was up-regulated in MSCGATA-4 compared to control MSCs transfected with empty-vector (MSCNull). MSCGATA-4 were tolerant to 72 h hypoxia exposure as shown by reduced LDH release and higher MTs uptake. This protection was abrogated by transfecting Clu-siRNA into MSCGATA-4. (2) Exogenous clusterin significantly decreased LDH release and increased MSC survival in hypoxic environment. Moreover, ΔΨm was maintained and caspase 3/7 activity was reduced by clusterin in a concentration-dependent manner. (3) p-Akt expression in MSCs was upregulated following pre-treatment with clusterin, with no change in total Akt. Moreover, cytoprotection mediated by clusterin was partially abrogated by Akt inhibitor LY294002. Conclusions Clusterin/Akt signaling pathway is involved in GATA-4 mediated cytoprotection against hypoxia stress. It is suggested that clusterin may be therapeutically exploited in MSC based therapy for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yueting Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Min Gong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ronald W. Millard
- Department of Pharmacology & Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yi-Gang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Meifeng Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Prediction Models for Cardiac Risk Classification with Nuclear Cardiology Techniques. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-015-9365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Ye N, Jiang D. Ghrelin accelerates the growth and osteogenic differentiation of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells through the ERK1/2 pathway. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:51. [PMID: 26054524 PMCID: PMC4460755 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into chondroblasts, adipocytes, or osteoblasts under appropriate stimulation. Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), stimulates growth hormone (GH) secretion, and has both orexigenic and adipogenic effects. This study sought to understand the potential involvement of members of MAPK serine/threonine kinases in the ghrelin-induced growth of rabbit MSCs ( rBMSC). Methods We applied various concentrations of ghrelin to cultured rBMSC and observed the growth rate of the cells by MTT, changes in the phosphorylation state of ERK1/2, JNK and p38, and the expression levels of ALP, Runx2, and Osterix by wetern blot. Results We found that the growth and osteogenic differentiation of ghrelin-treated rBMSC are promoted primarily by phosphorylated ERK1/2, and that this phosphorylation, as well p38 phosphorylation, is mediated by GHSR. Conclusions Our study suggests that ghrelin promotes the growth and osteogenic differentiation of rBMSC primarily through the ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ye
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District Yueyuan Road No 1, Chongqing, China. .,Dpartment of Cervical Surgery, The second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Muslims camp Square Road No 1, Hohhot, China.
| | - Dianming Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District Yueyuan Road No 1, Chongqing, China.
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The Clinical Status of Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:135023. [PMID: 26101528 PMCID: PMC4460238 DOI: 10.1155/2015/135023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is becoming a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the whole world. Stem cell-based therapy is emerging as a promising option for treatment of ICM. Several stem cell types including cardiac-derived stem cells (CSCs), bone marrow-derived stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), skeletal myoblasts (SMs), and CD34(+) and CD 133(+) stem cells have been applied in clinical researches. The clinical effect produced by stem cell administration in ICM mainly depends on the transdifferentiation and paracrine effect. One important issue is that low survival and residential rate of transferred stem cells in the infracted myocardium blocks the effective advances in cardiac improvement. Many other factors associated with the efficacy of cell replacement therapy for ICM mainly including the route of delivery, the type and number of stem cell infusion, the timing of injection, patient's physical condition, the particular microenvironment onto which the cells are delivered, and clinical condition remain to be addressed. Here we provide an overview of the pros and cons of these transferred cells and discuss the current state of their therapeutic potential. We believe that stem cell translation will be an ideal option for patients following ischemic heart disease in the future.
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14
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Fisher SA, Doree C, Mathur A, Martin-Rendon E. Meta-Analysis of Cell Therapy Trials for Patients With Heart Failure. Circ Res 2015; 116:1361-77. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.304386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila A Fisher
- From the Systematic Review Group, R&D Department, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, UK (S.A.F., C.D.); Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (S.A.F., C.D., E.M.-R.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (A.M.); and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, R&D Department, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, UK (E.M.-R.)
| | - Carolyn Doree
- From the Systematic Review Group, R&D Department, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, UK (S.A.F., C.D.); Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (S.A.F., C.D., E.M.-R.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (A.M.); and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, R&D Department, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, UK (E.M.-R.)
| | - Anthony Mathur
- From the Systematic Review Group, R&D Department, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, UK (S.A.F., C.D.); Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (S.A.F., C.D., E.M.-R.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (A.M.); and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, R&D Department, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, UK (E.M.-R.)
| | - Enca Martin-Rendon
- From the Systematic Review Group, R&D Department, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, UK (S.A.F., C.D.); Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (S.A.F., C.D., E.M.-R.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (A.M.); and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, R&D Department, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, UK (E.M.-R.)
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15
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Harvey E, Fisher SA, Doree C, Taggart DP, Martin-Rendon E. Current evidence of the efficacy of cell-based therapies in heart failure. Circ J 2015; 79:229-36. [PMID: 25744736 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-14-1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is the major cause of mortality worldwide. For more than a decade, cell-based therapies have been developed as treatment for heart disease as an alternative to current therapies. Trials and systematic reviews have assessed the safety and efficacy of cell therapies in a diverse number of participants and clinical settings. The present study collated and synthesized evidence from all systematic reviews related to cell-based therapies and HF. A total of 11 systematic reviews were identified through searches of electronic databases up to June 2014. We set out to answer 2 key questions on the efficacy of cell therapies in HF: (1) What is the overall effect of cell therapies on primary outcomes such as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and mortality? (2) How important is it to define the clinical setting and length of follow-up when assessing cell therapies and HF? There seems to be enough evidence to suggest that cell therapies have a moderate, long-lasting effect on LVEF, but the reduction on the risk of mortality observed by some systematic reviews needs to be confirmed in larger, statistically powered clinical trials. Additionally, and in order to strengthen conclusions, it is important to assess clinical evidence for defined clinical settings and to standardize the length of follow-up when comparing outcome data across several trials and systematic reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Harvey
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, UK
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Díaz D, Muñoz-Castañeda R, Alonso JR, Weruaga E. Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells and Strategies for Treatment of Nervous System Disorders: Many Protocols, and Many Results. Neuroscientist 2014; 21:637-52. [PMID: 25171812 DOI: 10.1177/1073858414547538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow stem cells are the best known stem cell type and have been employed for more than 50 years, especially in pathologies of the hematopoietic and immune systems. However, their therapeutic potential is much broader, and they can also be employed to palliate neural diseases. Apart from their plastic properties, these cells lack the legal or ethical constraints of other stem cell populations, that is, embryonic stem cells. Current research addressing the integration of bone marrow-derived cells into the neural circuits of the central nervous system, their features, and applications is a hotspot in neurobiology. Nevertheless, as in other leading research lines the efficacy and possibilities of their application depend on technical procedures, which are still far from being standardized. Accordingly, for efficient research this large range of variants should be taken into account as they could lead to unexpected results. Rather than focusing on clinical aspects, this review offers a compendium of the methodologies aimed at providing a guide for researchers who are working in the field of bone marrow transplantation in the central nervous system. It seeks to be useful for both introductory and trouble-shooting purposes, and in particular for dealing with the large array of bone marrow transplantation protocols available.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Díaz
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz-Castañeda
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Spain
| | - José Ramón Alonso
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Spain Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Spain
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