1
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Ju H, Sohn Y, Nam Y, Rim YA. Progresses in overcoming the limitations of in vitro erythropoiesis using human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:142. [PMID: 38750578 PMCID: PMC11094930 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Researchers have attempted to generate transfusable oxygen carriers to mitigate RBC supply shortages. In vitro generation of RBCs using stem cells such as hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has shown promise. Specifically, the limited supplies of HSPCs and ethical issues with ESCs make iPSCs the most promising candidate for in vitro RBC generation. However, researchers have encountered some major challenges when using iPSCs to produce transfusable RBC products, such as enucleation and RBC maturation. In addition, it has proven difficult to manufacture these products on a large scale. In this review, we provide a brief overview of erythropoiesis and examine endeavors to recapitulate erythropoiesis in vitro using various cell sources. Furthermore, we explore the current obstacles and potential solutions aimed at enabling the large-scale production of transfusable RBCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonwoo Ju
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Yeowon Sohn
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yoojun Nam
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
- YiPSCELL Inc., L2 Omnibus Park, Banpo-dearo 222, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeri Alice Rim
- YiPSCELL Inc., L2 Omnibus Park, Banpo-dearo 222, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
- CiSTEM laboratory, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Lee SJ, Jung C, Oh JE, Kim S, Lee S, Lee JY, Yoon YS. Generation of Red Blood Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells-An Update. Cells 2023; 12:1554. [PMID: 37296674 PMCID: PMC10253210 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a lifesaving medical procedure that can treat patients with anemia and hemoglobin disorders. However, the shortage of blood supply and risks of transfusion-transmitted infection and immune incompatibility present a challenge for transfusion. The in vitro generation of RBCs or erythrocytes holds great promise for transfusion medicine and novel cell-based therapies. While hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors derived from peripheral blood, cord blood, and bone marrow can give rise to erythrocytes, the use of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has also provided an important opportunity to obtain erythrocytes. These hPSCs include both human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). As hESCs carry ethical and political controversies, hiPSCs can be a more universal source for RBC generation. In this review, we first discuss the key concepts and mechanisms of erythropoiesis. Thereafter, we summarize different methodologies to differentiate hPSCs into erythrocytes with an emphasis on the key features of human definitive erythroid lineage cells. Finally, we address the current limitations and future directions of clinical applications using hiPSC-derived erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Jeong Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.L.); (C.J.); (J.E.O.); (S.K.)
- Research and Development Center, KarisBio Inc., 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Avison Biomedical Research Center Room 525, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Cholomi Jung
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.L.); (C.J.); (J.E.O.); (S.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Eun Oh
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.L.); (C.J.); (J.E.O.); (S.K.)
- Research and Development Center, KarisBio Inc., 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Avison Biomedical Research Center Room 525, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsung Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.L.); (C.J.); (J.E.O.); (S.K.)
- Research and Development Center, KarisBio Inc., 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Avison Biomedical Research Center Room 525, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Ji Yoon Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.L.); (C.J.); (J.E.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Young-sup Yoon
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.L.); (C.J.); (J.E.O.); (S.K.)
- Research and Development Center, KarisBio Inc., 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Avison Biomedical Research Center Room 525, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
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3
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Han H, Rim YA, Ju JH. Recent updates of stem cell-based erythropoiesis. Hum Cell 2023; 36:894-907. [PMID: 36754940 PMCID: PMC9908308 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Blood transfusions are now an essential part of modern medicine. Transfusable red blood cells (RBCs) are employed in various therapeutic strategies; however, the processes of blood donation, collection, and administration still involve many limitations. Notably, a lack of donors, the risk of transfusion-transmitted disease, and recent pandemics such as COVID-19 have prompted us to search for alternative therapeutics to replace this resource. Originally, RBC production was attempted via the ex vivo differentiation of stem cells. However, a more approachable and effective cell source is now required for broader applications. As a viable alternative, pluripotent stem cells have been actively used in recent research. In this review, we discuss the basic concepts related to erythropoiesis, as well as early research using hematopoietic stem cells ex vivo, and discuss the current trend of in vitro erythropoiesis using human-induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeju Han
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, , Seoul, Republic of Korea ,Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeri Alice Rim
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Andrieu-Soler C, Soler E. Erythroid Cell Research: 3D Chromatin, Transcription Factors and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116149. [PMID: 35682828 PMCID: PMC9181152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of the regulatory networks and signals controlling erythropoiesis have brought important insights in several research fields of biology and have been a rich source of discoveries with far-reaching implications beyond erythroid cells biology. The aim of this review is to highlight key recent discoveries and show how studies of erythroid cells bring forward novel concepts and refine current models related to genome and 3D chromatin organization, signaling and disease, with broad interest in life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Soler
- IGMM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, 34093 Montpellier, France;
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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5
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Hentzschel F, Gibbins MP, Attipa C, Beraldi D, Moxon CA, Otto TD, Marti M. Host cell maturation modulates parasite invasion and sexual differentiation in Plasmodium berghei. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm7348. [PMID: 35476438 PMCID: PMC9045723 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Malaria remains a global health problem causing more than 400,000 deaths annually. Plasmodium parasites, the causative agents of malaria, replicate asexually in red blood cells (RBCs) of their vertebrate host, while a subset differentiates into sexual stages (gametocytes) for mosquito transmission. Parasite replication and gametocyte maturation in the erythropoietic niches of the bone marrow and spleen contribute to pathogenesis and drive transmission, but the mechanisms underlying this organ enrichment remain unknown. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of rodent P. berghei infection by flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing. We identified CD71 as a host receptor for reticulocyte invasion and found that parasites metabolically adapt to the host cell environment. Transcriptional analysis and functional assays further revealed a nutrient-dependent tropism for gametocyte formation in reticulocytes. Together, we provide a thorough characterization of host-parasite interactions in erythropoietic niches and define host cell maturation state as the key driver of parasite adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hentzschel
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew P. Gibbins
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Charalampos Attipa
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Pathology, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Clinical Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Dario Beraldi
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher A. Moxon
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Clinical Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Thomas D. Otto
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthias Marti
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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6
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Zhu L, Bai C, Wang X, Wei Z, Gu M, Zhou X, Su G, Liu X, Yang L, Li G. Myostatin Knockout Limits Exercise-Induced Reduction in Bovine Erythrocyte Oxidative Stress by Enhancing the Efficiency of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070927. [PMID: 35405915 PMCID: PMC8996956 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate exercise can strengthen the body, however, exhaustive exercise generates large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although erythrocytes have antioxidant systems that quickly eliminate ROS, erythrocytes become overwhelmed by ROS when the body is under oxidative stress, such as during exhaustive exercise. Myostatin (MSTN) has important effects on muscle hair development. Individuals lacking myostatin (MSTN) exhibit increased muscle mass. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which MSTN affects erythrocyte antioxidant changes after exhaustive exercise in cattle. Antioxidant and metabolite detection analysis, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and fatty acid methyl ester analysis were used to assess exercise-associated antioxidant changes in erythrocytes with or without MSTN. Knockdown of MSTN enhances Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity after exhaustive exercise. MSTN and its receptors were present on the erythrocyte membrane, but their levels, especially that of TGF-β RI, were significantly reduced in the absence of MSTN and following exhaustive exercise. Our results suggest that knockout of MSTN accelerates the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), thereby enhancing the antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes. These results provide important insights into the role of MSTN in erythrocyte antioxidant regulation after exhaustive exercise.
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7
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Buesche G, Teoman H, Schneider RK, Ribezzo F, Ebert BL, Giagounidis A, Göhring G, Schlegelberger B, Bock O, Ganser A, Aul C, Germing U, Kreipe H. Evolution of severe (transfusion-dependent) anaemia in myelodysplastic syndromes with 5q deletion is characterized by a macrophage-associated failure of the eythropoietic niche. Br J Haematol 2022; 198:114-130. [PMID: 35362549 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Evolution of erythrocyte transfusion-dependent (RBC-TD) anaemia associated with haploinsufficiency of the ribosomal protein subunit S14 gene (RPS14) is a characteristic complication of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with del(5q) [MDS.del(5q)]. Evaluating 39 patients with MDS.del(5q), <5% of anaemia progression was attributable to RPS14-dependent alterations of normoblasts, pro-erythroblasts, or CD34+ CD71+ precursors. Ninety-three percent of anaemia progression and 70% of the absolute decline in peripheral blood Hb value were attributable to disappearance of erythroblastic islands (Ery-Is). Ery-Is loss occurred independently of blast excess, TP53 mutation, additional chromosome aberrations and RPS14-dependent alterations of normoblasts and pro-erythroblasts. It was associated with RPS14-dependent intrinsic (S100A8+ ) and extrinsic [tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-overproduction] alterations of (CD169+ ) marrow macrophages (p < 0.00005). In a mouse model of RPS14 haploinsufficiency, Ery-Is disappeared to a similar degree: approximately 70% of Ery-Is loss was related to RPS14-dependent S100A8 overexpression of marrow macrophages, less than 20% to that of CD71high Ter119- immature precursors, and less than 5% to S100A8/p53 overexpression of normoblasts or pro-erythroblasts. Marked Ery-Is loss predicted reduced efficacy (erythrocyte transfusion independence) of lenalidomide therapy (p = 0.0006). Thus, erythroid hypoplasia, a characteristic complication of MDS.del(5q), seems to result primarily from a macrophage-associated failure of the erythropoietic niche markedly reducing the productive capacity of erythropoiesis as the leading factor in anaemia progression and evolution of RBC-TD in MDS.del(5q).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guntram Buesche
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Huesniye Teoman
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebekka K Schneider
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Flavia Ribezzo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aristoteles Giagounidis
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Palliative Treatment, Marien-Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gudrun Göhring
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Bock
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arnold Ganser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carlo Aul
- Department 2, Oncology and Hematology, St. Johannes Hospital, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Germing
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Kreipe
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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8
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Garg V, Chandanala S, David-Luther M, Govind M, Prasad RR, Kumar A, Prasanna SJ. The Yin and Yang of Immunity in Stem Cell Decision Guidance in Tissue Ecologies: An Infection Independent Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:793694. [PMID: 35198558 PMCID: PMC8858808 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.793694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of immune system and inflammation on organ homeostasis and tissue stem cell niches in the absence of pathogen invasion has long remained a conundrum in the field of regenerative medicine. The paradoxical role of immune components in promoting tissue injury as well as resolving tissue damage has complicated therapeutic targeting of inflammation as a means to attain tissue homeostasis in degenerative disease contexts. This confound could be resolved by an integrated intricate assessment of cross-talk between inflammatory components and micro- and macro-environmental factors existing in tissues during health and disease. Prudent fate choice decisions of stem cells and their differentiated progeny are key to maintain tissue integrity and function. Stem cells have to exercise this fate choice in consultation with other tissue components. With this respect tissue immune components, danger/damage sensing molecules driving sterile inflammatory signaling cascades and barrier cells having immune-surveillance functions play pivotal roles in supervising stem cell decisions in their niches. Stem cells learn from their previous damage encounters, either endogenous or exogenous, or adapt to persistent micro-environmental changes to orchestrate their decisions. Thus understanding the communication networks between stem cells and immune system components is essential to comprehend stem cell decisions in endogenous tissue niches. Further the systemic interactions between tissue niches integrated through immune networks serve as patrolling systems to establish communication links and orchestrate micro-immune ecologies to better organismal response to injury and promote regeneration. Understanding these communication links is key to devise immune-centric regenerative therapies. Thus the present review is an integrated attempt to provide a unified purview of how inflammation and immune cells provide guidance to stem cells for tissue sculpting during development, organismal aging and tissue crisis based on the current knowledge in the field.
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9
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Mukherjee K, Bieker JJ. Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression and the Heterogeneous Cellular Identity of Erythroblastic Island Macrophages. Front Genet 2021; 12:756028. [PMID: 34880902 PMCID: PMC8646026 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.756028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During definitive erythropoiesis, maturation of erythroid progenitors into enucleated reticulocytes requires the erythroblastic island (EBI) niche comprising a central macrophage attached to differentiating erythroid progenitors. Normally, the macrophage provides a nurturing environment for maturation of erythroid cells. Its critical physiologic importance entails aiding in recovery from anemic insults, such as systemic stress or acquired disease. Considerable interest in characterizing the central macrophage of the island niche led to the identification of putative cell surface markers enriched in island macrophages, enabling isolation and characterization. Recent studies focus on bulk and single cell transcriptomics of the island macrophage during adult steady-state erythropoiesis and embryonic erythropoiesis. They reveal that the island macrophage is a distinct cell type but with widespread cellular heterogeneity, likely suggesting distinct developmental origins and biological function. These studies have also uncovered transcriptional programs that drive gene expression in the island macrophage. Strikingly, the master erythroid regulator EKLF/Klf1 seems to also play a major role in specifying gene expression in island macrophages, including a putative EKLF/Klf1-dependent transcription circuit. Our present review and analysis of mouse single cell genetic patterns suggest novel expression characteristics that will enable a clear enrichment of EBI subtypes and resolution of island macrophage heterogeneity. Specifically, the discovery of markers such as Epor, and specific features for EKLF/Klf1-expressing island macrophages such as Sptb and Add2, or for SpiC-expressing island macrophage such as Timd4, or for Maf/Nr1h3-expressing island macrophage such as Vcam1, opens exciting possibilities for further characterization of these unique macrophage cell types in the context of their critical developmental function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustav Mukherjee
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - James J Bieker
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Tisch Cancer Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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10
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Fernandez-Becerra C, Aparici-Herraiz I, Del Portillo HA. Cryptic erythrocytic infections in Plasmodium vivax, another challenge to its elimination. Parasitol Int 2021; 87:102527. [PMID: 34896615 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax infection (vivax malaria) is a major global health issue. It is the most geographically widespread form of the disease, accounting for 7 million annual clinical cases, the majority of cases in America and Asia and an estimation of over 2.5 billion people living under risk of infection. The general perception towards vivax malaria has shifted recently, following a series of reports, from being viewed as a benign infection to the recognition of its potential for more severe manifestations including fatal cases. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of vivax malaria remain largely unresolved. Asymptomatic carriers of malaria parasites are a major challenge for malaria elimination. In the case of P. vivax, it has been widely accepted that the only source of cryptic parasites is hypnozoite dormant stages. Here, we will review new evidence indicating that cryptic erythrocytic niches outside the liver, in particular in the spleen and bone marrow, can represent a major source of asymptomatic infections. The origin of such parasites is being controversial and many key gaps in the knowledge of such infections remain unanswered. Yet, as parasites in these niches seem to be sheltered from immune response and antimalarial drugs, research on this area should be reinforced if elimination of malaria is to be achieved. Last, we will glimpse into the role of reticulocyte-derived exosomes, extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin, as intercellular communicators likely involved in the formation of such cryptic erythrocytic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Fernandez-Becerra
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain.
| | | | - Hernando A Del Portillo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Millard SM, Heng O, Opperman KS, Sehgal A, Irvine KM, Kaur S, Sandrock CJ, Wu AC, Magor GW, Batoon L, Perkins AC, Noll JE, Zannettino ACW, Sester DP, Levesque JP, Hume DA, Raggatt LJ, Summers KM, Pettit AR. Fragmentation of tissue-resident macrophages during isolation confounds analysis of single-cell preparations from mouse hematopoietic tissues. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110058. [PMID: 34818538 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse hematopoietic tissues contain abundant tissue-resident macrophages that support immunity, hematopoiesis, and bone homeostasis. A systematic strategy to characterize macrophage subsets in mouse bone marrow (BM), spleen, and lymph node unexpectedly reveals that macrophage surface marker staining emanates from membrane-bound subcellular remnants associated with unrelated cells. Intact macrophages are not present within these cell preparations. The macrophage remnant binding profile reflects interactions between macrophages and other cell types in vivo. Depletion of CD169+ macrophages in vivo eliminates F4/80+ remnant attachment. Remnant-restricted macrophage-specific membrane markers, cytoplasmic fluorescent reporters, and mRNA are all detected in non-macrophage cells including isolated stem and progenitor cells. Analysis of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data, including publicly available datasets, indicates that macrophage fragmentation is a general phenomenon that confounds bulk and single-cell analysis of disaggregated hematopoietic tissues. Hematopoietic tissue macrophage fragmentation undermines the accuracy of macrophage ex vivo molecular profiling and creates opportunity for misattribution of macrophage-expressed genes to non-macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Millard
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ostyn Heng
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Khatora S Opperman
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Simranpreet Kaur
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Cheyenne J Sandrock
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Andy C Wu
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; TRI Flow Cytometry Suite, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Graham W Magor
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Lena Batoon
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Andrew C Perkins
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jacqueline E Noll
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - David P Sester
- TRI Flow Cytometry Suite, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Levesque
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Liza J Raggatt
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
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12
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The immunometabolite itaconate inhibits heme synthesis and remodels cellular metabolism in erythroid precursors. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4831-4841. [PMID: 34492704 PMCID: PMC9153040 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunometabolite itaconate is taken up by erythroid precursors and converted to itaconyl-CoA by the CoA transferase SUGCT. Itaconyl-CoA is a competitive inhibitor of ALAS2 and inhibits erythropoietic heme synthesis.
As part of the inflammatory response by macrophages, Irg1 is induced, resulting in millimolar quantities of itaconate being produced. This immunometabolite remodels the macrophage metabolome and acts as an antimicrobial agent when excreted. Itaconate is not synthesized within the erythron but instead may be acquired from central macrophages within the erythroid island. Previously, we reported that itaconate inhibits hemoglobinization of developing erythroid cells. Herein we show that this action is accomplished by inhibition of tetrapyrrole synthesis. In differentiating erythroid precursors, cellular heme and protoporphyrin IX synthesis are reduced by itaconate at an early step in the pathway. In addition, itaconate causes global alterations in cellular metabolite pools, resulting in elevated levels of succinate, 2-hydroxyglutarate, pyruvate, glyoxylate, and intermediates of glycolytic shunts. Itaconate taken up by the developing erythron can be converted to itaconyl–coenzyme A (CoA) by the enzyme succinyl-CoA:glutarate-CoA transferase. Propionyl-CoA, propionyl-carnitine, methylmalonic acid, heptadecanoic acid, and nonanoic acid, as well as the aliphatic amino acids threonine, valine, methionine, and isoleucine, are increased, likely due to the impact of endogenous itaconyl-CoA synthesis. We further show that itaconyl-CoA is a competitive inhibitor of the erythroid-specific 5-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS2), the first and rate-limiting step in heme synthesis. These findings strongly support our hypothesis that the inhibition of heme synthesis observed in chronic inflammation is mediated not only by iron limitation but also by limitation of tetrapyrrole synthesis at the point of ALAS2 catalysis by itaconate. Thus, we propose that macrophage-derived itaconate promotes anemia during an inflammatory response in the erythroid compartment.
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13
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Lévesque JP, Summers KM, Bisht K, Millard SM, Winkler IG, Pettit AR. Macrophages form erythropoietic niches and regulate iron homeostasis to adapt erythropoiesis in response to infections and inflammation. Exp Hematol 2021; 103:1-14. [PMID: 34500024 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It has recently emerged that tissue-resident macrophages are key regulators of several stem cell niches orchestrating tissue formation during development, as well as postnatally, when they also organize the repair and regeneration of many tissues including the hemopoietic tissue. The fact that macrophages are also master regulators and effectors of innate immunity and inflammation allows them to coordinate hematopoietic response to infections, injuries, and inflammation. After recently reviewing the roles of phagocytes and macrophages in regulating normal and pathologic hematopoietic stem cell niches, we now focus on the key roles of macrophages in regulating erythropoiesis and iron homeostasis. We review herein the recent advances in understanding how macrophages at the center of erythroblastic islands form an erythropoietic niche that controls the terminal differentiation and maturation of erythroblasts into reticulocytes; how red pulp macrophages in the spleen control iron recycling and homeostasis; how these macrophages coordinate emergency erythropoiesis in response to blood loss, infections, and inflammation; and how persistent infections or inflammation can lead to anemia of inflammation via macrophages. Finally, we discuss the technical challenges associated with the molecular characterization of erythroid island macrophages and red pulp macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Lévesque
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Kavita Bisht
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Susan M Millard
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Ingrid G Winkler
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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14
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Ryzhkova A, Battulin N. Genome Reorganization during Erythroid Differentiation. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071012. [PMID: 34208866 PMCID: PMC8306769 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a convenient model to study how chromatin dynamics plays a decisive role in regulation of cell fate. During erythropoiesis a population of stem and progenitor cells becomes increasingly lineage restricted, giving rise to terminally differentiated progeny. The concerted action of transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers leads to a silencing of the multipotent transcriptome and activation of the transcriptional program that controls terminal differentiation. This article reviews some aspects of the biology of red blood cells production with the focus on the extensive chromatin reorganization during differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Ryzhkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Nariman Battulin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
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15
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Mukherjee K, Xue L, Planutis A, Gnanapragasam MN, Chess A, Bieker JJ. EKLF/KLF1 expression defines a unique macrophage subset during mouse erythropoiesis. eLife 2021; 10:61070. [PMID: 33570494 PMCID: PMC7932694 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythroblastic islands are a specialized niche that contain a central macrophage surrounded by erythroid cells at various stages of maturation. However, identifying the precise genetic and transcriptional control mechanisms in the island macrophage remains difficult due to macrophage heterogeneity. Using unbiased global sequencing and directed genetic approaches focused on early mammalian development, we find that fetal liver macrophages exhibit a unique expression signature that differentiates them from erythroid and adult macrophage cells. The importance of erythroid Krüppel-like factor (EKLF)/KLF1 in this identity is shown by expression analyses in EKLF-/- and in EKLF-marked macrophage cells. Single-cell sequence analysis simplifies heterogeneity and identifies clusters of genes important for EKLF-dependent macrophage function and novel cell surface biomarkers. Remarkably, this singular set of macrophage island cells appears transiently during embryogenesis. Together, these studies provide a detailed perspective on the importance of EKLF in the establishment of the dynamic gene expression network within erythroblastic islands in the developing embryo and provide the means for their efficient isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustav Mukherjee
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NYUnited States
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteNew York, NYUnited States
| | - Li Xue
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NYUnited States
| | - Antanas Planutis
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NYUnited States
| | - Merlin Nithya Gnanapragasam
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NYUnited States
| | - Andrew Chess
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NYUnited States
| | - James J Bieker
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NYUnited States
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteNew York, NYUnited States
- Tisch Cancer InstituteNew York, NYUnited States
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NYUnited States
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16
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The erythroblastic island niche: modeling in health, stress, and disease. Exp Hematol 2020; 91:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.09.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Nguyen H, Ung A, Ward WS. The role of ORC4 in enucleation of Murine Erythroleukemia (MEL) cells is similar to that in oocyte polar body extrusion. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2020; 66:378-386. [PMID: 32972244 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2020.1822458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Origin Replication Complex subunit 4 (ORC4) is one in six subunits of the Origin Replication Complexes (ORCs) which is essential for initiating licensing at DNA replication origins and recruiting adaptor molecules necessary for various cellular processes. Previously, we reported that ORC4 also plays a vital role in polar body extrusion (PBE) during oogenesis in which half the chromosomes are extruded from the oocyte. We hypothesized that ORC4 might play a broader role in chromatin elimination. We tested its role in enucleation during the development of erythrocytes. Murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells can be propagated in culture indefinitely and can be induced to enucleate their DNA by treatment with Vacuolin-1, thereby mimicking normal erythrocyte enucleation. We found that ORC4 appeared around the nuclei of the MEL cells with Vacuolin-1 treatment, gradually increasing in thickness before enucleation. We then tested whether ORC4 was required for MEL enucleation by down regulating ORC4 with siRNA-ORC4 during Vacuolin-1 treatment and found that this prevented MEL enucleation. These data are consistent with the model that ORC4 is required for erythroblast enucleation just as it is for oocyte PBE. They suggest a new model in which ORC4 expression is a marker for the initiation to the enucleation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1960 East-West Rd., University of Hawaii , Honolulu, HI, USA 96822
| | - Anna Ung
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1960 East-West Rd., University of Hawaii , Honolulu, HI, USA 96822
| | - W Steven Ward
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1960 East-West Rd., University of Hawaii , Honolulu, HI, USA 96822
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18
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Valid Presumption of Shiga Toxin-Mediated Damage of Developing Erythrocytes in EHEC-Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12060373. [PMID: 32512916 PMCID: PMC7354503 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global emergence of clinical diseases caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is an issue of great concern. EHEC release Shiga toxins (Stxs) as their key virulence factors, and investigations on the cell-damaging mechanisms toward target cells are inevitable for the development of novel mitigation strategies. Stx-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), characterized by the triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal injury, is the most severe outcome of an EHEC infection. Hemolytic anemia during HUS is defined as the loss of erythrocytes by mechanical disruption when passing through narrowed microvessels. The formation of thrombi in the microvasculature is considered an indirect effect of Stx-mediated injury mainly of the renal microvascular endothelial cells, resulting in obstructions of vessels. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent data providing evidence that HUS-associated hemolytic anemia may arise not only from intravascular rupture of erythrocytes, but also from the extravascular impairment of erythropoiesis, the development of red blood cells in the bone marrow, via direct Stx-mediated damage of maturing erythrocytes, leading to “non-hemolytic” anemia.
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19
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Kronstein-Wiedemann R, Klop O, Thiel J, Milanov P, Ruhland C, Vermaat L, Kocken CHM, Tonn T, Pasini EM. K562 erythroleukemia line as a possible reticulocyte source to culture Plasmodium vivax and its surrogates. Exp Hematol 2020; 82:8-23. [PMID: 32007479 PMCID: PMC7097847 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
miR-26a and miR-30a knockdowns promote differentiation in Fy-transduced K562 cell lines. miR-26a and miR-30a knockdowns promote enucleation in Fy-transduced K562 cell lines. Data denote an interplay in the mode of action of miR-26a and miR-30a in erythropoiesis. Plasmodium cynomolgi and P. knowlesi invade, albeit inefficiently, Fy-transduced K562 cells.
Establishing an in vitro “red blood cell matrix” that would allow uninterrupted access to a stable, homogeneous reticulocyte population would facilitate the establishment of continuous, long-term in vitro Plasmodium vivax blood stage cultures. In this study, we have explored the suitability of the erythroleukemia K562 cell line as a continuous source of such reticulocytes and have investigated regulatory factors behind the terminal differentiation (and enucleation, in particular) of this cell line that can be used to drive the reticulocyte production process. The Duffy blood group antigen receptor (Fy), essential for P. vivax invasion, was stably introduced into K562 cells by lentiviral gene transfer. miRNA-26a-5p and miRNA-30a-5p were downregulated to promote erythroid differentiation and enucleation, resulting in a tenfold increase in the production of reticulocytes after stimulation with an induction cocktail compared with controls. Our results suggest an interplay in the mechanisms of action of miRNA-26a-5p and miRNA-30a-5p, which makes it necessary to downregulate both miRNAs to achieve a stable enucleation rate and Fy receptor expression. In the context of establishing P. vivax-permissive, stable, and reproducible reticulocytes, a higher enucleation rate may be desirable, which may be achieved by the targeting of further regulatory mechanisms in Fy-K562 cells; promoting the shift in hemoglobin production from fetal to adult may also be necessary. Despite the fact that K562 erythroleukemia cell lines are of neoplastic origin, this cell line offers a versatile model system to research the regulatory mechanisms underlying erythropoiesis.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Differentiation
- Duffy Blood-Group System/biosynthesis
- Duffy Blood-Group System/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/parasitology
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/pathology
- MicroRNAs/biosynthesis
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Plasmodium vivax/growth & development
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Reticulocytes/metabolism
- Reticulocytes/parasitology
- Reticulocytes/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Kronstein-Wiedemann
- Department of Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische, Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Onny Klop
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Thiel
- Department of Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische, Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Milanov
- Department of Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische, Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Ruhland
- Department of Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische, Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Vermaat
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | | | - Torsten Tonn
- Department of Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische, Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine Dresden, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North East, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Erica M Pasini
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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20
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Fibach E. Erythropoiesis In Vitro-A Research and Therapeutic Tool in Thalassemia. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122124. [PMID: 31810354 PMCID: PMC6947291 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thalassemia (thal) is a hereditary chronic hemolytic anemia due to a partial or complete deficiency in the production of globin chains, in most cases, α or β, which compose, together with the iron-containing porphyrins (hemes), the hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells (RBC). The major clinical symptom of β-thal is severe chronic anemia—a decrease in RBC number and their hemoglobin content. In spite of the improvement in therapy, thal still severely affects the quality of life of the patients and their families and imposes a substantial financial burden on the community. These considerations position β-thal, among other hemoglobinopathies, as a major health and social problem that deserves increased efforts in research and its clinical application. These efforts are based on clinical studies, experiments in animal models and the use of erythroid cells grown in culture. The latter include immortal cell lines and cultures initiated by erythroid progenitor and stem cells derived from the blood and RBC producing (erythropoietic) sites of normal and thal donors, embryonic stem cells, and recently, "induced pluripotent stem cells" generated by manipulation of differentiated somatic cells. The present review summarizes the use of erythroid cultures, their technological aspects and their contribution to the research and its clinical application in thal. The former includes deciphering of the normal and pathological biology of the erythroid cell development, and the latter—their role in developing innovative therapeutics—drugs and methods of gene therapy, as well as providing an alternative source of RBC that may complement or substitute blood transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Fibach
- The Hematology Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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21
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Gutiérrez L, Caballero N, Fernández-Calleja L, Karkoulia E, Strouboulis J. Regulation of GATA1 levels in erythropoiesis. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:89-105. [PMID: 31769197 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
GATA1 is considered as the "master" transcription factor in erythropoiesis. It regulates at the transcriptional level all aspects of erythroid maturation and function, as revealed by gene knockout studies in mice and by genome-wide occupancies in erythroid cells. The GATA1 protein contains two zinc finger domains and an N-terminal transactivation domain. GATA1 translation results in the production of the full-length protein and of a shorter variant (GATA1s) lacking the N-terminal transactivation domain, which is functionally deficient in supporting erythropoiesis. GATA1 protein abundance is highly regulated in erythroid cells at different levels, including transcription, mRNA translation, posttranslational modifications, and protein degradation, in a differentiation-stage-specific manner. Maintaining high GATA1 protein levels is essential in the early stages of erythroid maturation, whereas downregulating GATA1 protein levels is a necessary step in terminal erythroid differentiation. The importance of maintaining proper GATA1 protein homeostasis in erythropoiesis is demonstrated by the fact that both GATA1 loss and its overexpression result in lethal anemia. Importantly, alterations in any of those GATA1 regulatory checkpoints have been recognized as an important cause of hematological disorders such as dyserythropoiesis (with or without thrombocytopenia), β-thalassemia, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, myelodysplasia, or leukemia. In this review, we provide an overview of the multilevel regulation of GATA1 protein homeostasis in erythropoiesis and of its deregulation in hematological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gutiérrez
- Platelet Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Noemí Caballero
- Platelet Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis Fernández-Calleja
- Platelet Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elena Karkoulia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - John Strouboulis
- Cancer Comprehensive Center, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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22
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2019-A year in Biophysical Reviews. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:833-839. [PMID: 31741173 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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