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Singh S, Singh S, Joshi D, Mohanty C, Singh R. In Silico Prediction of Potential Inhibitors for Targeting RNA CAG Repeats via Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation: A Drug Discovery Approach. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30611. [PMID: 38884365 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is a rare neurological illness inherited dominantly that causes severe impairment and premature mortality. While each rare disease may affect individuals infrequently, collectively they pose a significant healthcare challenge. It is mainly carried out due to the expansion of RNA triplet (CAG) repeats, although missense or point mutations can also be induced. Unfortunately, there is no cure; only symptomatic treatments are available. To date, SCA has about 48 subtypes, the most common of these being SCA 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 12, and 17 having CAG repeats. Using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, this study seeks to investigate effective natural herbal neuroprotective compounds against CAG repeats, which are therapeutically significant in treating SCA. Initially, virtual screening followed by molecular docking was used to estimate the binding affinity of neuroprotective natural compounds toward CAG repeats. The compound with the highest binding affinity, somniferine, was then chosen for MD simulation. The structural stability, interaction mechanism, and conformational dynamics of CAG repeats and somniferine were investigated via MD simulation. The MD study revealed that during the simulation period, the interaction between CAG repeats and somniferine stabilizes and results in fewer conformational variations. This in silico study suggests that Somniferine can be used as a therapeutic medication against RNA CAG repeats in SCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Singh
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suchitra Singh
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepika Joshi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chhandamayee Mohanty
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Royana Singh
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Huang Q, Wu W, Wen Y, Lu S, Zhao C. Potential therapeutic natural compounds for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155822. [PMID: 38909512 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complicated neurodegenerative disease with cognitive impairment occurring in the older people, in which extracellular accumulation of β-amyloid and intracellular aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau are regarded as the prevailing theories. However, the exact AD mechanism has not been determined. Moreover, there is no effective treatment available in phase III trials to eradicate AD, which is imperative to explore novel treatments. PURPOSE A number of up-to-date pre-clinical studies on cognitive impairment is beneficial to clarify the pathology of AD. This review recapitulates several advances in AD pathobiology and discusses the neuroprotective effects of natural compounds, such as phenolic compounds, natural polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, peptide, and lipids, underscoring the therapeutic potential for AD. METHODS Electronic databases involving PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched up to October 2023. Articles were conducted using the keywords like Alzheimer's disease, pathogenic mechanisms, natural compounds, and neuroprotection. RESULT This review summarized several AD pathologies and the neuroprotective effects of natural compounds such as natural polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, peptide, and lipids. CONCLUSION We have discussed the pathogenic mechanisms of AD and the effect natural products on neurodegenerative diseases particularly in treating AD. Specifically, we investigated the molecular pathways and links between natural compounds and Alzheimer's disease such as through NF-κB, Nrf2, and mTOR pathway. Further investigation is necessary in exploring the bioactivity and effectiveness of natural compounds in clinical trials, which may provide a promising treatment for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)-CITEXVI, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Weihao Wu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuxi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)-CITEXVI, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Suyue Lu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Islam F, Roy S, Zehravi M, Paul S, Sutradhar H, Yaidikar L, Kumar BR, Dogiparthi LK, Prema S, Nainu F, Rab SO, Doukani K, Emran TB. Polyphenols Targeting MAP Kinase Signaling Pathway in Neurological Diseases: Understanding Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2686-2706. [PMID: 37922063 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are a class of secondary metabolic products found in plants that have been extensively studied for how well they regulate biological processes, such as the proliferation of cells, autophagy, and apoptosis. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated signaling cascade is currently identified as a crucial pro-inflammatory pathway that plays a significant role in the development of neuroinflammation. This process has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of several neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), CNS damage, and cerebral ischemia. Getting enough polyphenols through eating habits has resulted in mitigating the effects of oxidative stress (OS) and lowering the susceptibility to associated neurodegenerative disorders, including but not limited to multiple sclerosis (MS), AD, stroke, and PD. Polyphenols possess significant promise in dealing with the root cause of neurological conditions by modulating multiple therapeutic targets simultaneously, thereby attenuating their complicated physiology. Several polyphenolic substances have demonstrated beneficial results in various studies and are presently undergoing clinical investigation to treat neurological diseases (NDs). The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the different aspects of the MAPK pathway involved in neurological conditions, along with an appraisal of the progress made in using polyphenols to regulate the MAPK signaling system to facilitate the management of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Sumon Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Dentistry & Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, 51418, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shyamjit Paul
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Hriday Sutradhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Lavanya Yaidikar
- Department of Pharmacology, Seven Hills College of Pharmacy, Tirupati, India
| | - B Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Moonray Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Raikal (V), Farooq Nagar (Tlq), Shadnagar (M), R.R Dist., Telangana, 501512, India
| | - Lakshman Kumar Dogiparthi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, MB School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MBU, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S Prema
- Crescent School of Pharmacy, BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, 600048, India
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Safia Obaidur Rab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Koula Doukani
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Ibn Khaldoun-Tiaret, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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Ali D, Okla M, Abuelreich S, Vishnubalaji R, Ditzel N, Hamam R, Kowal JM, Sayed A, Aldahmash A, Alajez NM, Kassem M. Apigenin and Rutaecarpine reduce the burden of cellular senescence in bone marrow stromal stem cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1360054. [PMID: 38638133 PMCID: PMC11024792 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1360054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoporosis is a systemic age-related disease characterized by reduced bone mass and microstructure deterioration, leading to increased risk of bone fragility fractures. Osteoporosis is a worldwide major health care problem and there is a need for preventive approaches. Methods and results Apigenin and Rutaecarpine are plant-derived antioxidants identified through functional screen of a natural product library (143 compounds) as enhancers of osteoblastic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal stem cells (hBMSCs). Global gene expression profiling and Western blot analysis revealed activation of several intra-cellular signaling pathways including focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and TGFβ. Pharmacological inhibition of FAK using PF-573228 (5 μM) and TGFβ using SB505124 (1μM), diminished Apigenin- and Rutaecarpine-induced osteoblast differentiation. In vitro treatment with Apigenin and Rutaecarpine, of primary hBMSCs obtained from elderly female patients enhanced osteoblast differentiation compared with primary hBMSCs obtained from young female donors. Ex-vivo treatment with Apigenin and Rutaecarpine of organotypic embryonic chick-femur culture significantly increased bone volume and cortical thickness compared to control as estimated by μCT-scanning. Discussion Our data revealed that Apigenin and Rutaecarpine enhance osteoblastic differentiation, bone formation, and reduce the age-related effects of hBMSCs. Therefore, Apigenin and Rutaecarpine cellular treatment represent a potential strategy for maintaining hBMSCs health during aging and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Ali
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Meshail Okla
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Abuelreich
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nicholas Ditzel
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rimi Hamam
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Justyna M. Kowal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ahmed Sayed
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abdullah Aldahmash
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Vision College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehad M. Alajez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine (ICMM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zhao B, Zhang Q, He Y, Cao W, Song W, Liang X. Targeted metabolomics reveals the aberrant energy status in diabetic peripheral neuropathy and the neuroprotective mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine JinMaiTong. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:225-243. [PMID: 38464790 PMCID: PMC10921333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common and devastating complication of diabetes, for which effective therapies are currently lacking. Disturbed energy status plays a crucial role in DPN pathogenesis. However, the integrated profile of energy metabolism, especially the central carbohydrate metabolism, remains unclear in DPN. Here, we developed a metabolomics approach by targeting 56 metabolites using high-performance ion chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPIC-MS/MS) to illustrate the integrative characteristics of central carbohydrate metabolism in patients with DPN and streptozotocin-induced DPN rats. Furthermore, JinMaiTong (JMT), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, was found to be effective for DPN, improving the peripheral neurological function and alleviating the neuropathology of DPN rats even after demyelination and axonal degeneration. JMT ameliorated DPN by regulating the aberrant energy balance and mitochondrial functions, including excessive glycolysis restoration, tricarboxylic acid cycle improvement, and increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation. Bioenergetic profile was aberrant in cultured rat Schwann cells under high-glucose conditions, which was remarkably corrected by JMT treatment. In-vivo and in-vitro studies revealed that these effects of JMT were mainly attributed to the activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and downstream peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α). Our results expand the therapeutic framework for DPN and suggest the integrative modulation of energy metabolism using TCMs, such as JMT, as an effective strategy for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjia Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yiqian He
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Weifang Cao
- Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Wei Song
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaochun Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
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Gaur K, Siddique YH. Effect of Apigenin on Neurodegenerative Diseases. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:468-475. [PMID: 37038672 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230406082625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, are the most frequent age-related illnesses affecting millions worldwide. No effective medication for NDDs is known to date and current disease management approaches include neuroprotection strategies with the hope of maintaining and improving the function of neurons. Such strategies will not provide a cure on their own but are likely to delay disease progression by reducing the production of neurotoxic chemicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and related inflammatory chemicals. Natural compounds such as flavonoids that provide neuroprotection via numerous mechanisms have attracted much attention in recent years. This review discusses evidence from different research models and clinical trials on the therapeutic potential of one promising flavonoid, apigenin, and how it can be helpful for NDDs in the future prospects. We have also discussed its chemistry, mechanism of action, and possible benefits in various examples of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Gaur
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Bhadauriya P, Varshney V, Goyal A. Molecular Docking-Based Identification of Potential Natural Neuroprotective Molecules for Parkinson's Disease. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300979. [PMID: 37608470 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative and the prevailing treatments are ineffective in the early stages of the disease. Therefore, other strategies must be devised to halt the steady decrease of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. In Parkinson's disease, a dysregulated ACE/Ang II/AT1R axis in the brain causes free radical damage, apoptosis, and neuronal destruction. Current PD treatments only alleviate symptoms and do not reverse the degradation mechanism of dopaminergic neurons. As a result, it is critical to discover alternate, dependable medicines for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. METHOD In the present study, homology modelling of MAS receptor, in silico docking and molecular dynamic studies (MDS) were employed to determine the efficacy of flavonoids as MASR activators. RESULT The flavonoids Pterosupin and Amentoflavone exhibited best binding and therefore, the stability of these complexes were evaluated with MDS studies. The Pterosupin-MASR complex demonstrated better stability, stronger interactions and minimal fluctuation than the Amentoflavone-MASR complex. CONCLUSION The data from the present study indicated that the flavonoid Pterosupin possesses better binding, favourable pharmacokinetic properties and stability. However, subsequent in vitro and in vivo assessments are necessary to validate its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Bhadauriya
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, UP, India
- Institute of Professional Studies, College of Pharmacy, Gwalior, MP, India
| | - Vibhav Varshney
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, UP, India
| | - Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, UP, India
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Budi HS, Farhood B. Tumor microenvironment remodeling in oral cancer: Application of plant derived-natural products and nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116432. [PMID: 37331557 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancers consist of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and other malignancies in the mouth with varying degrees of invasion and differentiation. For many years, different modalities such as surgery, radiation therapy, and classical chemotherapy drugs have been used to control the growth of oral tumors. Nowadays, studies have confirmed the remarkable effects of the tumor microenvironment (TME) on the development, invasion, and therapeutic resistance of tumors like oral cancers. Therefore, several studies have been conducted to modulate the TME in various types of tumors in favor of cancer suppression. Natural products are intriguing agents for targeting cancers and TME. Flavonoids, non-flavonoid herbal-derived molecules, and other natural products have shown promising effects on cancers and TME. These agents, such as curcumin, resveratrol, melatonin, quercetin and naringinin have demonstrated potency in suppressing oral cancers. In this paper, we will review and discuss about the potential efficacy of natural adjuvants on oral cancer cells. Furthermore, we will review the possible therapeutic effects of these agents on the TME and oral cancer cells. Moreover, the potential of nanoparticles-loaded natural products for targeting oral cancers and TME will be reviewed. The potentials, gaps, and future perspectives for targeting TME by nanoparticles-loaded natural products will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Setia Budi
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Melaibari M, Alkreathy HM, Esmat A, Rajeh NA, Shaik RA, Alghamdi AA, Ahmad A. Anti-Fibrotic Efficacy of Apigenin in a Mice Model of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis by Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Fibrogenesis: A Preclinical Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051342. [PMID: 37239014 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis is a major health problem all over the world, and there is no effective treatment to cure it. Hence, the current study sought to assess the anti-fibrotic efficacy of apigenin against CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. METHODS Forty-eight mice were put into six groups. G1: Normal Control, G2: CCl4 Control, G3: Silymarin (100 mg/kg), G4 and G5: Apigenin (2 &20 mg/Kg), G6: Apigenin alone (20 mg/Kg). Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were given CCl4 (0.5 mL/kg. i.p.) twice/week for six weeks. The level of AST, ALT, TC, TG, and TB in serum and IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in tissue homogenates were assessed. Histological studies by H&E staining and Immunostaining of liver tissues were also performed. RESULTS The CCl4-challenged group showed increased serum AST (4-fold), ALT (6-fold), and TB (5-fold). Both silymarin and apigenin treatments significantly improved these hepatic biomarkers. The CCl4-challenged group showed reduced levels of CAT (89%), GSH (53%), and increased MDA (3-fold). Both silymarin and apigenin treatments significantly altered these oxidative markers in tissue homogenates. The CCl4-treated group showed a two-fold increase in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. Silymarin and apigenin treatment considerably decreased the IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. Apigenin treatment inhibited angiogenic activity, as evidenced by a decrease in VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) expression in liver tissues, and a decline in vascular endothelial cell antigen expression (CD34). CONCLUSIONS Finally, these data collectively imply that apigenin may have antifibrotic properties, which may be explained by its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiangiogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Melaibari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda M Alkreathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Esmat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Nisreen A Rajeh
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed A Shaik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar A Alghamdi
- Health Information Technology Department, The Applied College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacovigilance and Medication Safety Unit, Center of Research Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Health Information Technology Department, The Applied College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacovigilance and Medication Safety Unit, Center of Research Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Fehaid A, Al-Ghamdi MS, Alzahrani KJ, Theyab A, Al-Amer OM, Al-Shehri SS, Algahtani M, A Oyouni AA, Alnfiai MM, Aly MH, Alsharif KF, Albrakati A, Kassab RB, Althagafi HA, Alharthi F, Abdel Moneim AE, Lokman MS. Apigenin protects from hepatorenal damage caused by lead acetate in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23275. [PMID: 36550699 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to lead (Pb) is associated with serious health problems including hepatorenal toxicity. Apigenin is a natural-sourced flavonoid with promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this research, we investigated the potential protective role of apigenin against lead acetate (PbAc)-induced hepatorenal damage. Thus, this experiment studied the exposure of male Wistar Albino rats to apigenin and/or PbAc and their effects in comparison to the control rats. Apigenin administration decreased the levels of Pb and prevented the histopathological deformations in liver and kidney tissues following PbAc exposure. This was confirmed by the normalized levels of liver and kidney function markers. Additionally, apigenin inhibited significantly oxidative reactions through upregulating Nrf2 and HO-1, and activating their downstreamed antioxidants accompanied by a marked depletion of pro-oxidants. Moreover, apigenin decreased the elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited cell loss in liver and kidney tissues in response to PbAc intoxication in both tissues. The obtained results demonstrated that apigenin could be used to attenuate the molecular, biochemical, and histological alterations associated with Pb exposure due to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Fehaid
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Mohammad S Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Theyab
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M Al-Amer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.,Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad S Al-Shehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Algahtani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Abdulwahab A Oyouni
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mrim M Alnfiai
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H Aly
- Internal Medicine Department, Security Forces Hospital, Mekkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf F Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami B Kassab
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam A Althagafi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alharthi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha S Lokman
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
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11
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The Preparation of Apigenin Nanoparticles and the Study of Their Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Tumor Activities In Vitro. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin (API) has many biological activities, but its poor solubility limits its clinical application. In this research, API nanoparticles were prepared by the liquid antisolvent precipitation (LAP) technique, which effectively improved the solubility and bioavailability of API. Through the design of a single-factor test, the effects of the type and dosage of surfactants, API concentration, the antisolvent to solvent volume ratio, the speed and time of stirring, the temperature of precipitation, and the dropping speed on the MPS (mean particle size) of API nanosuspension were carried out. The optimum technological conditions were determined as follows: 5 mg/mL of tween 80 as a surfactant, 20 mg/mL of API, an antisolvent/solvent volume ratio of 10, a 1200 r/min stirring speed for 5 min, a 45 °C precipitation temperature, and a 1 mL/min dropping speed. Under the optimum conditions, we obtained API nanosuspension with 170.5 nm MPS and then it was freeze-dried to obtain the API nanoparticles. Moreover, we characterized the API nanoparticles by SEM, FTIR, XRD, DSC, and TG. Results showed that although API nanoparticles transformed into an amorphous form, their internal chemical structure had not been changed and had a higher solubility. Finally, API nanoparticles’ anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by observing the effect of API on nitric oxide (NO) production and IL-10 production toward RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, the anti-tumor effect of API was determined by testing cell viability and apoptosis. The results suggested that API nanoparticles exhibited much better anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities compared to raw API.
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12
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A Comprehensive Study of Therapeutic Applications of Chamomile. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101284. [PMID: 36297396 PMCID: PMC9611340 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chamomile has a long history of traditional medicinal uses. The two commonly used varieties with therapeutic applications are German chamomile known as Matricaria chamomilla L. and Roman chamomile or Chamaemelum nobile L. The plant contains many components, namely, flavonoids, terpenoids, and coumarins, which are responsible for its medicinal properties. The review discusses recent developments that help in establishing its role as a therapeutic agent in various areas as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, anti-allergic, anticancer, and anti-hypertensive agent. Not much is known about its role in the treatment of CNS disorders and metabolic syndromes, which are also discussed. The chemical components responsible for the therapeutic activity and the respective mechanism of action are also elaborated.
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13
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Li Z, Zhou J, Ji L, Liang Y, Xie S. Recent Advances in the Pharmacological Actions of Apigenin, Its Complexes, and Its Derivatives. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2122989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lianru Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yingye Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqu Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Tripathi R, Gupta R, Sahu M, Srivastava D, Das A, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Free radical biology in neurological manifestations: mechanisms to therapeutics interventions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62160-62207. [PMID: 34617231 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements and growing attention about free radicals (ROS) and redox signaling enable the scientific fraternity to consider their involvement in the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurological defects. Free radicals increase the concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the biological system through different endogenous sources and thus increased the overall oxidative stress. An increase in oxidative stress causes cell death through different signaling mechanisms such as mitochondrial impairment, cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage response, inflammation, negative regulation of protein, and lipid peroxidation. Thus, an appropriate balance between free radicals and antioxidants becomes crucial to maintain physiological function. Since the 1brain requires high oxygen for its functioning, it is highly vulnerable to free radical generation and enhanced ROS in the brain adversely affects axonal regeneration and synaptic plasticity, which results in neuronal cell death. In addition, increased ROS in the brain alters various signaling pathways such as apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation and microglial activation, DNA damage response, and cell-cycle arrest, leading to memory and learning defects. Mounting evidence suggests the potential involvement of micro-RNAs, circular-RNAs, natural and dietary compounds, synthetic inhibitors, and heat-shock proteins as therapeutic agents to combat neurological diseases. Herein, we explain the mechanism of free radical generation and its role in mitochondrial, protein, and lipid peroxidation biology. Further, we discuss the negative role of free radicals in synaptic plasticity and axonal regeneration through the modulation of various signaling molecules and also in the involvement of free radicals in various neurological diseases and their potential therapeutic approaches. The primary cause of free radical generation is drug overdosing, industrial air pollution, toxic heavy metals, ionizing radiation, smoking, alcohol, pesticides, and ultraviolet radiation. Excessive generation of free radicals inside the cell R1Q1 increases reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which causes oxidative damage. An increase in oxidative damage alters different cellular pathways and processes such as mitochondrial impairment, DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest, and inflammatory response, leading to pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative disease other neurological defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tripathi
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Mehar Sahu
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Devesh Srivastava
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India.
- , Delhi, India.
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
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15
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Mokhtari T. Targeting autophagy and neuroinflammation pathways with plant-derived natural compounds as potential antidepressant agents. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3470-3489. [PMID: 35794794 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a life-threatening disease that presents several characteristics. The pathogenesis of depression still remains poorly understood. Moreover, the mechanistic interactions of natural components in treating depression to target autophagy and neuroinflammation are yet to be evaluated. This study overviewed the effects of plant-derived natural components in regulating critical pathways, particularly neuroinflammation and autophagy, associated with depression. A list of natural components, including luteolin, apigenin, hyperforin, resveratrol, salvianolic acid b, isoliquiritin, nobiletin, andrographolide, and oridonin, have been investigated. All peer-reviewed journal articles were searched by Scopus, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using the appropriated keywords, including depression, neuroinflammation, autophagy, plant, natural components, etc. The neuroinflammation and autophagy dysfunction are critically associated with the pathophysiology of depression. Natural components with higher efficiency and lower complications can be used for targeting neuroinflammation and autophagy. These components with different doses showed the beneficial antidepressant properties in rodents. These can modulate autophagy markers, mainly AMPK, LC3II/LC3I ratio, Beclin-1. Moreover, they can regulate the NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in the suppression of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β and IL-18). Future in vitro and in vivo studies are required to develop novel therapeutic approaches based on plant-derived active components to treat MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmineh Mokhtari
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Genovese C, Garozzo A, D’Angeli F, Malfa GA, Bellia F, Tomasello B, Nicolosi D, Malaguarnera R, Ronsisvalle S, Guadagni F, Acquaviva R. Orobanche crenata Forssk. Extract Affects Human Breast Cancer Cell MCF-7 Survival and Viral Replication. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101696. [PMID: 35626733 PMCID: PMC9139723 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of death worldwide. The severity of BC strictly depends on the molecular subtype. The less aggressive hormone-positive subtype is treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET), which causes both physical and psychological side effects. This condition strongly impacts the adherence and persistence of AET among oncologic patients. Moreover, viral infections also constitute a serious problem for public health. Despite their efficacy, antiviral agents present several therapeutic limits. Accordingly, in the present work, we investigated the antitumor and antiviral activities of Orobanche crenata Forssk. (O. crenata), a parasitic plant, endemic to the Mediterranean basin, traditionally known for its beneficial properties for human health. METHODS The MTT assay was carried out to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of O. crenata leaf extract (OCLE) on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and the primary HFF-1 cell line. The lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) assay was performed on MCF-7 cells to analyze necrotic cell death. The antioxidant effect of OCLE was evaluated by intracellular determination of the reactive oxygen species and thiol groups, by DPPH and ABTS assays. The antiviral activity of OCLE was determined against Poliovirus 1, Echovirus 9, Human respiratory syncytial virus, Adenovirus type 2 and type 5, Coxsackievirus B1 (CoxB1) and B3 (CoxB3), Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), and β-Coronavirus by the plaque reduction assay. RESULTS The extract, after 24 h of incubation, did not affect MDA-MB-231 and HFF-1 cell viability. However, at the same time point, it showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cells, with an increase in LDH release. OCLE exhibited free radical scavenging activity and significantly increased non-protein thiol levels in MCF-7 cells. OCLE effectively inhibited HSV-1, HSV-2, CoxB1, and CoxB3 replication. CONCLUSIONS The overall results showed an interesting inhibitory effect of OCLE on both MCF-7 cell survival and viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Genovese
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, “Kore” University of Enna, Contrada Santa Panasia, 94100 Enna, Italy; (C.G.); (R.M.)
- Nacture S.r.l., Spin-Off University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (D.N.); (S.R.); (R.A.)
| | - Adriana Garozzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Microbiology Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Floriana D’Angeli
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-478-1253
| | - Giuseppe Antonio Malfa
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.A.M.); (B.T.)
- Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products (CERNUT), University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Bellia
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council (CNR), 95126 Catania, Italy;
| | - Barbara Tomasello
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.A.M.); (B.T.)
- Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products (CERNUT), University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Daria Nicolosi
- Nacture S.r.l., Spin-Off University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (D.N.); (S.R.); (R.A.)
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Microbiology Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta Malaguarnera
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, “Kore” University of Enna, Contrada Santa Panasia, 94100 Enna, Italy; (C.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Simone Ronsisvalle
- Nacture S.r.l., Spin-Off University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (D.N.); (S.R.); (R.A.)
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Fiorella Guadagni
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
- BioBIM (InterInstitutional Multidisciplinary Biobank), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Acquaviva
- Nacture S.r.l., Spin-Off University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (D.N.); (S.R.); (R.A.)
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.A.M.); (B.T.)
- Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products (CERNUT), University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
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17
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Muratori L, Fregnan F, Maurina M, Haastert-Talini K, Ronchi G. The Potential Benefits of Dietary Polyphenols for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095177. [PMID: 35563568 PMCID: PMC9102183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerves are frequently affected by lesions caused by trauma (work accidents, car incidents, combat injuries) and following surgical procedures (for instance cancer resection), resulting in loss of motor and sensory function with lifelong impairments. Irrespective of the intrinsic capability of the peripheral nervous system for regeneration, spontaneous or surgically supported regeneration is often unsatisfactory with the limited functional success of nerve repair. For this reason, many efforts have been made to improve the regeneration process. Beyond innovative microsurgical methods that, in certain cases, are necessary to repair nerve injuries, different nonsurgical treatment approaches and adjunctive therapies have been investigated to enhance nerve regeneration. One possibility could be taking advantage of a healthy diet or lifestyle and their relation with proper body functions. Over the years, scientific evidence has been obtained on the benefits of the intake of polyphenols or polyphenol-rich foods in humans, highlighting the neuroprotective effects of these compounds in many neurodegenerative diseases. In order to improve the available knowledge about the potential beneficial role of polyphenols in the process of peripheral nerve regeneration, this review assessed the biological effects of polyphenol administration in supporting and promoting the regenerative process after peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Muratori
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, (Torino), Italy; (L.M.); (F.F.); (M.M.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), 10043 Orbassano, (Torino), Italy
| | - Federica Fregnan
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, (Torino), Italy; (L.M.); (F.F.); (M.M.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), 10043 Orbassano, (Torino), Italy
| | - Monica Maurina
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, (Torino), Italy; (L.M.); (F.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Kirsten Haastert-Talini
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Giulia Ronchi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, (Torino), Italy; (L.M.); (F.F.); (M.M.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), 10043 Orbassano, (Torino), Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6705-433; Fax: +39-011-9038-639
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18
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Formulation and Evaluation of Apigenin-Loaded Hybrid Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040783. [PMID: 35456617 PMCID: PMC9026485 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin (AGN) is a potent phytochemical with strong antioxidant and anticancer potential. But its therapeutic efficacy is limited due to its high lipophilic characteristics. Therefore, the present investigation aimed to develop AGN-loaded polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (AGN-PLHNPs). Herein, we successfully developed AGN-PLHNPs and optimized them by a 33-Box-Behnken de-sign. The poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA; coded as F1), phospholipon 90 G (PL-90G; coded as F2), and poloxamer 188 (P-188; coded as F3) were considered as the independent factors while particle size (PS; coded as R1), entrapment efficiency (%EE; R2), and cumulative drug release (%CDR; R3) were selected as dependent responses. The average PS, %EE, and %CDR of the AGN-PLHNPs were observed in the range of 101.93 nm to 175.26 nm, 58.35% to 81.14%, and 71.21% to 93.31%, respectively. The optimized AGN-PLHNPs revealed better homogeneity (poly-dispersity index < 0.2) and colloidal stability with high zeta potential (>25 mV). It also exhibited fast release in the initial 4 h after that sustained release up to 48 h of study. Moreover, the results of both DPPH as well as ABTS assays revealed significant improvement in the antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the optimized AGN-PLHNPs exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity efficacy against MCF-7 as well as MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines.
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19
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Zhao K, Yao M, Zhang X, Xu F, Shao X, Wei Y, Wang H. Flavonoids and intestinal microbes interact to alleviate depression. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1311-1318. [PMID: 34625972 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids have a variety of biological activities that are beneficial to human health. However, owing to low bioavailability, most flavonoids exert beneficial effects in the intestine through metabolism by the flora into a variety of structurally different derivatives. Also, flavonoids can modulate the type and structure of intestinal microorganisms to improve human health. It has been reported that the development of depression is accompanied by changes in the type and number of intestinal microorganisms, and gut microbes can significantly improve depressive symptoms through the gut-brain axis. Therefore, the interaction between flavonoids and intestinal microbes to alleviate depression is discussed. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Mei Yao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Xingfeng Shao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Wei
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
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20
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Sivakumar PM, Prabhakar PK, Cetinel S, R N, Prabhawathi V. Molecular Insights on the Therapeutic Effect of Selected Flavonoids on Diabetic Neuropathy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:1828-1846. [PMID: 35264089 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220309140855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the common clinical complications of diabetes is diabetic neuropathy affecting the nervous system. Painful diabetic neuropathy is widespread and highly prevalent. At least 50% of diabetes patients develop diabetic neuropathy eventually. The four main types of diabetic neuropathy are peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, proximal neuropathy (diabetic polyradiculopathy), and mononeuropathy (Focal neuropathy). Glucose control remains the common therapy for diabetic neuropathy due to limited knowledge on early biomarkers that are expressed during nerve damage, thereby limiting the cure through pharmacotherapy. Glucose control dramatically reduces the onset of neuropathy in type 1 diabetes but proves less effective in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the focus is on various herbal remedies for prevention and treatment. There is numerous research on the use of anticonvulsants and antidepressants for the management of pain in diabetic neuropathy. Extensive research is being done on natural products including the isolation of pure compounds like flavonoids from plants and their effect on diabetic neuropathy. This review focuses on the use of an important of flavonoids such as flavanols (e.g., quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin), flavanones (e.g., hesperidin, naringenin and c,lass eriodictyol), and flavones (e.g., apigenin, luteolin, tangeretin, chrysin, and diosmin) for the prevention and treatment of diabetic neuropathy. The mechanisms of action of flavonoids against diabetic neuropathy by their antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-glycation properties, etc. are also covered in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnurengam Malliappan Sivakumar
- Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam.
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | | | - Sibel Cetinel
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey.
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Neelakandan R
- Department of Textile Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veluchamy Prabhawathi
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Coimbatore Medical College, Coimbatore - 641014, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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Dietary Supplements in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A New Hope? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030625. [PMID: 35276984 PMCID: PMC8838672 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is one of the main and most prevalent side effects of chemotherapy, significantly affecting the quality of life of patients and the course of chemotherapeutic treatment. Nevertheless, despite its prevalence, the management of the CIPN is considered particularly challenging, with this condition often being perceived as very difficult or even impossible to prevent with currently available agents. Therefore, it is imperative to find better options for patients diagnosed with this condition. While the search for the new agents must continue, another opportunity should be taken into consideration—repurposing of the already known medications. As proposed, acetyl-L-carnitine, vitamins (group B and E), extracts of medical plants, including goshajinkigan, curcumin and others, unsaturated fatty acids, as well as the diet composed of so-called “sirtuin-activating foods”, could change the typical way of treatment of CIPN, improve the quality of life of patients and maintain the continuity of chemotherapy. This review summarizes currently available data regarding mentioned above agents and evaluates the rationale behind future research focused on their efficacy in CIPN.
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22
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Oyenihi OR, Oyenihi AB, Alabi TD, Tade OG, Adeyanju AA, Oguntibeju OO. Reactive oxygen species: Key players in the anticancer effects of apigenin? J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14060. [PMID: 34997605 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exhibit a double-edged sword in cancer-hence their modulation has been an attractive strategy in cancer prevention and therapy. The abundance of scientific information on the pro-oxidant effects of apigenin in cancer cells suggests the crucial role of ROS in its mechanisms of action. Although apigenin is known to enhance the cellular ROS levels to cytotoxic degrees in cancer cells in vitro, it remains to be determined if these pro-oxidant effects prevail or are relevant in experimental tumor models and clinical trials. Here, we critically examine the pro-oxidant and antioxidant effects of apigenin in cancer to provide insightful perspectives on the association between its ROS-modulating action and anticancer potential. We also discussed these effects in a cell/tissue type-specific context to highlight the factors influencing the switch between antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects. Finally, we raised some questions that need addressing for the potential translation of these studies into clinical applications. Further research into this duality in oxidant actions of apigenin, especially in vivo, may enable better exploitation of its anticancer potential. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Apigenin is a naturally occurring compound found in chamomile flowers, parsley, celery, peppermint, and citrus fruits. Many human trials of dietary interventions with apigenin-containing herbs and flavonoid mixture on oxidative stress markers, for instance, point to their antioxidant effects and health benefits in many diseases. Preclinical studies suggest that apigenin alone or its combination with chemotherapeutics has a strong anti-neoplastic effect and can induce ROS-mediated cytotoxicity at concentrations in the micromolar (μM) range, which may not be feasible with dietary interventions. Enhancing the in vivo pharmacokinetic properties of apigenin may be indispensable for its potential cancer-specific pro-oxidant therapy and may provide relevant information for clinical studies of apigenin either as a single agent or an adjuvant to chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolola R Oyenihi
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Ayodeji B Oyenihi
- Functional Foods Research Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Toyin D Alabi
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Oluwatosin G Tade
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anne A Adeyanju
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, KolaDaisi University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi O Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
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Bioactive compounds of parsley (Petroselinum crispum), chives (Allium schoenoprasum L) and their mixture (Brazilian cheiro-verde) as promising antioxidant and anti-cholesterol oxidation agents in a food system. Food Res Int 2022; 151:110864. [PMID: 34980400 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the bioactive composition and antioxidant potential of parsley, chives and their mixture (Brazilian cheiro-verde). Additionally, the effect of these herbs against cholesterol oxidation in grilled sardines (Sardinella brasiliensis) was also investigated. Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS) analyses revealed the presence of phenolic acids (caffeic, chlorogenic, and ferulic acids) and flavonoids (apigenin, kaempferol, catechin) in the herbs. Higher levels of phenolics (2.10 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g) and carotenoids (205.95 ± 0.17 µg/g) were determined in parsley extracts. Moreover, parsley also presented higher antioxidant capacity by DPPH (59.21 ± 0.07 %) and ORAC (109.94 ± 18.7 µM TE/g) than the other herbs. In vivo analyses demonstrated that the herbs' extracts decreased the damage on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells exposed to H2O2, except the chives extract at 10 μg/mL. Higher levels of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) were determined after grilling. The total COPs increased from 61.8 ± 0.7 (raw fish) to 139.7 ± 10.1 µg/g (control). However, the addition of herbs effectively reduced cholesterol oxides formation, this effect was more pronounced in fish containing 4% parsley and 4% cheiro-verde. Promising results were found for cheiro-verde; however, it did not present synergic antioxidant effects.
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Wang X, Li J, Zhao D, Li J. |Therapeutic and preventive effects of apigenin in cerebral ischemia: a review. Food Funct 2022; 13:11425-11437. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02599j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
APG can exert various protective effects against cerebral ischemia. Moreover, APG has shown a highly promising ability to prevent cerebral ischemia in terms of regulating blood glucose, blood pressure, lipids and gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jinjian Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Dexi Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
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Xu R, Jiang C, Zhou L, Li B, Hu Y, Guo Y, Xiao X, Lu S. Fabrication of Stable Apigenin Nanosuspension with PEG 400 as Antisolvent for Enhancing the Solubility and Bioavailability. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 23:12. [PMID: 34881399 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to prepare a stable apigenin nanosuspension with a drug concentration of 1.11 mg/mL through green and efficient antisolvent method. Compared with the traditional preparation process that may use toxic reagents, in this study, a green and effective strategy was applied for the preparation of stable apigenin nanosuspension by using an antisolvent method with PEG 400 as antisolvent to improve the solubility and bioavailability. It was found that the particle size of apigenin nanosuspension was about 280 nm, and the solubility and dissolution of the nanosuspension were 33 and 3 times higher than that of the apigenin, respectively. Pharmacokinetic study showed that the Cmax and AUC 0-8 h values of the nanosuspension in fasting rats achieved about 6- and 2.5-fold enhancement than that of the apigenin, respectively. Stability test showed that the apigenin nanosuspension could be stored stably for 12 months at 25℃. Taken together, the antisolvent method with PEG 400 was proven to be a green and effective method to prepare the stable nanosuspension of poorly soluble drugs.
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Sun Q, Zhang R, Xue X, Wu Q, Yang D, Wang C, Yan B, Liang X. Jinmaitong Alleviates Diabetic Neuropathic Pain Through Modulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Gasdermin D in Dorsal Root Ganglia of Diabetic Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:679188. [PMID: 34803664 PMCID: PMC8596020 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.679188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Jinmaitong (JMT) is a compound prescription of traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to treat diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) for many years. Here, we investigated the effects of JMT on the activation of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and pyroptosis in Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of diabetic rats. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were gavaged with JMT (0.88 g/kg/d) or alpha-lipoic acid (ALA, positive control, 0.48 mmol/kg/d) for 12 weeks. Distilled water was administered as a vehicle control to both diabetic and non-affected control rats. Blood glucose levels and body weights were measured. Behavioral changes were tested with mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and tail-flick latency (TFL) tests. Morphological injury associated with DRG was observed with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Nissl’s staining. mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome components (NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1), downstream IL-1β and gasdermin D (GSDMD) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real time-PCR and western blot. The results showed that JMT had no effect on blood glucose levels and body weights, but significantly improved MWT and TFL behavior in diabetic rats, and attenuated morphological damage in the DRG tissues. Importantly, JMT decreased the mRNA and protein levels of components of NLRP3 inflammasome, including NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1. JMT also down-regulated the expression of IL-1β and GSDMD in the DRG of DNP rats. In addition, ALA treatment did not perform better than JMT. In conclusion, JMT effectively relieved DNP by decreasing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis, providing new evidence supporting JMT as an alternative treatment for DNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Xue
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qunli Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochun Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sun Z, Zhao M, Zuo L, Zhou S, Fan F, Jia Q, Xue L, Li H, Kang J, Zhang X. Rapid qualitative profiling and quantitative analysis of Juglandis Mandshuricae Cortex and seven flavonoids by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:518-528. [PMID: 34784088 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Juglandis Mandshuricae Cortex is the bark of Juglans mandshurica Maxim., which has been used as a folk medicine plant in China and India. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry method was developed to clarify and quantify the chemical profiling of Juglandis Mandshuricae Cortex rapidly. A total of 113 compounds were characterized. Among them, seven flavonoids were simultaneously quantified in 15 min, including myricetin, myricetrin, taxifolin, kaempferol, quercetin, quercitrin, and naringenin. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, and the limits of detection and quantification. All calibration curves showed a good linear relationship (r > 0.9990) within test ranges. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were less than 2.16%. Accuracy validation showed that the recovery was between 95.6% and 101.3% with relative standard deviation values below 2.85%. The validated method was successfully applied to determine the contents of seven flavones in Juglandis Mandshuricae Cortex from seven sources and the contents of these places were calculated respectively. This method provides a theoretical basis for further developing the medicinal value of Juglandis Mandshuricae Cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mengfan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Feng Fan
- Department of Neurointerventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qingquan Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lianping Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hanbing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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Naomi R, Shafie NH, Kaniappan P, Bahari H. An Interactive Review on the Role of Tocotrienols in the Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Nutr 2021; 8:754086. [PMID: 34765631 PMCID: PMC8576197 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.754086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, are claimed to be of major concern causing a significant disease burden worldwide. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and nerve damage are the main reasons for the emergence of these diseases. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the common chemical molecule that is formed from all these three interdependent mechanisms which is highly reactive toward the neuronal cells. For these reasons, the administration of tocotrienols (T3s), which is a potent antioxidant, is proven to cater to this problem, through in vitro and in vivo investigations. Interestingly, their therapeutic potentials are not only limited to antioxidant property but also to being able to reverse the neuronal damage and act as a shield for mitochondria dysfunction. Thereby, T3s prevents the damage to the neurons. In regards to this statement, in this review, we focused on summarizing and discussing the potential therapeutic role of T3s on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and their protective mechanisms based on evidence from the in vitro and in vivo studies. However, there is no clinical trial conducted to prove the efficacy of T3s for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's subjects. As such, the therapeutic role of T3s for these neurodegenerative disorders is still under debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Naomi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Husna Shafie
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Priyatharisni Kaniappan
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Development and Characterization of Calcium-Alginate Beads of Apigenin: In Vitro Antitumor, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19080467. [PMID: 34436306 PMCID: PMC8402235 DOI: 10.3390/md19080467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to develop sustained-release Ca-alginate beads of apigenin using sodium alginate, a natural polysaccharide. Six batches were prepared by applying the ionotropic gelation technique, wherein calcium chloride was used as a crosslinking agent. The beads were evaluated for particle size, drug loading, percentage yield, and in vitro drug release. Particle size was found to decrease, and drug entrapment efficiency was enhanced with an increase in the polymer concentration. The dissolution study showed sustained drug release from the apigenin-loaded alginate beads with an increase in the polymer proportion. Based on the dissolution profiles, BD6 formulation was optimized and characterized for FTIR, DSC, XRD, and SEM, results of which indicated successful development of apigenin-loaded Ca alginate beads. MTT assay demonstrated a potential anticancer effect against the breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines. The antimicrobial activity exhibited effective inhibition in the bacterial and fungal growth rate. The DPPH measurement revealed that the formulation had substantial antioxidant activity, with EC50 value slightly lowered compared to pure apigenin. A stability study demonstrated that the BD6 was stable with similar (f2) drug release profiles in harsh condition. In conclusion, alginate-based beads could be used for sustaining the drug release of poorly water-soluble apigenin while also improving in vitro antitumor, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity.
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Piva RC, Verdan MH, Branquinho LS, Kassuya CAL, Cardoso CAL. Anti-inflammatory activity and chemical composition of aqueous extract and essential oil from leaves of Ocimum selloi Benth. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114136. [PMID: 33892069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The population uses the aqueous extract as tea from leaves of Ocimum selloi Benth. (alfavaca) for pain and inflammation issues. This study is motivated by a lack of data about inflammation properties of O. selloi. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity, in mice models, of the aqueous extract (OSAE) and essential oil (OSEO) obtained from leaves of O. selloi. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were evaluated for samples, although chemical composition was obtained by U-HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS for OSAE and GC-MS for OSEO. OSAE and OSEO were tested orally at doses of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg at the carrageenan-induced pleurisy and paw edema, also mechanical hyperalgesia, in mice. RESULTS Four glycosylated flavonoids and one organic acid were identified in OSAE, and nine substances in OSEO, the two majoritarian are E-anethole and methyl chavicol. Oral treatments with OSAE and OSEO significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced pleurisy in female Swiss mice, besides OSAE and OSEO significantly prevented paw edema (after 1, 2, and 4 h), mechanical hyperalgesia (after 3 and 4 h), and cold hyperalgesia 3 h after carrageenan model in male Swiss mice. The dose of 300 mg/kg of OSEO reduced cold hyperalgesia 4 h after carrageenan. CONCLUSION The results evidenced the anti-inflammatory, anti-edematogenic, anti-hyperalgesic, and anti-nociceptive potentials of both materials obtained from leaves of O. selloi, mainly OSAE, supporting the popular use of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Cremonezi Piva
- Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 364, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Maria Helena Verdan
- Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 364, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Lidiane Schultz Branquinho
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 364, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Cândida Aparecida Leite Kassuya
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 364, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
- Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 364, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Center of Studies in Natural Resources, State University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UEMS), Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 364, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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Serina JJC, Castilho PCMF. Using polyphenols as a relevant therapy to diabetes and its complications, a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8355-8387. [PMID: 34028316 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1927977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is currently a worldwide health concern. Hyperglycemia, hypertension, obesity, and oxidative stress are the major risk factors that inevitably lead to all the complications from diabetes. These complications severely impact the quality of life of patients, and they can be managed, reduced, or even reverted by several polyphenols, plant extracts and foods rich in these compounds. The goal of this review is to approach diabetes not as a single condition but rather an interconnected combination of risk factors and complications. This work shows that polyphenols have multi target action and effects and they have been systematically proven to be relevant in the reduction of each risk factor and improvement of associated complication.
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Singla RK, Agarwal T, He X, Shen B. Herbal Resources to Combat a Progressive & Degenerative Nervous System Disorder- Parkinson's Disease. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:609-630. [PMID: 33050857 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999201013155202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is one of the most common adult-onset, a chronic disorder involving neurodegeneration, which progressively leads to deprivation of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra, causing a subsequent reduction of dopamine levels in the striatum resulting in tremor, myotonia, and dyskinesia. Genetics and environmental factors are believed to be responsible for the onset of Parkinson's disease. The exact pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is quite complicated and the present anti-Parkinson's disease treatments appear to be clinically insufficient. Comprehensive researches have demonstrated the use of natural products such as ginseng, curcumin, ashwagandha, baicalein, etc. for the symptomatic treatment of this disease. The neuroprotective effects exhibited by these natural products are mainly due to their ability to increase dopamine levels in the striatum, manage oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, glutathione levels, clear the aggregation of α- synuclein, induce autophagy and decrease the pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipid peroxidation. This paper reviews various natural product studies conducted by scientists to establish the role of natural products (both metabolite extracts as well as pure metabolites) as adjunctive neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tanya Agarwal
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Sohna Road, Gurugram-122103, India
| | - Xuefei He
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Jittiwat J, Chonpathompikunlert P, Sukketsiri W. Neuroprotective effects of Apium graveolens against focal cerebral ischemia occur partly via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic pathways. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2256-2263. [PMID: 33006386 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a neurological disease caused by a sudden disturbance of cerebral blood flow to the brain, leading to loss of brain function. Recently, accumulating lines of evidence have suggested that dietary enrichment with nutritional antioxidants could reduce brain damage and improve cognitive function. In this study, we investigated the possible protective effects of Apium graveolens, a medicinal plant with putative neuroprotective activity, against oxidative-stress-related brain damage and brain damage due to inflammation induced by focal cerebral ischemia. METHODS Male adult Wistar rats were administered with an extract of A. graveolens orally 14 days before permanent occlusion of their right middle cerebral artery. The brain infarct volumes of rats in each group were determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and the density of neurons in the cortex and hippocampus of rats was determined by cresyl violet staining. The levels of malondialdehyde, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the rats were also quantified at the end of the study period. RESULTS Our results show that A. graveolens extract significantly decreased infarct volume and improved neuronal density in the cortex and hippocampus of rats receiving A. graveolens extract compared with those rats receiving no treatment. This neuroprotective effect was found to occur partly due to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that A. graveolens helps to reduce the severity of cognitive damage caused by focal cerebral ischemia. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinatta Jittiwat
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Pennapa Chonpathompikunlert
- Expert Centre of Innovative Health Food (InnoFood), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Wanida Sukketsiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Song W, Sun Y, Liang XC, Zhang Q, Xie J, Wang C, Liu W. Jinmaitong ameliorates diabetes-induced peripheral neuropathy in rats through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113461. [PMID: 33039625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jinmaitong (JMT) is a prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which is composed of ten herbal drugs and two animal drugs. It has long been used for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). AIM OF STUDY Wnt/β-catenin pathway is considered as an essential and direct driver of myelinogenesis. This study aims to evaluate the protective effect of JMT against DPN dynamically during a 16-weeks' treatment, and to investigate the underlying mechanism in which the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetic model was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ) using male Sprague-Dawley rats. The model rats were divided into five groups and administrated with JMT at three doses (0.437, 0.875, and 1.75 g/kg per day), neurotropin (positive drug, 2.67 NU/kg per day), and placebo (deionized water), respectively, for continuous 8 weeks (n = 9-10), 12 weeks (n = 8-10), or 16 weeks (n = 7-9). Meanwhile, rats in control group were administrated with placebo (n = 10 for 8 weeks, n = 9 for 12 and 16 weeks, respectively). Blood glucose and body weight were monitored every four weeks. Mechanical allodynia was assessed using mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) test. The morphological change of sciatic nerves were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain. The mRNA and protein levels of targeted genes were evaluated by quantitative real time-PCR and western bolt, respectively. Myelin protein zero (MPZ) and mediators involved in Wnt/β-catenin pathway, such as β-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), and WNT inhibitory factor-1 (WIF-1), were compared among different groups after treatment of 8, 12, and 16 weeks, respectively. RESULTS The mechanical allodynia and peripheral nerve morphology were degenerated in DPN rats over time, and notably improved after JMT-treatment of 12 and 16 weeks. The decreased MPZ level in DPN rats were also significantly amended by JMT. More importantly, we found that the suppressed Wnt/β-catenin pathway in sciatic nerves of DPN rats was overtly up-regulated by JMT in a time-dependent manner. Among the three doses, JMT at the middle dose showed the best effect. CONCLUSIONS JMT effectively ameliorated diabetic-induced peripheral neuropathy, which was mediated by the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This study provided new perspective to understand the neuroprotective mechanism of JMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China; Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao-Chun Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
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Abbaszadeh F, Fakhri S, Khan H. Targeting apoptosis and autophagy following spinal cord injury: Therapeutic approaches to polyphenols and candidate phytochemicals. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105069. [PMID: 32652198 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurological disorder associated with the loss of sensory and motor function. Understanding the precise dysregulated signaling pathways, especially apoptosis and autophagy following SCI, is of vital importance in developing innovative therapeutic targets and treatments. The present study lies in the fact that it reveals the precise dysregulated signaling mediators of apoptotic and autophagic pathways following SCI and also examines the effects of polyphenols and other candidate phytochemicals. It provides new insights to develop new treatments for post-SCI complications. Accordingly, a comprehensive review was conducted using electronic databases including, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Medline, along with the authors' expertise in apoptosis and autophagy as well as their knowledge about the effects of polyphenols and other phytochemicals on SCI pathogenesis. The primary mechanical injury to spinal cord is followed by a secondary cascade of apoptosis and autophagy that play critical roles during SCI. In terms of pharmacological mechanisms, caspases, Bax/Bcl-2, TNF-α, and JAK/STAT in apoptosis along with LC3 and Beclin-1 in autophagy have shown a close interconnection with the inflammatory pathways mainly glutamatergic, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, ERK/MAPK, and other cross-linked mediators. Besides, apoptotic pathways have been shown to regulate autophagy mediators and vice versa. Prevailing evidence has highlighted the importance of modulating these signaling mediators/pathways by polyphenols and other candidate phytochemicals post-SCI. The present review provides dysregulated signaling mediators and therapeutic targets of apoptotic and autophagic pathways following SCI, focusing on the modulatory effects of polyphenols and other potential phytochemical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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Apigenin Protects Mouse Retina against Oxidative Damage by Regulating the Nrf2 Pathway and Autophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9420704. [PMID: 32509154 PMCID: PMC7244986 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9420704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a critical factor in the pathology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Apigenin (AP) is a flavonoid with an outstanding antioxidant activity. We had previously observed that AP protected APRE-19 cells against oxidative injury in vitro. However, AP has poor water and fat solubility, which determines its low oral bioavailability. In this study, we prepared the solid dispersion of apigenin (AP-SD). The solubility and dissolution of AP-SD was significantly better than that of the original drug, so the oral bioavailability in rats was better than that of the original drug. Then, the effects of AP-SD on the retina of a model mouse with dry AMD were assessed by fundus autofluorescence (FAF), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and electron microscopy; the results revealed that AP-SD alleviated retinopathy. Further research found that AP-SD promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and increased expression levels of the Nrf2 and target genes HO-1 and NQO-1. AP-SD enhanced the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased the levels of ROS and MDA. Furthermore, AP-SD upregulated the expressions of p62 and LC3II in an Nrf2-dependent manner. However, these effects of AP-SD were observed only in the retina of Nrf2 WT mice, not in Nrf2 KO mice. In addition, the therapeutic effect of AP-SD was dose dependent, and AP did not work. In conclusion, AP-SD significantly enhanced the bioavailability of the original drug and reduced retinal oxidative injury in the model mouse of dry AMD in vivo. The results of the underlying mechanism showed that AP-SD upregulated the expression of antioxidant enzymes through the Nrf2 pathway and upregulated autophagy, thus inhibiting retinal oxidative damage. AP-SD may be a potential compound for the treatment of dry AMD.
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Rodríguez-García C, Sánchez-Quesada C, Gaforio JJ. Dietary Flavonoids as Cancer Chemopreventive Agents: An Updated Review of Human Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E137. [PMID: 31109072 PMCID: PMC6562590 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, interest in health research has increased, making improved health a global goal for 2030. The purpose of such research is to ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing across individuals of all ages. It has been shown that nutrition plays a key role in the prevention of some chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. One of the aspects that characterises a healthy diet is a high intake of vegetables and fruits, as both are flavonoid-rich foods. Flavonoids are one of the main subclasses of dietary polyphenols and possess strong antioxidant activity and anti-carcinogenic properties. Moreover, some population-based studies have described a relationship between cancer risk and dietary flavonoid intake. In this context, the goal of this review was to provide an updated evaluation of the association between the risk of different types of cancers and dietary flavonoid intake. We analysed all relevant epidemiological studies from January 2008 to March 2019 using the PUBMED and Web of Science databases. In summary, this review concludes that dietary flavonoid intake is associated with a reduced risk of different types of cancer, such as gastric, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rodríguez-García
- Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaen, Campus las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (C.R.-G.); (C.S.-Q.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Quesada
- Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaen, Campus las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (C.R.-G.); (C.S.-Q.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
- Agri-Food Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 14005 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José J. Gaforio
- Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaen, Campus las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (C.R.-G.); (C.S.-Q.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
- Agri-Food Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 14005 Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBER-ESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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