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Shu HY, Chen CC, Ku HT, Wang CL, Wu KM, Weng HY, Liu ST, Chen CL, Chiu CH. Complete genome sequence of Bacillus halotolerans F29-3, a fengycin-producing strain. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0124623. [PMID: 38451104 PMCID: PMC11008187 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01246-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacillus halotolerans F29-3, a Gram-positive bacterium, is recognized for its synthesis of the antifungal substance fengycin. This announcement introduces the complete genome sequence and provides insights into the genetic products related to antibiotic secondary metabolites, including non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), polyketide synthase (PKS), and NRPS/PKS combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yu Shu
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chi Chen
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Tzu Ku
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Wang
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Keh-Ming Wu
- Bioinformatics Department, Welgene Biotech Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ying Weng
- Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Tung Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Liang Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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2
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Choi GH, Holzapfel WH, Todorov SD. Diversity of the bacteriocins, their classification and potential applications in combat of antibiotic resistant and clinically relevant pathogens. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:578-597. [PMID: 35731254 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2090227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is almost a century since discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming, a century of enthusiasm, abuse, facing development of antibiotic-resistance and clear conclusion that the modern medicine needs a new type of antimicrobials. Bacteriocins produced by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryotes were widely explored as potential antimicrobials with several applications in food industry. In last two decades bacteriocins showed their potential as promising alternative therapeutic for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Bacteriocins can be characterised as highly selective antimicrobials and therapeutics with low cytotoxicity. Most probably in order to solve the problems associated with the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the application of natural or bioengineered bacteriocins in addition to synergistically acting preparations of bacteriocins and conventional antibiotics, can be the next step in combat versus drug-resistant pathogens. In this overview we focussed on diversity of specific lactic acid bacteria and their bacteriocins. Moreover, some additional examples of bacteriocins from non-lactic acid, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Archaea and eukaryotic organisms are presented and discussed. Therapeutic properties of bacteriocins, their bioengineering and combined applications, together with conventional antibiotics, were evaluated with the scope of application in human and veterinary medicine for combating (multi-)drug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gee-Hyeun Choi
- ProBacLab, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Wilhelm Heinrich Holzapfel
- Human Effective Microbes, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
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3
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Salman MK, Abuqwider J, Mauriello G. Anti-Quorum Sensing Activity of Probiotics: The Mechanism and Role in Food and Gut Health. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030793. [PMID: 36985366 PMCID: PMC10056907 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-to-cell communication mechanism that occurs between inter- and intra-bacterial species and is regulated by signaling molecules called autoinducers (AIs). It has been suggested that probiotics can exert a QS inhibitory effect through their metabolites. Purpose: To provide an overview of (1) the anti-QS activity of probiotics and its mechanism against foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria; (2) the potential role of the QS of probiotics in gut health; and (3) the impact of microencapsulation on QS. Results: Lactobacillus species have been extensively studied for their anti-QS activity and have been found to effectively disrupt QS in vitro. However, their effectiveness in a food matrix is yet to be determined as they interfere with the AI receptor or its synthesis. QS plays an important role in both the biofilm formation of probiotics and pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, in vitro and animal studies have shown that QS molecules can modulate cytokine responses and gut dysbiosis and maintain intestinal barrier function. In this scenario, microencapsulation was found to enhance AI activity. However, its impact on the anti-QS activity of probiotics and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Conclusions: Probiotics are potential candidates to block QS activity in foodborne pathogenic and food spoilage bacteria. Microencapsulation increases QS efficacy. However, more research is still needed for the identification of the QS inhibitory metabolites from probiotics and for the elucidation of the anti-QS mechanism of probiotics (microcapsules and free cells) in food and the human gut.
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Iqbal S, Begum F, Rabaan AA, Aljeldah M, Al Shammari BR, Alawfi A, Alshengeti A, Sulaiman T, Khan A. Classification and Multifaceted Potential of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Bacillus subtilis Group: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030927. [PMID: 36770594 PMCID: PMC9919246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their remarkable biosynthetic potential, Bacillus subtilis have been widely overlooked. However, their capability to withstand harsh conditions (extreme temperature, Ultraviolet (UV) and γ-radiation, and dehydration) and the promiscuous metabolites they synthesize have created increased commercial interest in them as a therapeutic agent, a food preservative, and a plant-pathogen control agent. Nevertheless, the commercial-scale availability of these metabolites is constrained due to challenges in their accessibility via synthesis and low fermentation yields. In the context of this rising in interest, we comprehensively visualized the antimicrobial peptides produced by B. subtilis and highlighted their prospective applications in various industries. Moreover, we proposed and classified these metabolites produced by the B. subtilis group based on their biosynthetic pathways and chemical structures. The biosynthetic pathway, bioactivity, and chemical structure are discussed in detail for each class. We believe that this review will spark a renewed interest in the often disregarded B. subtilis and its remarkable biosynthetic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Iqbal
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: or
| | - Farida Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Aljeldah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39831, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim R. Al Shammari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39831, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulsalam Alawfi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Alshengeti
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Prince Mohammad Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, National Guard Health Affairs, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Sulaiman
- Infectious Diseases Section, Medical Specialties Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 12231, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alam Khan
- Department of Life Sciences, Abasyn University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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5
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Ongpipattanakul C, Desormeaux EK, DiCaprio A, van der Donk WA, Mitchell DA, Nair SK. Mechanism of Action of Ribosomally Synthesized and Post-Translationally Modified Peptides. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14722-14814. [PMID: 36049139 PMCID: PMC9897510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a natural product class that has undergone significant expansion due to the rapid growth in genome sequencing data and recognition that they are made by biosynthetic pathways that share many characteristic features. Their mode of actions cover a wide range of biological processes and include binding to membranes, receptors, enzymes, lipids, RNA, and metals as well as use as cofactors and signaling molecules. This review covers the currently known modes of action (MOA) of RiPPs. In turn, the mechanisms by which these molecules interact with their natural targets provide a rich set of molecular paradigms that can be used for the design or evolution of new or improved activities given the relative ease of engineering RiPPs. In this review, coverage is limited to RiPPs originating from bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanid Ongpipattanakul
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Emily K. Desormeaux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Adam DiCaprio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Wilfred A. van der Donk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Department of Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Departments of Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Corresponding authors Wilfred A. van der Donk, , 217-244-5360, Douglas A. Mitchell, , 217-333-1345, Satish K. Nair, , 217-333-0641
| | - Douglas A. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Departments of Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Corresponding authors Wilfred A. van der Donk, , 217-244-5360, Douglas A. Mitchell, , 217-333-1345, Satish K. Nair, , 217-333-0641
| | - Satish K. Nair
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Departments of Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Corresponding authors Wilfred A. van der Donk, , 217-244-5360, Douglas A. Mitchell, , 217-333-1345, Satish K. Nair, , 217-333-0641
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6
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Gabashvili E, Kobakhidze S, Chkhikvishvili T, Tabatadze L, Tsiklauri R, Dadiani K, Kotetishvili M. Bacteriophage-Mediated Risk Pathways Underlying the Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance via Intrageneric and Intergeneric Recombination of Antibiotic Efflux Genes Across Natural populations of Human Pathogenic Bacteria. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:213-226. [PMID: 34467445 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01846-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance continues to be a significant and growing threat to global public health, being driven by the emerging drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant strains of human and animal bacterial pathogens. While bacteriophages are generally known to be one of the vehicles of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), it remains largely unclear how these organisms contribute to the dissemination of the genetic loci encoding for antibiotic efflux pumps, especially those that confer multidrug resistance, in bacteria. In this study, the in-silico recombination analyses provided strong statistical evidence for bacteriophage-mediated intra-species recombination of ARGs, encoding mainly for the antibiotic efflux proteins from the MF superfamily, as well as from the ABC and RND families, in Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus suis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Burkholderia pseudomallei. Events of bacteriophage-driven intrageneric recombination of some of these genes could be also elucidated among Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus tropicus natural populations. Moreover, we could also reveal the patterns of intergeneric recombination, involving the MF superfamily transporter-encoding genetic loci, induced by a Mycobacterium smegmatis phage, in natural populations of Streptomyces harbinensis and Streptomyces chartreusis. The SplitsTree- (fit: 100; bootstrap values: 92.7-100; Phi p ≤ 0.2414), RDP4- (p ≤ 0.0361), and GARD-generated data strongly supported the above genetic recombination inferences in these in-silico analyses. Thus, based on this pilot study, it can be suggested that the above mode of bacteriophage-mediated recombination plays at least some role in the emergence and transmission of multidrug resistance across a fairly broad spectrum of bacterial species and genera including human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterine Gabashvili
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University, 1 Giorgi Tsereteli exit, 0162, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Bioinformatics Core, Scientific-Research Center of Agriculture, 6 Marshal Gelovani ave, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Saba Kobakhidze
- Division of Risk Assessment, Scientific-Research Center of Agriculture, 6 Marshal Gelovani ave, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Tamar Chkhikvishvili
- Bioinformatics Core, Scientific-Research Center of Agriculture, 6 Marshal Gelovani ave, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Leila Tabatadze
- Bioinformatics Core, Scientific-Research Center of Agriculture, 6 Marshal Gelovani ave, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Rusudan Tsiklauri
- Faculty of Medicine, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 1 Ilia Chavchavadze Ave, 0179, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Quality Investment in Livestock (SQIL), Land O'Lakes Venture37 Inc. - Safety &, 0179, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Ketevan Dadiani
- Division of Risk Assessment, Scientific-Research Center of Agriculture, 6 Marshal Gelovani ave, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Mamuka Kotetishvili
- Division of Risk Assessment, Scientific-Research Center of Agriculture, 6 Marshal Gelovani ave, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia.
- Hygiene and Medical Ecology, G. Natadze Scientific-Research Institute of Sanitation, 78 D. Uznadze St, 0102, Tbilisi, Georgia.
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7
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Moon EC, Park MS, Lim T, Kim RH, Ji GE, Kim SY, Hwang KT. Antibacterial effect of cell-free supernatant fraction from Lactobacillus paracasei CH88 against Gardnerella vaginalis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4763. [PMID: 35306534 PMCID: PMC8934363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection in reproductive women, which is characterized by depleted level of lactic acid bacteria and overgrowth of anaerobes such as Gardnerella vaginalis spp. Lactic acid bacteria have been known to be beneficial for amelioration of BV, since they produce antimicrobial substances against G. vaginalis spp. The objectives of this study were to characterize different fractions of cell-free supernatant of Lactobacillus paracasei CH88 (LCFS) and investigate antibacterial activity of the LCFS fractions against G. vaginalis in-vitro and in-vivo. Antibacterial activity of the LCFS was stable during thermal treatment up to 120 °C for 30 min and maintained at pH ranging from 3.0 to 13.0 except pH 5.0. Fraction below 3 kDa of the LCFS partially lost its antibacterial activity after treatment with proteolytic enzymes. Precipitated protein fraction below 3 kDa of the LCFS (< 3 kDa LCFSP) inhibited the growth and biofilm formation of G. vaginalis. Treatment of L. paracasei CH88 or the < 3 kDa LCFSP attenuated G. vaginalis-induced BV in mice by inhibiting the growth of G. vaginalis, reducing exfoliation of vaginal epithelial cells, and regulating immune response. These results suggest that L. paracasei CH88 may have potential in ameliorating G. vaginalis-induced BV.
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8
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Isolation and Chemical Characterization of an Alpha-Helical Peptide, Dendrocin-ZM1, Derived from Zataria multiflora Boiss with Potent Antibacterial Activity. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:326-336. [PMID: 35050481 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09907-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Today, resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics has become a major challenge. To overcome this problem, development of new drugs, besides research on their antibacterial activity, is essential. Among chemical components, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibit antibacterial activity and can be selected as suitable antimicrobial candidates. In this study, a novel antimicrobial peptide, called dendrocin-ZM1, with a molecular weight of ~3716.48 Da, was isolated from Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZM) and purified via precipitation with ammonium sulfate and reverse-phase HPLC chromatography; it was then sequenced via Edman degradation. The in silico method was used to examine the physicochemical properties of dendrocin-ZM1. In this study, four reference strains (gram-positive and gram-negative) and one clinical vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain were used to survey the antimicrobial activities. Moreover, to examine cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity, a HEK-293 cell line and human red blood cells (RBCs) were used, respectively. Evaluation of the physicochemical properties of dendrocin-ZM1, as an AMP, indicated a net charge of + 7 and a hydrophobicity percentage of 54%. This peptide had an amphipathic alpha-helical conformation. It exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activities against the tested strains at minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 4-16 μg/mL. Besides, this peptide showed negligible hemolysis and cytotoxicity in the MIC range. It also exhibited heat stability at temperatures of 20 to 80 °C and was active in a broad pH range (from 6.0 to 10.0). Overall, the present results suggested dendrocin-ZM1 as a remarkable antimicrobial candidate.
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9
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Antimicrobial Bacillus: Metabolites and Their Mode of Action. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11010088. [PMID: 35052965 PMCID: PMC8772736 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The agricultural industry utilizes antibiotic growth promoters to promote livestock growth and health. However, the World Health Organization has raised concerns over the ongoing spread of antibiotic resistance transmission in the populace, leading to its subsequent ban in several countries, especially in the European Union. These restrictions have translated into an increase in pathogenic outbreaks in the agricultural industry, highlighting the need for an economically viable, non-toxic, and renewable alternative to antibiotics in livestock. Probiotics inhibit pathogen growth, promote a beneficial microbiota, regulate the immune response of its host, enhance feed conversion to nutrients, and form biofilms that block further infection. Commonly used lactic acid bacteria probiotics are vulnerable to the harsh conditions of the upper gastrointestinal system, leading to novel research using spore-forming bacteria from the genus Bacillus. However, the exact mechanisms behind Bacillus probiotics remain unexplored. This review tackles this issue, by reporting antimicrobial compounds produced from Bacillus strains, their proposed mechanisms of action, and any gaps in the mechanism studies of these compounds. Lastly, this paper explores omics approaches to clarify the mechanisms behind Bacillus probiotics.
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10
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Afifirad R, Darb Emamie A, Golmoradi Zadeh R, Asadollahi P, Ghanavati R, Darbandi A. Effects of Pro/Prebiotics Alone over Pro/Prebiotics Combined with Conventional Antibiotic Therapy to Treat Bacterial Vaginosis: A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:4774783. [PMID: 35685517 PMCID: PMC9159122 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4774783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial vaginosis (BV), caused by an imbalance in the vaginal microbiota, can be treated and prevented by probiotics. Pregnant women with BV can experience premature labor and spontaneous abortions. Probiotics and prebiotics promote the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms, alter the composition of the vaginal microbiota, and prevent intravaginal infections in postmenopausal women. In addition to reducing infection symptoms, pre/probiotics can also help prevent vaginal infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review was conducted on studies from 2010 to 2020 to determine the efficacy of pre/probiotics on the treatment of BV in pregnant and nonpregnant women. The databases Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar were systematically searched using the following keywords: "bacterial vaginosis," "probiotics," "prebiotics," and "synbiotics." RESULTS A total of 1,871 articles were found in the initial search, and 24 clinical trials were considered eligible. In studies comparing the effects of pre/probiotics and placebos with or without antibiotic therapy in patients with BV, significant differences in clinical outcomes were observed. Probiotics reduced the levels of IL-1β and IL-6, as well as the overall Nugent score and Amsel's criteria for restitution of a balanced vaginal microbiota. In addition, probiotics can reduce the vaginal colonization of Group B streptococci among pregnant women. In subjects treated with probiotics, BV cure rates were higher than those in subjects treated with antibiotics. There were no additional adverse events. CONCLUSION Pre/probiotic regimens, when used for BV treatment, are usually safe and can exhibit long-term and short-term benefits. In order to prove the benefits of pre/probiotics in BV treatment, additional high-quality research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Afifirad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Darb Emamie
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Golmoradi Zadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Asadollahi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | | | - Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Cao L, Do T, Link AJ. Mechanisms of action of ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs). J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:6121428. [PMID: 33928382 PMCID: PMC8183687 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural products remain a critical source of medicines and drug leads. One of the most rapidly growing superclasses of natural products is RiPPs: ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides. RiPPs have rich and diverse bioactivities. This review highlights examples of the molecular mechanisms of action that underly those bioactivities. Particular emphasis is placed on RiPP/target interactions for which there is structural information. This detailed mechanism of action work is critical toward the development of RiPPs as therapeutics and can also be used to prioritize hits in RiPP genome mining studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Truc Do
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - A James Link
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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12
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Algburi A, Alazzawi SA, Al-Ezzy AIA, Weeks R, Chistyakov V, Chikindas ML. Potential Probiotics Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895 Co-Aggregate with Clinical Isolates of Proteus mirabilis and Prevent Biofilm Formation. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:1471-1483. [PMID: 31989448 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09631-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a multi-factorial disease including cystitis, pyelonephritis, and pyelitis. After Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis is the most common UTI-associated opportunistic pathogen. Antibiotic resistance of bacteria and infection recurrence can be connected to biofilm formation by P. mirabilis. In this study, human and sheep isolates of P. mirabilis were investigated for antibiotic sensitivity using an antibiotic disk test. Co-aggregation of the tested potential probiotic bacilli, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895 and Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933, with the isolated pathogen was also evaluated. Then, the anti-biofilm activity of naturally derived metabolites, such as subtilin and subtilosin, in the bacilli-free supernatants was assessed against biofilms of P. mirabilis isolates. The isolated pathogens were sensitive to 30 μg of amikacin and 5 μg of ciprofloxacin but resistant to other tested antibiotics. After 24 h, auto-aggregation of B. amyloliquefaciens B-1895 was at 89.5% and higher than auto-aggregation of B. subtilis KATMIRA1933 (59.5%). B. amyloliquefaciens B-1895 strongly co-aggregated with P. mirabilis isolates from human UTIs. Cell-free supernatants of B. amyloliquefaciens B-1895 and B. subtilis KATMIRA1933 showed higher antimicrobial activity against biofilms of P. mirabilis isolated from humans as compared with biofilms of sheep isolates. According to our knowledge, this is the first report evaluating the anti-biofilm activity of probiotic spore-forming bacilli against clinical and animal UTI isolates of P. mirabilis. Further studies are recommended to investigate the anti-biofilm activity and the mode of action for the antimicrobial substances produced by these bacilli, subtilosin and subtilin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Algburi
- Department of Biotechnology, Science College, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq.
| | - Sarah A Alazzawi
- Department of Microbiology, Veterinary College, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq
| | - Ali Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq
| | - Richard Weeks
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Michael L Chikindas
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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13
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Zhao X, Kuipers OP. BrevicidineB, a New Member of the Brevicidine Family, Displays an Extended Target Specificity. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:693117. [PMID: 34177875 PMCID: PMC8219939 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.693117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The group of bacterial non-ribosomally produced peptides (NRPs) has formed a rich source for drug development. Brevicidine, a bacterial non-ribosomally produced cyclic lipo-dodecapeptide, displays selective antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative pathogens. Here, we show that brevicidineB, which contains a single substitution (Tyr2 to Phe2) in the amino acid sequence of the linear part of brevicidine, has a broadened antimicrobial spectrum, showing bactericidal activity against both Gram-negative (with a MIC value of 2 to 4 mg/L) and Gram-positive (with a MIC value of 2 to 8 mg/L) pathogens. Compared with an earlier reported member of the brevicidine family, the broadened antimicrobial spectrum of brevicidineB is caused by its increased membrane disruptive capacity on Gram-positive pathogens, which was evidenced by fluorescence microscopy assays. In addition, DiSC3(5) and resazurin assays show that brevicidine and brevicidineB exert their antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria via disrupting the proton motive force of cells. Notably, as a brevicidine family member, brevicidineB also showed neither hemolytic activity nor cytotoxicity at a high concentration of 64 mg/L. This study provides a promising antibiotic candidate (brevicidineB) with a broad antimicrobial spectrum, and provides novel insights into the antimicrobial mode of action of brevicidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghong Zhao
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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14
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Rigo GV, Tasca T. Vaginitis: Review on Drug Resistance. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:1672-1686. [PMID: 32753007 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200804112340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Female genital tract infections have a high incidence among different age groups and represent an important impact on public health. Among them, vaginitis refers to inflammation of the vulva and/or vagina due to the presence of pathogens that cause trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis. Several discomforts are associated with these infections, as well as pregnancy complications and the facilitation of HIV transmission and acquisition. The increasing resistance of microorganisms to drugs used in therapy is remarkable, since women report the recurrence of these infections and associated comorbidities. Different resistant mechanisms already described for the drugs used in the therapy against Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida spp., and Gardnerella vaginalis, as well as aspects related to pathogenesis and treatment, are discussed in this review. This study aims to contribute to drug design, avoiding therapy ineffectiveness due to drug resistance. Effective alternative therapies to treat vaginitis will reduce the recurrence of infections and, consequently, the high costs generated in the health system, improving women's well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Vargas Rigo
- Research Group on Trichomonas, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiana Tasca
- Research Group on Trichomonas, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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15
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Li J, Fernández-Millán P, Boix E. Synergism between Host Defence Peptides and Antibiotics Against Bacterial Infections. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:1238-1263. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200303122626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to conventional antibiotics is becoming one of the main global health threats and novel alternative strategies are urging. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), once forgotten, are coming back into the scene as promising tools to overcome bacterial resistance. Recent findings have attracted attention to the potentiality of AMPs to work as antibiotic adjuvants.Methods:In this review, we have tried to collect the currently available information on the mechanism of action of AMPs in synergy with other antimicrobial agents. In particular, we have focused on the mechanisms of action that mediate the inhibition of the emergence of bacterial resistance by AMPs.Results and Conclusion:We find in the literature many examples where AMPs can significantly reduce the antibiotic effective concentration. Mainly, the peptides work at the bacterial cell wall and thereby facilitate the drug access to its intracellular target. Complementarily, AMPs can also contribute to permeate the exopolysaccharide layer of biofilm communities, or even prevent bacterial adhesion and biofilm growth. Secondly, we find other peptides that can directly block the emergence of bacterial resistance mechanisms or interfere with the community quorum-sensing systems. Interestingly, the effective peptide concentrations for adjuvant activity and inhibition of bacterial resistance are much lower than the required for direct antimicrobial action. Finally, many AMPs expressed by innate immune cells are endowed with immunomodulatory properties and can participate in the host response against infection. Recent studies in animal models confirm that AMPs work as adjuvants at non-toxic concentrations and can be safely administrated for novel combined chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - Pablo Fernández-Millán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
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16
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Mo T, Ji X, Yuan W, Mandalapu D, Wang F, Zhong Y, Li F, Chen Q, Ding W, Deng Z, Yu S, Zhang Q. Thuricin Z: A Narrow‐Spectrum Sactibiotic that Targets the Cell Membrane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18793-18797. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianlu Mo
- Department of ChemistryFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Xinjian Ji
- Department of ChemistryFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of ChemistryFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Dhanaraju Mandalapu
- Department of ChemistryFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
- Institute of Mass SpectrometrySchool of Material Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Fangting Wang
- Department of ChemistryFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yuting Zhong
- Department of ChemistryFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Fuyou Li
- Department of ChemistryFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of ChemistryFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Wei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismSchool of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismSchool of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Shaoning Yu
- Institute of Mass SpectrometrySchool of Material Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of ChemistryFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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17
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Mo T, Ji X, Yuan W, Mandalapu D, Wang F, Zhong Y, Li F, Chen Q, Ding W, Deng Z, Yu S, Zhang Q. Thuricin Z: A Narrow‐Spectrum Sactibiotic that Targets the Cell Membrane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianlu Mo
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Xinjian Ji
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Dhanaraju Mandalapu
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Fangting Wang
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yuting Zhong
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Fuyou Li
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Wei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Shaoning Yu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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18
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Bhattacharya A, Stacy A, Bashey F. Suppression of bacteriocin resistance using live, heterospecific competitors. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1191-1200. [PMID: 31293631 PMCID: PMC6597863 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapidly spreading antibiotic resistance has led to the need for novel alternatives and sustainable strategies for antimicrobial use. Bacteriocins are a class of proteinaceous anticompetitor toxins under consideration as novel therapeutic agents. However, bacteriocins, like other antimicrobial agents, are susceptible to resistance evolution and will require the development of sustainable strategies to prevent or decelerate the evolution of resistance. Here, we conduct proof-of-concept experiments to test whether introducing a live, heterospecific competitor along with a bacteriocin dose can effectively suppress the emergence of bacteriocin resistance in vitro. Previous work with conventional chemotherapeutic agents suggests that competition between conspecific sensitive and resistant pathogenic cells can effectively suppress the emergence of resistance in pathogenic populations. However, the threshold of sensitive cells required for such competitive suppression of resistance may often be too high to maintain host health. Therefore, here we aim to ask whether the principle of competitive suppression can be effective if a heterospecific competitor is used. Our results show that a live competitor introduced in conjunction with low bacteriocin dose can effectively control resistance and suppress sensitive cells. Further, this efficacy can be matched by using a bacteriocin-producing competitor without any additional bacteriocin. These results provide strong proof of concept for the effectiveness of competitive suppression using live, heterospecific competitors. Currently used probiotic strains or commensals may provide promising candidates for the therapeutic use of bacteriocin-mediated competitive suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Farrah Bashey
- Department of BiologyIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndiana
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19
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20
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Tridecaptin M, a New Variant Discovered in Mud Bacterium, Shows Activity against Colistin- and Extremely Drug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00338-19. [PMID: 30936101 PMCID: PMC6535564 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00338-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization has categorized the Gram-negative superbugs, which are inherently impervious to many antibiotics, as critical priority pathogens due to the lack of effective treatments. The breach in our last-resort antibiotic (i.e., colistin) by extensively drug-resistant and pan-drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains demands the immediate development of new therapies. The World Health Organization has categorized the Gram-negative superbugs, which are inherently impervious to many antibiotics, as critical priority pathogens due to the lack of effective treatments. The breach in our last-resort antibiotic (i.e., colistin) by extensively drug-resistant and pan-drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains demands the immediate development of new therapies. In the present study, we report the discovery of tridecaptin M, a new addition to the family, and its potential against colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in vitro and in vivo. Also, we performed mode-of-action studies using various fluorescent probes and studied the hemolytic activity and mammalian cytotoxicity in two cell lines. Tridecaptin M displayed strong antibacterial activity (MICs of 2 to 8 μg ml−1) against clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (which were resistant to colistin, carbapenems, third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin, and other antibiotics) and mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli strains. Unlike polymyxins, tridecaptin M did not permeabilize the outer membrane or cytoplasmic membrane. It blocked ATP synthesis in bacteria by dissipating the proton motive force. The compound exhibited negligible acquired resistance, low in vitro cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity, and no significant acute toxicity in mice. It also showed promising efficacy in a thigh infection model of colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae. Altogether, these results demonstrate the future prospects of this class of antibiotics to address the unmet medical need to circumvent colistin resistance in extensively drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections. The work also emphasizes the importance of natural products in our shrunken drug discovery pipeline.
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21
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Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2017 The human body is composed of an equal number of human and microbial cells. While the microbial community inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract plays an essential role in host health, these organisms have also been connected to various diseases. Yet, the gut microbial functions that modulate host biology are not well established. In this review, we describe metabolic functions of the human gut microbiota that involve metalloenzymes. These activities enable gut microbial colonization, mediate interactions with the host, and impact human health and disease. We highlight cases in which enzyme characterization has advanced our understanding of the gut microbiota and examples that illustrate the diverse ways in which metalloenzymes facilitate both essential and unique functions of this community. Finally, we analyze Human Microbiome Project sequencing datasets to assess the distribution of a prominent family of metalloenzymes in human-associated microbial communities, guiding future enzyme characterization efforts.
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22
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Zolotukhin PV, Prazdnova EV, Chistyakov VA. Methods to Assess the Antioxidative Properties of Probiotics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:589-599. [PMID: 29249065 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9375-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics prove useful in correcting and preventing numerous health conditions, including those having severe impact on society, e.g., obesity and cancer. Notably, these capabilities of probiotics appear to be associated with their antioxidant properties. The mechanisms of antioxidant action of probiotics range from immediate biochemical scavenging of reactive substances to induction of signaling events leading to increased capacity of the host's cytoprotective systems. Since the antioxidant effects of probiotics significantly vary in types and details, a broad selection of methods of assessment of these properties is required in order to identify, characterize, and develop novel probiotics for medical purposes, as well as to explain the mechanisms of action of probiotics already in use in healthcare. This review revises the versatile toolbox, which can be used to assess the antioxidant properties of probiotics.
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23
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Cao M, Zhao W, Wang L, Li R, Gong H, Zhang Y, Xu H, Lu JR. Graphene Oxide-Assisted Accumulation and Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Antibacterial Peptide for Sustained Release Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:24937-24946. [PMID: 29956912 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of antibacterial materials with sustained release of active components is of great importance for long-term antibacterial applications. Graphene oxide (GO) has been found to be an excellent carrier for accumulating the antibacterial peptide of G(IIKK)4I-NH2 and mediating its loading into the layer-by-layer (LBL) films for sustained release applications. G(IIKK)4I-NH2 takes random coiled conformation in monomeric state below 0.17 mM but self-assembles into supramolecular aggregates with α-helical secondary structure at higher concentrations. It can bind onto GO surface in both monomeric and aggregate states to form stable GO@G(IIKK)4I-NH2 composites. Upon binding, the local amphiphilic environment of GO surface induces a conformational transition of G(IIKK)4I-NH2 monomers from random coils to α-helix. The aggregate binding enhances the loading amount greatly. GO (1 mg) can load as high as 1.7 mg of peptide at saturation. This enables the GO@G(IIKK)4I-NH2 composites to serve as reservoirs for sustained release of active G(IIKK)4I-NH2 monomers. Moreover, G(IIKK)4I-NH2 itself shows low efficiency in LBL assembly, whereas the GO@G(IIKK)4I-NH2 composites are ideal LBL assembling units with highly enhanced loading efficiency of G(IIKK)4I-NH2. The LBL films involving degradable poly(β-amino esters) can realize sustained release of G(IIKK)4I-NH2 for bacteria killing in a well-controlled manner. This study demonstrates an efficient strategy for fabrication of long-durable antibacterial materials and surface coatings by using GO as the carrier for drug accumulation and loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiwen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering , China University of Petroleum (East China) , 66 Changjiang West Road , Qingdao 266580 , China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering , China University of Petroleum (East China) , 66 Changjiang West Road , Qingdao 266580 , China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering , China University of Petroleum (East China) , 66 Changjiang West Road , Qingdao 266580 , China
| | - Ruiheng Li
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Manchester , Schuster Building, Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Haoning Gong
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Manchester , Schuster Building, Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering , China University of Petroleum (East China) , 66 Changjiang West Road , Qingdao 266580 , China
| | - Hai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering , China University of Petroleum (East China) , 66 Changjiang West Road , Qingdao 266580 , China
| | - Jian Ren Lu
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Manchester , Schuster Building, Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
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24
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Algburi A, Zehm S, Netrebov V, Bren AB, Chistyakov V, Chikindas ML. Subtilosin Prevents Biofilm Formation by Inhibiting Bacterial Quorum Sensing. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 9:81-90. [PMID: 27914001 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-016-9242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Subtilosin, the cyclic lantibiotic protein produced by Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933, targets the surface receptor and electrostatically binds to the bacterial cell membrane. In this study, subtilosin was purified using ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) precipitation and purified via column chromatography. Subtilosin's antibacterial minimum and sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC and sub-MIC) and anti-biofilm activity (biofilm prevention) were established. Subtilosin was evaluated as a quorum sensing (QS) inhibitor in Gram-positive bacteria using Fe(III) reduction assay. In Gram-negative bacteria, subtilosin was evaluated as a QS inhibitor utilizing Chromobacterium voilaceum as a microbial reporter. The results showed that Gardnerella vaginalis was more sensitive to subtilosin with MIC of 6.25 μg/mL when compared to Listeria monocytogenes (125 μg/mL). The lowest concentration of subtilosin, at which more than 90% of G. vaginalis biofilm was inhibited without effecting the growth of planktonic cells, was 0.78 μg/mL. About 80% of L. monocytogenes and more than 60% of Escherichia coli biofilm was inhibited when 15.1 μg/mL of subtilosin was applied. Subtilosin with 7.8-125 μg/mL showed a significant reduction in violacein production without any inhibitory effect on the growth of C. violaceum. Subtilosin at 3 and 4 μg/mL reduced the level of Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) production in G. vaginalis. However, subtilosin did not influence AI-2 production by L. monocytogenes at sub-MICs of 0.95-15.1 μg/mL. To our knowledge, this is the first report exploring the relationship between biofilm prevention and quorum sensing inhibition in G. vaginalis using subtilosin as a quorum sensing inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Algburi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Veterinary College, Diyala University, Baqubah, Iraq
| | - Saskia Zehm
- Department of Life Sciences and Technology, Beuth University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria Netrebov
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Anzhelica B Bren
- D. I. Ivanovsky Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Vladimir Chistyakov
- D. I. Ivanovsky Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Michael L Chikindas
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. .,Center for Digestive Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. .,Rutgers State University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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25
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Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in pregnant and non-pregnant Iranian women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 297:1101-1113. [PMID: 29455377 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-018-4722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a vaginal disorder which occurs either symptomatic or asymptomatic because of an imbalance between H2O2-producing Lactobacillus and Gardnerella vaginalis in the vagina. This systematic review and meta-analysis is the first to determine the prevalence of BV in pregnant and non-pregnant women in Iran. METHODS We used national (SID, Irandoc, Iranmedex and Magiran) and international (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and ISI web of knowledge) electronic databases to systematically search and collect available studies using related keywords (up to 1 December 2017). Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined to select eligible studies. RESULTS The overall prevalence of BV among Iranian women was 18.9% (95% CI 14-25). Gardnerella vaginalis was the most prevalent isolated bacteria. The prevalence of BV in non-pregnant women was 28% (95% CI 15.1-45.9) which was higher compared with pregnant women who had a prevalence of 16.5% (95% CI 12.5-21.6). CONCLUSION The present review revealed a high prevalence of BV in non-pregnant women. Given that BV is associated with a series of reproductive complications such as infertility, taking preventive measures such as awareness of patients as well as monitoring and controlling of syndrome are essential.
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26
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Baindara P, Kapoor A, Korpole S, Grover V. Cysteine-rich low molecular weight antimicrobial peptides from Brevibacillus and related genera for biotechnological applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:124. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Mathur H, Fallico V, O'Connor PM, Rea MC, Cotter PD, Hill C, Ross RP. Insights into the Mode of Action of the Sactibiotic Thuricin CD. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:696. [PMID: 28473822 PMCID: PMC5397516 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Thuricin CD is a two-component bacteriocin, consisting of the peptides Trnα and Trnβ, and belongs to the newly designated sactibiotic subclass of bacteriocins. While it is clear from studies conducted thus far that it is a narrow-spectrum bacteriocin, requiring the synergistic activity of the two peptides, the precise mechanism of action of thuricin CD has not been elucidated. This study used a combination of flow cytometry and traditional culture-dependent assays to ascertain the effects of the thuricin CD peptides on the morphology, physiology and viability of sensitive Bacillus firmus DPC6349 cells. We show that both Trnα and Trnβ are membrane-acting and cause a collapse of the membrane potential, which could not be reversed even under membrane-repolarizing conditions. Furthermore, the depolarizing action of thuricin CD is accompanied by reductions in cell size and granularity, producing a pattern of physiological alterations in DPC6349 cells similar to those triggered by the pore-forming single-component bacteriocin Nisin A, and two-component lacticin 3147. Taken together, these results lead us to postulate that the lytic activity of thuricin CD involves the insertion of thuricin CD peptides into the membrane of target cells leading to permeabilization due to pore formation and consequent flux of ions across the membrane, resulting in membrane depolarization and eventual cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Mathur
- Moorepark Food Research CentreCounty Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, University College CorkCork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Mary C Rea
- Moorepark Food Research CentreCounty Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, University College CorkCork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Moorepark Food Research CentreCounty Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, University College CorkCork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College CorkCork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College CorkCork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- Moorepark Food Research CentreCounty Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, University College CorkCork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College CorkCork, Ireland
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28
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Zhao X, Kuipers OP. Identification and classification of known and putative antimicrobial compounds produced by a wide variety of Bacillales species. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:882. [PMID: 27821051 PMCID: PMC5100339 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gram-positive bacteria of the Bacillales are important producers of antimicrobial compounds that might be utilized for medical, food or agricultural applications. Thanks to the wide availability of whole genome sequence data and the development of specific genome mining tools, novel antimicrobial compounds, either ribosomally- or non-ribosomally produced, of various Bacillales species can be predicted and classified. Here, we provide a classification scheme of known and putative antimicrobial compounds in the specific context of Bacillales species. RESULTS We identify and describe known and putative bacteriocins, non-ribosomally synthesized peptides (NRPs), polyketides (PKs) and other antimicrobials from 328 whole-genome sequenced strains of 57 species of Bacillales by using web based genome-mining prediction tools. We provide a classification scheme for these bacteriocins, update the findings of NRPs and PKs and investigate their characteristics and suitability for biocontrol by describing per class their genetic organization and structure. Moreover, we highlight the potential of several known and novel antimicrobials from various species of Bacillales. CONCLUSIONS Our extended classification of antimicrobial compounds demonstrates that Bacillales provide a rich source of novel antimicrobials that can now readily be tapped experimentally, since many new gene clusters are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands.
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Antimicrobial lipopeptide tridecaptin A1 selectively binds to Gram-negative lipid II. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:11561-11566. [PMID: 27688760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1608623113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tridecaptin A1 (TriA1) is a nonribosomal lipopeptide with selective antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Here we show that TriA1 exerts its bactericidal effect by binding to the bacterial cell-wall precursor lipid II on the inner membrane, disrupting the proton motive force. Biochemical and biophysical assays show that binding to the Gram-negative variant of lipid II is required for membrane disruption and that only the proton gradient is dispersed. The NMR solution structure of TriA1 in dodecylphosphocholine micelles with lipid II has been determined, and molecular modeling was used to provide a structural model of the TriA1-lipid II complex. These results suggest that TriA1 kills Gram-negative bacteria by a mechanism of action using a lipid-II-binding motif.
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Suga T, Shiina M, Asami Y, Iwatsuki M, Yamamoto T, Nonaka K, Masuma R, Matsui H, Hanaki H, Iwamoto S, Onodera H, Shiomi K, Ōmura S. Paraphaeosphaeride D and berkleasmin F, new circumventors of arbekacin resistance in MRSA, produced by Paraphaeosphaeria sp. TR-022. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2016; 69:605-10. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2016.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria: extending the family. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:2939-51. [PMID: 26860942 PMCID: PMC4786598 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) constitute a heterogeneous group of microorganisms that produce lactic acid as the major product during the fermentation process. LAB are Gram-positive bacteria with great biotechnological potential in the food industry. They can produce bacteriocins, which are proteinaceous antimicrobial molecules with a diverse genetic origin, posttranslationally modified or not, that can help the producer organism to outcompete other bacterial species. In this review, we focus on the various types of bacteriocins that can be found in LAB and the organization and regulation of the gene clusters responsible for their production and biosynthesis, and consider the food applications of the prototype bacteriocins from LAB. Furthermore, we propose a revised classification of bacteriocins that can accommodate the increasing number of classes reported over the last years.
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Shiina M, Suga T, Asami Y, Nonaka K, Iwatsuki M, Omura S, Shiomi K. Euvesperins A and B, new circumventors of arbekacin resistance in MRSA, produced by Metarhizium sp. FKI-7236. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2016; 69:719-22. [PMID: 26758491 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2015.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Shiina
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Suga
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Asami
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nonaka
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Iwatsuki
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Omura
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuro Shiomi
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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Prazdnova EV, Chistyakov VA, Churilov MN, Mazanko MS, Bren AB, Volski A, Chikindas ML. DNA-protection and antioxidant properties of fermentates from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895 and Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 61:549-54. [PMID: 26370336 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED DNA protective and antioxidant activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895 and Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933 were evaluated by Escherichia coli-based Lux biosensors. Two biosensor strains of E. coli, MG1655 (pColD-lux) and MG1655 (pSoxS-lux), which react on DNA damage and superoxide-anion radical activity, were used. SOS-response and Sox-response were stimulated by addition of dioxidine (2,3-Quinoxalinedimethanol,1,4-dioxide) and paraquat (N,N'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride) respectively. Preparations of both Bacillus fermentates demonstrated DNA protective and antioxidant (superoxide scavenging) activity (up to 60·19%). The strain К1933 is, in general, characterized by higher DNA protective activity (28·85%), with parameters of antioxidant activity of both bacilli strains being statistically not significantly different. Sporogenous potential probiotic micro-organisms with antioxidant and DNA protective activities can become an effective tool for compensation of various negative oxidative stress processes in humans. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In humans, oxidative stress is a cause or an important component of many serious diseases, as well as being one of the age influencing factors. Environmental stresses lead to the increase in levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative DNA damage is a side effect of nonspecific inflammation. These human health challenging factors trigger the search for health-promoting bacteria capable of production of antioxidants and DNA-protectors. In this study, two Bacillus strains of interest were shown to produce noticeable DNA protective and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Prazdnova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnologies, Southern FederalUniversity, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - V A Chistyakov
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnologies, Southern FederalUniversity, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - M N Churilov
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnologies, Southern FederalUniversity, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - M S Mazanko
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnologies, Southern FederalUniversity, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - A B Bren
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnologies, Southern FederalUniversity, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - A Volski
- School of Arts and Science, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - M L Chikindas
- Astrabiol, LLC, Highland Park, NJ, USA.,Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Center for Digestive Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Nikiforova OA, Klykov S, Volski A, Dicks LMT, Chikindas ML. Subtilosin A production by Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933 and colony morphology are influenced by the growth medium. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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35
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Cavera VL, Volski A, Chikindas ML. The Natural Antimicrobial Subtilosin A Synergizes with Lauramide Arginine Ethyl Ester (LAE), ε-Poly-l-lysine (Polylysine), Clindamycin Phosphate and Metronidazole, Against the Vaginal Pathogen Gardnerella vaginalis. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2015; 7:164-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-014-9183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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36
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Sumi CD, Yang BW, Yeo IC, Hahm YT. Antimicrobial peptides of the genus Bacillus: a new era for antibiotics. Can J Microbiol 2014; 61:93-103. [PMID: 25629960 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2014-0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The rapid onset of resistance reduces the efficacy of most conventional antimicrobial drugs and is a general cause of concern for human well-being. Thus, there is great demand for a continuous supply of novel antibiotics to combat this problem. Bacteria-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have long been used as food preservatives; moreover, prior to the development of conventional antibiotics, these AMPs served as an efficient source of antibiotics. Recently, peptides produced by members of the genus Bacillus were shown to have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microbes. Bacillus-derived AMPs can be synthesized both ribosomally and nonribosomally and can be classified according to peptide biosynthesis, structure, and molecular weight. The precise mechanism of action of these AMPs is not yet clear; however, one proposed mechanism is that these AMPs kill bacteria by forming channels in and (or) disrupting the bacterial cell wall. Bacillus-derived AMPs have potential in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as the food and agricultural sectors. Here, we focus on Bacillus-derived AMPs as a novel alternative approach to antibacterial drug development. We also provide an overview of the biosynthesis, mechanisms of action, applications, and effectiveness of different AMPs produced by members of the Bacillus genus, including several recently identified novel AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Datta Sumi
- a Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, 72-1 Nae-Ri, Daeduk-Myun, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 456-756, South Korea
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37
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Arthur TD, Cavera VL, Chikindas ML. On bacteriocin delivery systems and potential applications. Future Microbiol 2014; 9:235-48. [PMID: 24571075 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.13.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by a variety of bacteria. These peptides can act as antibiotic synergists or alternatives to enhance the therapeutic effects of current infection treatments and decrease the prevalence of resistant strains. Two bacteriocins, namely nisin and pediocin PA-1, are currently being used by the food industry; however, the introduction of these and others into the biomedical industry, and further development of food applications, have been challenged by the slow development of reliable delivery systems. For bacteriocins, these systems rely on novel and pre-existing technologies. Many essential variables need to be accounted for to formulate successful delivery methods. In this review, documented and potential bacteriocin delivery systems are examined, with special attention paid to how those systems are being implemented in the food and medical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Abstract
In this report, we present a draft sequence of Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933. Previous studies demonstrated probiotic properties of this strain partially attributed to production of an antibacterial compound, subtilosin. Comparative analysis of this strain’s genome with that of a commercial probiotic strain, B. subtilis Natto, is presented.
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Sundara Rajan S, Cavera VL, Zhang X, Singh Y, Chikindas ML, Sinko PJ. Polyethylene glycol-based hydrogels for controlled release of the antimicrobial subtilosin for prophylaxis of bacterial vaginosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:2747-53. [PMID: 24566190 PMCID: PMC3993243 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02446-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment options for bacterial vaginosis (BV) have been shown to be inadequate at preventing recurrence and do not provide protection against associated infections, such as that with HIV. This study examines the feasibility of incorporating the antimicrobial peptide subtilosin within covalently cross-linked polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based hydrogels for vaginal administration. The PEG-based hydrogels (4% and 6% [wt/vol]) provided a two-phase release of subtilosin, with an initial rapid release rate of 4.0 μg/h (0 to 12 h) followed by a slow, sustained release rate of 0.26 μg/h (12 to 120 h). The subtilosin-containing hydrogels inhibited the growth of the major BV-associated pathogen Gardnerella vaginalis with a reduction of 8 log10 CFU/ml with hydrogels containing ≥15 μg entrapped subtilosin. In addition, the growth of four common species of vaginal lactobacilli was not significantly inhibited in the presence of the subtilosin-containing hydrogels. The above findings demonstrate the potential application of vaginal subtilosin-containing hydrogels for prophylaxis of BV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Sundara Rajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Veronica L. Cavera
- Department of Microbial Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yashveer Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael L. Chikindas
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Patrick J. Sinko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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40
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Tan YN, Matthews KR, Di R, Ayob MK. Comparative antibacterial mode of action of purified alcalase- and tryptic-hydrolyzed palm kernel cake proteins on the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Teixeira LD, Silva ON, Migliolo L, Fensterseifer ICM, Franco OL. In vivo antimicrobial evaluation of an alanine-rich peptide derived from Pleuronectes americanus. Peptides 2013; 42:144-8. [PMID: 23416023 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In several organisms, the first barrier against microbial infections consists of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) which are molecules that act as components of the innate immune system. Recent studies have demonstrated that AMPs can perform various functions in different tissues or physiological conditions. In this view, this study was carried out in order to evaluate the multifunctional activity in vivo of an alanine-rich peptide, known as Pa-MAP, derived from the polar fish Pleuronectes americanus. Pa-MAP was evaluated in intraperitoneally infected mice with a sub-lethal concentration of Escherichia coli at standard concentrations of 1 and 5 mg kg(-1). At both concentrations, Pa-MAPs exhibited an ability to prevent E. coli infection and increase mice survival, similar to the result observed in mice treated with ampicillin at 2 mg kg(-1). In addition, mice were monitored for weight loss. The results showed that mice treated with Pa-MAPs at 1 mg kg(-1) gained 0.8% of body weight during the 72 h of experiment. The same was observed with Pa-MAP at 5 mg kg(-1), which had a gain of 0.5% in body weight during the treatment. Mice treated with ampicillin at 2 mg kg(-1) show a significant weight loss of 5.6% of body weight. The untreated group exhibited a 5.5% loss of body weight. The immunomodulatory effects were also evaluated by the quantification of IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-γ and nitric oxide cytokines in serum, but no immunomodulatory activity was observed. Data presented here suggest that Pa-MAP should be used as a novel antibiotic against infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro D Teixeira
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Abstract
Solutions are urgently required for the growing number of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Bacteriocins, which are antimicrobial peptides produced by certain bacteria, might warrant serious consideration as alternatives to traditional antibiotics. These molecules exhibit significant potency against other bacteria (including antibiotic-resistant strains), are stable and can have narrow or broad activity spectra. Bacteriocins can even be produced in situ in the gut by probiotic bacteria to combat intestinal infections. Although the application of specific bacteriocins might be curtailed by the development of resistance, an understanding of the mechanisms by which such resistance could emerge will enable researchers to develop strategies to minimize this potential problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.
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43
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Susceptibility of Gardnerella vaginalis biofilms to natural antimicrobials subtilosin, ε-poly-L-lysine, and lauramide arginine ethyl ester. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2012; 2012:284762. [PMID: 23024575 PMCID: PMC3457663 DOI: 10.1155/2012/284762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis is a common vaginal infection associated with numerous gynecological and obstetric complications. This condition is characterized by the presence of thick adherent vaginal biofilms, composed mainly of Gardnerella vaginalis. This organism is thought to be the primary aetiological cause of the infection paving the way for various opportunists to colonize the niche. Previously, we reported that the natural antimicrobials subtilosin, ε-poly-L-lysine, and lauramide arginine ethyl ester selectively inhibit the growth of this pathogen. In this study, we used plate counts to evaluate the efficacy of these antimicrobials against established biofilms of G. vaginalis. Additionally, we validated and compared two rapid methods (ATP viability and resazurin assays) for the assessment of cell viability in the antimicrobial-treated G. vaginalis biofilms. Out of the tested antimicrobials, lauramide arginine ethyl ester had the strongest bactericidal effect, followed by subtilosin, with clindamycin and polylysine showing the weakest effect. In comparison to plate counts, ATP viability and resazurin assays considerably underestimated the bactericidal effect of some antimicrobials. Our results indicate that these assays should be validated for every new application.
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Riazi S, Dover SE, Chikindas ML. Mode of action and safety of lactosporin, a novel antimicrobial protein produced by Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 113:714-22. [PMID: 22737982 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05376.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the mechanism of action of antimicrobial protein, lactosporin, against Gardnerella vaginalis and to evaluate its safety in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050 was grown at 37°C for 18 h. The cell-free supernatant was concentrated 10-fold and screened for antimicrobial activity against indicator strain Micrococcus luteus. The mode of action of lactosporin was determined by measuring the potassium release and monitoring the changes in transmembrane potential (Δψ) and transmembrane pH (ΔpH) of the sensitive cells. Lactosporin caused the efflux of potassium ions from M. luteus cells and dissipation of ΔpH in G. vaginalis, while it had no effect on the Δψ. The safety of lactosporin was evaluated by using EpiVaginal(™) ectocervical (VEC-100) tissue model. Over 80% of the cells in the vaginal tissue remained viable after exposure to lactosporin for 24 h. CONCLUSIONS Lactosporin potentially exerts its antimicrobial activity by selective dissipation of ΔpH and/or by causing leakage of ions from the sensitive cells. Safety studies suggest that lactosporin is a noncytotoxic antimicrobial for vaginal application. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study revealed that lactosporin is an effective and safe antimicrobial preparation with potential application for the control of bacterial vaginosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Riazi
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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45
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Bacteriostatic Mode of Action of Trypsin-Hydrolyzed Palm Kernel Expeller Peptide Against Bacillus cereus. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2012; 4:59-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-012-9091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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The natural antimicrobial peptide subtilosin acts synergistically with glycerol monolaurate, lauric arginate, and ε-poly-L-lysine against bacterial vaginosis-associated pathogens but not human lactobacilli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:1756-61. [PMID: 22252803 DOI: 10.1128/aac.05861-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Subtilosin is a cyclical antimicrobial peptide produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens that has antimicrobial activity against the bacterial vaginosis-associated human pathogen Gardnerella vaginalis. The ability of subtilosin to inhibit G. vaginalis alone and in combination with the natural antimicrobial agents glycerol monolaurate (Lauricidin), lauric arginate, and ε-poly-L-lysine was tested using a checkerboard approach. Subtilosin was found to act synergistically with all of the chosen antimicrobials. These promising results indicate that lower concentrations of subtilosin in combination with other compounds could effectively be used to inhibit growth of the pathogen, thereby decreasing the risk of developed antimicrobial resistance. This is the first report on the effects of subtilosin combined with other natural antimicrobials against G. vaginalis.
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van Kuijk S, Noll KS, Chikindas ML. The species-specific mode of action of the antimicrobial peptide subtilosin against Listeria monocytogenes Scott A. Lett Appl Microbiol 2011; 54:52-8. [PMID: 22040458 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To elucidate the molecular mechanism of action of the antimicrobial peptide subtilosin against the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes Scott A. METHODS AND RESULTS Subtilosin was purified from a culture of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The minimal inhibitory concentration of subtilosin against L. monocytogenes Scott A was determined by broth microdilution method. The effect of subtilosin on the transmembrane electrical potential (ΔΨ) and pH gradient (ΔpH), and its ability to induce efflux of intracellular ATP, was investigated. Subtilosin fully inhibited L. monocytogenes growth at a concentration of 19 μg ml(-1) . Subtilosin caused a partial depletion of the ΔΨ and had a similar minor effect on the ΔpH. There was no significant efflux of intracellular ATP. CONCLUSION Subtilosin likely acts upon L. monocytogenes Scott A by perturbing the lipid bilayer of the cellular membrane and causing intracellular damage, leading to eventual cell death. Subtilosin's mode of action against L. monocytogenes Scott A differs from the one previously described for another human pathogen, Gardnerella vaginalis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report on the specific mode of action of subtilosin against L. monocytogenes and the first report of a bacteriocin with a species-specific mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- S van Kuijk
- Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
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