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Espino-Rosales D, Lopez-Moro A, Heras-González L, Jimenez-Casquet MJ, Olea-Serrano F, Mariscal-Arcas M. Estimation of the Quality of the Diet of Mexican University Students Using DQI-I. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11010138. [PMID: 36611598 PMCID: PMC9818935 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of diet can be measured using diet quality indices, based on knowledge of associations between diet and health. The objective of this work was to evaluate whether the International Diet Quality Index is suitable for use as a diet quality index in populations of Mexican university girls. A cross-sectional nutritional survey was conducted at the University of Chihuahua (Mexico), collecting semi-quantitative nutritional information and socio-economic and lifestyle data from a representative sample of 400 women. Mean (Standard Deviation (SD)) age was 21.43 years (SD: 3.72); 59.1% were normal weight, 26.6% overweight, 15.3% obesity. The Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) was developed according to the method of Kim et al. (2003) and focused on major aspects of a high-quality diet (variety, adequacy, moderation and overall balance). The total score of Diet Quality Index-International reached 53.86% (SD: 11.43), indicating that the general diet of Mexican women a poor-quality diet. Adequacy scored highest, followed by moderation and variety. Overall balance scored the lowest. Variety: 26.3 % consumed less than 4 food groups daily, only 12.8% take more than 1 serving from each food group, and 50.6% consumed only one source of protein daily. Regarding adequacy, a large proportion of the population reported an intake of proteins, vitamin C, calcium, iron, and fruit greater than 50% of recommendation; the vegetables, fiber and grain groups were less 50%. Poor scores were obtained for total fat and SFA consumption (moderation). No statistically significant differences are observed for any of the variables under study and score of the Diet Quality Index-International: body mass index, weight, physical activity level, education level of father and mother, location of lunch, breakfast considered important, knowledge of nutrition, which allows us to consider a relatively uniform population in its eating habits. These people are close to a Westernized diet, and an intervention in nutritional education would be advisable to improve the intake of unprocessed foods, consume a greater variety of protein sources and significantly reduce consumption of sugary foods and soft drinks. Due to different methodological and cultural factors, the proposed Diet Quality Index-International dietary assessment method does not seem to be useful in the assessment of diet quality in the Mexican university population, so further research is needed to develop a diet quality index adapted to the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Espino-Rosales
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31009, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Lopez-Moro
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Fatima Olea-Serrano
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Mariscal-Arcas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Mediterranean Diet Adherence in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Spain: Social Determinants Related to the Family. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235141. [PMID: 36501170 PMCID: PMC9736247 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD), a well-established quality diet model, and regular physical activity are associated with reducing the appearance or progression of several chronic diseases and reducing morbidity and mortality. However, reduction of these goals, adherence to the MD, and regular physical activity occur at all ages, including older individuals in Mediterranean countries such as Spain, where at least adherence to the MD is culturally rooted. Objective: To evaluate the degree of adherence to the MD and physical activity in older individuals. Methods: The sample comprises 679 older adults aged 60 and over who attended activities in municipal centers for older adults in Valencia. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, frequency of physical activity, and anthropometric assessment were used. Results: High adherence (score ≥ 9) to MD was observed only in 23.7% of the study sample. Smoking habits or having meals in fast-food restaurants on a weekly basis were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with lower MD adherence. Age, BMI, marital status, and physical activity were not significantly associated with MD adherence. Physical activity was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in individuals who were divorced or widow/ers and in those taking care of their grandchildren several times a week. Conclusions: Adherence to the MD in a big Spanish city is low among older individuals. Socio-family factors seem to play a role. Public health and governmental strategies should reinforce adherence to the MD among older individuals as a gold standard for nutrition.
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Conde-Pipó J, Bouzas C, Zurita-Ortega F, Olea-Serrano F, Tur JA, Mariscal-Arcas M. Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet Pattern, Physical Activity, and Physical Self-Concept in Spanish Older Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122404. [PMID: 35745135 PMCID: PMC9229816 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aging world population is accelerating rapidly. Physical self-concept (PSC) is one of the psychosocial factors with the greatest influence on an individual’s well-being and health. The traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) is considered one of the healthiest dietary models, as it is nutritionally complete and easy to follow. Objective: To assess the adherence to MDP and its association with the practice of physical activity (PA) and PSC levels in the older adult Spanish population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative sample of Spanish older adults (n = 342; older than 55 years old). Their PSC was assessed using a previously validated PSC questionnaire. Adherence to an MDP was assessed using a validated Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener questionnaire. Their PA was measured using the Spanish version of the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data on age, sex, hypertension, cholesterol or diabetes suffered in the last 12 months, as well as weight, height, and BMI, were collected. Results: At the lowest levels of PSC, the percentage of individuals who were non-active and non-adhering to the MDP was lower compared to the highest levels (75.0% vs. 19.6; p = 0.001; Cramer’s V = 0.414, and 83.3% vs. 57.9%; p = 0.001; Cramer’s V = 0.221, respectively). This sample showed an abandonment of the most classic habits of the MDP, such as the consumption of olive oil, vegetables, fruits, nuts and fish. Conclusions: Non-adherence to the MDP and low levels of PA are associated with low levels of PSC in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Conde-Pipó
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-P.); (F.Z.-O.)
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Zurita-Ortega
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-P.); (F.Z.-O.)
| | - Fátima Olea-Serrano
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.O.-S.); (M.M.-A.)
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-971-173146; Fax: +34-971-173184
| | - Miguel Mariscal-Arcas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.O.-S.); (M.M.-A.)
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Mariscal-Arcas M, Delgado-Mingorance S, Saenz de Buruaga B, Blas-Diaz A, Latorre JA, Martinez-Bebia M, Gimenez-Blasi N, Conde-Pipo J, Cantero L, Lopez-Moro A, Jimenez-Casquet MJ. Evolution of Nutritional Habits Behaviour of Spanish Population Confined Through Social Media. Front Nutr 2021; 8:794592. [PMID: 34977131 PMCID: PMC8717832 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.794592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In Spain, on 14 March 2020, a state of alarm is declared to face the health emergency situation caused by the COVID-19 coronavirus, limiting the freedom of movement of people. The Spanish population is confined. Objective: With this situation, "NUTRITIONAL HEALTH IS NOT CONFINED" arises a research project that seeks to promote nutritional education based on the pattern of the Mediterranean diet (MD) using new computer technologies. It is about providing the population with the information of general interest about the promotion of a healthy diet through social networks and analysing the impact of its dissemination, in the form of a longitudinal intervention study of the Spanish nutritional evolution during confinement, with a daily survey format, and it is intended to assess food consumption during the period of confinement. Materials and methods: In total, 936 participants were asked every day. Short publications were published every day based on the scientific evidence (FAO, WHO, AECOSAN) through social media such as Instagram, accompanied by a questionnaire of 11 questions (yes/no) where it was intended to assess the evolution of daily consumption. Results and Discussion: The diffusion through social media has allowed to have a greater reach of the population. We observed that mood throughout confinement generally improves. There are certain eating habits from the MD that are well established in the daily diet of our population, such as the consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, dairy products, and eggs. It seems that enjoying good health is a growing concern in pandemic situations, which is why inappropriate behaviours such as "snacking" between meals or the consumption of processed foods such as snacks, industrial pastries, soft drinks, and sweets are avoided, increasing the amount of healthy food such as meat and fish. This study opens up future avenues of research promoting MD and implements new cohort nutritional databases, especially about young adult people, who are adept at navigating digital spaces and therefore using social media.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alba Blas-Diaz
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Latorre
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez-Bebia
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nuria Gimenez-Blasi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Avila, Avila, Spain
| | - Javier Conde-Pipo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Leticia Cantero
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Marcos-Pardo PJ, González-Gálvez N, López-Vivancos A, Espeso-García A, Martínez-Aranda LM, Gea-García GM, Orquín-Castrillón FJ, Carbonell-Baeza A, Jiménez-García JD, Velázquez-Díaz D, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Isidori E, Fossati C, Pigozzi F, Rum L, Norton C, Tierney A, Äbelkalns I, Klempere-Sipjagina A, Porozovs J, Hannola H, Niemisalo N, Hokka L, Jiménez-Pavón D, Vaquero-Cristóbal R. Sarcopenia, Diet, Physical Activity and Obesity in European Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The LifeAge Study. Nutrients 2020; 13:E8. [PMID: 33375058 PMCID: PMC7822002 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The revised European consensus defined sarcopenia as a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder that is associated with an increased likelihood of adverse outcomes including falls, fractures, physical disability and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and analyse the influence of diet, physical activity (PA) and obesity index as risk factors of each criteria of sarcopenia. A total of 629 European middle-aged and older adults were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometrics were assessed. Self-reported PA and adherence to the Mediterranean diet were evaluated with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet questionnaire (PREDIMED), respectively. The functional assessment included handgrip strength, lower body muscle strength, gait speed and agility/dynamic balance. Of the participants, 4.84% to 7.33% showed probable sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was confirmed in 1.16% to 2.93% of participants. Severe sarcopenia was shown by 0.86% to 1.49% of participants. Male; age group ≤65 years; lower body mass index (BMI); high levels of vigorous PA; and the consumption of more than one portion per day of red meat, hamburgers, sausages or cold cuts and/or preferential consumption of rabbit, chicken or turkey instead of beef, pork, hamburgers or sausages (OR = 0.126-0.454; all p < 0.013) resulted as protective factors, and more time of sedentary time (OR = 1.608-2.368; p = 0.032-0.041) resulted as a risk factor for some criteria of sarcopenia. In conclusion, age, diet, PA, and obesity can affect the risk of having low muscle strength, low muscle mass or low functional performance, factors connected with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM) and Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.); (L.M.M.-A.); (G.M.G.-G.); (F.J.O.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (C.C.-S.); (C.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Noelia González-Gálvez
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM) and Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.); (L.M.M.-A.); (G.M.G.-G.); (F.J.O.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (C.C.-S.); (C.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Abraham López-Vivancos
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM) and Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.); (L.M.M.-A.); (G.M.G.-G.); (F.J.O.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (C.C.-S.); (C.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Alejandro Espeso-García
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM) and Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.); (L.M.M.-A.); (G.M.G.-G.); (F.J.O.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
| | - Luis Manuel Martínez-Aranda
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM) and Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.); (L.M.M.-A.); (G.M.G.-G.); (F.J.O.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
| | - Gemma María Gea-García
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM) and Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.); (L.M.M.-A.); (G.M.G.-G.); (F.J.O.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (C.C.-S.); (C.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Francisco Javier Orquín-Castrillón
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM) and Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.); (L.M.M.-A.); (G.M.G.-G.); (F.J.O.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (C.C.-S.); (C.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Ana Carbonell-Baeza
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (C.C.-S.); (C.F.); (F.P.)
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain; (J.D.J.-G.); (D.V.-D.); (D.J.-P.)
| | - José Daniel Jiménez-García
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain; (J.D.J.-G.); (D.V.-D.); (D.J.-P.)
| | - Daniel Velázquez-Díaz
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain; (J.D.J.-G.); (D.V.-D.); (D.J.-P.)
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (C.C.-S.); (C.F.); (F.P.)
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain; (J.D.J.-G.); (D.V.-D.); (D.J.-P.)
| | - Emanuele Isidori
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences University of Rome “Foro Itálico”, 00135 Roma, Italy; (E.I.); (L.R.)
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (C.C.-S.); (C.F.); (F.P.)
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences University of Rome “Foro Itálico”, 00135 Roma, Italy; (E.I.); (L.R.)
| | - Fabio Pigozzi
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (C.C.-S.); (C.F.); (F.P.)
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences University of Rome “Foro Itálico”, 00135 Roma, Italy; (E.I.); (L.R.)
| | - Lorenzo Rum
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences University of Rome “Foro Itálico”, 00135 Roma, Italy; (E.I.); (L.R.)
| | - Catherine Norton
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (C.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Audrey Tierney
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (C.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Ilvis Äbelkalns
- Faculty of Pedagogy, Psychology and Art, University of Latvia, 1586 Riga, Latvia; (I.Ä.); (A.K.-S.); (J.P.)
| | - Agita Klempere-Sipjagina
- Faculty of Pedagogy, Psychology and Art, University of Latvia, 1586 Riga, Latvia; (I.Ä.); (A.K.-S.); (J.P.)
| | - Juris Porozovs
- Faculty of Pedagogy, Psychology and Art, University of Latvia, 1586 Riga, Latvia; (I.Ä.); (A.K.-S.); (J.P.)
| | - Heikki Hannola
- Business and Services Department, Sport and Leisure, Lapland University of Applied Sciences, 96300 Rovaniemi, Finland; (H.H.); (N.N.); (L.H.)
| | - Niko Niemisalo
- Business and Services Department, Sport and Leisure, Lapland University of Applied Sciences, 96300 Rovaniemi, Finland; (H.H.); (N.N.); (L.H.)
| | - Leo Hokka
- Business and Services Department, Sport and Leisure, Lapland University of Applied Sciences, 96300 Rovaniemi, Finland; (H.H.); (N.N.); (L.H.)
| | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain; (J.D.J.-G.); (D.V.-D.); (D.J.-P.)
| | - Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM) and Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.); (L.M.M.-A.); (G.M.G.-G.); (F.J.O.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (C.C.-S.); (C.F.); (F.P.)
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Heras-Gonzalez L, Latorre JA, Martinez-Bebia M, Gimenez-Blasi N, Olea-Serrano F, Mariscal-Arcas M. Sugar consumption in schoolchildren from southern Spain and influence on the prevalence of obesity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242602. [PMID: 33216800 PMCID: PMC7678956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The main cause of childhood overweight/obesity is an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. The objective was to determine whether the intake by Spanish schoolchildren of sugars from habitually consumed foods and drinks can be related to overweight/obesity. Methods Subjects The study included 657 schoolchildren between 7–10 years from educational centers in Southern Spain. These children live under the influence of the Mediterranean diet. Design Participants completed an encoded questionnaire with three sections: a) data on sex, age, educational center, school year, and life/family habits, among others; b) semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire related to the previous 12 months; and c) information on anthropometrics and physical activities. Results Obesity was observed in 10.9% of the children. The daily activity questionnaire showed a mean energy expenditure of 8.73 (1.33) MJ/day. The study considered foods that supply carbohydrates in any form (total carbohydrates, starch, total sugars, added sugars, and free sugars). The likelihood of overweight/obesity was significantly greater with a higher intake/day of total sugars, starch, added sugars, and free sugars. The likelihood of normal weight was significantly greater with lower energy expenditure in sedentary activities (OR = 3.03), higher energy expenditure in sports activities (OR = 1.72), and higher total activity/day measured as METs (OR = 8.31). Conclusions In this population, overweight/obesity was influenced by the physical activity of the children and by their intake of energy, total sugars, starch, added sugars, and free sugars. Further studies are warranted to verify this observation and explore the implications for public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Heras-Gonzalez
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Antonio Latorre
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Murcia, Lorca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez-Bebia
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Murcia, Lorca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Fátima Olea-Serrano
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Mariscal-Arcas
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
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7
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Marcos-Pardo PJ, González-Gálvez N, Espeso-García A, Abelleira-Lamela T, López-Vivancos A, Vaquero-Cristóbal R. Association among Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Cardiovascular, Obesity, and Anthropometric Variables of Overweight and Obese Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092750. [PMID: 32927609 PMCID: PMC7551167 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the independent and combined associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMedDiet), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and different parameters of overweight and obese middle-aged and older adults. Sixty-two participants were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Fat mass was measured with Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. AMedDiet and physical activity (PA) were assessed with the PREDIMED and Global PA Questionnaire (GPAQ). Maximal aerobic power was assessed using the 6-min walk test. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (BP) were measured with Omron M6, and double product (DP) and mean BP (MBP) were calculated. Kinanthropometry proportionality variables related to obesity were also calculated. Participants with a low CRF as an independent factor or together with a low AMedDiet obtained significantly higher BP, total and trunk fat mass, and proportionality variables (all p ˂ 0.0001). According to the multiple nonlinear regression analysis, Vo2max, AMedDiet, and sex explained 53.4% of SBP, with this formula: 238.611 − (3.63*Vo2max) + (0.044*Vo2max2) − (13.051*AMedDiet) + (0.68*AMedDiet2) + (12.887*sex). SBP and p rediction SBP with the new formula showed a correlation of 0.731 (p ˂ 0.0001); showing a difference between the values of −0.278 (p = 0.883). In conclusion, CRF as an independent factor and combined with AMedDiet can be associated with BP, body composition, and proportionality in overweight and obese middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo J. Marcos-Pardo
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (A.E.-G.); (T.A.-L.); (A.L.-V.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Noelia González-Gálvez
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (A.E.-G.); (T.A.-L.); (A.L.-V.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-968-278-824
| | - Alejandro Espeso-García
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (A.E.-G.); (T.A.-L.); (A.L.-V.)
| | - Tomás Abelleira-Lamela
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (A.E.-G.); (T.A.-L.); (A.L.-V.)
| | - Abraham López-Vivancos
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (A.E.-G.); (T.A.-L.); (A.L.-V.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Sports Injury Prevention Research Group, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
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8
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Benhammou S, Heras-González L, Ibáñez-Peinado D, Barceló C, Hamdan M, Rivas A, Mariscal-Arcas M, Olea-Serrano F, Monteagudo C. Comparison of Mediterranean diet compliance between European and non-European populations in the Mediterranean basin. Appetite 2016; 107:521-526. [PMID: 27596949 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.08.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fruit, vegetables, cereals, and olive oil are common elements of the Mediterranean diet (MD), but each country in the Mediterranean basin has its own gastronomic customs influenced by socio-cultural, religious, and economic factors. This study compared the dietary habits of three Mediterranean populations with different cultures and lifestyles, a total of 600 adults (61.9% females) between 25 and 70 yrs from Spain, Morocco, and Palestine. All participants completed a self administered questionnaire, including sociodemographic and anthropometric items, a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire adapted to the foods consumed in each country, and three 24-h recalls. MD adherence was estimated with the MD Serving Score (MDSS). All populations showed a moderate adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern. In comparison to the Palestine population, MDSS-assessed adherence to the MD was 6.36-fold higher in the Spanish population and 3.88-fold higher in the Moroccan population. Besides the country of origin, age was another predictive factor of MD adherence, which was greater (higher MDSS) in participants aged over 50 yrs than in those aged 30 yrs or younger. This preliminary study contributes initial data on dietary differences between European and non-European countries in the Mediterranean basin. The Spanish diet was shown to be closer to MD recommendations than the diet of Morocco or Palestine. Given the impact of good dietary habits on the prevention of chronic non-transmittable diseases, health policies should focus on adherence to a healthy diet, supporting traditional dietary patterns in an era of intense commercial pressures for change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Benhammou
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Leticia Heras-González
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Diana Ibáñez-Peinado
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Carla Barceló
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - May Hamdan
- Department of Human Nutrition & Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ana Rivas
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Mariscal-Arcas
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Murcia, Campus de Lorca, 30800, Lorca, Spain
| | - Fatima Olea-Serrano
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Celia Monteagudo
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; School of Hospitality, Culinary Arts and Meal Science, Örebro University, Grythyttan, Sweden
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9
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Monteagudo C, Mariscal-Arcas M, Heras-Gonzalez L, Ibañez-Peinado D, Rivas A, Olea-Serrano F. Effects of maternal diet and environmental exposure to organochlorine pesticides on newborn weight in Southern Spain. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 156:135-142. [PMID: 27174826 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An appropriate eating pattern is essential during childbearing years and pregnancy to ensure a healthy pregnancy and newborn. Our group developed a Mediterranean Diet Score for Pregnancy (MDS-P) based on the MD and the specific need of pregnant women for Fe, Ca, and folic acid. Humans are daily exposed to endocrine disruptors, which may alter body weight and hormone system regulation. This study analyzed the relationship of maternal diet and in utero exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) with newborn weight in mothers and newborns from Southern Spain. Higher MDS-P score, folic acid supplementation, and greater in utero exposure to endosulfan-diol and endosulfan-1 were related to higher newborn weight. MDS-P score was not associated with maternal weight gain during pregnancy (above or below 12 Kg). Residues from one or more OCPs were detected in 96.5% of umbilical cord serum samples from 320 newborns. The most frequent residues were endosulfans (96.5%). The presence of endosulfan-diol, endosulfan-I, p-p´DDT, folic acid supplementation, and a higher MDS-P (>8) were predictive factors for newborn overweight (>3500 g). Conversely, smoking during pregnancy, shorter gestation time (32-36 vs. 37-39 weeks), and lesser maternal weight gain during pregnancy predicted lower newborn weight (<2500 g). These results indicate prenatal exposure to OCPs in Southern Spain and its possible impact on the weight of healthy full-term newborns. Further studies are warranted to interpret the consequences of this exposure and identify preventive measures. Adherence to the MD and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy emerged as predictive factors for overweight in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Monteagudo
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; School of Hospitality, Culinary Arts and Meal Science, Örebro University, Grythyttan, Sweden
| | - M Mariscal-Arcas
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; School of Hospitality, Culinary Arts and Meal Science, Örebro University, Grythyttan, Sweden; Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Murcia, Campus de Lorca, 30800, Lorca, Spain
| | - L Heras-Gonzalez
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - D Ibañez-Peinado
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - A Rivas
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - F Olea-Serrano
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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Monteagudo C, Mariscal-Arcas M, Rivas A, Lorenzo-Tovar ML, Tur JA, Olea-Serrano F. Proposal of a Mediterranean Diet Serving Score. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128594. [PMID: 26035442 PMCID: PMC4452755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Numerous studies have demonstrated a relationship between Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes, etc. The study aim was to validate a novel instrument to measure MD adherence based on the consumption of food servings and food groups, and apply it in a female population from southern Spain and determining influential factors. METHODS AND RESULTS The study included 1,155 women aged 12-83 yrs, classified as adolescents, adults, and over-60-yr-olds. All completed a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The Mediterranean Dietary Serving Score (MDSS) is based on the latest update of the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid, using the recommended consumption frequency of foods and food groups; the MDSS ranges from 0 to 24. The discriminative power or correct subject classification capacity of the MDSS was analyzed with the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, using the MDS as reference method. Predictive factors for higher MDSS adherence were determined with a logistic regression model, adjusting for age. According to ROC curve analysis, MDSS evidenced a significant discriminative capacity between adherents and non-adherents to the MD pattern (optimal cutoff point=13.50; sensitivity=74%; specificity=48%). The mean MDSS was 12.45 (2.69) and was significantly higher with older age (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed highest MD adherence by over 60-year-olds with low BMI and no habit of eating between meals. CONCLUSIONS The MDSS is an updated, easy, valid, and accurate instrument to assess MD adherence based on the consumption of foods and food groups per meal, day, and week. It may be useful in future nutritional education programs to prevent the early onset of chronic non-transmittable diseases in younger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Monteagudo
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Mariscal-Arcas
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Murcia, Campus de Lorca, 30800, Lorca, Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - María Luisa Lorenzo-Tovar
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands & CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Fátima Olea-Serrano
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
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11
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Palacin-Arce A, Monteagudo C, Beas-Jimenez JDD, Olea-Serrano F, Mariscal-Arcas M. Proposal of a Nutritional Quality Index (NQI) to Evaluate the Nutritional Supplementation of Sportspeople. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125630. [PMID: 25938239 PMCID: PMC4418674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous supplements are used by sportspeople. They are not always appropriate for the individual or the sports activity and may do more harm than good. Vitamin and mineral supplements are unnecessary if the energy intake is sufficient to maintain body weight and derives from a diet with an adequate variety of foods. The study objectives were to evaluate the main nutrients used as supplements in sports and to propose a nutritional quality index (NQI) that enables sportspeople to optimize their use of supplements and detect and remedy possible nutritional deficits. MATERIAL AND METHODS A nutritional study was performed in 485 sportspeople recruited from Centros Andaluces de Medicina del Deporte, (CAMD). All completed socio-demographic, food frequency, and lifestyle questionnaires. The nutritional quality of their diet and need for supplementation were evaluated by scoring their dietary intake with and without supplementation, yielding two NQI scores (scales of 0-21 points) for each participant. RESULTS A superior mean NQI score was obtained when the supplements taken by participants were not included (16. 28 (SD of 3.52)) than when they were included (15.47 (SD: 3.08)), attributable to an excessive intake of some nutrients through supplementation. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that sportspeople with a varied and balanced diet do not need supplements, which appear to offer no performance benefits and may pose a health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Palacin-Arce
- Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment-AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science Department, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Celia Monteagudo
- Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment-AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science Department, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Fatima Olea-Serrano
- Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment-AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science Department, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Mariscal-Arcas
- Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment-AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science Department, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Centre of Sport Medicine (CAMD), Junta de Andalucía, Spain
- Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science Department, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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12
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Hamdan M, Monteagudo C, Lorenzo-Tovar ML, Tur JA, Olea-Serrano F, Mariscal-Arcas M. Development and validation of a nutritional questionnaire for the Palestine population. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:2512-8. [PMID: 24129027 PMCID: PMC10282279 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013002711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary habits vary widely among regions and cultural groups, and FFQ need to be designed for specific populations. The objectives of the present study were to develop and test the repeatability and relative validity of a medium-length semi-quantitative FFQ for measuring the energy and macronutrient intakes of a specific population and to contribute a methodological framework for this procedure. SETTING Palestinian families in the Hebron area. DESIGN After a preliminary survey of a subgroup of homemakers using 3 d diet recall, stepwise multiple regression analysis was used for selected nutrients to choose foods for inclusion in the FFQ. SUBJECTS The FFQ was administered to a study population of 169 women representing the same number of families. RESULTS The Wilcoxon test and Bland-Altman plots were used to compare the FFQ results with the mean 3 d diet recall results. A high level of concordance was found, validating the FFQ. In this population, the mean consumption of SFA was above recommendations and the intakes of vitamin D, folic acid, Ca, Fe and K were deficient. CONCLUSIONS The availability of diet assessment instruments designed for specific populations and cultures is of immense value to researchers and policy makers. The study describes a simple and effective method to develop and validate an FFQ for a given population of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Hamdan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Celia Monteagudo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria-Luisa Lorenzo-Tovar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - José-Antonio Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, CIBERobn, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Fatima Olea-Serrano
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Mariscal-Arcas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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de la Torre-Robles A, Rivas A, Lorenzo-Tovar ML, Monteagudo C, Mariscal-Arcas M, Olea-Serrano F. Estimation of the intake of phenol compounds from virgin olive oil of a population from southern Spain. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:1460-9. [PMID: 24945796 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.935961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the mean polyphenol composition of different varieties of virgin olive oil (VOO) habitually consumed in the region of southern Spain and to estimate the dietary exposure to olive oil polyphenols in that population. There were statistically significant differences in total polyphenols among varieties, with the Picual variety containing the largest amount with a mean value of 591.8 mg kg(-1). The main phenolic compounds found in the VOOs under study were tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol. The highest amounts of both substances were found in Picual olive oils with concentrations of 2.3-6.6 mg kg(-1). The total intake of polyphenols from VOO ranged between 8.2 mg day(-1) (SD = 4.14) for the under 19 year olds and 21.3 mg day(-1) (SD = 3) for the over 50 year olds. Some polyphenols, including tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol, were consumed principally as olive oil. The intake of these compounds in the studied population was in the range of 88.5-237.4 μg day(-1). This has particular importance as recent studies have demonstrated that hydroxytyrosol helps to improve plasma lipids levels and repair oxidative damage related to cardiovascular disease. There was a greater dietary consumption of polyphenols in olive oil among the participants who more closely followed the Mediterranean diet pattern. A higher consumption of olive oil and therefore a greater exposure to polyphenols was observed in females versus males and in participants of normal weight versus those who were overweight. The total intake of polyphenols from VOO significantly increased with higher age, reflecting the greater intake of this oil by older people, who also show a closer adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The over 50-year-old age group showed the greatest consumption of this olive oil and therefore of phenolic compounds, which are healthy protectors in the human diet that contribute to the acknowledged benefits of the Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia de la Torre-Robles
- a Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment - AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
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Estimation of dietary folic acid intake in three generations of females in Southern Spain. Appetite 2013; 67:114-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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