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Hahm JH, Nirmala FS, Ha TY, Ahn J. Nutritional approaches targeting mitochondria for the prevention of sarcopenia. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:676-694. [PMID: 37475189 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A decline in function and loss of mass, a condition known as sarcopenia, is observed in the skeletal muscles with aging. Sarcopenia has a negative effect on the quality of life of elderly. Individuals with sarcopenia are at particular risk for adverse outcomes, such as reduced mobility, fall-related injuries, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although the pathogenesis of sarcopenia is multifaceted, mitochondrial dysfunction is regarded as a major contributor for muscle aging. Hence, the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial function during aging is imperative for sarcopenia treatment. However, effective and specific drugs that can be used for the treatment are not yet approved. Instead studies on the relationship between food intake and muscle aging have suggested that nutritional intake or dietary control could be an alternative approach for the amelioration of muscle aging. This narrative review approaches various nutritional components and diets as a treatment for sarcopenia by modulating mitochondrial homeostasis and improving mitochondria. Age-related changes in mitochondrial function and the molecular mechanisms that help improve mitochondrial homeostasis are discussed, and the nutritional components and diet that modulate these molecular mechanisms are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hoon Hahm
- Research Group of Aging and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Farida S Nirmala
- Research Group of Aging and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon-si, South Korea
| | - Tae Youl Ha
- Research Group of Aging and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon-si, South Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Research Group of Aging and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon-si, South Korea
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2
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Liu Q, Wang L, Ma Y, Geng Y. Association between dietary knowledge and muscle mass in Chinese older adults: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075964. [PMID: 38056943 PMCID: PMC10711816 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to explore the possible association between dietary knowledge and muscle mass in a Chinese population aged 60 years and above. DESIGN Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. SETTING Data from the 2006 and 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were used for this study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1487 Chinese participants (44.38% males) aged 60 and above in the 2006 survey were included in the cross-sectional study. From the same study population, a total of 1023 participants (46.82% males) with normal muscle mass on the interview date of 2006 were included in the longitudinal study. OUTCOME MEASURES Dietary knowledge was accessed by a validated CHNS questionnaire. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was calculated using a validated anthropometric equation derived from a representative Chinese population. Based on the 2021 Chinese consensus on sarcopenia, the appendicular skeletal muscle mass was categorised as 'normal' or 'low' using sex-specific cut-off values. RESULTS The prevalence of low muscle mass in the study population was 31.20%, with a higher prevalence in females (34.22%). People with low muscle mass have a significantly lower dietary knowledge score (mean difference: -1.74, 95% CI -2.20 to -1.29). In the cross-sectional analysis, one score higher in dietary knowledge score was associated with a 4% lower odds of low muscle mass (OR=0.96, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.99). Compared with people in the lowest quartile of dietary knowledge, people in the highest quartile have a 44% lower odds of low muscle mass (OR=0.56, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.91). In the longitudinal analysis, no significant association was found between dietary knowledge and low muscle mass, yet the upper 95% CI was close to one (HR=0.97, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.01). CONCLUSIONS Sufficient dietary knowledge may play a protective role in maintaining normal muscle mass in Chinese adults aged 60 or above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Liu
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Luonan Wang
- Faculty of Business, Economics and Law, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yuge Ma
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yunjie Geng
- Research Institute of Statistical Sciences, National Bureau of Statistics of China, Beijing, China
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3
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Cacciatore S, Calvani R, Marzetti E, Picca A, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Martone AM, Massaro C, Tosato M, Landi F. Low Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Probable Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results from the Longevity Check-Up (Lookup) 7+ Project. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041026. [PMID: 36839385 PMCID: PMC9959184 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle strength is a relevant metric of aging. Greater adherence to Mediterranean diet is associated with better health outcomes across all life stages; however, evidence on the relationship between Mediterranean diet and muscle strength in older adults is inconclusive. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between adherence to Mediterranean diet and handgrip strength in a large sample of community-dwelling older adults from the Longevity Check-up 7+ project. A total of 2963 participants (mean age 72.8 ± 5.7 years; 54.4% women) were analyzed. Mediterranean diet adherence was evaluated using a modified Medi-Lite score and categorized as low (≤8), good (9 to 11), or high (≥12). Handgrip strength was categorized as normal or low according to cut-points by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2. Older adults with lower Mediterranean diet adherence had a significantly higher prevalence of probable sarcopenia (25.9%) than those with good (19.1%) or high (15.5%) adherence. The proportion of participants with probable sarcopenia increased with age, but it remained lower in the good and high adherence groups. Logistic regression showed that greater Mediterranean diet adherence was associated with a lower risk of probable sarcopenia. Older age, female sex, and physical inactivity were associated with a greater risk of probable sarcopenia. Our findings emphasize the positive association between healthy lifestyles, including adherence to Mediterranean diet, and physical function in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cacciatore
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3015-5669
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70100 Casamassima, Italy
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Martone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Massaro
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Tosato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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4
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Bizzozero-Peroni B, Brazo-Sayavera J, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Fernández-Rodríguez R, López-Gil JF, Díaz-Goñi V, Cavero-Redondo I, Mesas AE. High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is Associated with Higher Physical Fitness in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2195-2206. [PMID: 36166848 PMCID: PMC9776663 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although prior research has synthesized the relationships between the Mediterranean diet (MD) and components of physical fitness (PF) in adults, they are limited and inconclusive. This study aimed to synthesize the associations between high (compared with low) MD adherence and PF levels with each of its components (cardiorespiratory, motor, and musculoskeletal) in adulthood. We conducted a systematic search in 5 databases from inception to January 2022. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials were included. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and effect sizes (Cohen d index) with their 95% CIs were calculated via a random effects model. A total of 30 studies were included (19 cross-sectional in young, middle-aged, and older adults; 10 prospective cohort in older adults; and 1 randomized controlled trial in young adults) involving 36,807 individuals (mean age range: 20.9-86.3 y). Pooled effect sizes showed a significant cross-sectional association between higher MD adherence scores (as a continuous variable) and overall PF (d = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.75; I2 = 91.0%, n = 6). The pooled ORs from cross-sectional data showed that high adherence to MD was associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 2.06, 2.47; I2 = 0%, n = 4), musculoskeletal fitness (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.47; I2 = 61.4%, n = 13), and overall PF (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.68; I2 = 83.2%, n = 17) than low adherence to MD (reference category: 1). Pooled ORs from prospective cohort studies (3- to 12-y follow-up) showed that high adherence to MD was associated with higher musculoskeletal fitness (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.38; I2 = 0%, n = 4) and overall PF (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.26; I2 = 9.7%, n = 7) than low adherence to MD (reference category: 1). Conversely, no significant association was observed between MD and motor fitness. High adherence to MD was associated with higher PF levels, a crucial marker of health status throughout adulthood. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022308259.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain,Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay,Grupo de Investigación en Análisis del Rendimiento Humano, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
| | | | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | | | - José F López-Gil
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Valentina Díaz-Goñi
- Grupo de Investigación en Análisis del Rendimiento Humano, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay,Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Maldonado, Uruguay
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Arthur E Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain,Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Wu YZ, Chan YT, Hsieh JG, Chen JC. Profiles of Physical Activity and Physical Performance in Matched Religious Vegetarian and Nonvegetarian Women: A Preliminary Observational Study in Taiwan. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102170. [PMID: 35631312 PMCID: PMC9147246 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Religious vegetarianism has become more popular with women and increases with age. However, concerns have been raised that vegetarians are less productive than nonvegetarians. Thus, we aimed to compare the characteristics of physical activity and physical performance in properly matched religious vegetarian and nonvegetarian women aged ≥ 45 years. Participants (n = 160) were recruited via convenience sampling in the community of Hualien, Taiwan, and matched by demographic and cognitive characteristics. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Physical performance was assessed with handgrip strength, five-times-sit-to-stand, gait speed, timed up-and-go, and functional reach tests (FRT). Overall, 90% of religious vegetarians practiced lacto-ovo-vegetarianism. The proportions of those with low physical activity levels and poor physical performance did not significantly differ between religious vegetarians and nonvegetarians. Additionally, there were no significant between-group differences in IPAQ-SF scores and physical performance, except for FRT performance (mean 24.5 cm vs. 19.7 cm, p < 0.001). Exhaustion after work, busyness, and a lack of interest were three main reasons for low physical activity levels, and none of these had significant between-group differences (p = 0.936). Our results show a similar profile of physical activity and physical performance in religious vegetarian and nonvegetarian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zu Wu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (J.-C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-856-5301 (ext. 2501)
| | - Yun-Ting Chan
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (J.-C.C.)
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Gang Hsieh
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
- Department of Family Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ching Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (J.-C.C.)
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6
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Yeung SSY, Kwan M, Woo J. Healthy Diet for Healthy Aging. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124310. [PMID: 34959862 PMCID: PMC8707325 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Extending healthspan is a major public health challenge. Diet is one of the modifiable factors for preventing age-related diseases and preserving overall good health status during aging. Optimizing individuals’ intrinsic capacity, including domains in cognition, psychological, sensory function, vitality, and locomotion, has been proposed as a model of healthy aging by the World Health Organization. To better understand the relationships between a healthy diet and healthy aging, this review summarizes the recent epidemiologic and clinical data for dietary patterns that have been shown to play a role in (domains of) healthy aging. Regardless of priori or posteriori dietary patterns, it appears that dietary patterns centered on plant-based foods have a beneficial role in (domains of) healthy aging. Our review identified a knowledge gap in dietary patterns and multidimensional concepts of healthy aging. More epidemiological studies should consider intrinsic capacity as an outcome measure to further our understanding of a healthy diet and multidimensional concepts of healthy aging. When a sufficient number of epidemiological studies is available, evidence can be synthesized and clinical trials can be designed to evaluate a healthy diet as a strategy for healthy aging to further our progress in translating evidence to practice and promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suey S. Y. Yeung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Michelle Kwan
- Jockey Club Institute of Ageing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
- Centre for Nutritional Studies, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-3505-3493
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7
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Huang CH, Okada K, Matsushita E, Uno C, Satake S, Martins BA, Kuzuya M. The association of social frailty with intrinsic capacity in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:515. [PMID: 34579661 PMCID: PMC8475329 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social frailty is associated with poor health outcomes; however, its effects on healthy aging indicators have not been adequately investigated. This study assessed the longitudinal association between social frailty and the intrinsic capacity of community-dwelling older adults. Methods A total of 663 participants (56.7% women) aged ≥60 years from in Nagoya, Japan, were included in the study. The first measurement occurred in 2014, and annual follow-ups occurred until 2017. Social frailty was determined based on four items: financial difficulty, household status, social activity, and regular contact with others. A deficit score of 0 represented social robustness, 1 represented social prefrailty, and ≥ 2 represented social frailty. Intrinsic capacity was evaluated by the locomotion, cognition, psychological function, vitality, and sensory function domains. The longitudinal association was analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Results The prevalence of social prefrailty and social frailty at baseline was 31.2 and 6.3%, respectively. The social prefrailty group (β = − 0.132, P < 0.001) and social frailty group (β = − 0.258, P < 0.001) were associated with a greater reduction in the composite intrinsic capacity scores than the social robustness group, especially in the cognition, psychological function, and vitality domains. Men with social prefrailty/social frailty demonstrated a greater decrease in the psychological function domain score (− 0.512 vs. − 0.278) than women. Additionally, the cognition domain score only decreased in men in the social prefrailty/social frailty group (β = − 0.122, P = 0.016). Conclusions Social frailty was associated with intrinsic capacity and its subdomains longitudinally. Men with social frailty were more vulnerable than women to a decline in their psychological function and cognition domains. Therefore, the advanced management of social frailty is necessary to facilitate healthy aging. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-021-02466-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hsien Huang
- Department of Community Health and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan.,Department of Family Medicine, E-Da Hospital, No.1, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kiwako Okada
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Takenoyama-57, Iwasakicho, Nisshin, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Eiji Matsushita
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Takenoyama-57, Iwasakicho, Nisshin, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Chiharu Uno
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Takenoyama-57, Iwasakicho, Nisshin, Aichi Prefecture, Japan.,Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, NIC, Chikusa Ward, Furocho, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Shosuke Satake
- Section of Frailty Prevention, Department of Frailty Research, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Beatriz Arakawa Martins
- Department of Community Health and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan.,Adelaide Geriatrics Training and Research with Aged Care (G-TRAC Centre), Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, 61 Silkes Rd, Paradise, Adelaide City, Sa, 5075, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Frailty and Healthy Ageing, University of Adelaide, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide City, Sa, 5005, Australia
| | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Department of Community Health and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. .,Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, NIC, Chikusa Ward, Furocho, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan.
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Healthy Eating Index-2015 Is Associated with Grip Strength among the US Adult Population. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103358. [PMID: 34684359 PMCID: PMC8540420 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) was designed to reflect adherence to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). The study aims to examine the association between HEI-2015 and grip strength in a nationally representative sample of the U.S. adult population. This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys of 2011-2014. Low grip strength was defined as <35.5 kg for men and <20 kg for women. HEI-2015 was computed from two days of 24-h dietary recalls and comprised 13 components. Each component was scored on the density out of 1000 calories and summed to a total score divided into quartiles. Weighted logistic regressions examined the study aim while controlling for associated covariates. The sample included 9006 eligible participants, of those, 14.4% (aged 20+ years), and 24.8% (aged ≥50 years) had low grip strength. Mean (±SD) HEI-2015 total score was 54.2 ± 13.6 and in the lowest and highest quartiles 37.3 ± 5.1 and 72.0 ± 6.5, respectively. In the multivariable model, participants in the highest vs. lowest HEI-2015 quartile had 24% lower odds of having low grip strength (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.60-0.96). Specifically, participants who met the DGA for protein intakes, whole grains, greens and beans, vegetables, or whole fruits had 20-35% lower odds of having low grip strength than those who did not. Higher compliance to the DGA might reduce the risk for low grip strength as a proxy measure for sarcopenia among U.S. adults, particularly adequate intakes of proteins, whole grains, greens and beans, vegetables, and whole fruits.
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Certain dietary patterns are associated with GLIM criteria among Chinese community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional analysis. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e69. [PMID: 34527227 PMCID: PMC8411258 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease-related malnutrition is prevalent among older adults; therefore, identifying the modifiable risk factors in the diet is essential for the prevention and management of disease-related malnutrition. The present study examined the cross-sectional association between dietary patterns and malnutrition in Chinese community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years in Hong Kong. Dietary patterns, including Diet Quality Index International (DQI-I), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), the Mediterranean Diet Score, ‘vegetable–fruit’ pattern, ‘snack–drink–milk product’ pattern and ‘meat–fish’ pattern, were estimated and generated from a validated food frequency questionnaire. Malnutrition was classified according to the modified Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria based on two phenotypic components (low body mass index and reduced muscle mass) and one aetiologic component (inflammation/disease burden). The association between the tertile or level of adherence of each dietary pattern and modified GLIM criteria was analysed using adjusted binary logistic regression models. Data of 3694 participants were available (49 % men). Malnutrition was present in 397 participants (10⋅7 %). In men, a higher DQI-I score, a higher ‘vegetable–fruit’ pattern score and a lower ‘meat–fish’ pattern score were associated with a lower risk of malnutrition. In women, higher adherence to the DASH diet was associated with a lower risk of malnutrition. After the Bonferroni correction, the association remained statistically significant only in men for the DQI-I score. To conclude, a higher DQI-I score was associated with a lower risk of malnutrition in Chinese older men. Nutritional strategies for the prevention and management of malnutrition could potentially be targeted on dietary quality.
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Key Words
- Aged
- BMI, body mass index
- CI, confidence intervals
- CSID, Community Screening Instrument for Dementia
- Chinese
- DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
- DQI-I, Dietary Quality Index International
- Diet quality
- Dietary patterns
- GLIM criteria
- GLIM, Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition
- MDS, Mediterranean Diet Score
- Malnutrition
- OR, odds ratio
- PASE, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly
- hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
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10
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Association between Diet Quality and Sarcopenia in Older Adults: Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080811. [PMID: 34440555 PMCID: PMC8399213 DOI: 10.3390/life11080811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Nutrition is a key determinant of sarcopenia in later life. (2) Methods: A systematic review of prospective cohort studies examining association of diet quality with muscle mass (MM), muscle strength (MS) or physical performance (PP) among older adults was conducted. A total of 22,885 results were obtained from a literature search in MEDLINE via PubMed and EMBASE up to November 2020. Inclusion criteria included diet quality assessment via dietary indices or statistical approaches, a sample of adults aged 45 years and over at baseline in a longitudinal study design. (3) Results: Of the 22,885 cohort studies, 14 studies were eligible. Meaningful results were obtained for the Mediterranean diet and Nordic diet regarding the decrease of sarcopenia risk, however results from non-European countries were inconsistent. In addition, due to the insufficient number of studies on Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top (JFG-ST), dietary variety score (DVS), and dietary quality index-international (DQI-I), effectiveness was difficult to prove. Studies using factor analysis to examine dietary patterns suggested that the risk of sarcopenia is increased with a high in saturated fat diet such as westernized pattern etc. (4) Conclusion: In this systematic review it was found that various diet qualities are meaningful to a decreased risk of sarcopenia.
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Physical Activity and Diet Quality Modify the Association between Comorbidity and Disability among Stroke Patients. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051641. [PMID: 34068135 PMCID: PMC8152968 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Comorbidity is common and causes poor stroke outcomes. We aimed to examine the modifying impacts of physical activity (PA) and diet quality on the association between comorbidity and disability in stroke patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 951 stable stroke patients in Vietnam from December 2019 to December 2020. The survey questionnaires were administered to assess patients’ characteristics, clinical parameters (e.g., Charlson Comorbidity Index items), health-related behaviors (e.g., PA using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire- short version), health literacy, diet quality (using the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Quality (DASH-Q) questionnaire), and disability (using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS II)). Linear regression models were used to analyze the associations and interactions. Results: The proportion of comorbidity was 49.9% (475/951). The scores of DASH-Q and WHODAS II were 29.2 ± 11.8, 32.3 ± 13.5, respectively. Patients with comorbidity had a higher score of disability (regression coefficient, B, 8.24; 95% confidence interval, 95%CI, 6.66, 9.83; p < 0.001) as compared with those without comorbidity. Patients with comorbidity and higher tertiles of PA (B, −4.65 to −5.48; p < 0.05), and a higher DASH-Q score (B, −0.32; p < 0.001) had a lower disability score, as compared with those without comorbidity and the lowest tertile of PA, and the lowest score of DASH-Q, respectively. Conclusions: Physical activity and diet quality significantly modified the negative impact of comorbidity on disability in stroke patients. Strategic approaches are required to promote physical activity and healthy diet which further improve stroke rehabilitation outcomes.
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