1
|
Sakkaki E, Jafari B, Gharesouran J, Rezazadeh M. Gene expression patterns of CRYM and SIGLEC10 in Alzheimer's disease: potential early diagnostic indicators. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:349. [PMID: 38401023 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09113-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological condition that may lead to dementia as well as a slow and steady decline in cognitive ability. Finding early signs that may be used in the diagnosis of AD is still a difficult aim to achieve in the field of medical practice. METHODS AND RESULTS The purpose of this research was to investigate to determine any differences in the gene expression patterns of crystallin mu (CRYM) and sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 10 (SIGLEC10) in whole blood samples obtained from fifty individuals who were diagnosed with AD and fifty individuals as a control group. When compared with controls, it was discovered that the expression of the CRYM gene was substantially decreased in AD patients, but the expression of the SIGLEC10 gene was significantly higher. A positive correlation between CRYM and SIGLEC10 was noticed solely in patients with AD. Furthermore, assessing the diagnostic value of these genes, CRYM and SIGLEC10 transcript levels displayed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74 and 0.81, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that alterations in CRYM and SIGLEC10 expression may be implicated in AD pathology and that these genes expression levels can potentially serve as biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis of AD. Nevertheless, further validation of these findings requires the inclusion of more extensive and heterogeneous cohorts. The findings derived from this study possess the capability to offer a significant contribution towards the progression of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Sakkaki
- Department of Genetics, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behboud Jafari
- Department of Microbiology, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran.
| | - Jalal Gharesouran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezazadeh
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hou W, Cai J, Shen P, Zhang S, Xiao S, You P, Tong Y, Li K, Qi Z, Luo H. Identification of FXYD6 as the novel biomarker for glioma based on differential expression and DNA methylation. Cancer Med 2023; 12:22170-22184. [PMID: 38093622 PMCID: PMC10757084 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As a single-transmembrane protein of the FXYD family, FXYD6 plays different roles under physiological and pathological status, especially in the nervous system. This study aims to identify FXYD6 as a biomarker for glioma, by analyzing its expression and methylation patterns. METHODS Using TCGA and GTEx datasets, we analyzed FXYD6 expression in various tissues, confirming its levels in normal brain and different glioma grades via immunoblotting and immunostaining. FXYD6 biological functions were explored through enrichment analysis, and tumor immune infiltration was assessed using ESTIMATE and TIMER algorithms. Pearson correlation analysis probed FXYD6 associations with biological function-related genes. A glioma detection model was developed using FXYD6 methylation data from TCGA and GEO. Consistently, a FXYD6 methylation-based prognostic model was constructed for glioma via LASSO Cox regression. RESULTS FXYD6 was observed to be downregulated in GBM and implicated in a range of cellular functions, including synapse formation, cell junctions, immune checkpoint, ferroptosis, EMT, and pyroptosis. Hypermethylation of specific FXYD6 CpG sites in gliomas was identified, which could be used to build a diagnostic model. Additionally, FXYD6 methylation-based prognostic model could serve as an independent factor as well. CONCLUSIONS FXYD6 is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma, with its methylation-based prognostic model serving as an independent factor. This highlights its potential in clinical application for glioma management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Pei Shen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Shanghai QuietD Biotechnology Co., Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Siyu Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Gongan HospitalHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Pu You
- Shanghai QuietD Biotechnology Co., Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Yusheng Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kaicheng Li
- Shanghai QuietD Biotechnology Co., Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Zengxin Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Luo
- Shanghai QuietD Biotechnology Co., Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tigro H, Shimozawa M, Nilsson P, Lyashkov A, Khadeer M, Järving I, Ferrucci L, Shimmo R, Johansson J, Moaddel R. Identification of glycolytic proteins as binding partners of Bri2 BRICHOS domain. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 232:115465. [PMID: 37220701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Human integral membrane protein 2B (ITM2B or Bri2) is a member of the BRICHOS family, that can attenuate Aβ pathology in the brain. As a result, the identification of novel Bri2 BRICHOS client proteins has been sought to help elucidate signaling pathways and the potential identification of novel therapeutic targets. To identify Bri2 BRICHOS interacting partners, we carried out a 'protein fishing' experiment using recombinant human (rh) Bri2 BRICHOS-coated magnetic particles, in combination with proteomic analysis on cytosolic and membrane fractions of cortical homogenates from C57BL/6 J WT mouse. We identified 4 proteins from the cytosolic fractions and 44 proteins from the membrane fractions that had significant interactions (p < 0.05) with Bri2 BRICHOS domain, of which 11 proteins were previously identified as proteins that interacted with Bri2 BRICHOS domain. Enrichment analysis of the retained proteins identified glycolysis/gluconeogenesis as the most enriched pathway, with several proteins identified playing roles in carbon metabolism, amino acid synthesis. The data suggested that Bri2 BRICHOS may have a role in cellular energy demands in the brain via glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and may play a role in mitochondrial homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helene Tigro
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Makoto Shimozawa
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Alexey Lyashkov
- Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Mohammed Khadeer
- Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Ivar Järving
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Ruth Shimmo
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aksoy O, Hantusch B, Kenner L. Emerging role of T3-binding protein μ-crystallin (CRYM) in health and disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:804-816. [PMID: 36344381 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are essential metabolic and developmental regulators that exert a huge variety of effects in different organs. Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) are synthesized in the thyroid gland and constitute unique iodine-containing hormones that are constantly regulated by a homeostatic feedback mechanism. T3/T4 activity in cells is mainly determined by specific transporters, cytosolic binding proteins, deiodinases (DIOs), and nuclear receptors. Modulation of intracellular T3/T4 level contributes to the maintenance of this regulatory feedback. μ-Crystallin (CRYM) is an important intracellular high-affinity T3-binding protein that buffers the amount of T3 freely available in the cytosol, thereby controlling its action. In this review, we focus on the molecular and pathological properties of CRYM in thyroid hormone signaling, with emphasis on its critical role in malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osman Aksoy
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Hantusch
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria; Unit for Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics (CDL-AM), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Reiss AB, Ahmed S, Dayaramani C, Glass AD, Gomolin IH, Pinkhasov A, Stecker MM, Wisniewski T, De Leon J. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: A potential pathway to treatment. Exp Gerontol 2022; 164:111828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
6
|
PINK1 regulates mitochondrial fission/fusion and neuroinflammation in β-amyloid-induced Alzheimer's disease models. Neurochem Int 2022; 154:105298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
7
|
Du F, Yu Q, Yan SS. PINK1 Activation Attenuates Impaired Neuronal-Like Differentiation and Synaptogenesis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease Trans-Mitochondrial Cybrid Cells. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:1749-1761. [PMID: 33998543 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction, bioenergetic deficit, and extensive oxidative stress underlie neuronal perturbation during the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, we demonstrated that decreased PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) expression is associated with AD pathology in AD-affected human brains and AD mice. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we highlight the essential role of PINK1 in AD-relevant mitochondrial perturbation and neuronal malfunction. METHODS Using trans-mitochondrial "cybrid" (cytoplasmic hybrid) neuronal cells, whose mitochondria are transferred from platelets of patients with sporadic AD, we observed the effect of PINK1 in neuronal-like differentiation and synaptogenesis and mitochondrial functions. RESULTS In AD cybrid cells, the downregulation of PINK1 is correlated to the alterations in mitochondrial morphology and function and deficit in neuronal-like differentiation. Restoring/increasing PINK1 by lentivirus transduction of PINK1 robustly attenuates mitochondrial defects and rescues neurite-like outgrowth. Importantly, defective PINK1 kinase activity fails to reverse these detrimental effects. Mechanistically, AD cybrid cells reveal a significant decrease in PINK1-dependent phosphorylated mitofusin (Mfn) 2, a key mitochondrial membrane protein that participates in mitochondrial fusion, and an insufficient autophagic activity for the clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria. Overexpression of PINK1, but not mutant PINK1 elevates phosphorylation of Mfn2 and autophagy signaling LC3-II. Accordingly, PINK1-overexpressed AD cybrids exhibit increases in mitochondrial length and density and suppressed reactive oxygen species. These results imply that activation of PINK1 protects against AD-affected mitochondrial dysfunction and impairment in neuronal maturation and differentiation. CONCLUSION PINK1-mediated mitophagy is important for maintaining mitochondrial health by clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria and therefore, improves energy homeostasis in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Du
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University New York, NY, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University New York, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gribaudo S, Saraulli D, Nato G, Bonzano S, Gambarotta G, Luzzati F, Costanzi M, Peretto P, Bovetti S, De Marchis S. Neurogranin Regulates Adult-Born Olfactory Granule Cell Spine Density and Odor-Reward Associative Memory in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084269. [PMID: 33924098 PMCID: PMC8074334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogranin (Ng) is a brain-specific postsynaptic protein, whose role in modulating Ca2+/calmodulin signaling in glutamatergic neurons has been linked to enhancement in synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions. Accordingly, Ng knock-out (Ng-ko) mice display hippocampal-dependent learning and memory impairments associated with a deficit in long-term potentiation induction. In the adult olfactory bulb (OB), Ng is expressed by a large population of GABAergic granule cells (GCs) that are continuously generated during adult life, undergo high synaptic remodeling in response to the sensory context, and play a key role in odor processing. However, the possible implication of Ng in OB plasticity and function is yet to be investigated. Here, we show that Ng expression in the OB is associated with the mature state of adult-born GCs, where its active-phosphorylated form is concentrated at post-synaptic sites. Constitutive loss of Ng in Ng-ko mice resulted in defective spine density in adult-born GCs, while their survival remained unaltered. Moreover, Ng-ko mice show an impaired odor-reward associative memory coupled with reduced expression of the activity-dependent transcription factor Zif268 in olfactory GCs. Overall, our data support a role for Ng in the molecular mechanisms underlying GC plasticity and the formation of olfactory associative memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gribaudo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (G.N.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (P.P.)
| | - Daniele Saraulli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giulia Nato
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (G.N.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
| | - Sara Bonzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (G.N.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences (DSCB), University of Torino, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Luzzati
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (G.N.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
| | - Marco Costanzi
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University, 00193 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo Peretto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (G.N.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
| | - Serena Bovetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (G.N.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (G.N.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (S.D.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun X, Wang Q, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, McCarthy M, Loewenstein DA, Vontell R, Yue Z, Zhang B. Association of neurogranin gene expression with Alzheimer's disease pathology in the perirhinal cortex. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12162. [PMID: 33860070 PMCID: PMC8033412 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Synaptic damage is a key pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The mechanism underlying synaptic vulnerability in AD remains elusive. METHODS Using a large-scale transcriptomic dataset, we analyzed the neurogranin-centered integrative gene network and assessed the correlation of neurogranin (NRGN) gene expression with AD pathology in post mortem brains. We studied the association of NRGN expression with Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and neuropathological diagnosis of AD. RESULTS We find that the genes positively correlated with NRGN expression in AD are involved in synaptic transmission and cation channel pathways. NRGN expression is correlated with amyloid and tau pathology in the perirhinal cortex of post mortem brains. NRGN expression is associated with the diagnosis of AD and correlated with CDR. DISCUSSION Transcriptional regulation of the gene encoding for synaptic protein is involved in selective synaptic damage in AD. Identifying the genes associated with synaptic damage pathways in AD may provide targets for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain InstituteBrain Endowment BankUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Qian Wang
- Departments of Neurology and NeuroscienceFriedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease ModelingIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multi‐scale BiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy at the University GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy at the University GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
| | - Micheline McCarthy
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - David A. Loewenstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesCenter for Cognitive Neuroscience and AgingUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Regina Vontell
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain InstituteBrain Endowment BankUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Departments of Neurology and NeuroscienceFriedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease ModelingIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multi‐scale BiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang K, Zhang W. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes: At the crossroad between familiar and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Synapse 2021; 75:e22196. [PMID: 33559220 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and is incurable. The widely accepted amyloid hypothesis failed to produce efficient clinical therapies. In contrast, there is increasing evidence suggesting that the disruption of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAM) is a critical upstream event of AD pathogenesis. Here, we review MAM's role in some AD symptoms such as plaque formation, tau hyperphosphorylation, synaptic loss, aberrant lipid synthesis, disturbed calcium homeostasis, and abnormal autophagy. At last, we proposed that MAM plays a central role in familial AD (FAD) and sporadic AD (SAD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangrun Wang
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Wenling Zhang
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
O’Day DH. Calmodulin Binding Proteins and Alzheimer's Disease: Biomarkers, Regulatory Enzymes and Receptors That Are Regulated by Calmodulin. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197344. [PMID: 33027906 PMCID: PMC7582761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The integral role of calmodulin in the amyloid pathway and neurofibrillary tangle formation in Alzheimer’s disease was first established leading to the “Calmodulin Hypothesis”. Continued research has extended our insight into the central function of the small calcium sensor and effector calmodulin and its target proteins in a multitude of other events associated with the onset and progression of this devastating neurodegenerative disease. Calmodulin’s involvement in the contrasting roles of calcium/CaM-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and calcineurin (CaN) in long term potentiation and depression, respectively, and memory impairment and neurodegeneration are updated. The functions of the proposed neuronal biomarker neurogranin, a calmodulin binding protein also involved in long term potentiation and depression, is detailed. In addition, new discoveries into calmodulin’s role in regulating glutamate receptors (mGluR, NMDAR) are overviewed. The interplay between calmodulin and amyloid beta in the regulation of PMCA and ryanodine receptors are prime examples of how the buildup of classic biomarkers can underly the signs and symptoms of Alzheimer’s. The role of calmodulin in the function of stromal interaction molecule 2 (STIM2) and adenosine A2A receptor, two other proteins linked to neurodegenerative events, is discussed. Prior to concluding, an analysis of how targeting calmodulin and its binding proteins are viable routes for Alzheimer’s therapy is presented. In total, calmodulin and its binding proteins are further revealed to be central to the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danton H. O’Day
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada;
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
PINK1 Silencing Modifies Dendritic Spine Dynamics of Mouse Hippocampal Neurons. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:570-579. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
13
|
Wu M, Yuan H, Li X, Liao Q, Liu Z. Identification of a Five-Gene Signature and Establishment of a Prognostic Nomogram to Predict Progression-Free Interval of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:790. [PMID: 31803141 PMCID: PMC6872544 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is high and increasing worldwide. Although prognosis is relatively good, it is important to select the minority of patients with poorer prognosis to avoid side effects associated with unnecessary over-treatment in low-risk patients; this requires accurate prognostic predictions. Materials and Methods: Six PTC expression datasets were obtained from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Level 3 mRNA expression and clinicopathological data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas Thyroid Cancer (TCGA-THCA) database. Through integrated analysis of these datasets, highly reliable differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) between tumor and normal tissue were identified and lasso Cox regression was applied to identify DEGs related to the progression-free interval (PFI) and to establish a prognostic gene signature. The performance of a five-gene signature was evaluated based on a Kaplan-Meier curve, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and Harrell's concordance index (C-index). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with PTC prognosis. Finally, a prognostic nomogram was established based on the TCGA-THCA dataset. Results: A novel five-gene signature was established to predict the PTC PFI, which included PLP2, LYVE1, FABP4, TGFBR3, and FXYD6, and the ROC curve and C-index showed good performance in both training and validation datasets. This could classify patients into high- and low-risk groups with distinct PFIs and differentiate PTC tumors from normal tissue. Univariate Cox regression revealed that this signature was an independent prognostic factor for PTC. The established nomogram, incorporating the prognostic gene signature and clinical parameters, was able to predict the PFI with high efficiency. The gene signature-based nomogram was superior to the American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk stratification to predict PTC PFI. Conclusions: Our study identified a five-gene signature and established a prognostic nomogram, which were reliable in predicting the PFI of PTC; this could be beneficial for individualized treatment and medical decision making.
Collapse
|
14
|
Hopp SC, Bihlmeyer NA, Corradi JP, Vanderburg C, Cacace AM, Das S, Clark TW, Betensky RA, Hyman BT, Hudry E. Neuronal calcineurin transcriptional targets parallel changes observed in Alzheimer disease brain. J Neurochem 2018; 147:24-39. [PMID: 29806693 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction and loss are core pathological features in Alzheimer disease (AD). In the vicinity of amyloid-β plaques in animal models, synaptic toxicity occurs and is associated with chronic activation of the phosphatase calcineurin (CN). Indeed, pharmacological inhibition of CN blocks amyloid-β synaptotoxicity. We therefore hypothesized that CN-mediated transcriptional changes may contribute to AD neuropathology and tested this by examining the impact of CN over-expression on neuronal gene expression in vivo. We found dramatic transcriptional down-regulation, especially of synaptic mRNAs, in neurons chronically exposed to CN activation. Importantly, the transcriptional profile parallels the changes in human AD tissue. Bioinformatics analyses suggest that both nuclear factor of activated T cells and numerous microRNAs may all be impacted by CN, and parallel findings are observed in AD. These data and analyses support the hypothesis that at least part of the synaptic failure characterizing AD may result from aberrant CN activation leading to down-regulation of synaptic genes, potentially via activation of specific transcription factors and expression of repressive microRNAs. OPEN PRACTICES Open Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials Badge. For more information see: https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/ Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Hopp
- Alzheimer's disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathan A Bihlmeyer
- MIND Informatics, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John P Corradi
- Exploratory Biology and Genomics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Charles Vanderburg
- Alzheimer's disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Angela M Cacace
- Exploratory Biology and Genomics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sudeshna Das
- MIND Informatics, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy W Clark
- MIND Informatics, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca A Betensky
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Alzheimer's disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eloise Hudry
- Alzheimer's disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Intrahippocampal injection of a lentiviral vector expressing neurogranin enhances cognitive function in 5XFAD mice. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:e461. [PMID: 29568074 PMCID: PMC5898899 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive cognitive declines are the main clinical symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cognitive impairment in AD is directly correlated with amyloid beta (Aβ)-mediated synaptic deficits. It is known that upregulation of neurogranin (Ng), a postsynaptic protein, contributes to the enhancement of synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. By contrast, downregulation of Ng expression results in learning and memory impairments. Interestingly, Ng expression is significantly reduced in the parenchyma of brains with AD. However, the pathological role that downregulated Ng plays in the cognitive dysfunctions observed in AD remains unclear. Therefore, the present study examined whether enhancing Ng expression affected cognitive functions in 5XFAD mice, an animal model of AD. We found that the Ng reductions and cognitive decline observed in 5XFAD mice were restored in mice that were intrahippocampally injected with an Ng-expressing lentiviral vector. Furthermore, overexpression of Ng upregulated expression of postsynaptic density protein-95 in the hippocampus of 5XFAD mice. These results suggest that the cause of cognitive decline in AD may be at least partially associated with reduced Ng levels, and thus, supplementation of Ng may be an appropriate therapeutic strategy for individuals with AD.
Collapse
|
16
|
Pagerols M, Richarte V, Sánchez-Mora C, Rovira P, Soler Artigas M, Garcia-Martínez I, Calvo-Sánchez E, Corrales M, da Silva BS, Mota NR, Victor MM, Rohde LA, Grevet EH, Bau CHD, Cormand B, Casas M, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Ribasés M. Integrative genomic analysis of methylphenidate response in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1881. [PMID: 29382897 PMCID: PMC5789875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) is the most frequently used pharmacological treatment in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, a considerable interindividual variability exists in clinical outcome. Thus, we performed a genome-wide association study of MPH efficacy in 173 ADHD paediatric patients. Although no variant reached genome-wide significance, the set of genes containing single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) nominally associated with MPH response (P < 0.05) was significantly enriched for candidates previously studied in ADHD or treatment outcome. We prioritised the nominally significant SNPs by functional annotation and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis in human brain, and we identified 33 SNPs tagging cis-eQTL in 32 different loci (referred to as eSNPs and eGenes, respectively). Pathway enrichment analyses revealed an over-representation of genes involved in nervous system development and function among the eGenes. Categories related to neurological diseases, psychological disorders and behaviour were also significantly enriched. We subsequently meta-analysed the association with clinical outcome for the 33 eSNPs across the discovery sample and an independent cohort of 189 ADHD adult patients (target sample) and we detected 15 suggestive signals. Following this comprehensive strategy, our results provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms implicated in MPH treatment effects and suggest promising candidates that may encourage future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Pagerols
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Richarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Mora
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Rovira
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Soler Artigas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Garcia-Martínez
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Calvo-Sánchez
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Corrales
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruna Santos da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nina Roth Mota
- Department of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,ADHD Outpatient Program, Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Moraes Victor
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Horacio Grevet
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Claiton Henrique Dotto Bau
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,ADHD Outpatient Program, Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Miguel Casas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. .,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zuo H, Liu X, Wang D, Li Y, Xu X, Peng R, Song T. RKIP-Mediated NF-κB Signaling is involved in ELF-MF-mediated improvement in AD rat. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:1658-1666. [PMID: 30588189 PMCID: PMC6299414 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.28411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we reported the positive effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-MF) exposure on Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In addition, we found that Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) was downregulated by microwave exposure in the rat hippocampus. Our hypothesis was that RKIP-mediated NF-κB pathway signaling is involved in the effect of ELF-MF on the AD rat. In this study, D-galactose intraperitoneal (50 mg/kg/d for 42 d) and Aβ25-35 hippocampal (5 μL/unilateral, bilateral, single-dose) injection were implemented to establish an AD rat model. Animals were exposed to 50 Hz and 400 µT ELF-MF for 60 continuous days. The spatial memory ability of the rat was then tested using the Morris water maze. Protein expression and interaction were detected by western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation for RKIP-mediated NF-κB pathway factors. The results showed that ELF-MF exposure partially improved the cognitive disorder, upregulated the levels of RKIP, TAK1, and the RKIP/TAK1 interaction, but downregulated p-IKK levels in AD rats. These results indicated that RKIP-mediated NF-κB pathway signaling plays an important role in the ELF-MF exposure-mediated improvements in the AD rat. Our study suggested that ELF-MF exposure might have a potential therapeutic value for AD. Further in depth studies are required in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zuo
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dewen Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinping Xu
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Palomino-Alonso M, Lachén-Montes M, González-Morales A, Ausín K, Pérez-Mediavilla A, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaría E. Network-Driven Proteogenomics Unveils an Aging-Related Imbalance in the Olfactory IκBα-NFκB p65 Complex Functionality in Tg2576 Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112260. [PMID: 29077059 PMCID: PMC5713230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfaction is often deregulated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, and is also impaired in transgenic Tg2576 AD mice, which overexpress the Swedish mutated form of human amyloid precursor protein (APP). However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that accompany the neurodegeneration of olfactory structures in aged Tg2576 mice. For that, we have applied proteome- and transcriptome-wide approaches to probe molecular disturbances in the olfactory bulb (OB) dissected from aged Tg2576 mice (18 months of age) as compared to those of age matched wild-type (WT) littermates. Some over-represented biological functions were directly relevant to neuronal homeostasis and processes of learning, cognition, and behavior. In addition to the modulation of CAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) and APP interactomes, an imbalance in the functionality of the IκBα-NFκB p65 complex was observed during the aging process in the OB of Tg2576 mice. At two months of age, the phosphorylated isoforms of olfactory IκBα and NFκB p65 were inversely regulated in transgenic mice. However, both phosphorylated proteins were increased at 6 months of age, while a specific drop in IκBα levels was detected in 18-month-old Tg2576 mice, suggesting a transient activation of NFκB in the OB of Tg2576 mice. Taken together, our data provide a metabolic map of olfactory alterations in aged Tg2576 mice, reflecting the progressive effect of APP overproduction and β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation on the OB homeostasis in aged stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maialen Palomino-Alonso
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Group, Navarrabiomed, Departamento de Salud, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Lachén-Montes
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Group, Navarrabiomed, Departamento de Salud, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Departamento de Salud, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Andrea González-Morales
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Group, Navarrabiomed, Departamento de Salud, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Departamento de Salud, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Karina Ausín
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Departamento de Salud, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Alberto Pérez-Mediavilla
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease, Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Department of Biochemistry, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Group, Navarrabiomed, Departamento de Salud, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Departamento de Salud, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Group, Navarrabiomed, Departamento de Salud, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Departamento de Salud, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Su L, Zhao H, Zhang X, Lou Z, Dong X. UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS based serum metabonomics revealed the metabolic perturbations of ischemic stroke and the protective effect of RKIP in rat models. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 12:1831-41. [PMID: 27110897 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00137h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the most fatal diseases in the world, which is seriously threatening human life. Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) is involved in the regulation of several signaling pathways and is important for cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In the present study, the protective effect of RKIP on stroke was investigated by the metabonomics method based on the UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique. TTC staining of brain tissues showed that RKIP overexpression by the lentivirus markedly reduced the necrotic area after ischemic stroke. Subsequent metabolomic profiling revealed that the protective effect of RKIP overexpression on ischemic stroke is mainly reflected in the metabolism of energy, amino acids and lipids. Several metabolites involved in purine, pyrimidine and fatty acid metabolism were identified. It was also shown that the protective effect of RKIP on ischemic stroke might be mediated by inhibiting the inflammatory response. The current study provided insight into the molecular mechanism of ischemic stroke and a reliable basis for the development of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Su
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xiuhua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ziyang Lou
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Esteve C, Jones EA, Kell DB, Boutin H, McDonnell LA. Mass spectrometry imaging shows major derangements in neurogranin and in purine metabolism in the triple-knockout 3×Tg Alzheimer mouse model. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1865:747-754. [PMID: 28411106 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) can simultaneously measure hundreds of biomolecules directly from tissue. Using different sample preparation strategies, proteins and metabolites have been profiled to study the molecular changes in a 3×Tg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. In comparison with wild-type (WT) control mice MALDI-MSI revealed Alzheimer's disease-specific protein profiles, highlighting dramatic reductions of a protein with m/z 7560, which was assigned to neurogranin and validated by immunohistochemistry. The analysis also revealed substantial metabolite changes, especially in metabolites related to the purine metabolic pathway, with a shift towards an increase in hypoxanthine/xanthine/uric acid in the 3×Tg AD mice accompanied by a decrease in AMP and adenine. Interestingly these changes were also associated with a decrease in ascorbic acid, consistent with oxidative stress. Furthermore, the metabolite N-arachidonyl taurine was increased in the diseased mouse brain sections, being highly abundant in the hippocampus. Overall, we describe an interesting shift towards pro-inflammatory molecules (uric acid) in the purinergic pathway associated with a decrease in anti-oxidant level (ascorbic acid). Together, these observations fit well with the increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation commonly observed in AD. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: MALDI Imaging, edited by Dr. Corinna Henkel and Prof. Peter Hoffmann.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Esteve
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emrys A Jones
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancs M13 9PL, UK; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, Lancs, UK
| | - Hervé Boutin
- Faculty of Medicine and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wolfson Molecular Imaging Center, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Liam A McDonnell
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Navigatore-Fonzo L, Castro A, Pignataro V, Garraza M, Casais M, Anzulovich AC. Daily rhythms of cognition-related factors are modified in an experimental model of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Res 2017; 1660:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
22
|
Su L, Zhang R, Chen Y, Zhu Z, Ma C. Raf Kinase Inhibitor Protein Attenuates Ischemic-Induced Microglia Cell Apoptosis and Activation Through NF-κB Pathway. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41:1125-1134. [PMID: 28245468 DOI: 10.1159/000464119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute ischemic stroke is one of the most important factors leading to disability and death with the characterization of accumulated neuron death and injured supportive neurovascular structures. Raf-1 kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) is a key molecule in cell response to survival or death stimuli. However, the role of RKIP in stroke is worthy to be further studied. METHODS We used lentivirus mediated RKIP knockdown and overexpression to investigate the effect of RKIP on animal models of focal cerebral ischemia. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, lactate dehydrogenase release analysis, and Annexin V-APC apoptosis assay were used to detect the effect RKIP on microglial cell apoptosis and survival. Transwell migration assay was carried out to evaluate the migration of microglia cells. The releases of inflammatory cytokines were determined by ELISA. The activation of NF-kappaB signaling pathway was determined by western blot. RESULTS Overexpression of RKIP reduced focal cerebral ischemia injury. RKIP knockdown and overexpression regulated survival, activation, and motility via the NF-κB pathway. NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 blocked the changes caused by RKIP down-regulation after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). RKIP overexpression inhibited the upregulation of phosphorylation of NF-κB induced by OGD and cerebral ischemia. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that RKIP protects against ischemic stroke through inhibition of microglial excessive activation, inhibits its motility, and promotes neuronal survival partly though IKKβ-IκBα-NF-κB signaling axis and indicate that RKIP is a new target for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
|
23
|
Reciprocal Control of Thyroid Binding and the Pipecolate Pathway in the Brain. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:217-243. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
24
|
Su L, Du H, Dong X, Zhang X, Lou Z. Raf kinase inhibitor protein regulates oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced PC12 cells apoptosis through the NF-κB and ERK pathways. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 59:86-92. [PMID: 27698534 PMCID: PMC5018566 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Raf-1 kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) is a critical molecule for cellular responses to stimuli. In this study, we investigated whether RKIP is responsible for neural cell apoptosis induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and explored the role of NF-κB and ERK pathways regulated by RKIP under OGD stimuli. RKIP was overexpressed or knocked down using lentivirus in PC12 cells, which were then challenged by OGD. RKIP overexpression significantly increased the cell viability of OGD cells, and attenuated apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and reactive oxygen species generation. RKIP knockdown induced reverse effects. Moreover, we found that RKIP interacted with TAK1, NIK, IKK, and Raf-1 and negatively regulated the NF-κB and ERK pathways. RKIP overexpression significantly inhibited IKK, IκBα, and P65 phosphorylation in NF-κB pathway and MEK, ERK, and CREB phosphorylation in ERK pathway, respectively. RKIP knockdown induced reverse effects. Furthermore, a NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 and a MEK inhibitor U0126 blocked the changes caused by RKIP down-regulation after OGD. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that RKIP plays a key role in neural cell apoptosis caused by OGD partly via regulating NF-κB and ERK pathways. The present study may provide new insights into the role of RKIP in ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Su
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongli Du
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ziyang Lou
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim H, Kang H, Heo RW, Jeon BT, Yi CO, Shin HJ, Kim J, Jeong SY, Kwak W, Kim WH, Kang SS, Roh GS. Caloric restriction improves diabetes-induced cognitive deficits by attenuating neurogranin-associated calcium signaling in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1098-110. [PMID: 26661177 PMCID: PMC4908619 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15606724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes-induced cognitive decline has been recognized in human patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus and mouse model of obesity, but the underlying mechanisms or therapeutic targets are not clearly identified. We investigated the effect of caloric restriction on diabetes-induced memory deficits and searched a molecular mechanism of caloric restriction-mediated neuroprotection. C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet for 40 weeks and RNA-seq analysis was performed in the hippocampus of high-fat diet-fed mice. To investigate caloric restriction effect on differential expression of genes, mice were fed high-fat diet for 20 weeks and continued on high-fat diet or subjected to caloric restriction (2 g/day) for 12 weeks. High-fat diet-fed mice exhibited insulin resistance, glial activation, blood-brain barrier leakage, and memory deficits, in that we identified neurogranin, a down-regulated gene in high-fat diet-fed mice using RNA-seq analysis; neurogranin regulates Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent synaptic function. Caloric restriction increased insulin sensitivity, reduced high-fat diet-induced blood-brain barrier leakage and glial activation, and improved memory deficit. Furthermore, caloric restriction reversed high-fat diet-induced expression of neurogranin and the activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and calpain as well as the downstream effectors. Our results suggest that neurogranin is an important factor of high-fat diet-induced memory deficits on which caloric restriction has a therapeutic effect by regulating neurogranin-associated calcium signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwajin Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoung Kang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Rok Won Heo
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Tak Jeon
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, USA
| | - Chin-Ok Yi
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Shin
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Yong Jeong
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Won-Ho Kim
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Osong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Seob Roh
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kester MI, Teunissen CE, Crimmins DL, Herries EM, Ladenson JH, Scheltens P, van der Flier WM, Morris JC, Holtzman DM, Fagan AM. Neurogranin as a Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker for Synaptic Loss in Symptomatic Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neurol 2016; 72:1275-80. [PMID: 26366630 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Neurogranin (NGRN) seems to be a promising novel cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker for synaptic loss; however, clinical, and especially longitudinal, data are sparse. OBJECTIVE To examine the utility of NGRN, with repeated CSF sampling, for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of Alzheimer disease (AD). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Longitudinal study of consecutive patients who underwent 2 lumbar punctures between the beginning of 1995 and the end of 2010 within the memory clinic-based Amsterdam Dementia Cohort. The study included 163 patients: 37 cognitively normal participants (mean [SE] age, 64 [2] years; 38% female; and mean [SE] Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] score, 28 [0.3]), 61 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (mean [SE] age, 68 [1] years; 38% female; and mean [SE] MMSE score, 27 [0.3]), and 65 patients with AD (mean [SE] age, 65 [1] years; 45% female; and mean [SE] MMSE score, 22 [0.7]). The mean (SE) interval between lumbar punctures was 2.0 (0.1) years, and the mean (SE) duration of cognitive follow-up was 3.8 (0.2) years. Measurements of CSF NGRN levels were obtained in January and February 2014. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE Levels of NGRN in CSF samples. RESULTS Baseline CSF levels of NGRN in patients with AD (median level, 2381 pg/mL [interquartile range, 1651-3416 pg/mL]) were higher than in cognitively normal participants (median level, 1712 pg/mL [interquartile range, 1206-2724 pg/mL]) (P = .04). Baseline NGRN levels were highly correlated with total tau and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 in all patient groups (all P < .001), but not with Aβ42. Baseline CSF levels of NGRN were also higher in patients with MCI who progressed to AD (median level, 2842 pg/mL [interquartile range, 1882-3950 pg/mL]) compared with those with stable MCI (median level, 1752 pg/mL [interquartile range, 1024-2438 pg/mL]) (P = .004), and they were predictive of progression from MCI to AD (hazard ratio, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.1-2.9]; stratified by tertiles). Linear mixed-model analyses demonstrated that within-person levels of NGRN increased over time in cognitively normal participants (mean [SE] level, 90 [45] pg/mL per year; P < .05) but not in patients with MCI or AD. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Neurogranin is a promising biomarker for AD because levels were elevated in patients with AD compared with cognitively normal participants and predicted progression from MCI to AD. Within-person levels of NGRN increased in cognitively normal participants but not in patients with later stage MCI or AD, which suggests that NGRN may reflect presymptomatic synaptic dysfunction or loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maartje I Kester
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel L Crimmins
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Elizabeth M Herries
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Jack H Ladenson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands4Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John C Morris
- The Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri6Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri7Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington Universit
| | - David M Holtzman
- The Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri6Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri7Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington Universit
| | - Anne M Fagan
- The Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri6Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri7Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington Universit
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Völgyi K, Háden K, Kis V, Gulyássy P, Badics K, Györffy BA, Simor A, Szabó Z, Janáky T, Drahos L, Dobolyi Á, Penke B, Juhász G, Kékesi KA. Mitochondrial Proteome Changes Correlating with β-Amyloid Accumulation. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2060-2078. [PMID: 26910821 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease of wide clinical heterogenity. Overproduction of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau proteins are important hallmarks of AD. The identification of early pathomechanisms of AD is critically important for discovery of early diagnosis markers. Decreased brain metabolism is one of the earliest clinical symptoms of AD that indicate mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain. We performed the first comprehensive study integrating synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondrial proteome analysis (two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry) in correlation with Aβ progression in APP/PS1 mice (3, 6, and 9 months of age). We identified changes of 60 mitochondrial proteins that reflect the progressive effect of APP overproduction and Aβ accumulation on mitochondrial processes. Most of the significantly affected proteins play role in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, citric acid cycle, oxidative stress, or apoptosis. Altered expression levels of Htra2 and Ethe1, which showed parallel changes in different age groups, were confirmed also by Western blot. The common regulator bioinformatical analysis suggests the regulatory role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in Aβ-mediated mitochondrial protein changes. Our results are in accordance with the previous postmortem human brain proteomic studies in AD in the case of many proteins. Our results could open a new path of research aiming early mitochondrial molecular mechanisms of Aβ accumulation as a prodromal stage of human AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Völgyi
- MTA-ELTE NAP B Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Krisztina Háden
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktor Kis
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Gulyássy
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-TTK NAP B MS Neuroproteomics Research Group, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata Badics
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs András Györffy
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE NAP B Neuroimmunology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Simor
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- Medical Chemistry Department, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Janáky
- Medical Chemistry Department, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- MTA-TTK NAP B MS Neuroproteomics Research Group, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád Dobolyi
- MTA-ELTE NAP B Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Botond Penke
- Medical Chemistry Department, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-TTK NAP B MS Neuroproteomics Research Group, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Adrienna Kékesi
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nilsson P, Loganathan K, Sekiguchi M, Winblad B, Iwata N, Saido TC, Tjernberg LO. Loss of neprilysin alters protein expression in the brain of Alzheimer's disease model mice. Proteomics 2015; 15:3349-55. [PMID: 26194619 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease displaying extracellular plaques formed by the neurotoxic amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles consisting of protein tau. However, how these pathologies relate to the massive neuronal death that occurs in AD brains remain elusive. Neprilysin is the major Aβ-degrading enzyme and a lack thereof increases Aβ levels in the brain twofold. To identify altered protein expression levels induced by increased Aβ levels, we performed a proteomic analysis of the brain of the AD mouse model APPsw and compared it to that of APPsw mice lacking neprilysin. To this end we established an LC-MS/MS method to analyze brain homogenate, using an (18) O-labeled internal standard to accurately quantify the protein levels. To distinguish between alterations in protein levels caused by increased Aβ levels and those induced by neprilysin deficiency independently of Aβ, the brain proteome of neprilysin deficient APPsw mice was also compared to that of neprilysin deficient mice. By this approach we identified approximately 600 proteins and the levels of 300 of these were quantified. Pathway analysis showed that many of the proteins with altered expression were involved in neurological disorders, and that tau, presenilin and APP were key regulators in the identified networks. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium with identifiers PXD000968 and PXD001786 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000968 and (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD001786). Interestingly, the levels of several proteins, including some not previously reported to be linked to AD, were associated with increased Aβ levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Per Nilsson
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan.,Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Krishnapriya Loganathan
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan.,Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Misaki Sekiguchi
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Nobuhisa Iwata
- Dept of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Lars O Tjernberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Schmouth JF, Arenillas D, Corso-Díaz X, Xie YY, Bohacec S, Banks KG, Bonaguro RJ, Wong SH, Jones SJM, Marra MA, Simpson EM, Wasserman WW. Combined serial analysis of gene expression and transcription factor binding site prediction identifies novel-candidate-target genes of Nr2e1 in neocortex development. BMC Genomics 2015. [PMID: 26204903 PMCID: PMC4512088 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nr2e1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group e, member 1) encodes a transcription factor important in neocortex development. Previous work has shown that nuclear receptors can have hundreds of target genes, and bind more than 300 co-interacting proteins. However, recognition of the critical role of Nr2e1 in neural stem cells and neocortex development is relatively recent, thus the molecular mechanisms involved for this nuclear receptor are only beginning to be understood. Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), has given researchers both qualitative and quantitative information pertaining to biological processes. Thus, in this work, six LongSAGE mouse libraries were generated from laser microdissected tissue samples of dorsal VZ/SVZ (ventricular zone and subventricular zone) from the telencephalon of wild-type (Wt) and Nr2e1-null embryos at the critical development ages E13.5, E15.5, and E17.5. We then used a novel approach, implementing multiple computational methods followed by biological validation to further our understanding of Nr2e1 in neocortex development. Results In this work, we have generated a list of 1279 genes that are differentially expressed in response to altered Nr2e1 expression during in vivo neocortex development. We have refined this list to 64 candidate direct-targets of NR2E1. Our data suggested distinct roles for Nr2e1 during different neocortex developmental stages. Most importantly, our results suggest a possible novel pathway by which Nr2e1 regulates neurogenesis, which includes Lhx2 as one of the candidate direct-target genes, and SOX9 as a co-interactor. Conclusions In conclusion, we have provided new candidate interacting partners and numerous well-developed testable hypotheses for understanding the pathways by which Nr2e1 functions to regulate neocortex development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1770-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Schmouth
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada. .,Genetics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z2, Canada. .,Current address: Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - David Arenillas
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - Ximena Corso-Díaz
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada. .,Genetics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Yuan-Yun Xie
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - Slavita Bohacec
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - Kathleen G Banks
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - Russell J Bonaguro
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - Siaw H Wong
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Genetics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z2, Canada. .,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada. .,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada. .,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth M Simpson
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada. .,Genetics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z2, Canada. .,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada.
| | - Wyeth W Wasserman
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada. .,Genetics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z2, Canada. .,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Potential roles of PINK1 for increased PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and their associations with Alzheimer disease and diabetes. Mitochondrion 2014; 18:41-8. [PMID: 25260493 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Down-regulation of PINK1 and PGC-1α proteins is implicated in both mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress potentially linking metabolic abnormality and neurodegeneration. Here, we report that PGC-1α and PINK1 expression is markedly decreased in Alzheimer disease (AD) and diabetic brains. We observed a significant down-regulation of PGC-1α and PINK1 protein expression in H2O2-treated cells but not in those cells treated with N-acetyl cysteine. The protein levels of two key enzymes of the mitochondrial β-oxidation machinery, acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, very long chain (ACADVL) and mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme subunit α are significantly decreased in AD and diabetic brains. Moreover, we observed a positive relationship between ACADVL and 64 kDa PINK1 protein levels in AD and diabetic brains. Overexpression of PGC-1α decreases lipid-droplet accumulation and increases mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation; down-regulation of PINK1 abolishes these effects. Together, these results provide new insights into potential cooperative roles of PINK1 and PGC-1α in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, suggesting possible regulatory roles for mitochondrial function in the pathogenesis of AD and diabetes.
Collapse
|
31
|
RKIP Regulates Neural Cell Apoptosis Induced by Exposure to Microwave Radiation Partly Through the MEK/ERK/CREB Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1520-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
32
|
Genetic reduction of mammalian target of rapamycin ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-like cognitive and pathological deficits by restoring hippocampal gene expression signature. J Neurosci 2014; 34:7988-98. [PMID: 24899720 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0777-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling has been found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and is linked to diabetes and aging, two known risk factors for AD. However, whether hyperactive mTOR plays a role in the cognitive deficits associated with AD remains elusive. Here, we genetically reduced mTOR signaling in the brains of Tg2576 mice, a widely used animal model of AD. We found that suppression of mTOR signaling reduced amyloid-β deposits and rescued memory deficits. Mechanistically, the reduction in mTOR signaling led to an increase in autophagy induction and restored the hippocampal gene expression signature of the Tg2576 mice to wild-type levels. Our results implicate hyperactive mTOR signaling as a previous unidentified signaling pathway underlying gene-expression dysregulation and cognitive deficits in AD. Furthermore, hyperactive mTOR signaling may represent a molecular pathway by which aging contributes to the development of AD.
Collapse
|
33
|
He K, Xiao W, Lv W. Comprehensive identification of essential pathways and transcription factors related to epilepsy by gene set enrichment analysis on microarray datasets. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:715-24. [PMID: 25016997 PMCID: PMC4121356 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder characterized by seizures or convulsions, and is known to affect patients with primary brain tumors. The etiology of epilepsy is superficially thought to be multifactorial; however, the genetic factors which may be involved in the pathogenesis of seizures have not yet been elucidated, particularly at the pathway level. In the present study, in order to systematically investigate the gene regulatory networks involved in epilepsy, we employed a microarray dataset from the public database library of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) associated with tumor-induced epileptogenesis and applied gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on these data sets and performed candidate transcription factor (TF) selection. As a result, 68 upregulated pathways, including the extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction (P=0.004) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways (P=0.045), as well as 4 downregulated pathways, including the GnRH signaling pathway (P=0.029) and gap junction (P=0.034) were identified as epileptogenesis-related pathways. The majority of these pathways identified have been previously reported and our results were in accordance with those reports. However, some of these pathways identified were novel. Finally, co-expression networks of the related pathways were constructed with the significant core genes and TFs, such as PPAR-γ and phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein. The results of our study may contribute to the improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of epileptogenesis on a genome-wide level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kan He
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Weizhong Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Lv
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bouter Y, Kacprowski T, Weissmann R, Dietrich K, Borgers H, Brauß A, Sperling C, Wirths O, Albrecht M, Jensen LR, Kuss AW, Bayer TA. Deciphering the molecular profile of plaques, memory decline and neuron loss in two mouse models for Alzheimer's disease by deep sequencing. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:75. [PMID: 24795628 PMCID: PMC3997018 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the central research questions on the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the elucidation of the molecular signatures triggered by the amyloid cascade of pathological events. Next-generation sequencing allows the identification of genes involved in disease processes in an unbiased manner. We have combined this technique with the analysis of two AD mouse models: (1) The 5XFAD model develops early plaque formation, intraneuronal Aβ aggregation, neuron loss, and behavioral deficits. (2) The Tg4–42 model expresses N-truncated Aβ4–42 and develops neuron loss and behavioral deficits albeit without plaque formation. Our results show that learning and memory deficits in the Morris water maze and fear conditioning tasks in Tg4–42 mice at 12 months of age are similar to the deficits in 5XFAD animals. This suggested that comparative gene expression analysis between the models would allow the dissection of plaque-related and -unrelated disease relevant factors. Using deep sequencing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and subsequently verified by quantitative PCR. Nineteen DEGs were identified in pre-symptomatic young 5XFAD mice, and none in young Tg4–42 mice. In the aged cohort, 131 DEGs were found in 5XFAD and 56 DEGs in Tg4–42 mice. Many of the DEGs specific to the 5XFAD model belong to neuroinflammatory processes typically associated with plaques. Interestingly, 36 DEGs were identified in both mouse models indicating common disease pathways associated with behavioral deficits and neuron loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Bouter
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Georg-August-University Goettingen, University Medicine Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany
| | - Tim Kacprowski
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biometrics and Medical Informatics, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany ; Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Robert Weissmann
- Human Molecular Genetics, Department for Human Genetics of the Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Institute for Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Katharina Dietrich
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Georg-August-University Goettingen, University Medicine Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany
| | - Henning Borgers
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Georg-August-University Goettingen, University Medicine Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany
| | - Andreas Brauß
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Georg-August-University Goettingen, University Medicine Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany
| | - Christian Sperling
- Human Molecular Genetics, Department for Human Genetics of the Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Institute for Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Oliver Wirths
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Georg-August-University Goettingen, University Medicine Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany
| | - Mario Albrecht
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biometrics and Medical Informatics, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany ; Institute for Knowledge Discovery, Graz University of Technology , Graz , Austria
| | - Lars R Jensen
- Human Molecular Genetics, Department for Human Genetics of the Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Institute for Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Andreas W Kuss
- Human Molecular Genetics, Department for Human Genetics of the Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Institute for Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Thomas A Bayer
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Georg-August-University Goettingen, University Medicine Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hoffman L, Chandrasekar A, Wang X, Putkey JA, Waxham MN. Neurogranin alters the structure and calcium binding properties of calmodulin. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:14644-55. [PMID: 24713697 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.560656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogranin (Ng) is a member of the IQ motif class of calmodulin (CaM)-binding proteins, and interactions with CaM are its only known biological function. In this report we demonstrate that the binding affinity of Ng for CaM is weakened by Ca(2+) but to a lesser extent (2-3-fold) than that previously suggested from qualitative observations. We also show that Ng induced a >10-fold decrease in the affinity of Ca(2+) binding to the C-terminal domain of CaM with an associated increase in the Ca(2+) dissociation rate. We also discovered a modest, but potentially important, increase in the cooperativity in Ca(2+) binding to the C-lobe of CaM in the presence of Ng, thus sharpening the threshold for the C-domain to become Ca(2+)-saturated. Domain mapping using synthetic peptides indicated that the IQ motif of Ng is a poor mimetic of the intact protein and that the acidic sequence just N-terminal to the IQ motif plays an important role in reproducing Ng-mediated decreases in the Ca(2+) binding affinity of CaM. Using NMR, full-length Ng was shown to make contacts largely with residues in the C-domain of CaM, although contacts were also detected in residues in the N-terminal domain. Together, our results can be consolidated into a model where Ng contacts residues in the N- and C-lobes of both apo- and Ca(2+)-bound CaM and that although Ca(2+) binding weakens Ng interactions with CaM, the most dramatic biochemical effect is the impact of Ng on Ca(2+) binding to the C-terminal lobe of CaM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xu Wang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - John A Putkey
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - M Neal Waxham
- From the Departments of Neurobiology and Anatomy and
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hallen A, Jamie JF, Cooper AJL. Lysine metabolism in mammalian brain: an update on the importance of recent discoveries. Amino Acids 2013; 45:1249-72. [PMID: 24043460 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The lysine catabolism pathway differs in adult mammalian brain from that in extracerebral tissues. The saccharopine pathway is the predominant lysine degradative pathway in extracerebral tissues, whereas the pipecolate pathway predominates in adult brain. The two pathways converge at the level of ∆(1)-piperideine-6-carboxylate (P6C), which is in equilibrium with its open-chain aldehyde form, namely, α-aminoadipate δ-semialdehyde (AAS). A unique feature of the pipecolate pathway is the formation of the cyclic ketimine intermediate ∆(1)-piperideine-2-carboxylate (P2C) and its reduced metabolite L-pipecolate. A cerebral ketimine reductase (KR) has recently been identified that catalyzes the reduction of P2C to L-pipecolate. The discovery that this KR, which is capable of reducing not only P2C but also other cyclic imines, is identical to a previously well-described thyroid hormone-binding protein [μ-crystallin (CRYM)], may hold the key to understanding the biological relevance of the pipecolate pathway and its importance in the brain. The finding that the KR activity of CRYM is strongly inhibited by the thyroid hormone 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) has far-reaching biomedical and clinical implications. The inter-relationship between tryptophan and lysine catabolic pathways is discussed in the context of shared degradative enzymes and also potential regulation by thyroid hormones. This review traces the discoveries of enzymes involved in lysine metabolism in mammalian brain. However, there still remain unanswered questions as regards the importance of the pipecolate pathway in normal or diseased brain, including the nature of the first step in the pathway and the relationship of the pipecolate pathway to the tryptophan degradation pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Hallen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Balaclava Road, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hallen A, Jamie JF, Cooper AJL. Imine reductases: a comparison of glutamate dehydrogenase to ketimine reductases in the brain. Neurochem Res 2013; 39:527-41. [PMID: 23314864 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0964-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A key intermediate in the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)-catalyzed reaction is an imine. Mechanistically, therefore, GDH exhibits similarities to the ketimine reductases. In the current review, we briefly discuss (a) the metabolic importance of the GDH reaction in liver and brain, (b) the mechanistic similarities between GDH and the ketimine reductases, (c) the metabolic importance of the brain ketimine reductases, and (d) the neurochemical consequences of defective ketimine reductases. Our review contains many historical references to the early work on amino acid metabolism. This work tends to be overlooked nowadays, but is crucial for a contemporary understanding of the central importance of ketimines in nitrogen and intermediary metabolism. The ketimine reductases are important enzymes linking nitrogen flow among several key amino acids, yet have been little studied. The cerebral importance of the ketimine reductases is an area of biomedical research that deserves far more attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Hallen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Balaclava Road, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Unveiling clusters of RNA transcript pairs associated with markers of Alzheimer's disease progression. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45535. [PMID: 23029078 PMCID: PMC3448659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One primary goal of transcriptomic studies is identifying gene expression patterns correlating with disease progression. This is usually achieved by considering transcripts that independently pass an arbitrary threshold (e.g. p<0.05). In diseases involving severe perturbations of multiple molecular systems, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), this univariate approach often results in a large list of seemingly unrelated transcripts. We utilised a powerful multivariate clustering approach to identify clusters of RNA biomarkers strongly associated with markers of AD progression. We discuss the value of considering pairs of transcripts which, in contrast to individual transcripts, helps avoid natural human transcriptome variation that can overshadow disease-related changes. Methodology/Principal Findings We re-analysed a dataset of hippocampal transcript levels in nine controls and 22 patients with varying degrees of AD. A large-scale clustering approach determined groups of transcript probe sets that correlate strongly with measures of AD progression, including both clinical and neuropathological measures and quantifiers of the characteristic transcriptome shift from control to severe AD. This enabled identification of restricted groups of highly correlated probe sets from an initial list of 1,372 previously published by our group. We repeated this analysis on an expanded dataset that included all pair-wise combinations of the 1,372 probe sets. As clustering of this massive dataset is unfeasible using standard computational tools, we adapted and re-implemented a clustering algorithm that uses external memory algorithmic approach. This identified various pairs that strongly correlated with markers of AD progression and highlighted important biological pathways potentially involved in AD pathogenesis. Conclusions/Significance Our analyses demonstrate that, although there exists a relatively large molecular signature of AD progression, only a small number of transcripts recurrently cluster with different markers of AD progression. Furthermore, considering the relationship between two transcripts can highlight important biological relationships that are missed when considering either transcript in isolation.
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhong L, Gerges NZ. Neurogranin targets calmodulin and lowers the threshold for the induction of long-term potentiation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41275. [PMID: 22848456 PMCID: PMC3405117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium entry and the subsequent activation of CaMKII trigger synaptic plasticity in many brain regions. The induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus requires a relatively high amount of calcium-calmodulin. This requirement is usually explained, based on in vitro and theoretical studies, by the low affinity of CaMKII for calmodulin. An untested hypothesis, however, is that calmodulin is not randomly distributed within the spine and its targeting within the spine regulates LTP. We have previously shown that overexpression of neurogranin enhances synaptic strength in a calmodulin-dependent manner. Here, using post-embedding immunogold labeling, we show that calmodulin is not randomly distributed, but spatially organized in the spine. Moreover, neurogranin regulates calmodulin distribution such that its overexpression concentrates calmodulin closer to the plasma membrane, where a high level of CaMKII immunogold labeling is also found. Interestingly, the targeting of calmodulin by neurogranin results in lowering the threshold for LTP induction. These findings highlight the significance of calmodulin targeting within the spine in synaptic plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhong
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nashaat Z. Gerges
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Impact of common regulatory single-nucleotide variants on gene expression profiles in whole blood. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 21:48-54. [PMID: 22692066 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have uncovered susceptibility loci for a large number of complex traits. Functional interpretation of candidate genes identified by GWAS and confident assignment of the causal variant still remains a major challenge. Expression quantitative trait (eQTL) mapping has facilitated identification of risk loci for quantitative traits and might allow prioritization of GWAS candidate genes. One major challenge of eQTL studies is the need for larger sample numbers and replication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the robustness and reproducibility of whole-blood eQTLs in humans and test their value in the identification of putative functional variants involved in the etiology of complex traits. In the current study, we performed comphrehensive eQTL mapping from whole blood. The discovery sample included 322 Caucasians from a general population sample (KORA F3). We identified 363 cis and 8 trans eQTLs after stringent Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. Of these, 98.6% and 50% of cis and trans eQTLs, respectively, could be replicated in two independent populations (KORA F4 (n=740) and SHIP-TREND (n=653)). Furthermore, we identified evidence of regulatory variation for SNPs previously reported to be associated with disease loci (n=59) or quantitative trait loci (n=20), indicating a possible functional mechanism for these eSNPs. Our data demonstrate that eQTLs in whole blood are highly robust and reproducible across studies and highlight the relevance of whole-blood eQTL mapping in prioritization of GWAS candidate genes in humans.
Collapse
|
41
|
A comparative analysis of tissue gene expression data from high-throughput studies. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
42
|
Zhou K, Yang Y, Gao L, He G, Li W, Tang K, Ji B, Zhang M, Li Y, Yang J, Sun L, Zhang Z, Zhu H, He L, Wan C. NMDA receptor hypofunction induces dysfunctions of energy metabolism and semaphorin signaling in rats: a synaptic proteome study. Schizophr Bull 2012; 38:579-91. [PMID: 21084551 PMCID: PMC3329985 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbq132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable evidence to suggest that aberrations of synapse connectivity contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated glutamate transmission is especially important. Administration of MK-801 ([+]-5-methyl-10, 11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo-[a, d]-cycloheptene-5, 10-iminehydrogenmaleate) induces hypofunction of NMDA receptors in rats, which are widely used as a model for schizophrenia. We investigated synaptosomal proteome expression profiling of the cerebral cortex of MK-801-treated Sprague-Dawley rats using the 2-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis method, and 49 differentially expression proteins were successfully identified using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight/Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry. We carried out a literature search for further confirmation of subsynaptic locations and to explore the relevance to the diseases of differentially expressed proteins. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) was used to further examine the underlying relationship between the changed proteins. The network encompassing "cell morphology, cell-to-cell signaling and interaction, nervous system development and function" was found to be significantly altered in the MK-801-treated rats. "Energy metabolism" and "semaphorin signaling in neurons" are the most significant IPA canonical pathways to be affected by MK-801 treatment. Using western blots, we confirmed the differential expression of Camk2a, Crmp2, Crmp5, Dnm1, and Ndufs3 in both synaptosome proteins and total proteins in the cerebral cortex of the rats. Our study identified the change and/or response of the central nervous transmission system under the stress of NMDA hypofunction, underlining the importance of the synaptic function in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Zhou
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China,Institutes for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Yang
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China,Institutes for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Linghan Gao
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China,Institutes for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang He
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China,Institutes for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China,Institutes for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kefu Tang
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China,Institutes for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Baohu Ji
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China,Institutes for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China,Institutes for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China,Institutes for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinglei Yang
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China,Institutes for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liya Sun
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China,Institutes for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China,Institutes for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China,Institutes for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China,Institutes for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunling Wan
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China,Institutes for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 00-86-21-62932779, fax: 00-86-21-62822491, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Guttula SV, Allam A, Gumpeny RS. Analyzing microarray data of Alzheimer's using cluster analysis to identify the biomarker genes. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 2012:649456. [PMID: 22482075 PMCID: PMC3296213 DOI: 10.1155/2012/649456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer is characterized by the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in cortical regions of the brain. The experimental data is taken from Gene Expression Omnibus. A hierarchical Cluster analysis and TreeView were performed to group genes on the basis of the expression pattern. The dynamic change of expression over time and diverse patterns of expression support the concept of a complex local milieu. TreeView allows the organized data to be visualized. List of 24 genes were obtained which showed high expression levels. Three genes, SORL1, APP, and APOE, are suspected to cause Alzheimer's whereas the other 21 genes are related to other diseases but may also be found to be associated with Alzheimer's, and these are TMEM59, CCT4, IGF2R, SFPQ, PRDX3, RNF14, IDS, SSBP1, SYNE2, TXNL4A, STXBP3, SMARCB1, ULK2, AGTPBP1, FABP7, CALB1, H2AFY, COPA, SAP18, ATIC and SYNCRIP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satya vani Guttula
- Department of Biotechnology, Al-Ameer College of Engineering & IT, Andhra Pradesh, Visakhapatnam 531173, India
| | - Apparao Allam
- Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Andhra Pradesh, Kakinada 533003, India
| | - R. Sridhar Gumpeny
- Endocrine & Diabetes Centre, Andhra Pradesh, Visakhapatnam 530002, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Differentiation of single cell derived human mesenchymal stem cells into cells with a neuronal phenotype: RNA and microRNA expression profile. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:3995-4007. [PMID: 21773948 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The adult bone marrow contains a subset of non-haematopoietic cells referred to as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted immense research interest in the field of regenerative medicine due to their ability to be cultured for successive passages and multi-lineage differentiation. The molecular mechanisms governing the self-renewal and differentiation of MSCs remain largely unknown. In a previous paper we demonstrated the ability to induce human clonal MSCs to differentiate into cells with a neuronal phenotype (DMSCs). In the present study we evaluated gene expression profiles by Sequential Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) and microRNA expression profiles before and after the neuronal differentiation process. Various tissue-specific genes were weakly expressed in MSCs, including those of non-mesodermal origin, suggesting multiple potential tissue-specific differentiation, as well as stemness markers. Expression of OCT4, KLF4 and c-Myc cell reprogramming factors, which are modulated during the differentiation process, was also observed. Many peculiar nervous tissue genes were expressed at a high level in DMSCs, along with genes related to apoptosis. MicroRNA profiling and correlation with mRNA expression profiles allowed us to identify putative important genes and microRNAs involved in the differentiation of MSCs into neuronal-like cells. The profound difference in gene and microRNA expression patterns between MSCs and DMSCs indicates a real functional change during differentiation from MSCs to DMSCs.
Collapse
|
45
|
Hallen A, Cooper AJL, Jamie JF, Haynes PA, Willows RD. Mammalian forebrain ketimine reductase identified as μ-crystallin; potential regulation by thyroid hormones. J Neurochem 2011; 118:379-87. [PMID: 21332720 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ketimine reductase (E.C. 1.5.1.25) was purified to apparent homogeneity from lamb forebrain by means of a rapid multi-step chromatography protocol. The purified enzyme was identified by MS/MS (mass spectrometry) as μ-crystallin. The identity was confirmed by heterologously expressing human μ-crystallin in Escherichia coli and subsequent chromatographic purification of the protein. The purified human μ-crystallin was confirmed to have ketimine reductase activity with a maximum specific activity similar to that of native ovine ketimine reductase, and was found to catalyse a sequential reaction. The enzyme substrates are putative neuromodulator/transmitters. The thyroid hormone 3,5,3'-l-triiodothyronine (T3) was found to be a strong reversible competitive inhibitor, and may have a novel role in regulating their concentrations. μ-Crystallin is also involved in intracellular T3 storage and transport. This research is the first to demonstrate an enzyme function for μ-crystallin. This newly demonstrated enzymatic activity identifies a new role for thyroid hormones in regulating mammalian amino acid metabolism, and a possible reciprocal role of enzyme activity regulating bioavailability of intracellular T3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Hallen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|