1
|
Canet G, Gratuze M, Zussy C, Bouali ML, Diaz SD, Rocaboy E, Laliberté F, El Khoury NB, Tremblay C, Morin F, Calon F, Hébert SS, Julien C, Planel E. Age-dependent impact of streptozotocin on metabolic endpoints and Alzheimer's disease pathologies in 3xTg-AD mice. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 198:106526. [PMID: 38734152 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease with a complex origin, thought to involve a combination of genetic, biological and environmental factors. Insulin dysfunction has emerged as a potential factor contributing to AD pathogenesis, particularly in individuals with diabetes, and among those with insulin deficiency or undergoing insulin therapy. The intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ) is widely used in rodent models to explore the impact of insulin deficiency on AD pathology, although prior research predominantly focused on young animals, with no comparative analysis across different age groups. Our study aimed to fill this gap by analyzing the impact of insulin dysfunction in 7 and 23 months 3xTg-AD mice, that exhibit both amyloid and tau pathologies. Our objective was to elucidate the age-specific consequences of insulin deficiency on AD pathology. STZ administration led to insulin deficiency in the younger mice, resulting in an increase in cortical amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau aggregation, while tau phosphorylation was not significantly affected. Conversely, older mice displayed an unexpected resilience to the peripheral metabolic impact of STZ, while exhibiting an increase in both tau phosphorylation and aggregation without significantly affecting amyloid pathology. These changes were paralleled with alterations in signaling pathways involving tau kinases and phosphatases. Several markers of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity declined with age in 3xTg-AD mice, which might have facilitated a direct neurotoxic effect of STZ in older mice. Overall, our research confirms the influence of insulin signaling dysfunction on AD pathology, but also advises careful interpretation of data related to STZ-induced effects in older animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Canet
- Laval University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurosciences and Psychiatry department, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Neurosciences axis, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Maud Gratuze
- Laval University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurosciences and Psychiatry department, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Institute of Neurophysiopathology (INP), University of Aix-Marseille, CNRS UMR 7051, 13385 Marseille, France.
| | - Charleine Zussy
- Laval University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurosciences and Psychiatry department, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Neurosciences axis, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Mohamed Lala Bouali
- Laval University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurosciences and Psychiatry department, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Sofia Diego Diaz
- Laval University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurosciences and Psychiatry department, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Emma Rocaboy
- Laval University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurosciences and Psychiatry department, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Francis Laliberté
- Neurosciences axis, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Noura B El Khoury
- Laval University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurosciences and Psychiatry department, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; University of Balamand, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Departement of Psychology, Tueini Building Kalhat, Al-Kurah, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon.
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Neurosciences axis, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Françoise Morin
- Neurosciences axis, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Neurosciences axis, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Laval University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Neurosciences and Psychiatry department, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Sébastien S Hébert
- Laval University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurosciences and Psychiatry department, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Neurosciences axis, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Carl Julien
- Research Center in Animal Sciences of Deschambault, Québec, QC G0A 1S0, Canada; Laval University, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Laval University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurosciences and Psychiatry department, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Neurosciences axis, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gáll Z, Boros B, Kelemen K, Urkon M, Zolcseak I, Márton K, Kolcsar M. Melatonin improves cognitive dysfunction and decreases gliosis in the streptozotocin-induced rat model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1447757. [PMID: 39135795 PMCID: PMC11317391 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1447757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other forms of dementia have a devastating effect on the community and healthcare system, as neurodegenerative diseases are causing disability and dependency in older population. Pharmacological treatment options are limited to symptomatic alleviation of cholinergic deficit and accelerated clearance of β-amyloid aggregates, but accessible disease-modifying interventions are needed especially in the early phase of AD. Melatonin was previously demonstrated to improve cognitive function in clinical setting and experimental studies also. Methods In this study, the influence of melatonin supplementation was studied on behavioral parameters and morphological aspects of the hippocampus and amygdala of rats. Streptozotocin (STZ) was injected intracerebroventricularly to induce AD-like symptoms in male adult Wistar rats (n = 18) which were compared to age-matched, sham-operated animals (n = 16). Melatonin was administered once daily in a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight by oral route. Behavioral analysis included open-field, novel object recognition, and radial-arm maze tests. TNF-α and MMP-9 levels were determined from blood samples to assess the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of melatonin. Immunohistological staining of brain sections was performed using anti-NeuN, anti-IBA-1, and anti-GFAP primary antibodies to evaluate the cellular reorganization of hippocampus. Results and Discussion The results show that after 40 days of treatment, melatonin improved the cognitive performance of STZ-induced rats and reduced the activation of microglia in both CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. STZ-injected animals had higher levels of GFAP-labeled astrocytes in the CA1 region, but melatonin treatment reduced this to that of the control group. In conclusion, melatonin may be a potential therapeutic option for treating AD-like cognitive decline and neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Gáll
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Bernadett Boros
- Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Krisztina Kelemen
- Department of Physiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Melinda Urkon
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - István Zolcseak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Kincső Márton
- Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Melinda Kolcsar
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Târgu Mures, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khamies SM, El-Yamany MF, Ibrahim SM. Canagliflozin Mitigated Cognitive Impairment in Streptozotocin-Induced Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease in Mice: Role of AMPK/SIRT-1 Signaling Pathway in Modulating Neuroinflammation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2024; 19:39. [PMID: 39073453 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD) represents a major health concern especially among elderly. Noteworthy, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are highly implicated in AD pathogenesis resulting in enhanced disease progression. Moreover, most of the available anti-Alzheimer drugs have several adverse effects with variable efficacy, therefore new strategies, including agents with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, are encouraged. Along these lines, canagliflozin (CAN), with its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities, presents a promising candidate for AD treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of CAN via regulation of AMPK/SIRT-1/BDNF/GSK-3β signaling pathway in SAD. SAD model was induced by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin injection (ICV-STZ;3 mg/kg, once), while CAN was administered (10 mg/kg/day, orally) to STZ-treated mice for 21 days. Behavioral tests, novel object recognition (NOR), Y-Maze, and Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests, histopathological examination, total adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (T-AMPK) expression, p-AMPK, and silent information regulator-1 (SIRT-1) were evaluated. Furthermore, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Tau protein, insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), nuclear factor erythroid-2 (Nrf-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa-B-p65 (NFκB-p65), beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1), and amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque were assessed. CAN restored STZ-induced cognitive deficits, confirmed by improved behavioral tests and histopathological examination. Besides, CAN halted STZ-induced neurotoxicity through activation of p-AMPK/SIRT-1/BDNF pathway, subsequently reduction of GSK-3β, Tau protein, AChE, NFκB-p65, IL-6, BACE-1, and Aβ plaque associated with increased IDE and Nrf-2. Consequentially, our findings assumed that CAN, via targeting p-AMPK/SIRT-1 pathway, combated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in STZ-induced AD. Thus, this study highlighted the promising effect of CAN for treating AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Khamies
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Menoufia University, Menoufia, 32511, Egypt
| | - Mohammed F El-Yamany
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cairo University, ElKasr Elaini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Sherehan M Ibrahim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cairo University, ElKasr Elaini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kushawaha SK, Ashawat MS, Baldi A. Auranofin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles alleviate cognitive deficit induced by streptozotocin in rats model: modulation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory markers, and neurotransmitters. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03253-x. [PMID: 38967827 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease remains an unsolved neurological puzzle with no cure. Current therapies offer only symptomatic relief, hindered by limited uptake through the blood-brain barrier. Auranofin, an FDA-approved compound, exhibits potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties targeting brain disorders. Yet, its oral bioavailability challenge prompts the exploration of nanoformulation-based solutions enhancing blood-brain barrier penetrability. The study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective potential of auranofin nanoparticles in streptozotocin-induced AD rats. Auranofin-containing polylactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles were formulated by the multiple emulsion solvent evaporation method. Characterization was done by determining entrapment efficiency, particle size distribution, surface charge, and morphology. An in vivo study was performed by administering streptozotocin (3 mg/kg/i.c.v., days 1 and 3), auranofin (5 and 10 mg/kg), auranofin nanoparticles (2.5 and 5 mg/kg), and donepezil (2 mg/kg) for 14 days orally. Behavioral deficits were evaluated using the open field test, Morris water maze, objective recognition test, change in oxidative stress levels, and AD markers in the brain. Following the decapitation of the rats, the brains were excised to isolate the hippocampus. Subsequent analyses included the quantification of biochemical and neuroinflammatory markers, as well as the assessment of neurotransmitter levels. The characterization of auranofin nanoparticles showed an entrapment efficiency of 98%, an average particle size of 101.5 ± 10.3 nm, a surface charge of 27.5 ± 5.10 mV, and a polydispersity index of 0.438 ± 0.12. In vivo, administration of auranofin and auranofin nanoparticles significantly reversed streptozotocin-induced cognitive deficits, biochemical alteration, neuroinflammatory markers, and neurotransmitter levels. The present finding suggests that auranofin nanoparticles have more significant neuroprotective potential than auranofin alone. The therapeutic efficacy may be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as its positive neuromodulatory effects. Therefore, our findings suggest that it could be a promising candidate for Alzheimer's disease therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Kumar Kushawaha
- Pharma Innovation Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences &Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Mahendra Singh Ashawat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Distt. Kangra, Kathog, H.P., 176031, India
| | - Ashish Baldi
- Pharma Innovation Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences &Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kushawaha SK, Ashawat MS, Soni D, Kumar P, Rimpi, Baldi A. Aurothioglucose encapsulated nanoparticles fostered neuroprotection in streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2024; 1834:148906. [PMID: 38570152 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Alzherimer's disease (AD) is an age-dependent ubiquitous ailment worldwide with limited therapies that only alleviate the symptoms of AD but do not cure them entirely because of the restricted blood-brain barrier passage of the drug. Hence with new advanced technology, nanoparticles can offer an opportunity as the active candidate to overcome the above limitations. Aurothioglucose, a synthetic glucose derivative of the gold compound, has been clinically proven to be an effective anti-inflammatory drug for rheumatic arthritis. Recently, several scientific groups have developed gold nanoparticle preparations and tested them for the treatment of dementia. This study was planned to prepare the PLGA nanoparticles of aurothioglucose (ATG) and check the neuroprotective potential against STZ-induced AD in rats. The nanoparticles were prepared using the double emulsion solvent evaporation method and characterized for various parameters such as drug-excipient interaction, particle size, zeta potential, and morphology. Then, rats were injected STZ (3 mg/kg/i.c.v., days 1 and 3) and ATG (5 and 10 mg/kg/s.c.), ATG NPs (2.5 and 5 mg/kg/s.c.) and donepezil (2 mg/kg/p.o) from 15th to 29th day. Behavior parameters were performed using an actophotometer, MWM, and ORT. On the 30th day, all the animals were sacrificed, and the brains were isolated for estimating biochemical, neurochemical, and proinflammatory markers. It was observed that ATG NPs significantly restored all behavior and neurotransmitter alterations caused by STZ. Also, it increased antioxidant levels and decreased inflammatory cytokines significantly, then ATG alone. Thus, the study suggests that ATG loaded PLGA NPs could be used as a novel therapeutic strategy to slow the process of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Kumar Kushawaha
- Pharma Innovation Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Mahendra Singh Ashawat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Distt. Kangra, Himanchal Pradesh 176031, India
| | - Divya Soni
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India.
| | - Rimpi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PCTE College, Baddowal, Ludhiana 141021, India
| | - Ashish Baldi
- Pharma Innovation Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda 151001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bezerra JR, de Souza Nascimento T, Tavares J, de Aguiar MSS, Maia MVV, de Andrade GM. Neuroprotective Effect of Chlorogenic Acid in an Animal Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease Induced by Streptozotocin. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04299-x. [PMID: 38898198 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease is a degenerative neurological condition which leads to a decline in memory and cognitive function. Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) presents properties including neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of CGA on cognitive impairments, neuroinflammation and neuronal damage in mice submitted to an experimental model of Sporadic Alzheimer Disease (SAD) induced by intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin (ICV-STZ). Male Swiss mice received bilateral ICV-STZ injections (3 mg/Kg) on days 1 and 3. The treatment with CGA (5 mg/Kg, orally) or vehicle (water, orally), was initiated and continued for 26 days, starting 2 h after the second induction procedure. At first, there was no change in serum glucose levels after SAD induction. ICV-STZ induces impairments in aversive, recognition, and spatial memory, while CGA treatment significantly alleviated these memory deficits. Furthermore, locomotor activity, working memory, and anxiety-related activities remained unaffected by the treatments. CGA treatment protects against ICV-STZ-induced increase in the nitrite/nitrate and TBARS levels. ICV-STZ induced a reduction in viable cells, depletion of BDNF, and triggered astrogliosis and microgliosis in the cortex and hippocampus. Treatment with CGA preserves viable cell count in the prefrontal cortex, CA1, and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. Additionally, it prevented BDNF depletion in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (CA1, CA3, and DG regions), and mitigated astrogliosis and microgliosis in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (CA1, CA3, and DG regions). These findings indicate the neuroprotective effects of CGA, underscoring their potential as therapeutic agents or adjuncts in the treatment of SAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Rabelo Bezerra
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, Porangabussu, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), , Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo 1127, Porangabussu, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Tyciane de Souza Nascimento
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Costa Mendes, Porangabussu, Fortaleza, Ceará, 160860430-140, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), , Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo 1127, Porangabussu, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Juliete Tavares
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Costa Mendes, Porangabussu, Fortaleza, Ceará, 160860430-140, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), , Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo 1127, Porangabussu, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Soares de Aguiar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Costa Mendes, Porangabussu, Fortaleza, Ceará, 160860430-140, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), , Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo 1127, Porangabussu, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Maiara Virgínia Viana Maia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, Porangabussu, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Geanne Matos de Andrade
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, Porangabussu, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Costa Mendes, Porangabussu, Fortaleza, Ceará, 160860430-140, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), , Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo 1127, Porangabussu, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil.
- Neuroscience and Behavior Lab, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1000, Fortaleza, CE, 60.430-275, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang S, Qiao J, Zhang M, Kwok LY, Matijašić BB, Zhang H, Zhang W. Prevention and treatment of antibiotics-associated adverse effects through the use of probiotics: A review. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00230-3. [PMID: 38844120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human gut hosts a diverse microbial community, essential for maintaining overall health. However, antibiotics, commonly prescribed for infections, can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to antibiotic-associated diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and even neurological disorders. Recognizing this, probiotics have emerged as a promising strategy to counteract these adverse effects. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the latest evidence concerning the utilization of probiotics in managing antibiotic-associated side effects. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Probiotics play a crucial role in preserving gut homeostasis, regulating intestinal function and metabolism, and modulating the host immune system. These mechanisms serve to effectively alleviate antibiotic-associated adverse effects and enhance overall well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Jiaqi Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | | | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wrzesień A, Andrzejewski K, Jampolska M, Kaczyńska K. Respiratory Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease-Consequence or Underlying Cause? Applying Animal Models to the Study of Respiratory Malfunctions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2327. [PMID: 38397004 PMCID: PMC10888758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative brain disease that is the most common cause of dementia among the elderly. In addition to dementia, which is the loss of cognitive function, including thinking, remembering, and reasoning, and behavioral abilities, AD patients also experience respiratory disturbances. The most common respiratory problems observed in AD patients are pneumonia, shortness of breath, respiratory muscle weakness, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The latter is considered an outcome of Alzheimer's disease and is suggested to be a causative factor. While this narrative review addresses the bidirectional relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and Alzheimer's disease and reports on existing studies describing the most common respiratory disorders found in patients with Alzheimer's disease, its main purpose is to review all currently available studies using animal models of Alzheimer's disease to study respiratory impairments. These studies on animal models of AD are few in number but are crucial for establishing mechanisms, causation, implementing potential therapies for respiratory disorders, and ultimately applying these findings to clinical practice. This review summarizes what is already known in the context of research on respiratory disorders in animal models, while pointing out directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Kaczyńska
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (K.A.); (M.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Masai K, Nakayama Y, Shin K, Sugahara C, Miyazaki I, Yasuhara T, Date I, Asanuma M. Neurogenesis impairment with glial activation in the hippocampus-connected regions of intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-injected mice. Neurosci Lett 2024; 820:137598. [PMID: 38110145 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus and subventricular zone (SVZ) is impaired by intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin (icv-STZ) to rodents. Although neural cells in the several brain regions which connect with the hippocampus or SVZ is thought to be involved in the adult neurogenesis, few studies have investigated morphological alterations of glial cells in these areas. The present study revealed that icv-STZ induces reduction of neural progenitor cells and a dramatic increase in reactive astrocytes and microglia especially in the hippocampus and various hippocampus-connected brain areas. In contrast, there was no significant neuronal damage excluding demyelination of the stria medullaris. The results indicate the hippocampal neurogenesis impairment of this model might be occurred by activated glial cells in the hippocampus, or hippocampus-connected regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Masai
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuta Nakayama
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kotaro Shin
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Chiaki Sugahara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ikuko Miyazaki
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takao Yasuhara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Isao Date
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masato Asanuma
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dhapola R, Kumari S, Sharma P, HariKrishnaReddy D. Insight into the emerging and common experimental in-vivo models of Alzheimer's disease. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:33. [PMID: 38082453 PMCID: PMC10712122 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial, rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disorder. As the exact cause of the disease is still unclear, the drug development is very challenging. This review encompasses the commonly used AD models involving various chemicals, heavy metals and endogenous substances induced models and the transgenic models. It also provides insight into the reliable emerging models of AD that may overcome the shortcomings associated with available models. Chemicals like streptozotocin, scopolamine, colchicine and okadaic acid render the animal susceptible to neuroinflammation and oxidative stress induced neurodegeneration along with amyloid-β deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Similarly, endogenous substances like acrolein and amyloid-β 1-42 are efficient in inducing the major pathologies of AD. Heavy metals like aluminum and fluoride and mixture of these have been reported to induce neurotoxicity therefore are used as animal models for AD. Transgenic models developed as a result of knock-in or knock-out of certain genes associated with AD including PDAPP, APP23, Tg2576, APP/PS1, 3 × Tg and 5 × FAD have also been incorporated in this study. Further, emerging and advanced pathomimetic models of AD are provided particular interest here which will add on to the current knowledge of animal models and may aid in the drug development process and deepen our understanding related to AD pathogenesis. These newly discovered models include oAβ25-35 model, transgenic model expressing 82-kDa ChAT, oDGal mouse and APP knock-in rat. This study may aid in the selection of suitable model for development of novel potent therapeutics and for exploring detailed pathogenic mechanism of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishika Dhapola
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Sneha Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Prajjwal Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Dibbanti HariKrishnaReddy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pati S, Singh Gautam A, Dey M, Tiwari A, Kumar Singh R. Molecular and functional characteristics of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and its therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103750. [PMID: 37633326 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and cell death processes positively control the organ homeostasis of an organism. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), a member of the RIPK family, is a crucial regulator of cell death and inflammation, and control homeostasis at the cellular and tissue level. Necroptosis, a programmed form of necrosis-mediated cell death and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced necrotic cell death, is mostly regulated by RIPK1 kinase activity. Thus, RIPK1 has recently emerged as an upstream kinase that controls multiple cellular pathways and participates in regulating inflammation and cell death. All the major cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) have been found to express RIPK1. Selective inhibition of RIPK1 has been shown to prevent neuronal cell death, which could ultimately lead to a significant reduction of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. In addition, the kinase structure of RIPK1 is highly conducive to the development of specific pharmacological small-molecule inhibitors. These factors have led to the emergence of RIPK1 as an important therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Pati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Transit Campus, Bijnour-sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avtar Singh Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Transit Campus, Bijnour-sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mangaldeep Dey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Transit Campus, Bijnour-sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aman Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Transit Campus, Bijnour-sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Transit Campus, Bijnour-sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
El-Maraghy SA, Reda A, Essam RM, Kortam MA. The citrus flavonoid "Nobiletin" impedes STZ-induced Alzheimer's disease in a mouse model through regulating autophagy mastered by SIRT1/FoxO3a mechanism. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2701-2717. [PMID: 37598127 PMCID: PMC10518278 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The prominence of autophagy in the modulation of neurodegenerative disorders has sparked interest to investigate its stimulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nobiletin possesses several bioactivities such as anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and neuroprotection. Consequently, the study's aim was to inspect the possible neurotherapeutic impact of Nobiletin in damping AD through autophagy regulation. Mice were randomly assigned into: Group I which received DMSO, Groups II, III, and IV obtained STZ (3 mg/kg) intracerebroventricularly once with Nobiletin (50 mg/kg/day; i.p.) in Group III and Nobiletin with EX-527 (2 mg/kg, i.p.) in Group IV. Interestingly, Nobiletin ameliorated STZ-induced AD through enhancing the motor performance and repressing memory defects. Moreover, Nobiletin de-escalated hippocampal acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and enhanced acetylcholine level while halting BACE1 and amyloid-β levels. Meanwhile, Nobiletin stimulated the autophagy process through activating the SIRT1/FoxO3a, LC3B-II, and ATG7 pathway. Additionally, Nobiletin inhibited Akt pathway and controlled the level of NF-κB and TNF-α. Nobiletin amended the oxidative stress through enhancing GSH and cutting down MDA levels. However, EX527, SIRT1 inhibitor, counteracted the neurotherapeutic effects of Nobiletin. Therefore, the present study provides a strong verification for the therapeutic influence of Nobiletin in AD. This outcome may be assigned to autophagy stimulation through SIRT1/FoxO3a, inhibiting AChE activity, reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shohda A El-Maraghy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Aya Reda
- Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI), Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham M Essam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona A Kortam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fronza MG, Alves D, Praticò D, Savegnago L. The neurobiology and therapeutic potential of multi-targeting β-secretase, glycogen synthase kinase 3β and acetylcholinesterase in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102033. [PMID: 37595640 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting almost 50 million of people around the world, characterized by a complex and age-related progressive pathology with projections to duplicate its incidence by the end of 2050. AD pathology has two major hallmarks, the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation, alongside with several sub pathologies including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, loss of neurogenesis and synaptic dysfunction. In recent years, extensive research pointed out several therapeutic targets which have shown promising effects on modifying the course of the disease in preclinical models of AD but with substantial failure when transposed to clinic trials, suggesting that modulating just an isolated feature of the pathology might not be sufficient to improve brain function and enhance cognition. In line with this, there is a growing consensus that an ideal disease modifying drug should address more than one feature of the pathology. Considering these evidence, β-secretase (BACE1), Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has emerged as interesting therapeutic targets. BACE1 is the rate-limiting step in the Aβ production, GSK-3β is considered the main kinase responsible for Tau hyperphosphorylation, and AChE play an important role in modulating memory formation and learning. However, the effects underlying the modulation of these enzymes are not limited by its primarily functions, showing interesting effects in a wide range of impaired events secondary to AD pathology. In this sense, this review will summarize the involvement of BACE1, GSK-3β and AChE on synaptic function, neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Additionally, we will present and discuss new perspectives on the modulation of these pathways on AD pathology and future directions on the development of drugs that concomitantly target these enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Fronza
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN) - Centre for Technology Development CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), UFPel, RS, Brazil
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple - ACT, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN) - Centre for Technology Development CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alves SS, Servilha-Menezes G, Rossi L, da Silva Junior RMP, Garcia-Cairasco N. Evidence of disturbed insulin signaling in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105326. [PMID: 37479008 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Since glucose reuptake by neurons is mostly independent of insulin, it has been an intriguing question whether insulin has or not any roles in the brain. Consequently, the identification of insulin receptors in the central nervous system has fueled investigations of insulin functions in the brain. It is also already known that insulin can influence glucose reuptake by neurons, mostly during activities that have the highest energy demand. The identification of high density of insulin receptors in the hippocampus also suggests that insulin may present important roles related to memory. In this context, studies have reported worse performance in cognitive tests among diabetic patients. In addition, alterations in the regulation of central insulin pathways have been observed in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. In fact, some authors have proposed AD as a third type of diabetes and recently, our group proposed insulin resistance as a common link between different AD hypotheses. Therefore, in the present narrative review, we intend to revise and gather the evidence of disturbed insulin signaling in experimental animal models of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suélen Santos Alves
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil
| | - Gabriel Servilha-Menezes
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil
| | - Leticia Rossi
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil
| | - Rui Milton Patrício da Silva Junior
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil; Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil; Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Voronova AD, Karsuntseva EK, Stepanova OV, Chadin AV, Shishkina VV, Andretsova SS, Fursa GA, Shport SV, Reshetov IV, Chekhonin VP. Modeling of Alzheimer's Disease to Study the Efficacy of Cell Therapy (Review). Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 175:524-529. [PMID: 37768457 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the main approaches to the modeling of Alzheimer's disease for studying the effectiveness of cell therapy. Recent advances in regenerative medicine in the field of neuroscience create prospects for the use of various cell preparations for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Experimental data on the use of neural stem/progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells in various models of Alzheimer's disease are presented. Of particular importance is the standardization of protocols. The use of a standardized protocol in modeling of Alzheimer's disease will allow a comparative analysis of the effectiveness and safety of treatment to identify the optimal cell preparation. The data obtained on experimental animals can form the basis for further preclinical and clinical studies of cell therapy for Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Voronova
- V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - E K Karsuntseva
- V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Stepanova
- V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- E. I. Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Chadin
- V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Shishkina
- V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - S S Andretsova
- V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - G A Fursa
- V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Shport
- V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Reshetov
- University Clinical Hospital, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - V P Chekhonin
- V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ulaganathan S, Pitchaimani A. Spontaneous and familial models of Alzheimer's disease: Challenges and advances in preclinical research. Life Sci 2023:121918. [PMID: 37422070 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder that is progressive and irreversible in nature. Even after decades of dedicated research and paradigm-shifting hypotheses of AD etiology, very few well-founded credible improvements have been foreseen in understanding the actual underlying mechanisms involved in the development of the disorder. As for any disease to be well-comprehended, AD also requires optimal modelling strategies, which will then pave way for effective therapeutic interventions. Most of the clinical trials and research towards better treatment of AD fail in translation, due to the inefficacy of explored animal models to mimic the actual AD pathology, precisely. The majority of the existing AD models are developed based on the mutations found in the familial form of AD (fAD) which accounts for less than 5 % of the incidence of AD. Further, the investigations also face more challenges due to the additional complexities and lacunae found in etiology of sporadic form of AD (sAD), which accounts for 95 % of total AD. This review illustrates the gaps found in different models of AD, both sporadic and familial variants with additional focus on recent avenues for accurate simulation of AD pathology using in vitro and chimeric AD models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suryapriya Ulaganathan
- Precision Nanomedicine and Microfluidic Lab, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, TN, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, TN, India
| | - Arunkumar Pitchaimani
- Precision Nanomedicine and Microfluidic Lab, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, TN, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, TN, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rabieipoor S, Zare M, Ettcheto M, Camins A, Javan M. Metformin restores cognitive dysfunction and histopathological deficits in an animal model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17873. [PMID: 37483818 PMCID: PMC10362193 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metformin has been introduced as a neuroprotective agent in recent years. Here we evaluate the therapeutic effects of metformin in sporadic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (SAD). Methods AD was induced by streptozotocin (STZ, 0.5 mg/kg) on days 1 and 3. Metformin (MET, 200 mg/kg per day) was used for two weeks. Novel objective recognition (NOR) and Barnes Maze test were used to test the learning and memory. Nissl staining was used as s histological method for counting the dying neurons in different regions of hippocampus. Immunofluorescence staining against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) and NeuN were used to visualize reactive astrocytes, microglia and neurons, respectively. Results In NOR test, the discrimination indices in the STZ group were significantly lower than the control and treatment groups. Goal sector/non-goal sector (GS/NGS) ratio index in Barnes maze was increased in metformin group compared to other groups. The number of dying neurons was increased by SAD and metformin reduced it. GFAP level was increased in CA1, CA3 and cortex of STZ group and reversed following the treatment. Iba1 level was significantly higher in STZ group in CA3 and cortex regions compared to Control and decreased by metformin in CA3 and cortex. Counting NeuN+ cells demonstrated significant reduction of neurons in DG+CA1 and CA3 after SAD induction. Significance Metformin decreased inflammatory cells and reactive astrocytes as well as the dying neurons in the hippocampus region and the cortex in SAD, and improved the cognitive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saghar Rabieipoor
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
- Institute for Brain and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
| | - Meysam Zare
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
- Institute for Brain and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08028 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08028 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
- Institute for Brain and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Su Y, Wang D, Liu N, Yang J, Sun R, Zhang Z. Clostridium butyricum improves cognitive dysfunction in ICV-STZ-induced Alzheimer's disease mice via suppressing TLR4 signaling pathway through the gut-brain axis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286086. [PMID: 37267300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the relationship between gut-brain axis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) attracted increasing attention. The aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of Clostridium butyricum (CB) on intraventricular injection of streptozotocin (ICV-STZ)-induced mice and the potential mechanisms. ICV-STZ mice were treated with CB by gavage for 21 consecutive days. The pharmacological effect of CB was assessed by behavior test, brain tissue H&E staining and tau protein phosphorylation levels of hippocampus tissues. The expression levels of TLR4, MYD88, NF-κB p65, TNF-α, iNOS, Occludin and ZO-1 in hippocampal and colonic tissues were detected by Western-blot method. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis was used to analyze the intestinal microbiota of mice. The results showed that CB improved the cognitive dysfunction of ICV-STZ mice, restored the structure and cell number of hippocampal and cortical neurons, decreased the protein levels of pSer404-tau protein in hippocampal tissues and TLR4, MYD88, NF-κB p65 and iNOS in hippocampal and colonic tissues, and increased the protein levels of Occludin and ZO-1 in colonic tissues. Meanwhile, CB reversed the changes of intestinal microbiota in AD mice. Therefore, the mechanisms of cognitive function and brain pathological changes in AD mice improved by CB may be related to the regulation of TLR4 signaling pathway and intestinal microbiota. This study supports the potential anti-AD effect of CB and initially revealed its pharmacological mechanism of CB, providing a theoretical basis for further clinical application of CB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfang Su
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Dahui Wang
- LiangShan College (LiShui) China, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang Province, China
- Henan JinBaiHe Biotechnology Co. LTD, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- School of Acupuncture and Massage, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruiqin Sun
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang X, Subbanna S, Williams CRO, Canals-Baker S, Smiley JF, Wilson DA, Das BC, Saito M. Anti-inflammatory Action of BT75, a Novel RARα Agonist, in Cultured Microglia and in an Experimental Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1958-1970. [PMID: 36781685 PMCID: PMC10355192 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BT75, a boron-containing retinoid, is a novel retinoic acid receptor (RAR)α agonist synthesized by our group. Previous studies indicated that activation of retinoic acid (RA) signaling may attenuate progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Presently, we aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of BT75 and explore the possible mechanism using cultured cells and an AD mouse model. Pretreatment with BT75 (1-25 µM) suppressed the release of nitric oxide (NO) and IL-1β in the culture medium of mouse microglial SIM-A9 cells activated by LPS. BMS195614, an RARα antagonist, partially blocked the inhibition of NO production by BT75. Moreover, BT75 attenuated phospho-Akt and phospho-NF-κB p65 expression augmented by LPS. In addition, BT75 elevated arginase 1, IL-10, and CD206, and inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and IL-6 formation in LPS-treated SIM-A9 cells, suggesting the promotion of M1-M2 microglial phenotypic polarization. C57BL/6 mice were injected intracerebroventricularly (icv) with streptozotocin (STZ) (3 mg/kg) to provide an AD-like mouse model. BT75 (5 mg/kg) or the vehicle was intraperitoneally (ip) injected to icv-STZ mice once a day for 3 weeks. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that GFAP-positive cells and rod or amoeboid-like Iba1-positive cells, which increased in the hippocampal fimbria of icv-STZ mice, were reduced by BT75 treatment. Western blot results showed that BT75 decreased levels of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), GFAP, and phosphorylated Tau, and increased levels of synaptophysin in the hippocampus of icv-STZ mice. BT75 may attenuate neuroinflammation by affecting the Akt/NF-κB pathway and microglial M1-M2 polarization in LPS-stimulated SIM-A9 cells. BT75 also reduced AD-like pathology including glial activation in the icv-STZ mice. Thus, BT75 may be a promising anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agent worthy of further AD studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Shivakumar Subbanna
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Colin R O Williams
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Stefanie Canals-Baker
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - John F Smiley
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald A Wilson
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bhaskar C Das
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, 75 DeKalb Ave., Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mariko Saito
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Andrade MK, Souza LC, Azevedo EM, Bail EL, Zanata SM, Andreatini R, Vital MABF. Melatonin reduces β-amyloid accumulation and improves short-term memory in streptozotocin-induced sporadic Alzheimer's disease model. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 14:264-272. [PMID: 36926592 PMCID: PMC10011440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, it can be associated with circadian rhythms, aging and neuroprotection. Melatonin levels are decreased in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) patients, which suggests a relationship between the melatonergic system and sAD. Melatonin may reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, TAU protein hyperphosphorylation, and the formation of β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates. Therefore, the objective of this work was to investigate the impact of treatment with 10 mg/kg of melatonin (i.p) in the animal model of sAD induced by the intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of 3 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ). ICV-STZ causes changes in the brain of rats similar to those found in patients with sAD. These changes include; progressive memory decline, the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaques, disturbances in glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and even reactive astrogliosis characterized by the upregulation of glucose levels and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The results show that ICV-STZ caused short-term spatial memory impairment in rats after 30 days of STZ infusion without locomotor impairment which was evaluated on day 27 post-injury. Furthermore, we observed that a prolonged 30-day treatment with melatonin can improve the cognitive impairment of animals in the Y-maze test, but not in the object location test. Finally, we demonstrated that animals receiving ICV-STZ have high levels of Aβ and GFAP in the hippocampus and that treatment with melatonin reduces Aβ levels but does not reduce GFAP levels, concluding that melatonin may be useful to control the progression of amyloid pathology in the brain.
Collapse
Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer Disease
- APP, Amyloid precursor protein
- Alzheimer's disease
- Aβ, β-amyloid
- GFAP
- GFAP, Glial fibrillary acidic protein
- ICV-STZ, Intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin
- MEL, Melatonin
- MT1, Melatonin Receptor 1
- MT2, Melatonin Receptor 2
- Melatonin
- OLT, Object location test
- STZ, Streptozotocin
- Short-term memory
- Streptozotocin
- TNF-α, Tumor Necrosis factor alpha
- Y maze
- sAD, Sporadic Alzheimer disease
- β-amyloid
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos K Andrade
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Leonardo C Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Evellyn M Azevedo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, PR, Brazil.,Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Ellen L Bail
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, PR, Brazil.,Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Silvio M Zanata
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Maria A B F Vital
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Özdemir Ç, Arslan M, Küçük A, Yığman Z, Dursun AD. Therapeutic Efficacy of Boric Acid Treatment on Brain Tissue and Cognitive Functions in Rats with Experimental Alzheimer's Disease. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1453-1462. [PMID: 37220543 PMCID: PMC10200114 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s405963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oxidative stress has an important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia. Boric acid (BA) contributes significantly to the protection of the brain by reducing lipid peroxidation and supporting antioxidant defense. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of BA treatment in AD rats. Materials and Methods Four groups were formed as Control (C), Alzheimer's (A), Alzheimer's + Boric acid (ABA), Boric acid (BA). Intracerebroventricular injection of Streptozotocin (STZ) was preferred to create an AD. After 4 weeks, BA was applied 3 times every other day. The Radial Arm Maze Test (RAMT) was used to evaluate memory and learning abilities. Biochemical and histopathological evaluations were made in the hippocampus. Results Initial RAMT inlet/outlet (I/O) numbers were similar. Two weeks after STZ injection, I/O numbers decreased in group A and ABA compared to group C and BA (p<0.05). After the second BA application, I/O numbers increased in the ABA group compared to the A group (p<0.05). In group A, PON-1, TOS and OSI levels were higher and TAS levels were lower than in groups BA and C. After BA treatment, PON-1 and OSI levels were lower in the ABA group than in the A group (p<0.05). Although there was an increase in TAS value and a decrease in TOS, this did not make a statistical difference. The thickness of the pyramidal cell in CA1 and the granular cell layers in the dentate gyrus, and the number of intact and degenerated neurons in the pyramidal cell layer were similar between the groups. Discussion Significant improvement in learning and memory abilities after BA application is promising for AD. Conclusion These results show that BA application positively affects learning and memory abilities, and reduces oxidative stress. More extensive studies are required to evaluate histopathological efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Çağrı Özdemir
- Mamak State Hospital Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, Turkey
- Gazi University, Life Sciences Application and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
- Gazi University, Laboratory Animal Breeding and Experimental Research Center (GÜDAM), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Küçük
- Kutahya Health Sciences University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Yığman
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey
- Gazi University Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Doğan Dursun
- Atılım University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Solanki R, Karande A, Ranganathan P. Emerging role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1149618. [PMID: 37255721 PMCID: PMC10225576 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1149618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a chronic age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by neuroinflammation and extracellular aggregation of Aβ peptide. Alzheimer's affects every 1 in 14 individuals aged 65 years and above. Recent studies suggest that the intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in modulating neuro-inflammation which in turn influences Aβ deposition. The gut and the brain interact with each other through the nervous system and chemical means via the blood-brain barrier, which is termed the Microbiota Gut Brain Axis (MGBA). It is suggested that the gut microbiota can impact the host's health, and numerous factors, such as nutrition, pharmacological interventions, lifestyle, and geographic location, can alter the gut microbiota composition. Although, the exact relationship between gut dysbiosis and AD is still elusive, several mechanisms have been proposed as drivers of gut dysbiosis and their implications in AD pathology, which include, action of bacteria that produce bacterial amyloids and lipopolysaccharides causing macrophage dysfunction leading to increased gut permeability, hyperimmune activation of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and NLRP3), impairment of gut- blood brain barrier causing deposition of Aβ in the brain, etc. The study of micro-organisms associated with dysbiosis in AD with the aid of appropriate model organisms has recognized the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes which contain organisms of the genus Escherichia, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, etc., to contribute significantly to AD pathology. Modulating the gut microbiota by various means, such as the use of prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics or fecal matter transplantation, is thought to be a potential therapeutic intervention for the treatment of AD. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge on possible mechanisms of gut microbiota dysbiosis, the role of gut brain microbiota axis in neuroinflammation, and the application of novel targeted therapeutic approaches that modulate the gut microbiota in treatment of AD.
Collapse
|
23
|
Fonseca-Santos B, Cazarin CA, da Silva PB, Dos Santos KP, da Rocha MCO, Báo SN, De-Souza MM, Chorilli M. Intranasal in situ gelling liquid crystal for delivery of resveratrol ameliorates memory and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023:102689. [PMID: 37156330 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an illness that affects people aged 65 or older and affects around 6.5 million in the United States. Resveratrol is a chemical obtained from natural products and it exhibits biological activity based on inhibiting the formation, depolymerization of the amyloid, and decreasing neuroinflammation. Due to the insolubility of this compound; its incorporation in surfactant-based systems was proposed to design an intranasal formulation. A range of systems has been produced by mixing oleic acid, CETETH-20 and water. Polarised light microscopy (PLM), small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirm the initial liquid formulation (F) presented as microemulsion (ME). After dilution, the gelled systems were characterized as hexagonal mesophase and they showed feasibility proprieties. Pharmacological assays performed after intranasal administration showed the ability to improve learning and memory in animals, as well as remission of neuroinflammation via inhibition of interleukin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fonseca-Santos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-902, Brazil; Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Health Sciences Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Salvador, Bahia 40170-115, Brazil.
| | - Camila André Cazarin
- University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Postgraduate in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Itajaí, Santa Catarina 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bento da Silva
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Kaio Pini Dos Santos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristina Oliveira da Rocha
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Sônia Nair Báo
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Márcia Maria De-Souza
- University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Postgraduate in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Itajaí, Santa Catarina 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-902, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Neuroprotective effects of methylene blue in streptozotocin-induced model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2023; 1805:148290. [PMID: 36804486 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) can be used as a multidirectional neuroprotector to stop the development of multiple cascades of neuron damage during neurodegenerative processes. This study assesses a protective effect of MB, using an experimental simulation of sporadic Alzheimer's disease by intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. It was found that a STZ-induced impairment of memory can be partially mitigated with intravenous injections of MB after the administration of STZ. The treatment of animals with MB prevented the STZ-induced increase in the number and density of microglial and GFAP-positive cells in the brain cortex. In addition, it was shown that the expression of the LC3B protein, an indicator of autophagy, increases in the hippocampus of animals treated with STZ. In the hippocampus of animals treated with MB, an increase in the expression of the LC3B protein was prevented. Using the Griess reaction assay and immunocytochemical study was found that MB reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced NO-production and the expression of iNOS in cultured neurons. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that MB has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects and is able to prevent autophagy. These effects have important therapeutic implications, so MB could potentially play a role in the treatment of neurodegenerative processes.
Collapse
|
25
|
Silva SSL, Tureck LV, Souza LC, Mello-Hortega JV, Piumbini AL, Teixeira MD, Furtado-Alle L, Vital MABF, Souza RLR. Animal model of Alzheimer's disease induced by streptozotocin: New insights about cholinergic pathway. Brain Res 2023; 1799:148175. [PMID: 36436686 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of multifactorial origin, and still presents several gaps regarding its development and progression. Disorders of the cholinergic system are well known to be involved in the pathogenesis of AD, characterized by increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and decreased acetyltransferase (ChAT) enzymatic activities. Late onset AD (LOAD) animal model induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (icv-STZ) showed promising results in this context, due to the similarity with the pathophysiology of human LOAD. Thus, this study aimed to assess the long-term effects of icv-STZ on the cholinergic system, through the measuring of AChE and BChE enzymatic activities in hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and liver of animals euthanized 30 and 120-days after the icv-STZ. Regarding the cholinergic response to icv-STZ, the 30-days and 120-days STZ-induced rats exhibit decreased AChE and BChE activities only in the hippocampus. The cognitive deficit was more consistent in the 30-days post icv-STZ animals, as was the weight loss. This is the first study to investigate the long-term effects (more than 60 days) of the icv-STZ on AChE and BChE activities, and our results, as well as those of a recent study, suggest that the cholinergic system may not be compromised by icv-STZ, at least in the long term, which means that this model may not be the best model for studying the cholinergic system in AD or that it is informative only for a short period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saritha S L Silva
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Luciane V Tureck
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Leonardo C Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mayza D Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lupe Furtado-Alle
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Maria A B F Vital
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ricardo L R Souza
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xu QQ, Su ZR, Hu Z, Yang W, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Patchouli alcohol ameliorates the learning and memory impairments in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease via modulating SIRT1. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154441. [PMID: 36108371 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. Patchouli alcohol (PA), a major active ingredient isolated from Pogostemonis Herba, exhibits extensive bioactivity in the central nervous system (CNS) and exerts neuroprotective effects. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the anti-AD effects of PA in an animal model of AD and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS The gas chromatography (GC) was used to determine the ability of PA to pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rats after oral administration. The sporadic AD rat model was established by intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injection with streptozotocin (STZ). PA (25 and 50 mg/kg) was given to rat orally once daily for 42 consecutive days. Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to determine the learning and memory functions of the STZ-induced AD rats. EX527, a silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) selective inhibitor, was used to investigate the involvement of SIRT1 in the anti-AD effects of PA in rats. RESULTS PA could penetrate the BBB. MWM test results showed that PA could significantly ameliorate the learning and memory deficits induced by STZ in rats. Meanwhile, PA enhanced the expression of SIRT1, and markedly alleviated the tau pathology by inhibiting the hyperacetylation (at the site of Lys174) and hyperphosphorylation (at the sites of Thr181, Thr205, Ser396 and Ser404) of tau protein. PA also efficiently suppressed the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and the beta-amyloid (Aβ) expression and the deacetylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) at Lys 310 (K310) in the STZ-treated AD rats. EX527, a SIRT1 selective inhibitor, could partially abolish the cognitive deficits improving effect of PA and inhibit the down-regulation of acetylated tau and acetylated NF-κB p65, suggesting that PA exhibited neuroprotective effects against AD via upregulating SIRT1. CONCLUSION This study reported for the first time that PA could penetrate the BBB to exert its protective effects on the brain after a single-dose oral administration. The current experimental findings also amply demonstrated that PA could improve the cognitive and memory impairments in the STZ-induced AD rat model. The underlying mechanisms involve the alleviations of neuroinflammation, tau pathology and Aβ deposition via modulating of SIRT1 and NF-κB pathways. All these findings strongly suggest that PA is a promising naturally occurring compound worthy of further development into an anti-AD pharmaceutical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang Y, Ding N, Hao X, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Li Y, Li Z. Manual acupuncture benignly regulates blood-brain barrier disruption and reduces lipopolysaccharide loading and systemic inflammation, possibly by adjusting the gut microbiota. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1018371. [PMID: 36313024 PMCID: PMC9607933 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1018371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and gut microbiota dysbiosis play crucial roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation triggered by gut microbial dysbiosis is an important factor in BBB disruption and systemic inflammation, but the mechanism of acupuncture regulation of BBB disruption via the gut microbiota in AD is not clear. OBJECTIVE The current study evaluated the effect of manual acupuncture (MA) on BBB dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice and examined the mechanism of gut microbiota by acupuncture in AD. METHODS Acupoints were applied to Baihui (GV20), Yintang (GV29), and Zusanli (ST36) in the MA group. Mice in the manual acupuncture plus antibiotics (MAa) group received antibiotics and acupuncture, while mice in the probiotics (P) group received probiotics. Alterations in spatial learning and memory, the gut microbiota, tightly connected structure and permeability of BBB, and the expression of LPS and inflammatory factors in each group were assessed. RESULTS Compared to the normal (N) group, cognitive ability was significantly impaired, the gut microbiota composition was markedly altered, the BBB was significantly disrupted, and the expression of LPS in serum and brain, serum TNF-α, and IL-1β were significantly increased in the AD group (p < 0.01). These changes were inhibited in the MA and P groups (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05), and antibiotics reversed the benign regulatory effects of MA (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Manual acupuncture benignly modulated the gut microbiota and BBB dysfunction, reduced LPS, TNF-α, and IL-1β. These effects were comparable to probiotics. The decrease in LPS load and systemic inflammation may play important roles in the regulation of BBB dysfunction by acupuncture, and the gut microbiota may be a potential target for the benign regulation of BBB disruption by acupuncture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Acupuncture, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hao
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Li
- School of International, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Povarnina PY, Volkova AA, Vorontsova ON, Kamensky AA, Gudasheva TA, Seredenin SB. A Low-Molecular-Weight BDNF Mimetic, Dipeptide GSB-214, Prevents Memory Impairment in Rat Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Acta Naturae 2022; 14:94-100. [PMID: 36694902 PMCID: PMC9844091 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the pharmacological use of full-length neurotrophin is limited, because of its macromolecular protein nature. A dimeric dipeptide mimetic of the BDNF loop 1, bis-(N-monosuccinyl-L-methionyl-L-serine) heptamethylene diamide (GSB-214), was designed at the Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology. GSB-214 activates TrkB, PI3K/AKT, and PLC-γ1 in vitro. GSB-214 exhibited a neuroprotective activity during middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats when administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg and improved memory in the novel object recognition test (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.). In the present study, we investigated the effects of GSB-214 on memory in the scopolamine- and steptozotocin-induced AD models, with reference to activation of TrkB receptors. AD was modeled in rats using a chronic i.p. scopolamine injection or a single streptozotocin injection into the cerebral ventricles. GSB-214 was administered within 10 days after the exposure to scopolamine at doses of 0.05, 0.1, and 1 mg/kg (i.p.) or within 14 days after the exposure to streptozotocin at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg (i.p.). The effect of the dipeptide was evaluated in the novel object recognition test; K252A, a selective inhibitor of tyrosine kinase receptors, was used to reveal a dependence between the mnemotropic action and Trk receptors. GSB-214 at doses of 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg statistically significantly prevented scopolamine-induced long-term memory impairment, while not affecting short-term memory. In the streptozotocin-induced model, GSB-214 completely eliminated the impairment of short-term memory. No mnemotropic effect of GSB-214 was registered when Trk receptors were inhibited by K252A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. Yu. Povarnina
- Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, 125315 Russia
| | - A. A. Volkova
- Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, 125315 Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - O. N. Vorontsova
- Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, 125315 Russia
| | - A. A. Kamensky
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - T. A. Gudasheva
- Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, 125315 Russia
| | - S. B. Seredenin
- Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, 125315 Russia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Souza LC, Andrade MK, Azevedo EM, Ramos DC, Bail EL, Vital MABF. Andrographolide Attenuates Short-Term Spatial and Recognition Memory Impairment and Neuroinflammation Induced by a Streptozotocin Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1440-1454. [PMID: 36029454 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder clinically manifested by a gradual cognitive decline. Intracerebroventricular injection (ICV) of streptozotocin (STZ), a model of sporadic AD (sAD), shows many aspects of sAD abnormalities (i.e., neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, protein aggregation), resulting in memory impairment. Andrographolide (ANDRO), a natural diterpene lactone, has numerous bioactivities including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Studies in rodents revealed that ANDRO has neuroprotective properties and restores cognitive impairment. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ANDRO in the ICV-STZ model relative to short-term spatial memory (object location test (OLT) and Y maze test), short-term recognition memory (object recognition test (ORT)), locomotor activity (open field test (OFT)), expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and activation of astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression) and microglia (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba-1) immunohistochemistry) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP). Wistar rats were injected ICV with STZ (3 mg/kg) or vehicle and treated with ANDRO (2 mg/kg, i.p.; three times per week). After four weeks, ANDRO attenuated the impairments of the Y maze and ORT performances, and the increase of astrocyte activation in the PFC induced by the ICV-STZ model. In addition, ANDRO decreased the number of activated microglia cells in the HIP of STZ-injected rats. The APP expression was not altered, neither by the STZ nor ANDRO. ANDRO showed a beneficial effect on memory impairment and neuroinflammation in the STZ model of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo C Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Marcos K Andrade
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Evellyn M Azevedo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniele C Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ellen L Bail
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria A B F Vital
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hypoxic and Hypercapnic Responses in Transgenic Murine Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Overexpressing Human AβPP: The Effects of Pretreatment with Memantine and Rivastigmine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116004. [PMID: 35682682 PMCID: PMC9180806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the severe respiratory problems reducing the quality of life for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, their causes are poorly understood. We aimed to investigate hypoxic and hypercapnic respiratory responses in a transgenic mouse model of AD (AβPP V717I) overexpressing AβPP and mimicking early-onset AD. The cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine and the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine were used to investigate the effects of drugs, used to treat AD cognitive dysfunction, on breathing in hypoxia and hypercapnia. We found a significant increase in the respiratory response to hypercapnia and no difference in the hypoxic response in APP+ mice, compared with the control group (APP−). Memantine had no effect on respiration in either group, including responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia. Rivastigmine depressed resting ventilation and response to hypercapnia irrespective of the mice genotype. Reduction in hypoxia-augmented ventilation by rivastigmine was observed only in APP+ mice, which exhibited lower acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus. Treatment with rivastigmine reduced the enzyme activity in both groups equally in the hippocampus and brainstem. The increased ventilatory response to hypercapnia in transgenic mice may indicate alterations in chemoreceptive respiratory nuclei, resulting in increased CO2 sensitivity. Rivastigmine is a potent reductant of normoxic and hypercapnic respiration in APP+ and APP− mice.
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhao W, Liu Y, Xu L, He Y, Cai Z, Yu J, Zhang W, Xing C, Zhuang C, Qu Z. Targeting Necroptosis as a Promising Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1697-1713. [PMID: 35607807 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disorder featured by memory loss and cognitive default. However, there has been no effective therapeutic approach to prevent the development of AD and the available therapies are only to alleviate some symptoms with limited efficacy and severe side effects. Necroptosis is a new kind of cell death, being regarded as a genetically programmed and regulated pattern of necrosis. Increasing evidence reveals that necroptosis is tightly related to the occurrence and development of AD. This review aims to summarize the potential role of necroptosis in AD progression and the therapeutic capacity of targeting necroptosis for AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lijuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuan He
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Zhenyu Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhuo Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Intranasal metformin treatment ameliorates cognitive functions via insulin signaling pathway in ICV-STZ-induced mice model of Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2022; 299:120538. [PMID: 35395244 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The relationship between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (AD) provides evidence that insulin and insulin sensitizers may be beneficial for the treatment of AD. The present study investigated the effect and mechanism of action of intranasal metformin treatment on impaired cognitive functions in an experimental mice model of AD. MAIN METHODS Intracerebroventricularly (ICV) streptozotocin (STZ)-injected mice were treated with intranasal or oral metformin for 4 weeks. Learning and memory functions were evaluated using Morris water maze. Metformin and Aβ42 concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and ELISA respectively. The expressions of insulin receptor, Akt and their phosphorylated forms were determined in the hippocampi and cerebral cortices of mice. KEY FINDINGS ICV-STZ-induced AD mice displayed impaired learning and memory functions which were improved by metformin treatment. ICV-STZ injection or intranasal/oral metformin treatments had no effect on blood glucose concentrations. Intranasal treatment yielded higher concentration of metformin in the hippocampus and lower in the plasma compared to oral treatment. ICV-STZ injection and metformin treatments did not change amyloid β-42 concentration in the hippocampus of mice. In hippocampal and cortical tissues of ICV-STZ-induced AD mice, insulin receptor (IR) and Akt expressions were unchanged, while phosphorylated insulin receptor (pIR) and pAkt expressions decreased compared to control. Metformin treatments did not change IR and Akt expressions but increased pIR and pAkt expressions. SIGNIFICANCE The present study showed for the first time that intranasal metformin treatment improved the impaired cognitive functions through increasing insulin sensitivity in ICV-STZ-induced mice model of AD.
Collapse
|
33
|
Alavi MS, Fanoudi S, Hosseini M, Sadeghnia HR. Beneficial effects of levetiracetam in streptozotocin-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:689-700. [PMID: 35098412 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder among the elderly. In the light of increasing AD prevalence and lack of effective treatment, new strategies to prevent or reverse this condition are needed. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a newer antiepileptic drug that is commonly used to treat certain types of seizures. Researches indicated that LEV has several other pharmacological activities, including improvement of cognitive function. In this study, the recovery effects of chronic (28 days) administration of LEV (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg, ip) on cognitive deficits caused by the intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (STZ), as a model for sporadic AD, were evaluated in rats. We also considered the protective effects of LEV against hippocampal cell loss, oxidative damage, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, neuroinflammation, and tauopathy caused by STZ. LEV (100 and 150 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the STZ-induced learning and memory impairments in the passive avoidance and Morris water maze (MWM) tasks. In addition, LEV suppressed STZ-induced hippocampal neuronal loss, while restored alterations in the redox status (lipid peroxides and glutathione), AChE activity, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), and hyperphosphorylation of tau linked to STZ administration. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that LEV alleviated hippocampal cell death and memory deficits in STZ-AD rats, through mitigating oxidative damage, suppression of proinflammatory cytokines expression, and inhibition of abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahar Fanoudi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid R Sadeghnia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu S, Fan M, Xu JX, Yang LJ, Qi CC, Xia QR, Ge JF. Exosomes derived from bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells alleviate cognitive decline in AD-like mice by improving BDNF-related neuropathology. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:35. [PMID: 35130907 PMCID: PMC8822863 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive ability. Exosomes derived from bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-exos) are extracellular vesicles that can execute the function of bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Given the versatile therapeutic potential of BMSC and BMSC-exos, especially their neuroprotective effect, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential effect of BMSC-exos on AD-like behavioral dysfunction in mice and explore the possible molecular mechanism. Methods BMSC-exos were extracted from the supernatant of cultured mouse BMSCs, which were isolated from the femur and tibia of adult C57BL/6 mice, purified and sorted via flow cytometry, and cultured in vitro. BMSC-exos were identified via transmission electron microscopy, and typical marker proteins of exosomes were also detected via Western blot. A sporadic AD mouse model was established by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Six weeks later, BMSC-exos were administered via lateral ventricle injection or caudal vein injection lasting five consecutive days, and the control mice were intracerebroventricularly administered an equal volume of solvent. Behavioral performance was observed via the open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze test (EPM), novel object recognition test (NOR), Y maze test (Y-maze), and tail suspension test (TST). The mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the hippocampus were measured via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot, respectively. Moreover, the protein expression of Aβ1-42, BACE, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, GFAP, p-Tau (Ser396), Tau5, synaptotagmin-1 (Syt-1), synapsin-1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus was detected using Western blot, and the expression of GFAP, IBA1, Aβ1−42 and DCX in the hippocampus was measured via immunofluorescence staining. Results Lateral ventricle administration, but not caudal vein injection of BMSC-exos improved AD-like behaviors in the STZ-injected mouse model, as indicated by the increased number of rearing, increased frequency to the central area, and increased duration and distance traveled in the central area in the OFT, and improved preference index of the novel object in the NOR. Moreover, the hyperactivation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus of the model mice was inhibited after treatment with BMSC-exos via lateral ventricle administration, accompanied by the reduced expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, Aβ1-42, and p-Tau and upregulated protein expression of synapse-related proteins and BDNF. Furthermore, the results of the Pearson test showed that the preference index of the novel object in the NOR was positively correlated with the hippocampal expression of BDNF, but negatively correlated with the expression of GFAP, IBA1, and IL-1β. Apart from a positive correlation between the hippocampal expression of BDNF and Syt-1, BDNF abundance was found to be negatively correlated with markers of glial activation and the expression of the inflammatory cytokines, Aβ1-42, and p-Tau, which are characteristic neuropathological features of AD. Conclusions Lateral ventricle administration, but not caudal vein injection of BMSC-exos, can improve AD-like behavioral performance in STZ-injected mice, the mechanism of which might be involved in the regulation of glial activation and its associated neuroinflammation and BDNF-related neuropathological changes in the hippocampus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02393-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Anhui, 230032, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China
| | - Min Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Anhui, 230032, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China
| | - Jing-Xian Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Anhui, 230032, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China
| | - Long-Jun Yang
- Chaohu Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cong-Cong Qi
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Rong Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Anhui Mental Health Center, 316 Huangshan Road, Hefei, 230032, China. .,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China. .,Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Jin-Fang Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Anhui, 230032, Hefei, People's Republic of China. .,The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. .,Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Erdogan MA, Kirazlar M, Yigitturk G, Erbas O. Digoxin Exhibits Neuroprotective Properties in a Rat Model of Dementia. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1290-1298. [PMID: 35064518 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03528-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is by far the most common cause of cognitive impairment in older adults. Current treatments are entirely focused on the symptoms of AD. A complex etiology for AD has been proposed recently, in which AD leads in elevated levels of inflammation. We previously studied digoxin's involvement in the sporadic-AD intracerebroventricular (ICV)-streptozotocin (STZ) animal model due to its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective characteristics. 18 adult sprague-dawley rats were split into three groups: control (n = 6), STZ + Saline (n = 6), and STZ + Digoxin (n = 6). Twelve AD-induced rats were split into two groups using stereotaxy five days after STZ injection (3 mg/kg) into both lateral ventricles: one group got digoxin (0.1 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for three weeks, while the other group received saline. Following treatment, each subject was subjected to a passive avoidance learning (PAL) test, followed by brain tissue harvesting. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) were measured in the brain, and neurons were counted using Cresyl violet staining in cornu ammonis-1 (CA1) and cornu ammonis-3 (CA3) cornu ammonis (CA3). ICV-STZ significantly shortened PAL latency, increased brain TNF-α levels, decreased brain ChAT activity, and decreased hippocampus neuron number. On the other hand, digoxin significantly reduced all of these STZ-induced deleterious effects. Digoxin significantly rescued rats from memory loss caused by ICV-STZ by decreasing hippocampal cell death, neuroinflammation, and cholinergic deficiency. These findings suggest that digoxin may be beneficial in treating cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mumin Alper Erdogan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Kirazlar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gurkan Yigitturk
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Oytun Erbas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
de Paula Faria D, Estessi de Souza L, Duran FLDS, Buchpiguel CA, Britto LR, Crippa JADS, Filho GB, Real CC. Cannabidiol Treatment Improves Glucose Metabolism and Memory in Streptozotocin-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Rat Model: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031076. [PMID: 35163003 PMCID: PMC8835532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An early and persistent sign of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is glucose hypometabolism, which can be evaluated by positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG). Cannabidiol has demonstrated neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties but has not been evaluated by PET imaging in an AD model. Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) is a validated model for hypometabolism observed in AD. This proof-of-concept study evaluated the effect of cannabidiol treatment in the brain glucose metabolism of an icv-STZ AD model by PET imaging. Wistar male rats received 3 mg/kg of STZ and [18F]FDG PET images were acquired before and 7 days after STZ injection. Animals were treated with intraperitoneal cannabidiol (20 mg/kg—STZ–cannabidiol) or saline (STZ–saline) for one week. Novel object recognition was performed to evaluate short-term and long-term memory. [18F]FDG uptake in the whole brain was significantly lower in the STZ–saline group. Voxel-based analysis revealed a hypometabolism cluster close to the lateral ventricle, which was smaller in STZ–cannabidiol animals. The brain regions with more evident hypometabolism were the striatum, motor cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus, which was not observed in STZ–cannabidiol animals. In addition, STZ–cannabidiol animals revealed no changes in memory index. Thus, this study suggests that cannabidiol could be an early treatment for the neurodegenerative process observed in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele de Paula Faria
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (L.E.d.S.); (C.A.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.d.P.F.); (C.C.R.)
| | - Larissa Estessi de Souza
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (L.E.d.S.); (C.A.B.)
| | - Fabio Luis de Souza Duran
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM 21), Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (F.L.d.S.D.); (G.B.F.)
| | - Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (L.E.d.S.); (C.A.B.)
| | - Luiz Roberto Britto
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - José Alexandre de Souza Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14051-160, SP, Brazil;
| | - Geraldo Busatto Filho
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM 21), Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (F.L.d.S.D.); (G.B.F.)
| | - Caroline Cristiano Real
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (L.E.d.S.); (C.A.B.)
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM 21), Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (F.L.d.S.D.); (G.B.F.)
- Correspondence: (D.d.P.F.); (C.C.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Azam S, Park JY, Kim IS, Choi DK. Piperine and Its Metabolite’s Pharmacology in Neurodegenerative and Neurological Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010154. [PMID: 35052833 PMCID: PMC8773267 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Piperine (PIP) is an active alkaloid of black and long peppers. An increasing amount of evidence is suggesting that PIP and its metabolite’s could be a potential therapeutic to intervene different disease conditions including chronic inflammation, cardiac and hepatic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. In addition, the omnipresence of PIP in food and beverages made this compound an important investigational material. It has now become essential to understand PIP pharmacology and toxicology to determine its merits and demerits, especially its effect on the central nervous system (CNS). Although several earlier reports documented that PIP has poor pharmacokinetic properties, such as absorption, bioavailability, and blood–brain barrier permeability. However, its interaction with metabolic enzyme cytochrome P450 superfamily and competitive hydrophobic interaction at Monoamine oxide B (MAO-B) active site have made PIP both a xenobiotics bioenhancer and a potential MAO-B inhibitor. Moreover, recent advancements in pharmaceutical technology have overcome several of PIP’s limitations, including bioavailability and blood–brain barrier permeability, even at low doses. Contrarily, the structure activity relationship (SAR) study of PIP suggesting that its several metabolites are reactive and plausibly responsible for acute toxicity or have pharmacological potentiality. Considering the importance of PIP and its metabolites as an emerging drug target, this study aims to combine the current knowledge of PIP pharmacology and biochemistry with neurodegenerative and neurological disease therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shofiul Azam
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea;
| | - Ju-Young Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - In-Su Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.-S.K.); (D.-K.C.); Tel.: +82-43-840-3610 (D.-K.C.); Fax: +82-43-840-3872 (D.-K.C.)
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea;
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.-S.K.); (D.-K.C.); Tel.: +82-43-840-3610 (D.-K.C.); Fax: +82-43-840-3872 (D.-K.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Singh NK, Garabadu D. Quercetin Exhibits α7nAChR/Nrf2/HO-1-Mediated Neuroprotection Against STZ-Induced Mitochondrial Toxicity and Cognitive Impairments in Experimental Rodents. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1859-1879. [PMID: 34554409 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the α7nAChR-mediated Nrf2-dependant protective activity against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced brain mitochondrial toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like rats. STZ (3 mg/kg) was injected through an intracerebroventricular route to induce AD-like dementia. Repeated Quercetin (50 mg/kg, i.p.) administration attenuated cognitive impairments in the STZ-challenged animals during Morris water-maze and Y-maze tests. Quercetin significantly mitigated the STZ-induced increase in cholinergic dysfunction, such as the increase in acetylcholinesterase activity, decrease in acetylcholine level, and activity of choline acetyltransferase, and increase in amyloid-beta aggregation and mitochondrial toxicity in respect of mitochondrial bioenergetics, integrity, and oxidative stress in memory-challenged rat hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and, amygdala. Further, Quercetin significantly attenuated STZ-induced reduction in the α7nAChRs and HO-1 expression levels in the selected rat brain regions. On the contrary, trigonelline (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and methyllycaconitine (2 mg/kg; i.p.) abolished the neuroprotective effects of Quercetin against STZ-induced behavioral, molecular, and biochemical alterations in the AD-like animals. Hence, Quercetin exhibits α7nAChR/Nrf2/HO-1-mediated neuroprotection against STZ-challenged AD-like animals. Thus, Quercetin could be considered as a potential therapeutic option in the management of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Singh
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Debapriya Garabadu
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Soleimani Asl S, Amiri I, Samzadeh-Kermani A, Abbasalipourkabir R, Gholamigeravand B, Shahidi S. Chitosan-coated Selenium nanoparticles enhance the efficiency of stem cells in the neuroprotection of streptozotocin-induced neurotoxicity in male rats. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 141:106089. [PMID: 34601090 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the common neurodegenerative diseases characterized by memory impairment. The protective effects of stem cell-based therapy have been reported in AD. In this study, it was assumed that Chitosan-coated Selenium nanoparticles (ChSeNPs) increase the efficiency of stem cells in the attenuation of neurotoxicity in the rat AD model. The AD model was induced using Streptozotocin (STZ) and treated by the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) and SeNPs/ChSeNPs (0.4 mg/kg). Passive avoidance learning and recognition memory were assessed using shuttle box and novel object recognition tasks. The amyloid-beta deposition, the injected cells' homing and survival, antioxidant capacity, and BDNF concentration were evaluated using the histological, biochemical, and ELISA methods. The results showed that the combined administration of ChSeNPs and AMSCs is more effective in increasing the step-through latency and discrimination index than administering SeNPs and stem cells. Combined therapy caused a significant increase in antioxidant capacity that ChSeNPs was more effective than SeNPs, while AMSCs beside SeNPs had a greater effect on BDNF levels compared to conventional treatment of nanoparticles or AMSCs alone. Ultimately, the homing and survival of the transplanted AMSCs were greater in the group that received both stem cells and ChSeNPs. Taken together, it seems that the administration of ChSeNPs enhances the efficiency of transplanted stem cells in decreasing the neurotoxicity induced by STZ through an increase in the antioxidant capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Soleimani Asl
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Centre, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Amiri
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Centre, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Roghayeh Abbasalipourkabir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Bahareh Gholamigeravand
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Latina V, Giacovazzo G, Calissano P, Atlante A, La Regina F, Malerba F, Dell’Aquila M, Stigliano E, Balzamino BO, Micera A, Coccurello R, Amadoro G. Tau Cleavage Contributes to Cognitive Dysfunction in Strepto-Zotocin-Induced Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (sAD) Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212158. [PMID: 34830036 PMCID: PMC8618605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau cleavage plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), a widespread neurodegenerative disease whose incidence is expected to increase in the next years. While genetic and familial forms of AD (fAD) occurring early in life represent less than 1%, the sporadic and late-onset ones (sAD) are the most common, with ageing being an important risk factor. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of streptozotocin (STZ)—a compound used in the systemic induction of diabetes due to its ability to damage the pancreatic β cells and to induce insulin resistance—mimics in rodents several behavioral, molecular and histopathological hallmarks of sAD, including memory/learning disturbance, amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress and brain glucose hypometabolism. We have demonstrated that pathological truncation of tau at its N-terminal domain occurs into hippocampi from two well-established transgenic lines of fAD animal models, such as Tg2576 and 3xTg mice, and that it’s in vivo neutralization via intravenous (i.v.) administration of the cleavage-specific anti-tau 12A12 monoclonal antibody (mAb) is strongly neuroprotective. Here, we report the therapeutic efficacy of 12A12mAb in STZ-infused mice after 14 days (short-term immunization, STIR) and 21 days (long-term immunization regimen, LTIR) of i.v. delivery. A virtually complete recovery was detected after three weeks of 12A12mAb immunization in both novel object recognition test (NORT) and object place recognition task (OPRT). Consistently, three weeks of this immunization regimen relieved in hippocampi from ICV-STZ mice the AD-like up-regulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation, likely due to modulation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3-β axis and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activities. Cerebral oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, synaptic and histological alterations occurring in STZ-infused mice were also strongly attenuated by 12A12mAb delivery. These results further strengthen the causal role of N-terminal tau cleavage in AD pathogenesis and indicate that its specific neutralization by non-invasive administration of 12A12mAb can be a therapeutic option for both fAD and sAD patients, as well as for those showing type 2 diabetes as a comorbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Latina
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (P.C.); (F.L.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Giacomo Giacovazzo
- IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Fosso del Fiorano 64-65, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Pietro Calissano
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (P.C.); (F.L.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Anna Atlante
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM)-CNR, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Federico La Regina
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (P.C.); (F.L.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesca Malerba
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (P.C.); (F.L.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Marco Dell’Aquila
- Area of Pathology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Egidio Stigliano
- Area of Pathology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Bijorn Omar Balzamino
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 6I, 00184 Rome, Italy; (B.O.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandra Micera
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 6I, 00184 Rome, Italy; (B.O.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Roberto Coccurello
- IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Fosso del Fiorano 64-65, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Institute for Complex System (ISC)-CNR, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Giuseppina Amadoro
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (P.C.); (F.L.R.); (F.M.)
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)-CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (G.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Voronkov DN, Stavrovskaya AV, Gushchina AS, Olshansky AS. Alterations in tanycytes and related cell populations of arcuate nucleus in streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer disease model. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2021.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is assumed that dysfunction of tanycytes could be one of the components of pathogenesis of both Alzheimer disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study was aimed to assess alterations in the tanycyte morphology in the Alzheimer disease model. The 3 mg/kg streptozotocin dose was injected in the lateral ventricles of Wistar rats in order to model the Alzheimer disease. Alterations in hypothalamic tanycytes were assessed 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after administration of the toxin. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify the protein markers of tanycytes (vimentin, nestin), astrocytes (GFAP, glutamine synthetase) and neurons (HuC/D), as well as to assess cell proliferation (with the use of Ki67 protein) and mitochondrial alterations (mitochondrial complex IV, PGC1a). Administration of streptozotocin lead to β-amyloid accumulation in hypothalamus and ventricular enlargement (p < 0.001). Streptozotocin damaged both α1/α2 tanycytes and β1 tanycytes. The intensity of vimentin staining in α1/α2 tanycytes decreased by week 4 (p = 0.003), and in β1 tanycytes it decreased in three months (p < 0.001). The same trend was observed for nestin. The number of Ki67+ nuclei decreased (p < 0.05), and the expression of proteins associated with mitochondria changed. The density of hypothalamic tanycytes decreased by week 4 after administration of the toxin. Moreover, astrocyte activation was revealed. However, no prominent damage to both astrocytes and neurons was observed within four weeks after administration of streptozotocin. The revealed high tanycyte vulnerability to streptozotocin is in line with the hypothesis of the role of damage to hypothalamic structures in both local and systemic metabolic disorders occurring in the Alzheimer disease models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- DN Voronkov
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xu QQ, Shaw PC, Hu Z, Yang W, Ip SP, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Comparison of the chemical constituents and anti-Alzheimer's disease effects of Uncaria rhynchophylla and Uncaria tomentosa. Chin Med 2021; 16:110. [PMID: 34706756 PMCID: PMC8555092 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncaria tomentosa, which has similar chemical constituents with Uncaria rhynchophylla, has been reported to alleviate cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal models. This study aimed to compare the chemical constituents and anti-AD effect of the ethanol extracts of U. tomentosa (UTE) and U. rhynchophylla (URE). METHODS The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to compare the chemical constituents of UTE and URE. Streptozotocin (STZ) was intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injected into adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to establish AD model. UTE (400 mg/kg) or URE (400 mg/kg) was administrated intragastrically once daily to the rats for 6 consecutive weeks. Morris water maze (MWM) test was conducted to assess the neurological functions in the STZ-induced AD rats. The brain tissues of the rats were harvested for further biochemical assay. RESULTS The MWM test results showed both UTE and URE could significantly improve the learning and memory impairments induced by STZ in rats. Both UTE and URE could significantly inhibit the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, reduce the elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), enhance activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx) and increase the protein expression of HO-1. In addition, UTE could decrease the malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Furthermore, both UTE and URE significantly enhanced Akt activation, down regulated the activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), and induced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the STZ-induced AD rats. CONCLUSIONS UTE and URE contained similar chemical constituents. We found for the first time that both of them could ameliorate cognitive deficits in the STZ-induced AD rats. The underlying molecular mechanism involve suppression of tau hyperphosphorylation, anti-oxidant and anti-neuroinflammation via modulating Akt (Ser473)/GSK3β (Ser9)-mediated Nrf2 activation. These findings amply implicate that both of UTE and URE are worthy of being developed clinically into pharmaceutical treatment for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pang Chui Shaw
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Hu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siu-Po Ip
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Soleimani Asl S, Gharebaghi A, Shahidi S, Afshar S, Kalhori F, Amiri K, Mirzaei F. Deferoxamine preconditioning enhances the protective effects of stem cells in streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2021; 287:120093. [PMID: 34715140 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Stem cell-based therapy is one of the promising strategies in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the short lifespan and low homing of transplanted cells continue to be a major obstacle in this method. Preconditioning of stem cells before transplantation could increase cell therapy efficiency. Herein, we examined whether the treatment of stem cells with deferoxamine (DEF) prior to graft could enhance the neuroprotective effects of stem cells in the streptozotocin (STZ)-treated male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS After induction of the AD model, the rats were transplanted with DEF-preconditioned Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) or untreated cells. Memory function, antioxidant capacity, cell density, and homing of transplanted cells were assessed using Morris water maze and shuttle box tasks as well as biochemical and histochemical methods. KEY FINDINGS Transplantation of AMSCs caused a memory improvement when compared to the AD model. The injection of DEF-preconditioned AMSCs was more effective in improving learning and memory than the untreated cells through an increase in the antioxidant capacity. Moreover, the homing of transplanted cells was higher in the rats that received the preconditioned cells than that of the naïve cell-injected group. SIGNIFICANCE It seems that the transplantation of DEF-treated cells may increase the efficiency of stem cells via an increase in the antioxidant capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Soleimani Asl
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Centre, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Alireza Gharebaghi
- School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Centre, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Simin Afshar
- Neurophysiology Research Centre, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fereshte Kalhori
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Kimia Amiri
- School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mirzaei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Energy homeostasis deregulation is attenuated by TUDCA treatment in streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease mice model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18114. [PMID: 34518585 PMCID: PMC8437965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97624-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia. While cognitive deficits remain the major manifestation of AD, metabolic and non-cognitive abnormalities, such as alterations in food intake, body weight and energy balance are also present, both in AD patients and animal models. In this sense, the tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) has shown beneficial effects both in reducing the central and cognitive markers of AD, as well as in attenuating the metabolic disorders associated with it. We previously demonstrated that TUDCA improves glucose homeostasis and decreases the main AD neuromarkers in the streptozotocin-induced AD mouse model (Stz). Besides that, TUDCA-treated Stz mice showed lower body weight and adiposity. Here, we investigated the actions of TUDCA involved in the regulation of body weight and adiposity in Stz mice, since the effects of TUDCA in hypothalamic appetite control and energy homeostasis have not yet been explored in an AD mice model. The TUDCA-treated mice (Stz + TUDCA) displayed lower food intake, higher energy expenditure (EE) and respiratory quotient. In addition, we observed in the hypothalamus of the Stz + TUDCA mice reduced fluorescence and gene expression of inflammatory markers, as well as normalization of the orexigenic neuropeptides AgRP and NPY expression. Moreover, leptin-induced p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 signaling in the hypothalamus of Stz + TUDCA mice was improved, accompanied by reduced acute food intake after leptin stimulation. Taken together, we demonstrate that TUDCA treatment restores energy metabolism in Stz mice, a phenomenon that is associated with reduced food intake, increased EE and improved hypothalamic leptin signaling. These findings suggest treatment with TUDCA as a promising therapeutic intervention for the control of energy homeostasis in AD individuals.
Collapse
|
45
|
Patel R, Kaur K, Singh S. Protective effect of andrographolide against STZ induced Alzheimer's disease in experimental rats: possible neuromodulation and Aβ (1-42) analysis. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1157-1168. [PMID: 34235591 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
STZ is a glucosamine-nitrosourea compound, causes dysfunctioning of insulin receptors in the brain and disrupts glucose metabolism, produces cognitive decline and AD-like symptoms. ICV injection of STZ causes accumulation of Aβ and cognitive dysfunctions. Andrographolide (ANDRO) is a major bioactive constituent of Andrographis paniculata, has various biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinesterase, and neuroprotective properties. The study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of ANDRO against ICV-STZ induced AD-like symptoms in rats. To conduct the study, the Wistar rat received two injections of STZ (3 mg/kg) through the ICV route. Rats were treated with three different doses of ANDRO (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg, p.o.) and donepezil (5 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 days. The behavioral impairments were analyzed on weekly basis. Subsequently, rats were sacrificed for the assessment of biochemical (MDA, Nitrite, GSH, SOD, Catalase and AChE), neuroinflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-16, and TNF-α), neurotransmitters (glutamate and GABA), level of Aβ1-42 and p tau in the hippocampus on day 21st. Our result indicated that ANDRO treatment provided a protective effect against STZ induced behavioral deficits and changes in the biochemical, neuroinflammatory mediators, and neurotransmitters of the hippocampus. Further, ANDRO also reduced the level of Aβ1-42 and p tau in the rat hippocampus. These findings suggested that the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinesterase potential of ANDRO contributed to its neuroprotective effect as well as promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of cognitive impairment and AD-like symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Royal Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to IKG-Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, 144603, Punjab, India), Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Karamjeet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to IKG-Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, 144603, Punjab, India), Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pinz MP, Vogt AG, da Costa Rodrigues K, Dos Reis AS, Duarte LFB, Fronza MG, Domingues WB, Blodorn EB, Alves D, Campos VF, Savegnago L, Wilhelm EA, Luchese C. Effect of a purine derivative containing selenium to improve memory decline and anxiety through modulation of the cholinergic system and Na +/K +-ATPase in an Alzheimer's disease model. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:871-888. [PMID: 33651275 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00703-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a worldwide problem, and there are currently no treatments that can stop this disease. To investigate the binding affinity of 6-((4-fluorophenyl) selanyl)-9H-purine (FSP) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), to verify the effects of FSP in an AD model in mice and to evaluate the toxicological potential of this compound in mice. The binding affinity of FSP with AChE was investigated by molecular docking analyses. The AD model was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in Swiss mice after FSP treatment (1 mg/kg, intragastrically (i.g.)), 1st-10th day of the experimental protocol. Anxiety was evaluated in an elevated plus maze test, and memory impairment was evaluated in the Y-maze, object recognition and step-down inhibitory avoidance tasks. The cholinergic system was investigated based on by looking at expression and activity of AChE and expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). We evaluated expression and activity of Na+/K+-ATPase. For toxicological analysis, animals received FSP (300 mg/kg, i.g.) and aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase activities were determined in plasma and δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase activity in brain and liver. FSP interacts with residues of the AChE active site. FSP mitigated the induction of anxiety and memory impairment caused by STZ. FSP protected cholinergic system dysfunction and reduction of activity and expression of Na+/K+-ATPase. FSP did not modify toxicological parameters evaluated and did not cause the death of mice. FSP protected against anxiety, learning and memory impairment with involvement of the cholinergic system and Na+/K+-ATPase in these actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Peglow Pinz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP96010-900, Brazil
| | - Ane Gabriela Vogt
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP96010-900, Brazil
| | - Karline da Costa Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP96010-900, Brazil
| | - Angélica Schiavom Dos Reis
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP96010-900, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Barbosa Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa (LASOL), CCQFA, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gallio Fronza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, GPN, CDTec, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - William Borges Domingues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTec), UFPel, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bierhaus Blodorn
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTec), UFPel, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa (LASOL), CCQFA, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Farias Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTec), UFPel, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, GPN, CDTec, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Ethel Antunes Wilhelm
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP96010-900, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Luchese
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP96010-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Saini S, Sharma T, Jain A, Kaur H, Katare OP, Singh B. Systematically designed chitosan-coated solid lipid nanoparticles of ferulic acid for effective management of Alzheimer's disease: A preclinical evidence. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 205:111838. [PMID: 34022704 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) is a ubiquitous natural plant bioactive with distinctive promise in neurodegenerative disorders. However, its therapeutic efficacy gets compromised owing to its poor aqueous solubility, inadequate permeability across lipophilic barriers, and extensive first-pass metabolism. The current studies, therefore, were undertaken to systematically develop chitosan-coated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) using QbD paradigms for improved efficacy of FA in the management of Alzheimer's disease (AD). SLNs of FA were formulated employing Compritol as lipid and polysorbate 80 as surfactant and optimised using a 32 Central Composite Design (CCD). The optimized formulation, surface-coated with chitosan using ionic gelation, exhibited particle size of 185 nm, entrapment efficiency of 51.2 % and zeta potential of 12.4 mV. FTIR and DSC studies verified the compatibility of FA with formulation excipients, PXRD construed significant loss of drug crystallinity, while FESEM depicted existence of uniform spherical nanoparticles with little aggregation. Notable improvement in ex vivo mucoadhesion and permeation studies using goat nasal mucosa, coupled with extension in in vitro drug release, was obtained with SLNs. Substantial improvement with SLNs in cognitive ability through the reduction in escape latency time during behavioural studies, together with significant improvement in various biochemical parameters and body weight gain was observed in AD-induced rats. Histopathological images of different rat organs showed no perceptible change(s) in tissue morphology. Overall, these preclinical findings successfully demonstrate improved anti-AD efficacy, superior nasal mucoadhesion and permeation, extended drug release, improved patient compliance potential, safety and robustness of the developed lipidic nanoconstructs of FA through intranasal route.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumant Saini
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Teenu Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Atul Jain
- UGC-Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites (Biomedical Sciences), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Harmanjot Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - O P Katare
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; UGC-Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites (Biomedical Sciences), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Erdogan MA, Yigitturk G, Erbas O, Taskıran D. Neuroprotective effects of dexpanthenol on streptozotocin-induced neuronal damage in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2160-2168. [PMID: 33874839 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1914464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM Although the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease defined by memory loss is Alzheimer's disease (AD), only symptomatic therapies are present. A complex pathway for the AD pathogenesis that includes an increase in inflammation has recently been suggested. Since in previous animal experiments dexpanthenol has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities, effects and role of dexpanthenol in an intracerebroventricular (ICV)-streptozotocin (STZ) induced sporadic-AD(memory impairment) animal model have been examined. DESIGN AND METHODS In total, 18 adult sprague-dawley rats were classified into 3 groups; control (n = 6), STZ + Saline (n = 6) and STZ + Dexpanthenol (n = 6). Twelve AD-induced rats through STZ-injection (3 mg/kg) into both lateral ventricles via stereotaxy were separated into two groups five days after STZ administration: one of these groups was treated with dexpanthenol (1000 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 3 weeks and the other with saline. A passive avoidance learning (PAL) test was used after treatment, followed by brain tissue extraction in all subjects. Brain levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) were measured and Cresyl violet staining was used to count neurons in cornu ammonis-1 (CA1) and cornu ammonis-3 (CA3). RESULTS It was observed that ICV-STZ significantly shortened PAL latency, increased levels of TNF-α in brain, decreased activity of ChAT in brain, and number of hippocampal neurons. However, dexpanthenol significantly reduced all of those STZ-induced harmful effects. CONCLUSION Dexpanthenol significantly prevented the memory deficit induced by ICV-STZ through mitigating neuronal loss in hippocampus, cholinergic deficiency and neuroinflammation in rats. These findings suggest that dexpanthenol may be beneficial for treating memory impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mumin Alper Erdogan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Kâtip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gurkan Yigitturk
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Oytun Erbas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Taskıran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Nazir S, Anwar F, Saleem U, Ahmad B, Raza Z, Sanawar M, Rehman AU, Ismail T. Drotaverine Inhibitor of PDE4: Reverses the Streptozotocin Induced Alzheimer's Disease in Mice. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1814-1829. [PMID: 33877499 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with decline in memory and cognitive impairments. Phosphodiesterase IV (PDE4) protein, an intracellular cAMP levels regulator, when inhibited act as potent neuroprotective agents by virtue of ceasing the activity of Pro-inflammatory mediators. The complexity of AD etiology has ever since compelled the researchers to discover multifunctional compounds to combat the AD and neurodegeneration. The aim of this study was to probe into role of drotaverine a PDE4 inhibitor in the management of AD. Albino mice were divided into seven groups (n = 10). Group 1 control group received carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC 1 mL/kg), group II diseased group treated with streptozotocin (STZ 3 mg/kg) by intracerebroventricular (ICV) route, group III administered standard drug Piracetam 200 mg/kg and groups IV-VII were given drotaverine (10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg i/p respectively). Groups II-VII were given STZ (3 mg/kg, ICV) on 1st and 3rd day of treatment to induce AD. All the groups were given their respective treatments for 23 days. Improvement in learning and memory was evaluated by using behavioral tests like open field test, elevated plus maze test, Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. Furthermore, brain levels of biochemical markers of oxidative stress, neurotransmitters, β-amyloid and tau protein were also measured. Drotaverine showed statistically significant dose dependent improvement in behavioral and biochemical markers of AD: the maximum response was achieved at a dose level of 80 mg/kg. The Study concluded that drotaverine ameliorates cognitive impairment and as well as exhibited modulated the brain levels of neurotransmitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samra Nazir
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fareeha Anwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Raza
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Maham Sanawar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Artta Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSAT University, Abottabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cordyceps cicadae NTTU 868 Mycelium with The Addition of Bioavailable Forms of Magnesium from Deep Ocean Water Prevents the Aβ40 and Streptozotocin-Induced Memory Deficit via Suppressing Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Factors and Increasing Magnesium Uptake of Brain. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by continuous accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain. Deep ocean water (DOW) with rich inorganic salts and minerals was proven to promote fungi growth and metabolism. Cordyceps cicada, a functional food fungus, can produce higher anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds including adenosine, polysaccharide, and N(6)-(2-Hydroxyethyl) adenosine (HEA). This study used DOW as the culture water of C. cicadae NTTU 868 for producing DOW-cultured C. cicadae (DCC), and further investigated the effects and mechanisms on improving the memory deficit and repressing risk factors expressions in Aβ40 and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Alzheimer’s disease rats model. In the results, DCC including mycelium and filtrate had adenosine, HEA, polysaccharide, and intracellular Mg2+ after fermentation with DOW. DCC had more effect on the improvement of memory deficit because it suppressed Aβ40 and streptozotocin (STZ) infusion caused BACE, pro-inflammatory factors expressions, and Aβ40 accumulation by increasing sRAGE expression in the brain. Furthermore, DCC enhanced the MAGT1 expression due to high organic magnesium, which can reverse Aβ40-induced cortex magnesium deficiency and further repress Aβ40 accumulation.
Collapse
|