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Saponjic J, Mejías R, Nikolovski N, Dragic M, Canak A, Papoutsopoulou S, Gürsoy-Özdemir Y, Fladmark KE, Ntavaroukas P, Bayar Muluk N, Zeljkovic Jovanovic M, Fontán-Lozano Á, Comi C, Marino F. Experimental Models to Study Immune Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4330. [PMID: 38673915 PMCID: PMC11050170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, age-related, progressive multisystem disease associated with neuroinflammation and immune dysfunction. This review discusses the methodological approaches used to study the changes in central and peripheral immunity in PD, the advantages and limitations of the techniques, and their applicability to humans. Although a single animal model cannot replicate all pathological features of the human disease, neuroinflammation is present in most animal models of PD and plays a critical role in understanding the involvement of the immune system (IS) in the pathogenesis of PD. The IS and its interactions with different cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. Even though culture models do not fully reflect the complexity of disease progression, they are limited in their ability to mimic long-term effects and need validation through in vivo studies. They are an indispensable tool for understanding the interplay between the IS and the pathogenesis of this disease. Understanding the immune-mediated mechanisms may lead to potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of PD. We believe that the development of methodological guidelines for experiments with animal models and PD patients is crucial to ensure the validity and consistency of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Saponjic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rebeca Mejías
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (R.M.); (Á.F.-L.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Neda Nikolovski
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milorad Dragic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.D.); (M.Z.J.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences–National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Asuman Canak
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53100, Turkey;
| | - Stamatia Papoutsopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larisa, Greece; (S.P.); (P.N.)
| | | | - Kari E. Fladmark
- Department of Biological Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Panagiotis Ntavaroukas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larisa, Greece; (S.P.); (P.N.)
| | - Nuray Bayar Muluk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale 71450, Turkey;
| | - Milica Zeljkovic Jovanovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.D.); (M.Z.J.)
| | - Ángela Fontán-Lozano
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (R.M.); (Á.F.-L.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
| | - Franca Marino
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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Novikov NI, Brazhnik ES, Kitchigina VF. Pathological Correlates of Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease: From Molecules to Neural Networks. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1890-1904. [PMID: 38105206 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923110172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and appearance of protein aggregates (Lewy bodies) consisting predominantly of α-synuclein in neurons. PD is currently recognized as a multisystem disorder characterized by severe motor impairments and various non-motor symptoms. Cognitive decline is one of the most common and worrisome non-motor symptoms. Moderate cognitive impairments (CI) are diagnosed already at the early stages of PD, usually transform into dementia. The main types of CI in PD include executive dysfunction, attention and memory decline, visuospatial impairments, and verbal deficits. According to the published data, the following mechanisms play an essential role demonstrates a crucial importance in the decline of the motor and cognitive functions in PD: (1) changes in the conformational structure of transsynaptic proteins and protein aggregation in presynapses; (2) synaptic transmission impairment; (3) neuroinflammation (pathological activation of the neuroglia); (4) mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress; (5) metabolic disorders (hypometabolism of glucose, dysfunction of glycolipid metabolism; and (6) functional rearrangement of neuronal networks. These changes can lead to the death of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra and affect the functioning of other neurotransmitter systems, thus disturbing neuronal networks involved in the transmission of information related to the regulation of motor activity and cognitive functions. Identification of factors causing detrimental changes in PD and methods for their elimination will help in the development of new approaches to the therapy of PD. The goal of this review was to analyze pathological processes that take place in the brain and underlie the onset of cognitive disorders in PD, as well as to describe the impairments of cognitive functions in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai I Novikov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Elena S Brazhnik
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Valentina F Kitchigina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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Omar NA, Kumar J, Teoh SL. Parkinson's disease model in zebrafish using intraperitoneal MPTP injection. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1236049. [PMID: 37694115 PMCID: PMC10485380 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1236049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease that severely affects the quality of life of patients and their family members. Exposure to 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) has been shown to reflect behavioral, molecular, and proteomic features of PD. This study aimed to assess the protocol for inducing PD following MPTP injection in adult zebrafish. Methods Fish were injected with 100 μg/g of MPTP intraperitoneally once or twice and then assessed on days 1 to 30 post-injection. Results Between one-time and two-time injections, there was no significant difference in most locomotor parameters, expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase-2 (th2) and dopamine transporter (dat) genes, and dopaminergic neurons (tyrosine hydroxylase positive, TH+ cells) counts. However, caspase-3 levels significantly differed between one- and two-time injections on the day 1 assessment. Discussion Over a 30-day period, the parameters showed significant differences in swimming speed, total distance traveled, tyrosine hydroxylase-1 (th1) and dat gene expressions, caspase-3 and glutathione protein levels, and TH+ cell counts. Days 3 and 5 showed the most changes compared to the control. In conclusion, a one-time injection of MPTP with delayed assessment on days 3 to 5 is a good PD model for animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Azzizah Omar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Otsuka T, Matsui H. Fish Models for Exploring Mitochondrial Dysfunction Affecting Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087079. [PMID: 37108237 PMCID: PMC10138900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the progressive loss of neuronal structure or function, resulting in memory loss and movement disorders. Although the detailed pathogenic mechanism has not been elucidated, it is thought to be related to the loss of mitochondrial function in the process of aging. Animal models that mimic the pathology of a disease are essential for understanding human diseases. In recent years, small fish have become ideal vertebrate models for human disease due to their high genetic and histological homology to humans, ease of in vivo imaging, and ease of genetic manipulation. In this review, we first outline the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Then, we highlight the advantages of small fish as model organisms, and present examples of previous studies regarding mitochondria-related neuronal disorders. Lastly, we discuss the applicability of the turquoise killifish, a unique model for aging research, as a model for neurodegenerative diseases. Small fish models are expected to advance our understanding of the mitochondrial function in vivo, the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, and be important tools for developing therapies to treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Otsuka
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Hideaki Matsui
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
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Hettiarachchi P, Niyangoda SS, Jarosova R, Johnson MA. Dopamine Release Impairments Accompany Locomotor and Cognitive Deficiencies in Rotenone-Treated Parkinson's Disease Model Zebrafish. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1974-1982. [PMID: 36178476 PMCID: PMC10127151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we carried out neurochemical and behavioral analysis of zebrafish (Danio rerio) treated with rotenone, an agent used to chemically induce a syndrome resembling Parkinson's disease (PD). Dopamine release, measured with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) at carbon-fiber electrodes in acutely harvested whole brains, was about 30% of that found in controls. Uptake, represented by the first order rate constant (k) and the half-life (t1/2) determined by nonlinear regression modeling of the stimulated release plots, was also diminished. Behavioral analysis revealed that rotenone treatment increased the time required for zebrafish to reach a reward within a maze by more than 50% and caused fish to select the wrong pathway, suggesting that latent learning was impaired. Additionally, zebrafish treated with rotenone suffered from diminished locomotor activity, swimming shorter distances with lower mean velocity and acceleration. Thus, the neurochemical and behavioral approaches, as applied, were able to resolve rotenone-induced differences in key parameters. This approach may be effective for screening therapies in this and other models of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyanka Hettiarachchi
- Department of Chemistry and R.N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Sayuri S. Niyangoda
- Department of Chemistry and R.N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Romana Jarosova
- Department of Chemistry and R.N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic 12843
| | - Michael A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and R.N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
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Vijayanathan Y, Hamzah NM, Lim SM, Lim FT, Tan MP, Majeed ABA, Ramasamy K. Newly regenerated dopaminergic neurons in 6-OHDA-lesioned adult zebrafish brain proliferate in the Olfactory bulb and telencephalon, but migrate to, differentiate and mature in the diencephalon. Brain Res Bull 2022; 190:218-233. [PMID: 36228872 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to understand the biological processes underlying dopaminergic neurons (DpN) regeneration in a 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA)-induced adult zebrafish-based Parkinson's disease model, this study investigated the specific phases of neuroregeneration in a time-based manner. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered 24 h before the harvest of brain tissues at day three, five, seven, nine, 12 and 14 postlesion. Potential migration of proliferative cells was tracked over 14 days postlesion through double-pulse tracking [BrdU and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU)] of cells and immunohistostaining of astrocytes [glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)]. Gene expression of foxa2 and nurr1 (nr4a2a) at day three, nine, 14, 18, 22 and 30 postlesion was quantified using qPCR. Protein expression of foxa2 at day three, seven, 14 and 22 postlesion was validated using the western blot technique. Double labelling [EdU and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)] of proliferative cells was performed to ascertain their fate after the neuroregeneration processes. It was found that whilst cell proliferation remained unchanged in the area of substantial DpN loss, the ventral diencephalon (vDn), there was a transient increase of cell proliferation in the olfactory bulb (OB) and telencephalon (Tel) seven days postlesion. BrdU-immunoreactive (ir)/ EdU-ir cells and activated astrocytes were later found to be significantly increased in the vDn and its nearby area (Tel) 14 days postlesion. There was a significant but transient downregulation of foxa2 at day three and nine postlesion, and nr4a2a at day three, nine and 14 postlesion. The expression of both genes remained unchanged in the OB and Tel. There was a transient downregulation of foxa2 protein expression at day three and seven postlesion. The significant increase of EdU-ir/ TH-ir cells in the vDn 30 days postlesion indicates maturation of proliferative cells (formed between day five-seven postlesion) into DpN. The present findings warrant future investigation of critical factors that govern the distinctive phases of DpN regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuganthini Vijayanathan
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Naemah Md Hamzah
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Siong Meng Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Fei Ting Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Maw Pin Tan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Chia K, Klingseisen A, Sieger D, Priller J. Zebrafish as a model organism for neurodegenerative disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:940484. [PMID: 36311026 PMCID: PMC9606821 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.940484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is increasingly recognized as a model organism for translational research into human neuropathology. The zebrafish brain exhibits fundamental resemblance with human neuroanatomical and neurochemical pathways, and hallmarks of human brain pathology such as protein aggregation, neuronal degeneration and activation of glial cells, for example, can be modeled and recapitulated in the fish central nervous system. Genetic manipulation, imaging, and drug screening are areas where zebrafish excel with the ease of introducing mutations and transgenes, the expression of fluorescent markers that can be detected in vivo in the transparent larval stages overtime, and simple treatment of large numbers of fish larvae at once followed by automated screening and imaging. In this review, we summarize how zebrafish have successfully been employed to model human neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of choosing zebrafish as a model for these neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelda Chia
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Klingseisen
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Sieger
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Dirk Sieger,
| | - Josef Priller
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, DZNE, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Josef Priller,
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Agarwala S, Kim KY, Phan S, Ju S, Kong YE, Castillon GA, Bushong EA, Ellisman MH, Tamplin OJ. Defining the ultrastructure of the hematopoietic stem cell niche by correlative light and electron microscopy. eLife 2022; 11:64835. [PMID: 35943143 PMCID: PMC9391045 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood system is supported by hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) found in a specialized microenvironment called the niche. Many different niche cell types support HSPCs, however how they interact and their ultrastructure has been difficult to define. Here, we show that single endogenous HSPCs can be tracked by light microscopy, then identified by serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBEM) at multiscale levels. Using the zebrafish larval kidney marrow (KM) niche as a model, we followed single fluorescently labeled HSPCs by light sheet microscopy, then confirmed their exact location in a 3D SBEM dataset. We found a variety of different configurations of HSPCs and surrounding niche cells, suggesting there could be functional heterogeneity in sites of HSPC lodgement. Our approach also allowed us to identify dopamine beta-hydroxylase (dbh) positive ganglion cells as a previously uncharacterized functional cell type in the HSPC niche. By integrating multiple imaging modalities, we could resolve the ultrastructure of single rare cells deep in live tissue and define all contacts between an HSPC and its surrounding niche cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhika Agarwala
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Sebastien Phan
- Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Saeyeon Ju
- Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Ye Eun Kong
- Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Guillaume A Castillon
- Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Eric A Bushong
- Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Owen J Tamplin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
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Sun Y, He L, Wang W, Xie Z, Zhang X, Wang P, Wang L, Yan C, Liu Z, Zhao J, Cui Z, Wang Y, Tang L, Zhang Z. Activation of Atg7-dependent autophagy by a novel inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction from Penthorum chinense Pursh. attenuates 6-hydroxydopamine-induced ferroptosis in zebrafish and dopaminergic neurons. Food Funct 2022; 13:7885-7900. [PMID: 35776077 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00357k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The death of dopaminergic neurons is a dominant factor during the occurrence and development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies demonstrated that ferroptosis is implicated in the death of dopaminergic neurons. Besides, polyphenols have been proven to be effective in preventing the death of dopaminergic neurons. This work aims to explore the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of thonningianin A (Th A), a polyphenolic compound in natural plant foods, against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced ferroptosis in dopaminergic cells. The results of molecular docking and other binding assays collectively demonstrated that Th A can strongly target the Kelch domain of Keap1. Th A treatment significantly facilitated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation and subsequently increased the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein level through inhibiting the protein-protein interaction (PPI) of Keap1 and Nrf2. Compared with the nomifensine (Nomi) treatment, Th A had a more potent protective effect on 6-OHDA-induced ferroptosis during PD pathology in zebrafish, which was associated with assuaging the reduction of the total swimming distance, glutathione (GSH) depletion, iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn). Furthermore, Th A also exhibited a strong protective effect against 6-OHDA-induced ferroptosis in vitro in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Th A degraded Keap1 protein through activating Atg7-dependent autophagy. Additionally, Th A treatment facilitated the degradation of Keap1 protein by promoting the interaction between p62/SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1, hereafter referred to as p62) and Keap1. Taken together, our findings indicated that Th A protects dopaminergic cells against 6-OHDA-induced ferroptosis through activating the Nrf2-based cytoprotective system, thus enabling a potential application of Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitors in the restraint of ferroptosis and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Sun
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P.R. China.
| | - Libo He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wang Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330052, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhishen Xie
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P.R. China.
| | - Pan Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P.R. China.
| | - Lan Wang
- College of Chemical and Food Engineering, Zhengzhou Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Chenchen Yan
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P.R. China.
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P.R. China.
| | - Jie Zhao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P.R. China.
| | - Zhenghao Cui
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P.R. China.
| | - Yida Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P.R. China.
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Bashirzade AA, Zabegalov KN, Volgin AD, Belova AS, Demin KA, de Abreu MS, Babchenko VY, Bashirzade KA, Yenkoyan KB, Tikhonova MA, Amstislavskaya TG, Kalueff AV. Modeling neurodegenerative disorders in zebrafish. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 138:104679. [PMID: 35490912 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a major cause of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, multiple and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, pontocerebellar hypoplasia, dementia and other related brain disorders. Their complex pathogenesis commonly includes genetic and neurochemical deficits, misfolded protein toxicity, demyelination, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Albeit differing in specific underlying mechanisms, neurodegenerative disorders typically display evolutionarily conserved mechanisms across taxa. Here, we review the role of zebrafish models in recapitulating major human and rodent neurodegenerative conditions, demonstrating this species as a highly relevant experimental model for research on neurodegenerative diseases, and discussing how these fish models can further clarify the underlying genetic, neurochemical, neuroanatomical and behavioral pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alim A Bashirzade
- Novosibirsk State University, Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk, Russia; Scientific Research Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Andrey D Volgin
- Novosibirsk State University, Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk, Russia; Scientific Research Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alisa S Belova
- Novosibirsk State University, Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk, Russia; Scientific Research Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Granov Scientific Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, St. Petersburg, Russia; Almazov Medical Research Center, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Vladislav Ya Babchenko
- Novosibirsk State University, Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk, Russia; Scientific Research Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kseniya A Bashirzade
- Novosibirsk State University, Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin B Yenkoyan
- Neuroscience Laboratory, COBRAIN Center, M Heratsi Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia; COBRAIN Center - Scientific Educational Center for Fundamental Brain Research, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Maria A Tikhonova
- Novosibirsk State University, Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk, Russia; Scientific Research Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tamara G Amstislavskaya
- Novosibirsk State University, Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk, Russia; Scientific Research Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia; COBRAIN Center - Scientific Educational Center for Fundamental Brain Research, Yerevan, Armenia.
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11
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Doyle JM, Croll RP. A Critical Review of Zebrafish Models of Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:835827. [PMID: 35370740 PMCID: PMC8965100 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.835827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of human diseases have been modelled in zebrafish, including various types of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Recent reviews have summarized the currently available zebrafish models of Parkinson’s Disease, which include gene-based, chemically induced and chemogenetic ablation models. The present review updates the literature, critically evaluates each of the available models of Parkinson’s Disease in zebrafish and compares them with similar models in invertebrates and mammals to determine their advantages and disadvantages. We examine gene-based models, including ones linked to Early-Onset Parkinson’s Disease: PARKIN, PINK1, DJ-1, and SNCA; but we also examine LRRK2, which is linked to Late-Onset Parkinson’s Disease. We evaluate chemically induced models like MPTP, 6-OHDA, rotenone and paraquat, as well as chemogenetic ablation models like metronidazole-nitroreductase. The article also reviews the unique advantages of zebrafish, including the abundance of behavioural assays available to researchers and the efficiency of high-throughput screens. This offers a rare opportunity for assessing the potential therapeutic efficacy of pharmacological interventions. Zebrafish also are very amenable to genetic manipulation using a wide variety of techniques, which can be combined with an array of advanced microscopic imaging methods to enable in vivo visualization of cells and tissue. Taken together, these factors place zebrafish on the forefront of research as a versatile model for investigating disease states. The end goal of this review is to determine the benefits of using zebrafish in comparison to utilising other animals and to consider the limitations of zebrafish for investigating human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian M Doyle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Roger P Croll
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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12
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Thirugnanam T, Santhakumar K. Chemically induced models of Parkinson's disease. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 252:109213. [PMID: 34673252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Environmental toxins are harmful substances detrimental to humans. Constant exposure to these fatal neurotoxins can cause various neurodegenerative disorders. Although poisonous, specific neurotoxins at optimal concentrations mimic the clinical features of neurodegenerative diseases in several animal models. Such chemically-induced model systems are beneficial in deciphering the molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration and drug screening for these disorders. One such neurotoxin is 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a widely used chemical that recapitulates Parkinsonian features in various animal models. Apart from MPTP, other neurotoxins like 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), paraquat, rotenone also induce specific clinical features of Parkinson's disease in animal models. These chemically-induced Parkinson's disease models are playing a crucial role in understanding Parkinson's disease onset, pathology, and novel therapeutics. In this review, we provide a concise overview of various neurotoxins that can recapitulate Parkinsonian features in different in vivo and in vitro model systems specifically focusing on the different treatment methodologies of neurotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilaga Thirugnanam
- Zebrafish Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kirankumar Santhakumar
- Zebrafish Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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13
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Zebrafish, Medaka and Turquoise Killifish for Understanding Human Neurodegenerative/Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031399. [PMID: 35163337 PMCID: PMC8836067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, small fishes such as zebrafish and medaka have been widely recognized as model animals. They have high homology in genetics and tissue structure with humans and unique features that mammalian model animals do not have, such as transparency of embryos and larvae, a small body size and ease of experiments, including genetic manipulation. Zebrafish and medaka have been used extensively in the field of neurology, especially to unveil the mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, and recently, these fishes have also been utilized to understand neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder. The turquoise killifish has emerged as a new and unique model animal, especially for ageing research due to its unique life cycle, and this fish also seems to be useful for age-related neurological diseases. These small fishes are excellent animal models for the analysis of human neurological disorders and are expected to play increasing roles in this field. Here, we introduce various applications of these model fishes to improve our understanding of human neurological disorders.
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14
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Lama J, Buhidma Y, Fletcher E, Duty S. Animal models of Parkinson's disease: a guide to selecting the optimal model for your research. Neuronal Signal 2021; 5:NS20210026. [PMID: 34956652 PMCID: PMC8661507 DOI: 10.1042/ns20210026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex, multisystem disorder characterised by α-synuclein (SNCA) pathology, degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, multifactorial pathogenetic mechanisms and expression of a plethora of motor and non-motor symptoms. Animal models of PD have already been instructive in helping us unravel some of these aspects. However, much remains to be discovered, requiring continued interrogation by the research community. In contrast with the situation for many neurological disorders, PD benefits from of a wide range of available animal models (pharmacological, toxin, genetic and α-synuclein) but this makes selection of the optimal one for a given study difficult. This is especially so when a study demands a model that displays a specific combination of features. While many excellent reviews of animal models already exist, this review takes a different approach with the intention of more readily informing this decision-making process. We have considered each feature of PD in turn - aetiology, pathology, pathogenesis, motor dysfunctions and non-motor symptoms (NMS) - highlighting those animal models that replicate each. By compiling easily accessible tables and a summary figure, we aim to provide the reader with a simple, go-to resource for selecting the optimal animal model of PD to suit their research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Lama
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, Wolfson Wing, Hodgkin Building, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Yazead Buhidma
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, Wolfson Wing, Hodgkin Building, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Edward J.R. Fletcher
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, Wolfson Wing, Hodgkin Building, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Susan Duty
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, Wolfson Wing, Hodgkin Building, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K
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15
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Lu D, Ma R, Xie Q, Xu Z, Yuan J, Ren M, Li J, Li Y, Wang J. Application and advantages of zebrafish model in the study of neurovascular unit. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174483. [PMID: 34481878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The concept of "Neurovascular Unit" (NVU) was put forward, so that the research goal of Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases gradually transitioned from a single neuron to the structural and functional integrity of the NVU. Zebrafish has the advantages of high homology with human genes, strong reproductive capacity and visualization of neural circuits, so it has become an emerging model organism for NVU research and has been applied to a variety of CNS diseases. Based on CNKI (https://www.cnki.net/) and PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/about/) databases, the author of this article sorted out the relevant literature, analyzed the construction of a zebrafish model of various CNS diseases,and the use of diagrams showed the application of zebrafish in the NVU, revealed its relationship, which would provide new methods and references for the treatment and research of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Rong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jianmei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Mihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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16
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The Possible Role of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 on Locomotor Activity and Oxidative Stress in a Rotenone-Induced Zebrafish Model of Parkinson's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9629102. [PMID: 34691361 PMCID: PMC8531778 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9629102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background As every organ within the body, the brain is also extremely susceptible to a plethora of noxious agents that change its chemistry. One component frequently found in current products against harmful species to crops is rotenone whose effect under prolonged exposure has been demonstrated to cause neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease. The latest reports have indeed revealed that rotenone promotes Parkinson's in humans, but studies aiming to show congruent effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio) are lacking. Material and Methods. In this context, the aim of the present study was to demonstrate how chronic administration of rotenone for 3 weeks impairs the locomotor activity and sociability and induces oxidative stress in zebrafish. Results There were no statistically significant differences following the analysis of their social interaction and locomotor tests (p > 0.05). However, several exceptions have been noted in the control, rotenone, and probiotics groups when we compared their locomotor activity during the pretreatment and treatment interval (p < 0.05). We further assessed the role of rotenone in disturbing the detoxifying system as represented by three enzymes known as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Despite the fact that there were no statistically significant changes within SOD and GPx levels between the control group and rotenone, probiotics, and rotenone + probiotics (p > 0.05), relevant changes have been observed between the analyzed groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.005, respectively). On the other hand, significant differences (p < 0.05) have been observed for MDA when we analyzed the data between the control group and the other three groups. Conclusions Our results suggest that rotenone can be successfully used to trigger Parkinson's disease-related symptomatology in zebrafish.
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17
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Mohamad Najib NH, Yahaya MF, Das S, Teoh SL. The effects of metallothionein in paraquat-induced Parkinson disease model of zebrafish. Int J Neurosci 2021:1-12. [PMID: 34623211 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1990916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease caused by selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Metallothionein has been shown to act as a neuroprotectant in various brain injury. Thus, this study aims to identify the effects of full-length human metallothionein 2 peptide (hMT2) in paraquat-induced brain injury in the zebrafish. METHODOLOGY A total of 80 adult zebrafish were divided into 4 groups namely control, paraquat-treated, pre-hMT2-treated, and post-hMT2-treated groups. Fish were treated with paraquat intraperitoneally every 3 days for 15 days. hMT2 were injected intracranially on day 0 (pre-treated group) and day 16 (post-treated group). Fish were sacrificed on day 22 and the brains were collected for qPCR, ELISA and immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS qPCR analysis showed that paraquat treatment down-regulated the expression of genes related to dopamine activity and biosynthesis (dat and th1) and neuroprotective agent (bdnf). Paraquat treatment also up-regulated the expression of the mt2, smtb and proinflammatory genes (il-1α, il-1β, tnf-α and cox-2). hMT2 treatment was able to reverse the effects of paraquat. Lipid peroxidation decreased in the paraquat and pre-hMT2-treated groups. However, lipid peroxidation increased in the post-hMT2-treated group. Paraquat treatment also led to a reduction of dopaminergic neurons while their numbers showed an increase following hMT2 treatment. CONCLUSION Paraquat has been identified as one of the pesticides that can cause the death of dopaminergic neurons and affect dopamine biosynthesis. Treatment with exogenous hMT2 could reverse the effects of paraquat in the zebrafish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Haliza Mohamad Najib
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Fairuz Yahaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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18
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Wang J, Cao H. Zebrafish and Medaka: Important Animal Models for Human Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10766. [PMID: 34639106 PMCID: PMC8509648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models of human neurodegenerative disease have been investigated for several decades. In recent years, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and medaka (Oryzias latipes) have become popular in pathogenic and therapeutic studies about human neurodegenerative diseases due to their small size, the optical clarity of embryos, their fast development, and their suitability to large-scale therapeutic screening. Following the emergence of a new generation of molecular biological technologies such as reverse and forward genetics, morpholino, transgenesis, and gene knockout, many human neurodegenerative disease models, such as Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Alzheimer's, were constructed in zebrafish and medaka. These studies proved that zebrafish and medaka genes are functionally conserved in relation to their human homologues, so they exhibit similar neurodegenerative phenotypes to human beings. Therefore, fish are a suitable model for the investigation of pathologic mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases and for the large-scale screening of drugs for potential therapy. In this review, we summarize the studies in modelling human neurodegenerative diseases in zebrafish and medaka in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donghu South Road 7#, Wuhan 430072, China;
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donghu South Road 7#, Wuhan 430072, China;
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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19
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Wang X, Zhang JB, He KJ, Wang F, Liu CF. Advances of Zebrafish in Neurodegenerative Disease: From Models to Drug Discovery. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:713963. [PMID: 34335276 PMCID: PMC8317260 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.713963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease (NDD), including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons which leads to the decline of motor and/or cognitive function. Currently, the prevalence of NDD is rapidly increasing in the aging population. However, valid drugs or treatment for NDD are still lacking. The clinical heterogeneity and complex pathogenesis of NDD pose a great challenge for the development of disease-modifying therapies. Numerous animal models have been generated to mimic the pathological conditions of these diseases for drug discovery. Among them, zebrafish (Danio rerio) models are progressively emerging and becoming a powerful tool for in vivo study of NDD. Extensive use of zebrafish in pharmacology research or drug screening is due to the high conserved evolution and 87% homology to humans. In this review, we summarize the zebrafish models used in NDD studies, and highlight the recent findings on pharmacological targets for NDD treatment. As high-throughput platforms in zebrafish research have rapidly developed in recent years, we also discuss the application prospects of these new technologies in future NDD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin-Bao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kai-Jie He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China
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20
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Razali K, Othman N, Mohd Nasir MH, Doolaanea AA, Kumar J, Ibrahim WN, Mohamed Ibrahim N, Mohamed WMY. The Promise of the Zebrafish Model for Parkinson's Disease: Today's Science and Tomorrow's Treatment. Front Genet 2021; 12:655550. [PMID: 33936174 PMCID: PMC8082503 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.655550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly is Parkinson's disease (PD). Its etiology is unclear and there are no available disease-modifying medicines. Therefore, more evidence is required concerning its pathogenesis. The use of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is the basis of most animal models of PD. MPTP is metabolized by monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) to MPP + and induces the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in mammals. Zebrafish have been commonly used in developmental biology as a model organism, but owing to its perfect mix of properties, it is now emerging as a model for human diseases. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are cheap and easy to sustain, evolve rapidly, breed transparent embryos in large amounts, and are readily manipulated by different methods, particularly genetic ones. Furthermore, zebrafish are vertebrate species and mammalian findings obtained from zebrafish may be more applicable than those derived from genetic models of invertebrates such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. The resemblance cannot be taken for granted, however. The goal of the present review article is to highlight the promise of zebrafish as a PD animal model. As its aminergic structures, MPTP mode of action, and PINK1 roles mimic those of mammalians, zebrafish seems to be a viable model for studying PD. The roles of zebrafish MAO, however, vary from those of the two types of MAO present in mammals. The benefits unique to zebrafish, such as the ability to perform large-scale genetic or drug screens, should be exploited in future experiments utilizing zebrafish PD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairiah Razali
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Noratikah Othman
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Nursing, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hamzah Mohd Nasir
- Central Research and Animal Facility (CREAM), Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Abd Almonem Doolaanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wisam Nabeel Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Wael M. Y. Mohamed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Menoufia Medical School, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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21
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Lu JS, Chen QY, Chen X, Li XH, Zhou Z, Liu Q, Lin Y, Zhou M, Xu PY, Zhuo M. Cellular and synaptic mechanisms for Parkinson's disease-related chronic pain. Mol Pain 2021; 17:1744806921999025. [PMID: 33784837 PMCID: PMC8020085 DOI: 10.1177/1744806921999025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after
Alzheimer’s disease. Chronic pain is experienced by the vast majority of
patients living with Parkinson’s disease. The degeneration of dopaminergic
neuron acts as the essential mechanism of Parkinson’s disease in the midbrain
dopaminergic pathway. The impairment of dopaminergic neurons leads to
dysfunctions of the nociceptive system. Key cortical areas, such as the anterior
cingulate cortex (ACC) and insular cortex (IC) that receive the dopaminergic
projections are involved in pain transmission. Dopamine changes synaptic
transmission via several pathway, for example the D2-adenly cyclase (AC)-cyclic
AMP (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway and D1-G protein-coupled receptor
kinase 2 (GRK2)-fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) pathway. The
management of Parkinson’s disease-related pain implicates maintenance of stable
level of dopaminergic drugs and analgesics, however a more selective drug
targeting at key molecules in Parkinson’s disease-related pain remains to be
investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Shan Lu
- Institute for Brain Research, Qingdao International Academician Park, Qingdao, China.,Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi-Yu Chen
- Institute for Brain Research, Qingdao International Academician Park, Qingdao, China.,Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Hui Li
- Institute for Brain Research, Qingdao International Academician Park, Qingdao, China.,Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhaoxiang Zhou
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwan Lin
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping-Yi Xu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhuo
- Institute for Brain Research, Qingdao International Academician Park, Qingdao, China.,Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Van Houcke J, Mariën V, Zandecki C, Seuntjens E, Ayana R, Arckens L. Modeling Neuroregeneration and Neurorepair in an Aging Context: The Power of a Teleost Model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:619197. [PMID: 33816468 PMCID: PMC8012675 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.619197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging increases the risk for neurodegenerative disease and brain trauma, both leading to irreversible and multifaceted deficits that impose a clear societal and economic burden onto the growing world population. Despite tremendous research efforts, there are still no treatments available that can fully restore brain function, which would imply neuroregeneration. In the adult mammalian brain, neuroregeneration is naturally limited, even more so in an aging context. In view of the significant influence of aging on (late-onset) neurological disease, it is a critical factor in future research. This review discusses the use of a non-standard gerontology model, the teleost brain, for studying the impact of aging on neurorepair. Teleost fish share a vertebrate physiology with mammals, including mammalian-like aging, but in contrast to mammals have a high capacity for regeneration. Moreover, access to large mutagenesis screens empowers these teleost species to fill the gap between established invertebrate and rodent models. As such, we here highlight opportunities to decode the factor age in relation to neurorepair, and we propose the use of teleost fish, and in particular killifish, to fuel new research in the neuro-gerontology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Van Houcke
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valerie Mariën
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline Zandecki
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eve Seuntjens
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rajagopal Ayana
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lutgarde Arckens
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
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Ilie OD, Paduraru E, Robea MA, Balmus IM, Jijie R, Nicoara M, Ciobica A, Nita IB, Dobrin R, Doroftei B. The Possible Role of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 on Locomotor Activity and Oxidative Stress in a Rotenone-Induced Zebrafish Model of Parkinson's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021. [PMID: 34691361 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9629102.ecollection2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As every organ within the body, the brain is also extremely susceptible to a plethora of noxious agents that change its chemistry. One component frequently found in current products against harmful species to crops is rotenone whose effect under prolonged exposure has been demonstrated to cause neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease. The latest reports have indeed revealed that rotenone promotes Parkinson's in humans, but studies aiming to show congruent effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio) are lacking. Material and Methods. In this context, the aim of the present study was to demonstrate how chronic administration of rotenone for 3 weeks impairs the locomotor activity and sociability and induces oxidative stress in zebrafish. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences following the analysis of their social interaction and locomotor tests (p > 0.05). However, several exceptions have been noted in the control, rotenone, and probiotics groups when we compared their locomotor activity during the pretreatment and treatment interval (p < 0.05). We further assessed the role of rotenone in disturbing the detoxifying system as represented by three enzymes known as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Despite the fact that there were no statistically significant changes within SOD and GPx levels between the control group and rotenone, probiotics, and rotenone + probiotics (p > 0.05), relevant changes have been observed between the analyzed groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.005, respectively). On the other hand, significant differences (p < 0.05) have been observed for MDA when we analyzed the data between the control group and the other three groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that rotenone can be successfully used to trigger Parkinson's disease-related symptomatology in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University, Carol I Avenue, No 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Emanuela Paduraru
- Faculty of Geography and Geology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University, Carol I Avenue, No 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Madalina-Andreea Robea
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University, Carol I Avenue, No 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana-Miruna Balmus
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University, Carol I Avenue, No 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Roxana Jijie
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University, Carol I Avenue, No 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mircea Nicoara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University, Carol I Avenue, No 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University, Carol I Avenue, No 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ilinca-Bianca Nita
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", University Street, No 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Romeo Dobrin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", University Street, No 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Doroftei
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", University Street, No 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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24
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Najib NH, Nies YH, Abd Halim SA, Yahaya MF, Das S, Lim WL, Teoh SL. Modeling Parkinson’s Disease in Zebrafish. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:386-399. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200708124117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders that affects
the motor system, and includes cardinal motor symptoms such as resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity,
bradykinesia and postural instability. Its prevalence is increasing worldwide due to the increase in
life span. Although, two centuries since the first description of the disease, no proper cure with regard
to treatment strategies and control of symptoms could be reached. One of the major challenges faced
by the researchers is to have a suitable research model. Rodents are the most common PD models
used, but no single model can replicate the true nature of PD. In this review, we aim to discuss another
animal model, the zebrafish (Danio rerio), which is gaining popularity. Zebrafish brain has all the major
structures found in the mammalian brain, with neurotransmitter systems, and it also possesses a
functional blood-brain barrier similar to humans. From the perspective of PD research, the zebrafish
possesses the ventral diencephalon, which is thought to be homologous to the mammalian substantia
nigra. We summarize the various zebrafish models available to study PD, namely chemical-induced
and genetic models. The zebrafish can complement the use of other animal models for the mechanistic
study of PD and help in the screening of new potential therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor H.M. Najib
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yong H. Nies
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syarifah A.S. Abd Halim
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad F. Yahaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei L. Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seong L. Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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25
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Vijayanathan Y, Lim SM, Tan MP, Lim FT, Majeed ABA, Ramasamy K. Adult Endogenous Dopaminergic Neuroregeneration Against Parkinson's Disease: Ideal Animal Models? Neurotox Res 2020; 39:504-532. [PMID: 33141428 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. The etiology of PD remains an enigma with no available disease modifying treatment or cure. Pharmacological compensation is the only quality of life improving treatments available. Endogenous dopaminergic neuroregeneration has recently been considered a plausible therapeutic strategy for PD. However, researchers have to first decipher the complexity of adult endogenous neuroregeneration. This raises the need of animal models to understand the underlying molecular basis. Mammalian models with highly conserved genetic homology might aid researchers to identify specific molecular mechanisms. However, the scarcity of adult neuroregeneration potential in mammals obfuscates such investigations. Nowadays, non-mammalian models are gaining popularity due to their explicit ability to neuroregenerate naturally without the need of external enhancements, yet these non-mammals have a much diverse gene homology that critical molecular signals might not be conserved across species. The present review highlights the advantages and disadvantages of both mammalian and non-mammalian animal models that can be essentially used to study the potential of endogenous DpN regeneration against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuganthini Vijayanathan
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siong Meng Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Maw Pin Tan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fei Ting Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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26
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Wasel O, Freeman JL. Chemical and Genetic Zebrafish Models to Define Mechanisms of and Treatments for Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175981. [PMID: 32825242 PMCID: PMC7503535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is routinely used in biological studies as a vertebrate model system that provides unique strengths allowing applications in studies of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. One specific advantage is that the neurotransmitter systems are highly conserved throughout vertebrate evolution, including between zebrafish and humans. Disruption of the dopaminergic signaling pathway is linked to multiple neurological disorders. One of the most common is Parkinson’s disease, a neurodegenerative disease associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons, among other neuropathological characteristics. In this review, the development of the zebrafish’s dopaminergic system, focusing on genetic control of the dopaminergic system, is detailed. Second, neurotoxicant models used to study dopaminergic neuronal loss, including 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), the pesticides paraquat and rotenone, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), are described. Next, zebrafish genetic knockdown models of dj1, pink1, and prkn established for investigating mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease are discussed. Chemical modulators of the dopaminergic system are also highlighted to showcase the applicability of the zebrafish to identify mechanisms and treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease associated with the dopaminergic system.
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27
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Parkinson's Disease-Induced Zebrafish Models: Focussing on Oxidative Stress Implications and Sleep Processes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1370837. [PMID: 32908622 PMCID: PMC7450359 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1370837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The complex yet not fully understood pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease includes an important molecular component consisting of oxidative status changes, thus leading to oxidative stress occurrence. While no particular evidence has been reported that describes the relationship between oxidative stress and the molecular mechanisms behind Parkinson's disease development, animal model studies has shown that oxidative stress induction could modulate Parkinson's disease symptomatology. Despite the inability to perfectly replicate human disease in animals and despite that Parkinson's disease has not been reported in any animal species, animal modeling is one of the most important tools in understanding the complex mechanisms of human disorders. In this way, this study is aimed at detailing this particular relationship and describing the molecular mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease in animal models, focusing on the potential advantages and disadvantages of zebrafish in this context. The information relevant to this topic was gathered using major scientific database research (PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus) based on related keywords and inclusion criteria. Thus, it was observed that oxidative stress possesses an important role in Parkinson's disease as shown by numerous animal model studies, many of which are based on rodent experimental models. However, an emerging impact of the zebrafish model was observed in the research of Parkinson's disease pathological mechanisms with regard to disease development factors and the cause-effect relationship between oxidative stress and comorbidities (such as depression, hyposmia, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive deficits) and also with regard to the pharmacological potential of antioxidant molecules in Parkinson's disease treatment.
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28
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Godoy R, Hua K, Kalyn M, Cusson VM, Anisman H, Ekker M. Dopaminergic neurons regenerate following chemogenetic ablation in the olfactory bulb of adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Sci Rep 2020; 10:12825. [PMID: 32733000 PMCID: PMC7393114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult zebrafish have the ability to regenerate cells of the central nervous system. However, few neuronal regeneration studies in adult zebrafish addressed their ability to regenerate specific types of neurons following cell specific ablation. We show here that treatment of transgenic Tg(dat:CFP-NTR) adult zebrafish with the prodrug metronidazole (Mtz) according to our administration regimen predominantly ablates dopamine (DA) neurons within the olfactory bulb (OB) of adult fish. Loss of DA neurons was accompanied by an impaired olfaction phenotype, as early as 1-week post-treatment, in which fish were unable to sense the presence of the repulsive stimulus cadaverine. The olfactory impairment was reversed within 45 days and coincided with the recovery of DA neuron counts in the OB. A multi-label pulse-chase analysis with BrdU and EdU over the first seventeen days-post Mtz exposure showed that newly formed DA neurons were recruited within the first nine days following exposure and led to functional and morphological recovery of the OB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Godoy
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Khang Hua
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Kalyn
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Hymie Anisman
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Ekker
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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29
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Regeneration of Dopaminergic Neurons in Adult Zebrafish Depends on Immune System Activation and Differs for Distinct Populations. J Neurosci 2019; 39:4694-4713. [PMID: 30948475 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2706-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult zebrafish, in contrast to mammals, regenerate neurons in their brain, but the extent and variability of this capacity is unclear. Here we ask whether the loss of various dopaminergic neuron populations is sufficient to trigger their functional regeneration. Both sexes of zebrafish were analyzed. Genetic lineage tracing shows that specific diencephalic ependymo-radial glial (ERG) progenitor cells give rise to new dopaminergic [tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+)] neurons. Ablation elicits an immune response, increased proliferation of ERG progenitor cells, and increased addition of new TH+ neurons in populations that constitutively add new neurons (e.g., diencephalic population 5/6). Inhibiting the immune response attenuates neurogenesis to control levels. Boosting the immune response enhances ERG proliferation, but not addition of TH+ neurons. In contrast, in populations in which constitutive neurogenesis is undetectable (e.g., the posterior tuberculum and locus ceruleus), cell replacement and tissue integration are incomplete and transient. This is associated with a loss of spinal TH+ axons, as well as permanent deficits in shoaling and reproductive behavior. Hence, dopaminergic neuron populations in the adult zebrafish brain show vast differences in regenerative capacity that correlate with constitutive addition of neurons and depend on immune system activation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Despite the fact that zebrafish show a high propensity to regenerate neurons in the brain, this study reveals that not all types of dopaminergic neurons are functionally regenerated after specific ablation. Hence, in the same adult vertebrate brain, mechanisms of successful and incomplete regeneration can be studied. We identify progenitor cells for dopaminergic neurons and show that activating the immune system promotes the proliferation of these cells. However, in some areas of the brain this only leads to insufficient replacement of functionally important dopaminergic neurons that later disappear. Understanding the mechanisms of regeneration in zebrafish may inform interventions targeting the regeneration of functionally important neurons, such as dopaminergic neurons, from endogenous progenitor cells in nonregenerating mammals.
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30
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Ünal İ, Emekli-Alturfan E. Fishing for Parkinson's Disease: A review of the literature. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 62:1-6. [PMID: 30660479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the world, is due to the damage or death of cells that produce dopamine in the region called the substantia nigra (SN). Model organisms are important tools in PD research. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), a small tropical freshwater fish, entered the scientific world through developmental biology studies and today has become a popular model organism for human diseases. This review will provide information on the current knowledge about the use of zebrafish in PD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmail Ünal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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31
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Lindsey BW, Hall ZJ, Heuzé A, Joly JS, Tropepe V, Kaslin J. The role of neuro-epithelial-like and radial-glial stem and progenitor cells in development, plasticity, and repair. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 170:99-114. [PMID: 29902500 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) are the primary source of new neurons in the brain and serve critical roles in tissue homeostasis and plasticity throughout life. Within the vertebrate brain, NSPCs are located within distinct neurogenic niches differing in their location, cellular composition, and proliferative behaviour. Heterogeneity in the NSPC population is hypothesized to reflect varying capacities for neurogenesis, plasticity and repair between different neurogenic zones. Since the discovery of adult neurogenesis, studies have predominantly focused on the behaviour and biological significance of adult NSPCs (aNSPCs) in rodents. However, compared to rodents, who show lifelong neurogenesis in only two restricted neurogenic niches, zebrafish exhibit constitutive neurogenesis across multiple stem cell niches that provide new neurons to every major brain division. Accordingly, zebrafish are a powerful model to probe the unique cellular and molecular profiles of NSPCs and investigate how these profiles govern tissue homeostasis and regenerative plasticity within distinct stem cell populations over time. Amongst the NSPC populations residing in the zebrafish central nervous system (CNS), proliferating radial-glia, quiescent radial-glia and neuro-epithelial-like cells comprise the majority. Here, we provide insight into the extent to which these distinct NSPC populations function and mature during development, respond to experience, and contribute to successful CNS regeneration in teleost fish. Together, our review brings to light the dynamic biological roles of these individual NSPC populations and showcases their diverse regenerative modes to achieve vertebrate brain repair later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Lindsey
- Department of Biology, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Zachary J Hall
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G5, Canada.
| | - Aurélie Heuzé
- CASBAH INRA group, UMR9197 Neuro-PSI, CNRS, 91 198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Jean-Stéphane Joly
- CASBAH INRA group, UMR9197 Neuro-PSI, CNRS, 91 198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Vincent Tropepe
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G5, Canada.
| | - Jan Kaslin
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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32
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Vaz RL, Outeiro TF, Ferreira JJ. Zebrafish as an Animal Model for Drug Discovery in Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders: A Systematic Review. Front Neurol 2018; 9:347. [PMID: 29910763 PMCID: PMC5992294 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement disorders can be primarily divided into hypokinetic and hyperkinetic. Most of the hypokinetic syndromes are associated with the neurodegenerative disorder Parkinson’s disease (PD). By contrast, hyperkinetic syndromes encompass a broader array of diseases, including dystonia, essential tremor, or Huntington’s disease. The discovery of effective therapies for these disorders has been challenging and has also involved the development and characterization of accurate animal models for the screening of new drugs. Zebrafish constitutes an alternative vertebrate model for the study of movement disorders. The neuronal circuitries involved in movement in zebrafish are well characterized, and most of the associated molecular mechanisms are highly conserved. Particularly, zebrafish models of PD have contributed to a better understanding of the role of several genes implicated in the disease. Furthermore, zebrafish is a vertebrate model particularly suited for large-scale drug screenings. The relatively small size of zebrafish, optical transparency, and lifecycle, are key characteristics that facilitate the study of multiple compounds at the same time. Several transgenic, knockdown, and mutant zebrafish lines have been generated and characterized. Therefore, it is central to critically analyze these zebrafish lines and understand their suitability as models of movement disorders. Here, we revise the pathogenic mechanisms, phenotypes, and responsiveness to pharmacotherapies of zebrafish lines of the most common movement disorders. A systematic review of the literature was conducted by including all studies reporting the characterization of zebrafish models of the movement disorders selected from five bibliographic databases. A total of 63 studies were analyzed, and the most relevant data within the scope of this review were gathered. The majority (62%) of the studies were focused in the characterization of zebrafish models of PD. Overall, the zebrafish models included display conserved biochemical and neurobehavioral features of the phenomenology in humans. Nevertheless, in light of what is known for all animal models available, the use of zebrafish as a model for drug discovery requires further optimization. Future technological developments alongside with a deeper understanding of the molecular bases of these disorders should enable the development of novel zebrafish lines that can prove useful for drug discovery for movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita L Vaz
- TechnoPhage, SA, Lisboa, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,The Medical School, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Joaquim J Ferreira
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,CNS-Campus Neurológico Sénior, Torres Vedras, Portugal
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