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Khoshnam SE, Moalemnia A, Anbiyaee O, Farzaneh M, Ghaderi S. LncRNA MALAT1 and Ischemic Stroke: Pathogenesis and Opportunities. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4369-4380. [PMID: 38087169 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) stands as a prominent cause of mortality and long-term disability around the world. It arises primarily from a disruption in cerebral blood flow, inflicting severe neural injuries. Hence, there is a pressing need to comprehensively understand the intricate mechanisms underlying IS and identify novel therapeutic targets. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as a novel class of regulatory molecules with the potential to attenuate pathogenic mechanisms following IS. Among these lncRNAs, MALAT1 (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) has been extensively studied due to its involvement in the pathophysiological processes of IS. In this review, we provide an in-depth analysis of the essential role of MALAT1 in the development and progression of both pathogenic and protective mechanisms following IS. These mechanisms include oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, cell death signaling, blood brain barrier dysfunction, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, we summarize the impact of MALAT1 on the susceptibility and severity of IS. This review highlights the potential risks associated with the therapeutic use of MALAT1 for IS, which are attributable to the stimulatory action of MALAT1 on ischemia/reperfusion injury. Ultimately, this review sheds light on the potential molecular mechanisms and associated signaling pathways underlying MALAT1 expression post-IS, with the aim of uncovering potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Arash Moalemnia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Omid Anbiyaee
- School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Shahab Ghaderi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Zheng W, Wang L, Geng S, Xu T. CircYthdc2 generates polypeptides through two translation strategies to facilitate virus escape. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:91. [PMID: 38361078 PMCID: PMC10869389 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
It is known that about 10 circular RNAs (circRNAs) can encode functional polypeptides in higher mammals. However, it is not clear whether the functional polypeptides that can be translated by circRNAs are only the products of the evolution of higher animals, or also widely exist in other lower organisms. In addition, it is also unclear whether the two ways of translating polypeptides using IRES and m6A in the one circRNA are exclusive or coexistent. Here, we discovered a novel circRNA derived from the 3'-5' RNA helicase Ythdc2 (Ythdc2) gene in lower vertebrate fish, namely circYthdc2, which can translate into a 170 amino acid polypeptide (Ythdc2-170aa) through IRES sequence or m6A modification, and is involved in antiviral immune of fish. Moreover, SCRV infection can promote circYthdc2 translate Ythdc2-170aa. Then, we found that both Ythdc2-170aa and Ythdc2 can promote the degradation of STING by promoting the ubiquitination modification of K11 and K48 link of STING, and weaken the host's antiviral innate immunity. Notably, when circYthdc2 is abundant, Ythdc2 preferentially degrades circYthdc2 and no longer promotes the degradation of STING. Further studies have shown that circYthdc2 is highly conserved from lower vertebrates to higher mammals, and human circYthdc2 can also encode the same polypeptide and play a similar function to that of fish circYthdc2. This discovery confirms for the first time that the ability of circRNA to encode functional proteins is evolutionarily conserved, and finds that the ways of polypeptide translation by the same circRNA were diverse, which is of great significance for further elucidating the function and evolution of circRNAs in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zheng
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linchao Wang
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shang Geng
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China.
- Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-Gang Special Area, Shanghai, China.
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Mehta SL, Arruri V, Vemuganti R. Role of transcription factors, noncoding RNAs, epitranscriptomics, and epigenetics in post-ischemic neuroinflammation. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38279529 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Post-stroke neuroinflammation is pivotal in brain repair, yet persistent inflammation can aggravate ischemic brain damage and hamper recovery. Following stroke, specific molecules released from brain cells attract and activate central and peripheral immune cells. These immune cells subsequently release diverse inflammatory molecules within the ischemic brain, initiating a sequence of events, including activation of transcription factors in different brain cell types that modulate gene expression and influence outcomes; the interactive action of various noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) to regulate multiple biological processes including inflammation, epitranscriptomic RNA modification that controls RNA processing, stability, and translation; and epigenetic changes including DNA methylation, hydroxymethylation, and histone modifications crucial in managing the genic response to stroke. Interactions among these events further affect post-stroke inflammation and shape the depth of ischemic brain damage and functional outcomes. We highlighted these aspects of neuroinflammation in this review and postulate that deciphering these mechanisms is pivotal for identifying therapeutic targets to alleviate post-stroke dysfunction and enhance recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh L Mehta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Vijay Arruri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Gao Y, Fang C, Wang J, Ye Y, Li Y, Xu Q, Kang X, Gu L. Neuroinflammatory Biomarkers in the Brain, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Blood After Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5117-5136. [PMID: 37258724 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The most frequent type of stroke, known as ischemic stroke (IS), is a significant global public health issue. The pathological process of IS and post-IS episodes has not yet been fully explored, but neuroinflammation has been identified as one of the key processes. Biomarkers are objective indicators used to assess normal or pathological processes, evaluate responses to treatment, and predict outcomes, and some biomarkers can also be used as therapeutic targets. After IS, various molecules are produced by different cell types, such as microglia, astrocytes, infiltrating leukocytes, endothelial cells, and damaged neurons, that participate in the neuroinflammatory response within the ischemic brain region. These molecules may either promote or inhibit neuroinflammation and may be released into extracellular spaces, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood, due to reasons such as BBB damage. These neuroinflammatory molecules should be valued as biomarkers to monitor whether their expression levels in the blood, CSF, and brain correlate with the diagnosis and prognosis of IS patients or whether they have potential as therapeutic targets. In addition, although some molecules do not directly participate in the process of neuroinflammation, they have been reported to have potential diagnostic or therapeutic value against post-IS neuroinflammation, and these molecules will also be listed. In this review, we summarize the neuroinflammatory biomarkers in the brain, CSF, and blood after an IS episode and the potential value of these biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of IS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Gao
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Congcong Fang
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yingze Ye
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yina Li
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qingxue Xu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xianhui Kang
- Department of Anesthesia, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Kui L, Li Z, Wang G, Li X, Zhao F, Jiao Y. CircPDS5B Reduction Improves Angiogenesis Following Ischemic Stroke by Regulating MicroRNA-223-3p/NOTCH2 Axis. Neurol Genet 2023; 9:e200074. [PMID: 37152444 PMCID: PMC10162703 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Ischemic stroke (IS) is responsible for major causes of global death and disability, for which promoting angiogenesis is a promising therapeutic strategy. This study analyzed circular RNA PDS5B (circPDS5B) and its related mechanisms in angiogenesis in IS. Methods In the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) mouse model, circPDS5B, microRNA (miR)-223-3p, and NOTCH2 levels were checked. By testing neurologic function, neuronal apoptosis, and expression of angiogenesis-related proteins in pMCAO mice, the protective effects of circPDS5B knockdown were probed. In human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions, the effects of circPDS5B, miR-223-3p, and NOTCH2 on angiogenesis were studied by measuring cellular activities. Results The increase of circPDS5B and NOTCH2 expression and the decrease of miR-223-3p expression were examined in pMCAO mice. Reducing circPDS5B expression indicated protection against neurologic dysfunction, apoptosis, and angiogenesis impairment. For circPDS5B-depleted or miR-223-3p-restored HBMECs under OGD treatment, angiogenesis was promoted. MiR-223-3p inhibition-associated reduction of angiogenesis could be counteracted by knocking down NOTCH2. CircPDS5B depletion-induced angiogenesis in OGD-conditioned HBMECs was repressed after overexpressing NOTCH2. Discussion In IS, the expression of circPDS5B was upregulated, and miR-223-3p inhibited HBMECs activity and promoted NOTCH2 expression, thus promoting IS. CircPDS5B reduction improves angiogenesis following ischemic stroke by regulating microRNA-223-3p/NOTCH2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Kui
- Dehong People's Hospital (Z.L., F.Z.), Mangshi; Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital (L.K., G.W., Y.J.), Shenzhen; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and State Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data in Yunnan Province (X.L.), Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zongyu Li
- Dehong People's Hospital (Z.L., F.Z.), Mangshi; Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital (L.K., G.W., Y.J.), Shenzhen; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and State Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data in Yunnan Province (X.L.), Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Guoyun Wang
- Dehong People's Hospital (Z.L., F.Z.), Mangshi; Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital (L.K., G.W., Y.J.), Shenzhen; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and State Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data in Yunnan Province (X.L.), Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuzhen Li
- Dehong People's Hospital (Z.L., F.Z.), Mangshi; Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital (L.K., G.W., Y.J.), Shenzhen; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and State Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data in Yunnan Province (X.L.), Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Dehong People's Hospital (Z.L., F.Z.), Mangshi; Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital (L.K., G.W., Y.J.), Shenzhen; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and State Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data in Yunnan Province (X.L.), Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yinming Jiao
- Dehong People's Hospital (Z.L., F.Z.), Mangshi; Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital (L.K., G.W., Y.J.), Shenzhen; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and State Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data in Yunnan Province (X.L.), Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Xiaoqing S, Yinghua C, Xingxing Y. The autophagy in ischemic stroke: A regulatory role of non-coding-RNAs. Cell Signal 2023; 104:110586. [PMID: 36608737 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a central nervous system neurological disorder ascribed to an acute focal trauma, with high mortality and disability, leading to a heavy burden on family and society. Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which damaged organelles and useless proteins are recycled to maintain cellular homeostasis, and plays a pivotal role in the process of IS. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly contains microRNA, long non-coding RNA and circular RNA, have been extensively investigated on regulation of autophagy in human diseases. Recent studies have implied that ncRNAs-regulating autophagy participates in pathophysiological process of IS, including cell apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier damage and glial activation, which indicates that regulating autophagy by ncRNAs may be beneficial for IS treatment. This review summarizes the role of autophagy in IS, as well as focuses on the role of ncRNAs-mediated autophagy in IS, for the development of potential therapeutic strategies in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Xiaoqing
- The Fifth Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, PR China
| | - Chen Yinghua
- The Fifth Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, PR China.
| | - Yuan Xingxing
- Heilongjiang University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, PR China; Department of internal medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China.
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7
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Thapa K, Shivam K, Khan H, Kaur A, Dua K, Singh S, Singh TG. Emerging Targets for Modulation of Immune Response and Inflammation in Stroke. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1663-1690. [PMID: 36763312 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03875-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory and immunological responses play a significant role after stroke. The innate immune activation stimulated by microglia during stroke results in the migration of macrophages and lymphocytes into the brain and are responsible for tissue damage. The immune response and inflammation following stroke have no defined targets, and the intricacies of the immunological and inflammatory processes are only partially understood. Innate immune cells enter the brain and meninges during the acute phase, which can cause ischemia damage. Activation of systemic immunity is caused by danger signals sent into the bloodstream by injured brain cells, which is followed by a significant immunodepression that encourages life-threatening infections. Neuropsychiatric sequelae, a major source of post-stroke morbidity, may be induced by an adaptive immune response that is initiated by antigen presentation during the chronic period and is directed against the brain. Thus, the current review discusses the role of immune response and inflammation in stroke pathogenesis, their role in the progression of injury during the stroke, and the emerging targets for the modulation of the mechanism of immune response and inflammation that may have possible therapeutic benefits against stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Thapa
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.,School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Kumar Shivam
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.
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8
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Chen JM, Li XL, Yang Ye, Xu SM, Chen QF, Xu JW. Competing endogenous RNA network analysis of the molecular mechanisms of ischemic stroke. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:67. [PMID: 36755220 PMCID: PMC9906963 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke (IS) is a serious neurological disease that largely results in long-term disability and death. Extensive evidence has indicated that the activation of inflammation and ferroptosis significantly contribute to the development of IS pathology. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify potential biomarkers associated with IS through the construction of a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and to investigate the possible inflammatory and ferroptosis-related molecular mechanisms. RESULTS We identified 178 differentially expressed target messenger RNAs (DETmRNAs) associated with IS. As revealed through enrichment analysis, the DEmRNAs were mainly enriched in the inflammatory signaling pathways and also related to ferroptosis mechanism. The CIBERSORT algorithm showed immune infiltration landscapes in which the naïve B cells, naïve T cells, and monocytes had statistically different numbers in the cerebral infarction group compared with the control group. A ceRNA network was constructed in this study involving 44 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), 15 microRNAs (miRNAs), and 160 messenger RNAs (mRNAs). We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to identify three miRNAs (miR-103a-3p, miR-140-3p, and miR-17-5p), one mRNA (TLR4), and one lncRNA (NEAT1) as the potential key biomarkers of the ceRNA network. The key mRNA and lncRNA were shown to be highly related to the ferroptosis mechanism of IS. The expression of these key biomarkers was also further validated by a method of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in SH-SY5Y cells, and the validated results were consistent with the findings predicted by bioinformatics. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the ceRNA network may exert an important role in the inflammatory and ferroptosis molecular mechanisms of IS, providing new insight into therapeutic IS targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Min Chen
- grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian China ,grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Xiao-Lu Li
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Yang Ye
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Sen-Ming Xu
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Qing-Fa Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Jian-Wen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Yang K, Zeng L, Ge A, Wang S, Zeng J, Yuan X, Mei Z, Wang G, Ge J. A systematic review of the research progress of non-coding RNA in neuroinflammation and immune regulation in cerebral infarction/ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:930171. [PMID: 36275741 PMCID: PMC9585453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.930171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral infarction/ischemia-reperfusion injury is currently the disease with the highest mortality and disability rate of cardiovascular disease. Current studies have shown that nerve cells die of ischemia several hours after ischemic stroke, which activates the innate immune response in the brain, promotes the production of neurotoxic substances such as inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species and − nitrogen oxide, and mediates the destruction of blood-brain barrier and the occurrence of a series of inflammatory cascade reactions. Meanwhile, the expression of adhesion molecules in cerebral vascular endothelial cells increased, and immune inflammatory cells such as polymorphonuclear neutrophils, lymphocytes and mononuclear macrophages passed through vascular endothelial cells and entered the brain tissue. These cells recognize antigens exposed by the central nervous system in the brain, activate adaptive immune responses, and further mediate secondary neuronal damage, aggravating neurological deficits. In order to reduce the above-mentioned damage, the body induces peripheral immunosuppressive responses through negative feedback, which increases the incidence of post-stroke infection. This process is accompanied by changes in the immune status of the ischemic brain tissue in local and systemic systems. A growing number of studies implicate noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) as novel epigenetic regulatory elements in the dysfunction of various cell subsets in the neurovascular unit after cerebral infarction/ischemia-reperfusion injury. In particular, recent studies have revealed advances in ncRNA biology that greatly expand the understanding of epigenetic regulation of immune responses and inflammation after cerebral infarction/ischemia-reperfusion injury. Identification of aberrant expression patterns and associated biological effects of ncRNAs in patients revealed their potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cerebral infarction/ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, this review systematically presents recent studies on the involvement of ncRNAs in cerebral infarction/ischemia-reperfusion injury and neuroimmune inflammatory cascades, and elucidates the functions and mechanisms of cerebral infarction/ischemia-reperfusion-related ncRNAs, providing new opportunities for the discovery of disease biomarkers and targeted therapy. Furthermore, this review introduces clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Display as a possible transformative tool for studying lncRNAs. In the future, ncRNA is expected to be used as a target for diagnosing cerebral infarction/ischemia-reperfusion injury, judging its prognosis and treatment, thereby significantly improving the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Anqi Ge
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jinsong Zeng
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Guozuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jinwen Ge,
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Wang C, Luo Y, Tang H, Yan Y, Chang X, Zhao R, Li Q, Yang P, Hong B, Xu Y, Huang Q, Liu J. Hsa_circ_0031608: A Potential Modulator of VSMC Phenotype in the Rupture of Intracranial Aneurysms. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:842865. [PMID: 35359572 PMCID: PMC8963354 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.842865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays an important role in the development of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). Growing evidence has demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) may serve as a potential modulator of VSMC phenotype in various vascular diseases. This study aimed to assess the potential function of circRNAs in the rupture of IAs and VSMC phenotypic modulation. Methods Using surgically dissected human ruptured (n = 8) and unruptured (n = 8) IA lesions, differentially expressed circRNAs were screened by transcriptomic sequencing and verified using qRT-PCR. Based on the screened circRNA, we predicted and screened the combined miRNA and downstream mRNAs to construct circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks. Further in vitro experiments were performed to investigate the relationship between the validated circRNA and the phenotypic switching of VSMCs. Results We found 1,373 differentially expressed genes in ruptured versus unruptured aneurysms. The top five dysregulated circRNAs were selected for qRT-PCR validation. We found hsa_circ_0031608 was both highly expressed in ruptured IAs and pro-inflammatory transformation of VSMCs. Then, a regulatory circRNA-miRNA-mRNA with one circRNA node, six miRNA nodes, and 84 mRNA nodes was constructed. GO analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed on mRNAs in the network. Then, a PPI network was built based on these mRNAs and five hub genes were identified (FOXO3, DICER1, CCND2, IGF1R, and TNRC6B) by the cytoHubba plugin in Cytoscape software. In vitro, overexpression of hsa_circ_0031608 influenced the expression of VSMC phenotypic markers validated by qPCR and Western blotting. Furthermore, hsa_circ_0031608 promoted the migration and proliferation capacity of VSMCs. Conclusion hsa_circ_0031608 regulated the phenotypic modulation of VSMCs and played an important role in the rupture of IAs. The specific mechanism should be further studied and confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanchuan Wang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Luo
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haishuang Tang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Yazhou Yan
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, 971 Hospital of PLA, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaozan Chang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Hong
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghai Huang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Ryan F, Khoshnam SE, Khodagholi F, Ashabi G, Ahmadiani A. How cytosolic compartments play safeguard functions against neuroinflammation and cell death in cerebral ischemia. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1445-1467. [PMID: 34173922 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of mortality and disability globally. Neuronal damage following ischemic stroke is rapid and irreversible, and eventually results in neuronal death. In addition to activation of cell death signaling, neuroinflammation is also considered as another pathogenesis that can occur within hours after cerebral ischemia. Under physiological conditions, subcellular organelles play a substantial role in neuronal functionality and viability. However, their functions can be remarkably perturbed under neurological disorders, particularly cerebral ischemia. Therefore, their biochemical and structural response has a determining role in the sequel of neuronal cells and the progression of disease. However, their effects on cell death and neuroinflammation, as major underlying mechanisms of ischemic stroke, are still not understood. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the contribution of each organelle on these pathological processes after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fari Ryan
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Centre, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 1417613151, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Yang D, Li Z, Gao G, Li X, Liao Z, Wang Y, Li W, Zhang Y, Liu W. Combined Analysis of Surface Protein Profile and microRNA Expression Profile of Exosomes Derived from Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Early Cerebral Ischemia. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:22410-22421. [PMID: 34497930 PMCID: PMC8412952 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell damage is an important pathological basis for the deterioration of acute ischemia stroke. Our previous studies have been exploring the mechanism of blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cell injury in the early stage of cerebral ischemia. Exosomes act as an important intercellular player in neurovascular communication. However, the characteristic of exosomes derived from BBB endothelial cells in early ischemic stroke is poorly understood. We exposed cultured brain microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3) to 3 h oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) to mimic early cerebral ischemia in vitro and compared miRome and surface protein contents of exosomes derived from bEnd.3 cells by miRNA sequencing and the proximity barcoding assay (PBA). A total of 346 differentially miRNA (159 upregulated and 187 downregulated) were identified via miRNA-Seq in bEnd.3 cells after exposure to OGD for 3 h. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses showed that cell proliferation- and angiogenesis-associated miRNAs were significantly affected. The abnormal changes in top eight miRNAs were further verified by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). PBA experiments showed that the numbers of exosomes carrying the following proteins increased significantly under ischemia, including bFGF, CD146, EPHA2, ABCB5, and ITGB2. These proteins were related to angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and cell inflammation. The network analysis combining PBA data with miRNA-Seq data showed that 79 miRNAs were related to 24 membrane proteins and predicted that there were surface proteins associated with a variety of miRNA molecules, such as ITGA9, XIAP, ADAM1, ITGA2, ITGA3, PDPN, and ITGB1. Meanwhile, there were miRNAs related to various surface proteins including miR-410-3p, miR-378b, and miR-1960. Taken together, our data demonstrated for the first time the changes of exosomal miRNAs and surface protein profiles derived from ischemic microvascular endothelial cells, which may provide new therapeutic targets for BBB protection in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Yang
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/The First
Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
- The
Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People’s
Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Zongyang Li
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/The First
Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
- The
Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People’s
Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Guoqing Gao
- Department
of General Medicine, The Central Hospital
of Wulanchabu City, Wulanchabu 012000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/The First
Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
- The
Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People’s
Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Zijun Liao
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/The First
Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
- The
Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People’s
Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Yachao Wang
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/The First
Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
- The
Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People’s
Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/The First
Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/The First
Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
- The
Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People’s
Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
- Department
of Pathophysiology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China
| | - Wenlan Liu
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/The First
Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
- The
Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People’s
Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
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13
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Chavda V, Madhwani K. Coding and non-coding nucleotides': The future of stroke gene therapeutics. Genomics 2021; 113:1291-1307. [PMID: 33677059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the foremost cause of death ranked after heart disease and cancer. It is the fatal life-threatening event that requires immediate medical admissions to overcome following morbidity and mortality. The therapeutic advances in stroke therapy have been manipulated with diverse paths for last 5 years. Recent research and clinical trials have investigated a variety of anti-stroke agents including anti-coagulants, cerebro-protective agents, antiplatelet therapy, stem-cell therapy, and specified gene therapy. In recent advanced studies, genetic therapies including noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), Piwi interacting RNAs (PiWi RNAs) have shown better potential as targeted future therapeutics with a better outcome than conventional stroke therapeutics. The potential of targeted gene therapy is much more advanced in not only the induction of neuroprotection but also safer non-toxic targeted therapeutics. In the current state of the art review, we have focused on the recent advancements made towards the stroke with RNA modifications and targeted gene therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Chavda
- Department of Pharmacology, Nirma University, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India.
| | - Kajal Madhwani
- Department of Microbiology, Nirma University, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
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14
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Cao W, Zhang T, Wang L, Fu J, Jin H. Diagnostic performance of circulating MicroRNAs in acute ischemic stroke: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22353. [PMID: 33019412 PMCID: PMC7535693 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasing evidences showed differential expression of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), indicating that miRNAs might serve as promising biomakers in the diagnosis of AIS. However, their accuracy has not been systematically evaluated, so it is necessary to conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic value of miRNAs in AIS patients. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Medline, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) will be searched for the relevant studies that explored the potential diagnostic values of miRNAs in AIS patients from inception to August 2020. Data will be extracted by two researchers independently; risk of bias of the meta-analysis will be evaluated by the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2). Data will be synthesised and heterogeneity will be evaluated. All of the above statistical analysis will be performed using Stata V.15.0 and Meta-disc V.1.4. RESULTS This study will assess the pooled diagnostic performance of circulating miRNAs in AIS. CONCLUSION This study will clarify confusions about the specificity and sensitivity of circulating miRNAs in diagnosing AIS, which could further guide the promotion and application of them.Open Science Framework (OSF) registration number: 2020, August 19. https://osf.io/6tjf3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhai Cao
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Research, SouthWest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong
| | - Lizhen Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu
| | - Jing Fu
- School of Nursing, SouthWest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang
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