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Sivasubramanian BP, Dave M, Panchal V, Saifa-Bonsu J, Konka S, Noei F, Nagaraj S, Terpari U, Savani P, Vekaria PH, Samala Venkata V, Manjani L. Comprehensive Review of Red Meat Consumption and the Risk of Cancer. Cureus 2023; 15:e45324. [PMID: 37849565 PMCID: PMC10577092 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Red and processed meat consumption rates are increasing in the United States. In this review, we present the current evidence that links red meat consumption and cancer development. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to review red meat consumption and its association with breast cancer and gastrointestinal cancer. Due to the presence of heme iron, which triggers oxidative reactions that eventually result in tumor formation, red meat consumption is strongly associated with the development of breast cancer. Ingestion of red meat increases Helicobacter pylori infections, resulting in enhanced expression of the CagA gene and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This is the leading cause of gastric cancer. There is a strong correlation between heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in red meat and the development of pancreatic cancer. However, additional research is necessary to confirm this finding. Adult colorectal cancer is caused by the formation of heterocyclic amines and DNA adducts due to the intake of red and processed meats cooked at higher temperatures. The consumption of poultry is associated with a reduced risk of breast and gastrointestinal cancers, but the results are inconsistent. The evidence is strong for the association between red meat and breast cancer and most gastric cancers. The presence of aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic amines, and heme iron in red meat has been found to be behind tumorigenesis. Poultry has been shown to have a low association with cancer, but additional research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barath Prashanth Sivasubramanian
- Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
- Internal Medicine, Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College (ESIC-MC) & Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (PGIMSR), Chennai, IND
| | - Mihir Dave
- Internal Medicine, Medical College Baroda, Vadodara, IND
| | - Viraj Panchal
- Internal Medicine, Smt. Nathiba Hargovandas Lakhmichand Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | | | - Srujana Konka
- Internal Medicine, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagunur, IND
| | - Farahnaz Noei
- Internal Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, CAN
| | | | | | - Priya Savani
- Internal Medicine, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education & Research, Surat, IND
| | | | | | - Lokesh Manjani
- Internal Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, USA
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Ghorbani Z, Kazemi A, Shoaibinobarian N, Taylor K, Noormohammadi M. Overall, plant-based, or animal-based low carbohydrate diets and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:101997. [PMID: 37419282 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we sought to summarize the associations between overall, plant-, and animal-based low carbohydrate diet (LCD) scores and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality from prospective cohort studies. METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to January 2022. We included prospective cohort studies that investigated the relationship between LCD-score and risk of overall, CVD, or cancer mortality. Two investigators assessed the studies for eligibility and extracted the data. Summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random-effects model. RESULTS Ten studies, with 421022 participants, were included in the analysis. In the high-versus-low meta-analysis, overall (HR:1.05,95%CI:0.97, 1.13, I2 =72.0%) and animal-based LCD-scores (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.97-1.21; I2 = 88.0%) were not associated with all-cause mortality, but plant-based LCD-score was associated with a risk reduction (HR:0.87, 95%CI:0.78,0.97; I2 = 88.4%). CVD mortality was not associated with overall, plant-, or animal-based LCD-scores. Overall (HR:1.14, 95%CI:1.05,1.24; I2 = 37.4%) and animal-based LCD scores (HR:1.16,95%CI:1.02,1.31; I2 = 73.7%) were associated with a higher risk of cancer mortality, while plant-based LCD-score was not. A U-shaped relationship was revealed between overall LCD-score and all-cause and CVD mortality. The shape of relationship between LCD and cancer mortality was a linear dose-response. CONCLUSION In conclusion, diets with a moderate carbohydrate content were associated with the lowest risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. If the sources of macronutrients that replaced carbohydrates were plant-based, the risk of all-cause mortality was reduced linearly with lower carbohydrate content. The risk of cancer mortality increased linearly with the increase in carbohydrate content. Considering the low certainty of evidence, more robust prospective cohort studies are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ghorbani
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Asma Kazemi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Nargeskhatoon Shoaibinobarian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences and Technologies, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kate Taylor
- School of Health Professions, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Morvarid Noormohammadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhong GC, Zhu Q, Cai D, Hu JJ, Dai X, Gong JP, Sun WP. Ultra-processed food consumption and the risk of pancreatic cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:835-844. [PMID: 36094042 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Whether ultra-processed food consumption is associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer has not been determined. We performed a prospective study to fill this gap. A population-based cohort of 98 265 American adults was identified from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Ultra-processed foods were defined by the NOVA classification. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for pancreatic cancer incidence. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify the potential effect modifiers. During a mean follow-up of 8.86 years, 387 pancreatic cancer cases occurred. High consumption of ultra-processed foods was found to be associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer (fully adjusted HRquartile 4 vs 1 :1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-2.07; Ptrend = .021) in a linear dose-response manner (Pnonlinearity = .075). Subgroup analysis further found that the positive association of ultra-processed food consumption with the risk of pancreatic cancer was more pronounced in subjects aged <65 years (HRquartile 4 vs 1 :2.17; 95% CI: 1.14-4.15) than in those aged ≥65 years (HRquartile 4 vs 1 :1.32; 95% CI: 0.88-1.94), though the interaction test failed to achieve the statistical significance (Pinteraction = .061). These findings suggest that reducing ultra-processed food consumption may be beneficial in decreasing pancreatic cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Chao Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie-Jun Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-Ping Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhong GC, Zhu Q, Gong JP, Cai D, Hu JJ, Dai X, Gong JH. Fried food consumption and the risk of pancreatic cancer: A large prospective multicenter study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:889303. [PMID: 35958255 PMCID: PMC9362838 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.889303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Whether fried food consumption is associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer remains elusive. We aimed to examine this association in a US population. Methods A population-based cohort of 101,729 US adults was identified. Fried food consumption was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Explanatory analyses were conducted to identify main contributor(s) to the observed association. Results During an average follow-up of 8.86 years (900871.2 person-years), 402 pancreatic cancer cases occurred. High consumption of total fried foods (deep-fried plus pan-fried foods; HRquartile4 vs. 1 0.71, 95% CI 0.51-0.99, P trend = 0.047) and deep-fried foods (HRquartile 4 vs. 1 0.64, 95% CI 0.47-0.88, P trend = 0.011), but not pan-fried foods (HRquartile 4 vs. 1 0.98, 95% CI 0.73-1.32; P trend = 0.815), was found to be associated with a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer in a non-linear dose-response manner, which was not modified by predefined stratification factors and persisted in sensitivity analyses. In explanatory analyses, only chip consumption was found to be inversely associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer; consistently, the initial significant associations between total fried food and deep-fried food consumption and the risk of pancreatic cancer changed to be non-significant after omitting or further adjusting for chip consumption. Conclusion Consumption of deep-fried foods, but not pan-fried foods, is inversely associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer in this US population. The role of deep-fried foods in reducing the risk of pancreatic cancer appears to be mainly attributable to chips. More studies are needed to confirm our findings in other populations and settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Chao Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie-Jun Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-Hua Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Nucci D, Santangelo OE, Provenzano S, Fatigoni C, Nardi M, Ferrara P, Gianfredi V. Dietary Fiber Intake and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111556. [PMID: 34770068 PMCID: PMC8583332 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The burden of pancreatic cancer varies greatly across countries, with the number of deaths, incident cases, and disability-adjusted life years more than doubling in recent years, and with high-income countries having the highest incidence and mortality rates. We conducted this systematic review with meta-analysis with the goal of summarizing the current evidence on dietary fiber intake and its role in reducing the risk of pancreatic cancer, given the importance of identifying risk factors. This systematic review followed the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration and the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020. The structured literature search was conducted on PubMed/Medline and Scopus, combining free text words and medical subject headings. Our review contained 18 records at the end of the process. Our results show that dietary fiber intake reduces the risk of pancreatic cancer. When the analysis was differentiated according to the type of fiber considered, sub-grouped by gender (reduction of around 60% among women), and when case-control studies were conducted, the strength of the association increased. Clinicians and policymakers should improve interventions to raise the population's awareness regarding the consumption of high-fiber diets, both in practice and in terms of public health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Nucci
- Nutritional Support Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (D.N.); (M.N.)
| | | | | | - Cristina Fatigoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Mariateresa Nardi
- Nutritional Support Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (D.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Pietro Ferrara
- Center for Public Health Research, University of Milan—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Value-Based Healthcare Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20099 Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Vincenza Gianfredi
- School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6211 Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Huang BZ, Wang S, Bogumil D, Wilkens LR, Wu L, Blot WJ, Zheng W, Shu XO, Pandol SJ, Le Marchand L, Setiawan VW. Red meat consumption, cooking mutagens, NAT1/2 genotypes and pancreatic cancer risk in two ethnically diverse prospective cohorts. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:10.1002/ijc.33598. [PMID: 33844845 PMCID: PMC8594451 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is limited evidence on the association between red meat consumption and pancreatic cancer among ethnic minorities. We assessed this relationship in two large prospective cohorts: the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC) and the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS). Demographic, dietary and other risk factor data were collected at cohort entry. Red meat intake was assessed using cohort-specific validated food frequency questionnaires. Incident pancreatic cancer cases were identified via linkages to state cancer registries. Cox regression was used to calculate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of red meat intake with pancreatic cancer risk in each cohort. We performed additional analyses to evaluate cooking methods, mutagens and effect modification by NAT1/2 genotypes. From a total of 184 542 (MEC) and 66 793 (SCCS) at-risk participants, we identified 1618 (MEC) and 266 (SCCS) incident pancreatic cancer cases. Red meat consumption was associated with pancreatic cancer risk in the MEC (RRQ4vsQ1 1.18, 95% CI 1.02-1.37) and with borderline statistical significance in the SCCS (RRQ4vsQ1 1.31, 95% CI 0.93-1.86). This association was significant in African Americans (RRQ4vsQ1 1.49, 95% CI 1.06-2.11) and Latinos (RRQ4vsQ1 1.44, 95% CI 1.02-2.04) in the MEC, and among African Americans (RRQ4vsQ1 1.55, 95% CI 1.03-2.33) in the SCCS. NAT2 genotypes appeared to modify the relationship between red meat and pancreatic cancer in the MEC (pinteraction = 0.03). Our findings suggest that the associations for red meat may be strongest in African Americans and Latinos. The mechanisms underlying the increased risk for these populations should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Z. Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Songren Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David Bogumil
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Lang Wu
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - William J. Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Department of Veterans Affairs, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Veronica Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
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7
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Gao Y, Ma Y, Yu M, Li G, Chen Y, Li X, Chen X, Xie Y, Wang X. Poultry and Fish Intake and Pancreatic Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:55-67. [PMID: 33432844 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1869276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although several epidemiological studies have investigated associations between poultry and fish consumption and pancreatic cancer (PC) risk, these findings have been inconsistent. The present study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate these associations. We retrieved Eligible cohort studies and case-control studies published before February 2020 from the Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library and applied a random or fixed effects model to calculate the pooled relative risk (RR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Publication bias was detected using funnel plots, Begg's test, and Egger's test, and the study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. We included 25 studies in the analyses. The pooled RR of PC for the highest vs. lowest poultry intake category was 1.14 (95% CI: 1.02-1.26) in cohort studies. There was no appreciable link between fish intake and PC risk (RR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.93-1.07). Our results suggest that large amount of poultry intake may increase PC risk, while fish intake is unlikely to be linked to PC risk. These links require further investigation, particularly between poultry and PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Ma
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingwei Yu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangda Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjie Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Chi ZC. Research status and prgoress of nonalcoholic fatty pancreatic disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2020; 28:933-950. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v28.i19.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty pancreatic disease (NAFPD) is a disease characterized by an increase in pancreatic fat accumulation. It is a component of the metabolic syndrome and often coexists with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Once the diagnosis is established, it is closely related to acute and chronic pancreatitis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, pancreatic fibrosis, and pancreatic cancer. In recent years, it has been confirmed that NAFPD is closely related to cardiovascular disease, liver fibrosis, and liver cancer. The prevalence of NAFPD ranges between 11% and 69%, and increases with age. It is worth noting that the prevalence in obese children is twice as high as that in non-obese children. The high prevalence rate and complexity of the disease have aroused people's high attention. Therefore, to improve the understanding of NAFPD, fully understand the clinical significance of NAFPD, and further study its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment require the collaboration and joint efforts of multiple disciplines, including hepatopathy, gastroenterology, endocrine metabolism, cardiovascular disease, imaging, pathology, and others. In this paper, we review the clinical significance, pathogenesis, and imaging diagnosis of NAFPD and propose our personal understanding of the key points in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Chun Chi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China
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9
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Pancreatic Cancer and Obesity: Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Transformation and Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113331. [PMID: 30366466 PMCID: PMC6274743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and obesity are the two major epidemics of the 21st century. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of death, with a five-year overall survival rate of only 8%. Its incidence and mortality have increased in recent years, and this cancer type is expected to be among the top five leading causes of cancer-related death by 2030 in the United States (US). In the last three decades, the prevalence of overweight people has boosted with a consequent increase in obesity-related diseases. Considerable epidemiologic evidence correlates overweight and obese conditions to an increased risk of several types of cancer, including PDAC. Besides being a risk factor for multiple metabolic disorders, the tumor-promoting effects of obesity occur at the local level via inflammatory mediators that are associated with adipose inflammation and metabolic or hormones mediators and microbiota dysbiosis. Although an excess of body mass index (BMI) represents the second most modifiable risk factor for PDAC with an increased cancer related-death of more than 20–40%, still little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie this strong association. In this review, we focused on the role of obesity as a preventable risk factor of PDAC, discussing the molecular mechanisms linking obesity to cancer initiation and progression. Moreover, we highlighted the role of obesity in defining chemoresistance, showing how a high BMI can actually reduce response to chemotherapy.
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10
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Abdelrehim MG, Mahfouz EM, Ewis AA, Seedhom AE, Afifi HM, Shebl FM. Dietary Factors Associated with Pancreatic Cancer Risk in
Minia, Egypt: Principal Component Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:449-455. [PMID: 29480075 PMCID: PMC5980933 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.2.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a serious and rapidly progressing malignancy. Identifying risk factors including dietary elements is important to develop preventive strategies. This study focused on possible links between diet and PC. Methods: We conducted a case-control study including all PC patients diagnosed at Minia Cancer Center and controls from general population from June 2014 to December 2015. Dietary data were collected directly through personal interviews. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify dietary groups. The data were analyzed using crude odds ratios (ORs) and multivariable logistic regression with adjusted ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 75 cases and 149 controls were included in the study. PCA identified six dietary groups, labeled as cereals and grains, vegetables, proteins, dairy products, fruits, and sugars. Bivariate analysis showed that consumption of vegetables, fruits, sugars, and total energy intake were associated with change in PC risk. In multivariable-adjusted models comparing highest versus lowest levels of intake, we observed significant lower odds of PC in association with vegetable intake (OR 0.24; 95% CI, 0.07-0.85, P=0.012) and a higher likelihood with the total energy intake (OR 9.88; 95% CI, 2.56-38.09, P<0.0001). There was also a suggested link between high fruit consumption and reduced odds of PC. Conclusions: The study supports the association between dietary factors and the odds of PC development in Egypt. It was found that higher energy intake is associated with an increase in likelihood of PC, while increased vegetable consumption is associated with a lower odds ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa G Abdelrehim
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.,Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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11
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Zheng J, Guinter MA, Merchant AT, Wirth MD, Zhang J, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Steck SE. Dietary patterns and risk of pancreatic cancer: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2018; 75:883-908. [PMID: 29025004 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Pancreatic cancer has the highest case fatality rate of all major cancers. Objective A systematic review using PRISMA guidelines was conducted to summarize the associations between dietary patterns and risk of pancreatic cancer. Data Sources PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for case-control and cohort studies published up to June 15, 2016. Study Selection Eligible studies included a dietary pattern as exposure and pancreatic cancer incidence or mortality as outcome and reported odds ratios, hazard ratios, or relative risks, along with corresponding 95%CIs. Data Extraction Important characteristics of each study, along with the dietary assessment instrument, the component foods or nutrients included in each dietary pattern or the scoring algorithm of a priori dietary patterns, were presented. For each dietary pattern identified, the estimate of association and the 95%CI comparing the highest versus the lowest category from the model with the most covariate adjustment were reported. Results A total of 16 studies were identified. Among the 8 studies that examined data-driven dietary patterns, significant positive associations were found between pancreatic cancer risk and the Animal Products, Starch Rich, and Western dietary patterns, with effect estimates ranging from 1.69 to 2.40. Significant inverse relationships were found between risk of pancreatic cancer and dietary patterns designated as Fruits and Vegetables, Vitamins and Fiber, and Prudent, with effect estimates ranging from 0.51 to 0.55. Eight studies of a priori dietary patterns consistently suggested that improved dietary quality was associated with reduced risk of pancreatic cancer. Conclusions Better diet quality is associated with reduced risk of pancreatic cancer. The associations between dietary patterns and pancreatic cancer were stronger in case-control studies than in cohort studies and were stronger among men than among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mark A Guinter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Anwar T Merchant
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael D Wirth
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Rachael Z Stolzenberg-Solomon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan E Steck
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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12
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Alizadeh S, Shab-Bidar S, Mohtavinejad N, Djafarian K. A posteriori dietary patterns and risk of pancreatic and renal cancers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/nfs-03-2017-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Dietary patterns have been used to explore the association between dietary factors and risk of pancreatic cancer (PC) and renal cancer (RC); however, the association remains unclear. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively review these associations.
Design/methodology/approach
Pertinent studies published prior to March 2016 were systematically searched and retrieved through PubMed and Scopus databases. Adjusted risk estimates were derived by comparing the highest with the lowest categories of dietary pattern scores and were combined by using the fixed-effects model when no substantial heterogeneity was observed; otherwise, the random-effects model was used.
Findings
A total of nine studies, five for PC (including 2,059 cases and 41,774 participants/controls) and four for RC (with 1,327 cases and 53,007 participants/controls), were included in this meta-analysis. A decreased risk of PC was shown for the highest compared with the lowest categories of the healthy dietary pattern (OR = 0.72, 95 per cent CI = 0.51-0.94, random effects (p-value for heterogeneity = 0.004)), whereas no significant association with Western dietary was observed (OR = 1.16, 95 per cent CI = 0.87-1.44, fixed effects). In the overall analysis, a significant association was found between the healthy dietary pattern and reduced risk of RC (OR = 0.59, 95 per cent CI = 0.48-0.71, fixed effects (p-value for heterogeneity = 0.459)), whereas the Western pattern was positively associated with risk of RC (OR = 1.42, 95 per cent CI = 1.14-1.69, fixed effects). For both cancers, the reduced risk associated with the healthy pattern was restricted to case-control, but not cohort, studies. Furthermore, drinking pattern was significantly related to reduced risk of RC (OR = 0.68, 95 per cent CI = 0.42-0.94).
Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge, the present study is the first English document to summarize systematically the findings from observational studies in response to this question whether a posteriori dietary patterns are associated with susceptibility to the risk of renal and ovarian cancers.
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13
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Ganesan K, Sukalingam K, Xu B. Impact of consumption of repeatedly heated cooking oils on the incidence of various cancers- A critical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:488-505. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1379470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Ganesan
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University – Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Kumeshini Sukalingam
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University – Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University – Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
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14
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Zhao Z, Yin Z, Pu Z, Zhao Q. Association Between Consumption of Red and Processed Meat and Pancreatic Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 15:486-493.e10. [PMID: 27693521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.09.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The relationship between consumption of red and processed meat and pancreatic cancer risk is inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze this relationship. METHODS We performed a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Science to identify studies that examined associations between consumption of different kinds of meat with pancreatic cancer and were published through February 2016. By using data from these articles, we associated level of consumption with cancer risk and performed subgroup, meta-regression, and publication bias analyses. RESULTS We collected and analyzed data from a total of 28 studies that involved 3,143,777 participants (11,325 consumers of red meat) and 2,904,866 participants (9955 consumers of processed meat). We observed statistically significant differences between consumers and non-consumers of these meats in case-control studies (red meat, P = .02; processed meat, P < .01) but not in cohort studies (red meat, P = .09; processed meat, P = .18). In cohort studies, a 100 g/day increase in red meat consumption was associated with significant increase in risk of pancreatic cancer (P = .01); a 50 g/day increase in processed meat consumption was not associated with significant increase in risk of pancreatic cancer (P = .90). In cohort studies, we observed associations in consumption of red meat by men and pancreatic cancer (P < .01) and consumption of processed meat by men and pancreatic cancer (P < .01) but no associations for women (red meat, P = .61; processed meat, P = .88). CONCLUSIONS In a systematic review and meta-analysis, we found case-control but not cohort studies to associate consumption of red and processed meat with risk of pancreatic cancer. However, in cohort studies, consumption of red and processed meat appeared to increase risk of pancreatic cancer in men but not in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwei Zhao
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zifang Yin
- Shaanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhongshu Pu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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15
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Weisbeck A, Jansen RJ. Nutrients and the Pancreas: An Epigenetic Perspective. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030283. [PMID: 28294968 PMCID: PMC5372946 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related deaths with a dismal average five-year survival rate of six percent. Substitutional progress has been made in understanding how pancreatic cancer develops and progresses. Evidence is mounting which demonstrates that diet and nutrition are key factors in carcinogenesis. In particular, diets low in folate and high in fruits, vegetables, red/processed meat, and saturated fat have been identified as pancreatic cancer risk factors with a proposed mechanism involving epigenetic modifications or gene regulation. We review the current literature assessing the correlation between diet, epigenetics, and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andee Weisbeck
- Department of Public Health, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA.
| | - Rick J Jansen
- Department of Public Health, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran B Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
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17
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Epidemiology of Pancreatic and Periampullary Cancer. Indian J Surg 2015; 77:358-61. [PMID: 26722197 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-015-1365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an important public health problem, although infrequent but with an exceptionally high mortality rate worldwide. Given that the majority of cancers occur in association with smoking, diabetes, pancreatitis, genetic factors, and others and with a growing population worldwide in mind, more cases would be expected in the near future giving further impetus to investigating prevention and treatment strategies to this international issue. The representative data on epidemiology of carcinoma of pancreas in India and Nepal are very poor. While there are many questions to be resolved, it is apparent that many facets of pancreatic cancer are becoming increasingly understood, and prospects for prevention are becoming apparent. Hence, screening research, recommendations, and implementation is an obvious priority. Although previous studies have contributed to the knowledge of carcinoma of pancreas epidemiology, such association needs to be further verified with proper epidemiological work. A new and global approach to the study of carcinoma of pancreas epidemiology is required if the disease prevention and treatment strategies are to be adequately directed and supported in the coming years. The collection and analysis of epidemiologic carcinoma of pancreas data will play a critical role in guiding future disease prevention strategies and optimizing patient management.
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