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Mathur A, Shams U, Mishra P, Sahu S, Goenka MK, Ghoshal U, Ghoshal UC. Post-infection irritable bowel syndrome following Coronavirus disease-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Gastroenterol 2024; 43:557-566. [PMID: 38261245 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-023-01486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Persistent gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are increasingly being recognized after Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Though quite a few studies addressed irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) following COVID-19, the disorders' prevalence varies greatly. We evaluated, (i) overall frequency of post-COVID-19 IBS, (ii) relative risk of development of IBS among COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls using systematic review and meta-analysis techniques. METHODS Literature search was performed for studies on GI symptoms and FGIDs after COVID-19 using electronic databases (Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar and Web of Science) till April 28, 2023. We included studies reporting IBS after COVID-19 with any duration of follow-up and any number of subjects. Studies on pediatric population and those not providing relevant information were excluded. Relative risk of development of IBS using Rome criteria among COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls was calculated. Analysis was done using MedCalc (Applied Math, Mariakerke, Belgium, version 7.2) and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3.3.070 (Biostat Inc. Englewood, NJ 07631, USA). RESULTS Of the available studies, 13 (four case-control) reporting on IBS after COVID-19 met inclusion criteria. Among 3950 COVID-19 patients and 991 controls, 7.2% of COVID-19 patients and 4.9% of healthy controls developed IBS. Of the four case-control studies reporting post-COVID-19 IBS, patients with COVID-19 were 2.65 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.538 to 13.039) times more likely to have post-COVID-19 IBS as compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Patients with COVID-19 are more likely to develop post-COVID-19 IBS than healthy controls. The heterogeneity of studies, different criteria used by various studies to diagnose post-COVID-19 IBS and some studies not meeting the six-month follow-up duration of the Rome criteria for diagnosing IBS are limitations of this systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Mathur
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Umair Shams
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Piyush Mishra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Shikha Sahu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Mahesh K Goenka
- Institute of Gastrosciences and Liver Transplantation, Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals, Kolkata, 700 054, India
| | - Ujjala Ghoshal
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Kalyani, 741 245, India
| | - Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India.
- Institute of Gastrosciences and Liver Transplantation, Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals, Kolkata, 700 054, India.
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Hosseinpouri A, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Gholizadeh E, Karbalaei R. A systems biology analysis of protein-protein interaction of digestive disorders and Covid-19 virus based on comprehensive gene information. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2022; 15:158-163. [PMID: 35845309 PMCID: PMC9275737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim Analysis of networks of digestive disorder and their relationship with Covid-19 based on systems biology methods, evaluation similarity, and usefulness of networks to give a new treatment approach. Background Digestive disorders are typically complex diseases associated with high treatment costs. They are related to the immune system and inflammation. With the outbreak of Covid-19, this disease was shown to have signs like diarrhea. Some signs of Covid-19 are similar to those of digestive disorders, like IBD and diarrhea. Both of them are accompanied by inflammation and induce disorders in the digestive system. Methods DisGeNET and STRING databases were sources of disease genes and constructing networks and were used to construct the network of digestive diseases and Covid-19. Three plugins of Cytoscape software, namely ClusterONE, ClueGO, and CluePedia, were used to analyze cluster networks and enrichment pathways. To describe the interaction of proteins, information from KEGG pathway and Reactome was used. Results According to the results, IBD, gastritis, and diarrhea have common pathways. The CXCL8, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, TLR4, and MBL2 molecules were identified as inflammatory molecules in all networks. Conclusion It seems that detecting genes and pathways can be useful in applying new approaches for treating these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghavan Hosseinpouri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Gholizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Reza Karbalaei
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Delgado-Gonzalez P, Gonzalez-Villarreal CA, Roacho-Perez JA, Quiroz-Reyes AG, Islas JF, Delgado-Gallegos JL, Arellanos-Soto D, Galan-Huerta KA, Garza-Treviño EN. Inflammatory effect on the gastrointestinal system associated with COVID-19. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4160-4171. [PMID: 34326616 PMCID: PMC8311540 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i26.4160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has provoked a global pandemic, mainly affecting the respiratory tract; however, a percentage of infected individuals can develop gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Some studies describe the development of GI symptoms and how they affect the progression of COVID-19. In this review, we summarize the main mechanisms associated with gut damage during infection by SARS-CoV-2 as well as other organs such as the liver and pancreas. Not only are host factors associated with severe COVID-19 but intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is also observed in patients with severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jorge A Roacho-Perez
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular, UANL, Monterrey 64610, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Adriana G Quiroz-Reyes
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular, UANL, Monterrey 64610, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jose Francisco Islas
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular, UANL, Monterrey 64610, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | - Daniel Arellanos-Soto
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular, UANL, Monterrey 64610, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Kame A Galan-Huerta
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular, UANL, Monterrey 64610, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Elsa N Garza-Treviño
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular, UANL, Monterrey 64610, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Neshat SY, Quiroz VM, Wang Y, Tamayo S, Doloff JC. Liver Disease: Induction, Progression, Immunological Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136777. [PMID: 34202537 PMCID: PMC8267746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is an organ with impressive regenerative potential and has been shown to heal sizable portions after their removal. However, certain diseases can overstimulate its potential to self-heal and cause excessive cellular matrix and collagen buildup. Decompensation of liver fibrosis leads to cirrhosis, a buildup of fibrotic ECM that impedes the liver’s ability to efficiently exchange fluid. This review summarizes the complex immunological activities in different liver diseases, and how failure to maintain liver homeostasis leads to progressive fibrotic tissue development. We also discuss a variety of pathologies that lead to liver cirrhosis, such as alcoholic liver disease and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV). Mesenchymal stem cells are widely studied for their potential in tissue replacement and engineering. Herein, we discuss the potential of MSCs to regulate immune response and alter the disease state. Substantial efforts have been performed in preclinical animal testing, showing promising results following inhibition of host immunity. Finally, we outline the current state of clinical trials with mesenchymal stem cells and other cellular and non-cellular therapies as they relate to the detection and treatment of liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Y. Neshat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.Y.N.); (V.M.Q.); (Y.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Victor M. Quiroz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.Y.N.); (V.M.Q.); (Y.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Yuanjia Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.Y.N.); (V.M.Q.); (Y.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Sebastian Tamayo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.Y.N.); (V.M.Q.); (Y.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Joshua C. Doloff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.Y.N.); (V.M.Q.); (Y.W.); (S.T.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Oncology-Cancer Immunology Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Correspondence:
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Delgado-Gallegos JL, Padilla-Rivas GR, Zuñiga-Violante E, Avilés-Rodriguez G, Arellanos-Soto D, Villareal HF, Cosío-León MDLÁ, Romo-Cardenas GS, Islas JF. Teaching Anxiety, Stress and Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evaluating the Vulnerability of Academic Professionals in Mexico Through the Adapted COVID-19 Stress Scales. Front Public Health 2021; 9. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.669057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To mitigate the COVID-19 infection, many world governments endorsed the cessation of non-essential activities, such as the school attendance, forcing a shift of the teaching model to the virtual classroom. From this shift, several changes in the teaching paradigm derived, in addition to the COVID-19 pandemic, which could have an impact in academic professional's mental health. In the present work we show the application of a modified version of the adapted COVID-19 stress scales (ACSS) which also included teaching anxiety and preparedness, and resilience for academic professionals in Mexico. These scales were applied during the unprecedented transformation of the education system undergone in the COVID-19 quarantine. Most of the studied variables: gender, age, academic degree, household occupants, having a disease, teaching level, teaching mode, work hours, resilience, teaching anxiety and preparedness, and fear of being an asymptomatic patient (FOBAP), showed significant statistical correlation between each other (p < 0.050) and to the 6 areas of the ACSS (danger, contamination, social economical, xenophobia, traumatic stress, and compulsive checking). Our results further showed that the perceived stress and anxiety fell into the category of Absent to Mild, with only the danger section of the ACSS falling into the Moderate category. Finally, the resilience generated throughout the quarantine was very high, which seems to be a predictor of adaptation the academic professional has undergone to cope with stress.
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Delgado-Gallegos JL, Padilla-Rivas GR, Zuñiga-Violante E, Avilés-Rodriguez G, Arellanos-Soto D, Villareal HF, Cosío-León MDLÁ, Romo-Cardenas GS, Islas JF. Teaching Anxiety, Stress and Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evaluating the Vulnerability of Academic Professionals in Mexico Through the Adapted COVID-19 Stress Scales. Front Public Health 2021; 9:669057. [PMID: 34041219 PMCID: PMC8141807 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.669057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To mitigate the COVID-19 infection, many world governments endorsed the cessation of non-essential activities, such as the school attendance, forcing a shift of the teaching model to the virtual classroom. From this shift, several changes in the teaching paradigm derived, in addition to the COVID-19 pandemic, which could have an impact in academic professional's mental health. In the present work we show the application of a modified version of the adapted COVID-19 stress scales (ACSS) which also included teaching anxiety and preparedness, and resilience for academic professionals in Mexico. These scales were applied during the unprecedented transformation of the education system undergone in the COVID-19 quarantine. Most of the studied variables: gender, age, academic degree, household occupants, having a disease, teaching level, teaching mode, work hours, resilience, teaching anxiety and preparedness, and fear of being an asymptomatic patient (FOBAP), showed significant statistical correlation between each other (p < 0.050) and to the 6 areas of the ACSS (danger, contamination, social economical, xenophobia, traumatic stress, and compulsive checking). Our results further showed that the perceived stress and anxiety fell into the category of Absent to Mild, with only the danger section of the ACSS falling into the Moderate category. Finally, the resilience generated throughout the quarantine was very high, which seems to be a predictor of adaptation the academic professional has undergone to cope with stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Delgado-Gallegos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Gerardo R. Padilla-Rivas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Gener Avilés-Rodriguez
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Daniel Arellanos-Soto
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Jose Francisco Islas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
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Ghoshal UC, Sahu S, Biswas SN, Singh P, Chaudhary M, Ghoshal U, Tiwari P, Rai S, Mishra SK. Care of inflammatory bowel disease patients during coronavirus disease-19 pandemic using digital health-care technology. JGH OPEN 2021; 5:535-541. [PMID: 33821221 PMCID: PMC8013680 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Although telemedicine is an option for the care of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients during the Coronavirus Disease (COVID)‐19 pandemic, its feasibility and acceptability data are scant. Data on the frequency of COVID‐19 among patients with IBD, quality of life (QOL), access to health care, psychological stress, and anxiety during the COVID‐19 pandemic are scant. Methods Video/audio consultation for IBD patients was undertaken after a web‐based appointment, and data on acceptability, IBD control, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), and World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL‐Bref) were obtained electronically. IBD patients were assessed for COVID‐19 symptoms or contact history and tested using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) on naso‐ oro‐pharyngeal swabs, and data were compared with 16,317 non‐IBD controls. Results Teleconsultation was feasible and acceptable. IBD patients had COVID‐19 as frequently as non‐IBD controls despite immunosuppressive therapy, possibly due to their awareness and preventive practices. Although the physical, psychological, and social QOL scores during the COVID‐19 pandemic were comparable to the prepandemic period, the environmental scores were worse. Psychological tension and interference with work due to pain were lower during the pandemic, which might be influenced by the control of the disease. Conclusions Teleconsultation is a feasible and acceptable alternative for IBD patients. They had COVID‐19 as frequently as non‐IBD controls despite a high frequency of immunosuppressive treatment, possibly due to their awareness of the disease and preventive practices. The QOL scores (except the environmental domains) and psychological issues were quite comparable or even better during the COVID‐19 pandemic than earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow India
| | - Shikha Sahu
- Department of Gastroenterology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow India
| | - Sugata N Biswas
- Department of Gastroenterology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow India
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow India
| | - Moni Chaudhary
- Department of Gastroenterology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow India
| | - Ujjala Ghoshal
- Department of Microbiology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow India
| | - Priyanka Tiwari
- School of Telemedicine and Biomedical Informatics Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow India
| | - Sushmita Rai
- Department of Gastroenterology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow India
| | - Saroj K Mishra
- School of Telemedicine and Biomedical Informatics Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow India
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Ghoshal UC, Ghoshal U, Mathur A, Singh RK, Nath A, Garg A, Singh D, Singh S, Singh J, Pandey A, Rai S, Vasanth S, Dhiman RK. The Spectrum of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With Coronavirus Disease-19: Predictors, Relationship With Disease Severity, and Outcome. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2020; 11:e00259. [PMID: 33463978 PMCID: PMC7678797 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We prospectively studied the frequency, spectrum, and predictors of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms among patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and the relationship between GI symptoms and the severity and outcome. METHODS Consecutive patients with COVID-19, diagnosed in a university hospital referral laboratory in northern India, were evaluated for clinical manifestations including GI symptoms, their predictors, and the relationship between the presence of these symptoms, disease severity, and outcome on univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Of 16,317 subjects tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in their oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs during April-May 2020, 252 (1.5%) were positive. Of them, 208 (82.5%) were asymptomatic; of the 44 symptomatic patients, 18 (40.9%) had non-GI symptoms, 15 (34.1%) had a combination of GI and non-GI symptoms, and 11 (25.0%) had GI symptoms only. Thirty-three had mild-to-moderate disease, 8 severe, and 5 critical. Five patients (1.98%) died. On multivariate analysis, the factors associated with the presence of GI symptoms included the absence of contact history and presence of non-GI symptoms and comorbid illnesses. Patients with GI synptoms more often had severe, critical illness and fatal outcome than those without GI symptoms. DISCUSSION Eighty-two percent of patients with COVID-19 were asymptomatic, and 10.3% had GI symptoms; severe and fatal disease occurred only in 5% and 2%, respectively. The presence of GI symptoms was associated with a severe illness and fatal outcome on multivariate analysis. Independent predictors of GI symptoms included the absence of contact history, presence of non-GI symptoms, and comorbid illnesses.(Equation is included in full-text article.).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Radha Krishan Dhiman
- Director, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, India
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Marinescu I, Marinescu D, Mogoantă L, Efrem IC, Stovicek PO. SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with serious mental illness and possible benefits of prophylaxis with Memantine and Amantadine. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2020; 61:1007-1022. [PMID: 34171050 PMCID: PMC8343601 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.4.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Patients with serious mental illness are a high-risk category of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Patients with schizophrenia are not participatory and have increased mortality and morbidity, patients with dementia cannot be cared for while depression, anxiety, bipolar tubing are associated with low immune status. Social stress is amplified by social isolation, amplifying depression and the mechanisms of decreased immunity. Hygiene measures and prophylactic behavior are impossible to put into practice in conditions of chronic mental illness. In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the risk for severe development is associated with the presence of comorbidities and immune system deficiency. Prothrombotic status, cytokine storm and alveolar destruction are mechanisms that aggravate the evolution of patients, especially in the context in which they have dysfunction of the autonomic system. The activity of proinflammatory cytokines is accentuated by hyperglutamatergia, which potentiates oxidative stress and triggers the mechanisms of neural apoptosis by stimulating microglial activation. Activation of M1-type microglia has an important role in pathogenesis of major psychiatric disorders, such as major depression, schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, and may associate hippocampal atrophy and disconnection of cognitive structures. Memantine and Amantadine, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor inhibitors, have demonstrated, through their pharmacological profile, psychotropic effects but also antiviral properties. In the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, based on these arguments, we suggest that they can be associated with the therapy with the basic psychotropics, Memantine or Amantadine, for the control of neuropsychiatric symptoms but also as adjuvants with antiviral action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Marinescu
- Doctoral School, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania; ,
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Dhar J, Samanta J, Kochhar R. Corona Virus Disease-19 pandemic: The gastroenterologists' perspective. Indian J Gastroenterol 2020. [PMID: 32783168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The world is witnessing a serious public health threat in the wake of the third corona virus pandemic, a novel corona virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]). The Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is not limited to the respiratory system but has widespread involvement including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and liver, with evidence of prolonged fecal shedding and feco-oral transmission. This finding has stirred up a hornet's nest of not only a newer modality of the spread of the virus but also a risk of the unpredictable duration of the infective potential of the shedders. We reviewed the literature on fecal shedding and possible implications on prevention and surveillance strategies. The pandemic is changing the management of underlying chronic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other diseases. Moreover, for the gastroenterologist, doing endoscopic procedures in this COVID-19 era poses a high risk of contamination, as it is an aerosol-generating procedure. There is a daily influx of data on this disease, and multiple societies are coming up with various recommendations. We provide a comprehensive review of all the reported GI manifestations of COVID-19 infection and the side effects of confounding drugs. We have summarized the management recommendations for diseases such as IBD with COVID-19 and nutritional recommendations and provided a concise review of the endoscopy guidelines by the various societies. This review provides a comprehensive account and a lucid guide covering various aspects of gastroenterology practice during this COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahnvi Dhar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Sector - 12, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Jayanta Samanta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Sector - 12, Chandigarh, 160 012, India.
| | - Rakesh Kochhar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Sector - 12, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
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Corona Virus Disease-19 pandemic: The gastroenterologists' perspective. Indian J Gastroenterol 2020; 39:220-231. [PMID: 32783168 PMCID: PMC8852322 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-020-01075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The world is witnessing a serious public health threat in the wake of the third corona virus pandemic, a novel corona virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]). The Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is not limited to the respiratory system but has widespread involvement including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and liver, with evidence of prolonged fecal shedding and feco-oral transmission. This finding has stirred up a hornet's nest of not only a newer modality of the spread of the virus but also a risk of the unpredictable duration of the infective potential of the shedders. We reviewed the literature on fecal shedding and possible implications on prevention and surveillance strategies. The pandemic is changing the management of underlying chronic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other diseases. Moreover, for the gastroenterologist, doing endoscopic procedures in this COVID-19 era poses a high risk of contamination, as it is an aerosol-generating procedure. There is a daily influx of data on this disease, and multiple societies are coming up with various recommendations. We provide a comprehensive review of all the reported GI manifestations of COVID-19 infection and the side effects of confounding drugs. We have summarized the management recommendations for diseases such as IBD with COVID-19 and nutritional recommendations and provided a concise review of the endoscopy guidelines by the various societies. This review provides a comprehensive account and a lucid guide covering various aspects of gastroenterology practice during this COVID-19 pandemic.
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