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Xhanari K, Finšgar M. Recent advances in the modification of electrodes for trace metal analysis: a review. Analyst 2023; 148:5805-5821. [PMID: 37697964 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01252b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
This review paper summarizes the research published in the last five years on using different compounds and/or materials as modifiers for electrodes employed in trace heavy metal analysis. The main groups of modifiers are identified, and their single or combined application on the surface of the electrodes is discussed. Nanomaterials, film-forming substances, and polymers are among the most used compounds employed mainly in the modification of glassy carbon, screen-printed, and carbon paste electrodes. Composites composed of several compounds and/or materials have also found growing interest in the development of modified electrodes. Environmentally friendly substances and natural products (mainly biopolymers and plant extracts) have continued to be included in the modification of electrodes for trace heavy metal analysis. The main analytical performance parameters of the modified electrodes as well as possible interferences affecting the determination of the target analytes, are discussed. Finally, a critical evaluation of the main findings from these studies and an outlook discussing possible improvements in this area of research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klodian Xhanari
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
- University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Boulevard "Zogu I", 1001 Tirana, Albania
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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2
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Coronado-Apodaca KG, Rodríguez-De Luna S, Araújo R, Oyervides-Muñoz MA, González-Meza GM, Parra-Arroyo L, Sosa-Hernandez JE, Iqbal HM, Parra-Saldivar R. Occurrence, transport, and detection techniques of emerging pollutants in groundwater. MethodsX 2023; 10:102160. [PMID: 37095869 PMCID: PMC10122002 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging pollutants (EPs) are a group of different contaminants, such as hormones, pesticides, heavy metals, and drugs, usually found in concentrations between the order of ng and µg per liter. The global population's daily city and agro-industrial activities release EPs into the environment. Due to the chemical nature of EPs and deficient wastewater treatment and management, they are transported to superficial and groundwater through the natural water cycle, where they can potentially cause harmful effects on living organisms. Recent efforts have focused on developing technology that allows EPs quantification and monitoring in real-time and in situ. The newly developed technology aims to provide accessible groundwater management that detects and treats EPs while avoiding their contact with living beings and their toxic effects. This review presents some of the recently reported techniques that have been applied to advance the detection of EPs in groundwater and potential technologies that can be used for EP removal.
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Liu Z, Wang R, Xue Q, Chang C, Liu Y, He L. Highly efficient detection of Cd(Ⅱ) ions in water by graphitic carbon nitride and tin dioxide nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Huang R, Lv J, Chen J, Zhu Y, Zhu J, Wågberg T, Hu G. Three-dimensional porous high boron-nitrogen-doped carbon for the ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of trace heavy metals in food samples. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130020. [PMID: 36155296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to even trace amounts of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in food can have serious effects on the human body. Therefore, the development of novel electrochemical sensors that can accurately detect the different toxicity levels of heavy metal ions in food is of great significance. Based on the principle of green chemistry, we propose a new type of boron and nitrogen co-doped carbon (BCN) material derived from a metal-organic framework material and study its synthesis, characterization, and heavy-metal ion detection ability. Under the optimum conditions, the BCN-modified glassy carbon electrode was studied using square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry, which showed good electrochemical responses to Cd(II) and Pb(II), with sensitivities as low as 0.459 and 0.509 μA/μM cm2, respectively. The sensor was successfully used to detect Cd(II) and Pb(II) in Beta vulgaris var. cicla L samples, which is consistent with the results obtained using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. It also has a strong selectivity for complex samples. This study provides a novel approach for the detection of heavy metal ions in food and greatly expands the application of heteroatom-doped metal-free carbon materials in detection platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Jiapei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jianbing Chen
- Research Academy of Non-metallic Mining Industry Development, Materials and Environmental Engineering College, Chizhou University, Chizhou 247000, China
| | - Yeling Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Thomas Wågberg
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Guangzhi Hu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China; Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden.
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Dahake RV, Bansiwal A. Disposable Sensors for Heavy Metals Detection: A Review of Carbon and Non‐Noble Metal‐Based Receptors. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi V. Dahake
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute(NEERI) Nagpur
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh
| | - Amit Bansiwal
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute(NEERI) Nagpur
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Sabah M, Fethi A. Electrochemical Detection of Lead in Real Samples Using Carbon Nanostructure and Inactivated E. coli as Low-Cost Sensitive Biosensor with High Electrocatalytic Performance. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-022-00760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang L, Li B, Wang J, Qi J, Li J, Ma J, Chen L. A rotary multi-positioned cloth/paper hybrid microfluidic device for simultaneous fluorescence sensing of mercury and lead ions by using ion imprinted technologies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 428:128165. [PMID: 35007967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel rotary cloth/paper hybrid microfluidic analytical device (μCPAD) was proposed via the synergy of the fluorescence sensing cloth-based component and rotary paper-based microfluidic analytical device (μPAD) for simultaneous detection of mercury (Hg2+) and lead (Pb2+) ions. Fluorescence sensing cloth-based component was prepared by grafting quantum dots onto cotton cloth and then modifying with ion imprinted polymers (IIP). Because the cloth has good ductility and durability, it can bear strong oscillation during the fabrication of grafting quantum dots and IIP, and brings a lot of convenience to the production process. At the same time, because rotary μCPAD was stacked by three-layer papers with designed hydrophilic channels and hydrophobic barriers, it could realize simultaneous detection of Hg2+ and Pb2+ ions by rotating top layer counterclockwise or clockwise. The fluorescence signals were obtained through quantum dots' electron transfer fluorescence quenching effect with the limits of detection were 0.18 and 0.07 μg/L, respectively. This method successfully realized the transference of specific and sensitive fluorescence sensing materials (quantum dots) onto the microfluidic device to improve the portability and expanded applications. Moreover, the novel microfluidic device may have great potential in point-of-care testing of heavy metal ions in environmental monitoring fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Yantai Engineering & Technology College, Yantai 264006, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bowei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Jianan Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Ji Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiping Ma
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, State-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Urban Sewage Treatment and Resource Recovery, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
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Okpara EC, Fayemi OE, Wojuola OB, Onwudiwe DC, Ebenso EE. Electrochemical detection of selected heavy metals in water: a case study of African experiences. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26319-26361. [PMID: 36275116 PMCID: PMC9475415 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02733j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety of water resources throughout the globe has been compromised by various human activities and climate change over the last decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyioma C. Okpara
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Omolola E. Fayemi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Olanrewaju B. Wojuola
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Damian C. Onwudiwe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Eno E. Ebenso
- College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
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Ning J, Wei J, Huang S, Wang F, Luo X, Sun C, Chen D, Wei R, Sha L, Liu Y. A high performance Pb(II) electrochemical sensor based on spherical CuS nanoparticle anchored g-C 3N 4. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5617-5627. [PMID: 34762078 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01587g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new electrochemical sensor has been constructed for ultra-sensitive detection of lead ions (Pb2+) by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV), based on the copper sulfide/graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (CuS/g-C3N4/GCE). First, spherical CuS nanoparticles with good electrical conductivity were anchored on layered g-C3N4 with high coordination activity, affording an excellent electrode modifier CuS/g-C3N4 nanocomposite. Then, the performance of the CuS/g-C3N4/GCE and its electrochemical response to Pb2+ were thoroughly studied, and the sensing mechanism was investigated. On the one hand, the CuS/g-C3N4 nanocomposite has greatly improved the electron transportation and electrode performance through functional complementarity - CuS endows g-C3N4 with a good electrical conductivity and a large active specific surface area, while g-C3N4 endows CuS with high dispersibility and strong adsorption. On the other hand, the CuS/g-C3N4 modifier has effectively promoted the deposition of trace Pb2+ from the solution onto the electrode surface by means of synergistic enrichment (crucial for amplification of detection signals) - g-C3N4 can coordinate with Pb2+ by its large number of conjugated triazine heterocyclic rings in its molecular framework, while CuS can adsorb Pb2+ due to its inherent size effect of nanomaterials. The proposed sensor can efficiently detect Pb2+ in the concentration range of 0.050-5.000 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 4.00 nM, and can be well applied for the detection of trace Pb2+ in actual tea samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingheng Ning
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410110, China.
| | - Jiaqian Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410110, China.
| | - Shouen Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410110, China.
| | - Faxiang Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410110, China.
| | - Xin Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410110, China.
| | - Chang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410110, China.
| | - Donger Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410110, China.
| | - Rui Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410110, China.
| | - Liming Sha
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410110, China.
| | - Yongle Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410110, China.
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Simultaneous determination of Cd2+ and Pb2+ by an electrochemical sensor based on Fe3O4/Bi2O3/C3N4 nanocomposites. TALANTA OPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2020.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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11
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Critical reviews of electro-reactivity of screen-printed nanocomposite electrode to safeguard the environment from trace metals. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zhou J, Wang Q, Liu F, Xiong S. Electroanalysis of Cd2+ and Pb2+ Based on Bi/Fe3O4/RTIL Electrode. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-021-00661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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A three-dimensional pinwheel-shaped paper-based microfluidic analytical device for fluorescence detection of multiple heavy metals in coastal waters by rational device design. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3299-3313. [PMID: 33758988 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present the rational design of a pinwheel-shaped three-dimensional microfluidic paper-based analytical device (3D-μPAD) for specific, sensitive and multiplexed detection of heavy metals in coastal waters. A more homogeneous permeation of fluids along the chip than common design, even under unskilled performance, has been achieved by the elaborate chip design of the hydrostatic balancing inlet port and uniformly stressed reversible sealing. With the combination of ion imprinted polymer grafted CdTe quantum-dots and fluid accumulation pad, 4 metals (Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+) in 1 analysis and 25-fold enrichment for each metal can be simultaneously performed within 20 min, with detection limits of 0.007-0.015 μg/L. It has the ability to selectively recognize these 4 metals in mixtures and immunizing to interferences from components found in coastal waters, which provided results that were in agreement with values gained from atomic absorption. The inexpensive and portable nature as well as the highly sensitive and flexible performance of the new developed 3D-μPAD could make it attractive as an on-site testing approach for marine environmental monitoring.
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Ding R, Cheong YH, Ahamed A, Lisak G. Heavy Metals Detection with Paper-Based Electrochemical Sensors. Anal Chem 2021; 93:1880-1888. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyu Ding
- College of Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Residues and Resource Reclamation Center, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Yi Heng Cheong
- College of Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Residues and Resource Reclamation Center, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Ashiq Ahamed
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Residues and Resource Reclamation Center, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech, Singapore 637141, Singapore
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Grzegorz Lisak
- College of Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Residues and Resource Reclamation Center, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech, Singapore 637141, Singapore
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