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Granzotto A, El Nachef L, Restier-Verlet J, Sonzogni L, Al-Choboq J, Bourguignon M, Foray N. When Chromatin Decondensation Affects Nuclear γH2AX Foci Pattern and Kinetics and Biases the Assessment of DNA Double-Strand Breaks by Immunofluorescence. Biomolecules 2024; 14:703. [PMID: 38927105 PMCID: PMC11201768 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunofluorescence with antibodies against phosphorylated forms of H2AX (γH2AX) is revolutionizing our understanding of repair and signaling of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Unfortunately, the pattern of γH2AX foci depends upon a number of parameters (nature of stress, number of foci, radiation dose, repair time, cell cycle phase, gene mutations, etc…) whose one of the common points is chromatin condensation/decondensation. Here, we endeavored to demonstrate how chromatin conformation affects γH2AX foci pattern and influences immunofluorescence signal. DSBs induced in non-transformed human fibroblasts were analyzed by γH2AX immunofluorescence with sodium butyrate treatment of chromatin applied after the irradiation that decondenses chromatin but does not induce DNA breaks. Our data showed that the pattern of γH2AX foci may drastically change with the experimental protocols in terms of size and brightness. Notably, some γH2AX minifoci resulting from the dispersion of the main signal due to chromatin decondensation may bias the quantification of the number of DSBs. We proposed a model called "Christmas light models" to tentatively explain this diversity of γH2AX foci pattern that may also be considered for any DNA damage marker that relocalizes as nuclear foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Granzotto
- INSERM U1296 Unit “Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment”, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France; (A.G.); (L.E.N.); (J.R.-V.); (L.S.); (J.A.-C.); (M.B.)
| | - Laura El Nachef
- INSERM U1296 Unit “Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment”, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France; (A.G.); (L.E.N.); (J.R.-V.); (L.S.); (J.A.-C.); (M.B.)
| | - Juliette Restier-Verlet
- INSERM U1296 Unit “Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment”, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France; (A.G.); (L.E.N.); (J.R.-V.); (L.S.); (J.A.-C.); (M.B.)
| | - Laurène Sonzogni
- INSERM U1296 Unit “Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment”, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France; (A.G.); (L.E.N.); (J.R.-V.); (L.S.); (J.A.-C.); (M.B.)
| | - Joëlle Al-Choboq
- INSERM U1296 Unit “Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment”, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France; (A.G.); (L.E.N.); (J.R.-V.); (L.S.); (J.A.-C.); (M.B.)
| | - Michel Bourguignon
- INSERM U1296 Unit “Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment”, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France; (A.G.); (L.E.N.); (J.R.-V.); (L.S.); (J.A.-C.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, University Paris Saclay (UVSQ), 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- INSERM U1296 Unit “Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment”, Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France; (A.G.); (L.E.N.); (J.R.-V.); (L.S.); (J.A.-C.); (M.B.)
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2
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Prabhu KS, Kuttikrishnan S, Ahmad N, Habeeba U, Mariyam Z, Suleman M, Bhat AA, Uddin S. H2AX: A key player in DNA damage response and a promising target for cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116663. [PMID: 38688170 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by a complex interaction of factors that interrupt the normal growth and division of cells. At the center of this process is the intricate relationship between DNA damage and the cellular mechanisms responsible for maintaining genomic stability. When DNA damage is not repaired, it can cause genetic mutations that contribute to the initiation and progression of cancer. On the other hand, the DNA damage response system, which involves the phosphorylation of the histone variant H2AX (γH2AX), is crucial in preserving genomic integrity by signaling and facilitating the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. This review provides an explanation of the molecular dynamics of H2AX in the context of DNA damage response. It emphasizes the crucial role of H2AX in recruiting and localizing repair machinery at sites of chromatin damage. The review explains how H2AX phosphorylation, facilitated by the master kinases ATM and ATR, acts as a signal for DNA damage, triggering downstream pathways that govern cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis, and the cellular fate decision between repair and cell death. The phosphorylation of H2AX is a critical regulatory point, ensuring cell survival by promoting repair or steering cells towards apoptosis in cases of catastrophic genomic damage. Moreover, we explore the therapeutic potential of targeting H2AX in cancer treatment, leveraging its dual function as a biomarker of DNA integrity and a therapeutic target. By delineating the pathways that lead to H2AX phosphorylation and its roles in apoptosis and cell cycle control, we highlight the significance of H2AX as both a prognostic tool and a focal point for therapeutic intervention, offering insights into its utility in enhancing the efficacy of cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar.
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Nuha Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Ummu Habeeba
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Zahwa Mariyam
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- Laboratory of Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Laboratory of Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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3
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Pagano S, Valenti C, Negri P, Billi M, Di Michele A, Bruscoli S, Febo M, Coniglio M, Marinucci L. Acute and chronic cannabidiol treatment: In vitro toxicological aspects on human oral cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 185:114513. [PMID: 38342230 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Cannabidiol is gaining increasing interest for its potential anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antineoplastic effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate the biological effects of acute and chronic CBD administration on gingival fibroblasts and oral keratinocytes. Viability, morphology, migration, apoptosis and cell cycle, and expression of related genes (p53, BCL2, p21, and BAX) and of endocannabinoid system receptors (CB1, CB2 and GPR55) with real-time PCR and DNA damage with phospho-γ-H2AX immunofluorescence detection were analyzed. Concentrations between 100 μM and 0.001 μM were used: 50 μM (toxic dose), 25 μM (viability promoter), and 1 μM (nontoxic), were selected for subsequent chronic analysis. Acute treatment reveals significant effects than chronic, in particular in fibroblasts: concentrations ≥50 μM are highly cytotoxic, with increased apoptosis and reduced migration. Cell death correlates with increased p53 and BAX, followed by arrest in G0/G1 phase, with elevated p21 levels, suggesting a time- and dose-dependent damage. An increase in H2AX phosphorylation was observed with 25 μM and 50 μM, while 1 μM was biocompatible. Keratinocytes showed less cytotoxic effect than fibroblasts. Induced cell damage was dose- and time-related, with less damage after chronic treatment. Further investigations are needed with longer time frames to evaluate CBD dose- and time-dependent effects to identify an effective therapeutic dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pagano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Chiara Valenti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy; CISAS "Giuseppe Colombo", University of Padua, Via Venezia, 15, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Paolo Negri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Monia Billi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Di Michele
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Pascoli, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Stefano Bruscoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Marta Febo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Coniglio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Lorella Marinucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embryology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
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4
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Morgan KA, Wichmann CW, Osellame LD, Cao Z, Guo N, Scott AM, Donnelly PS. Tumor targeted alpha particle therapy with an actinium-225 labelled antibody for carbonic anhydrase IX. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3372-3381. [PMID: 38425522 PMCID: PMC10901495 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06365h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective antibody targeted delivery of α particle emitting actinium-225 to tumors has significant therapeutic potential. This work highlights the design and synthesis of a new bifunctional macrocyclic diazacrown ether chelator, H2MacropaSqOEt, that can be conjugated to antibodies and forms stable complexes with actinium-225. The macrocyclic diazacrown ether chelator incorporates a linker comprised of a short polyethylene glycol fragment and a squaramide ester that allows selective reaction with lysine residues on antibodies to form stable vinylogous amide linkages. This new H2MacropaSqOEt chelator was used to modify a monoclonal antibody, girentuximab (hG250), that binds to carbonic anhydrase IX, an enzyme that is overexpressed on the surface of cancers such as clear cell renal cell carcinoma. This new antibody conjugate (H2MacropaSq-hG250) had an average chelator to antibody ratio of 4 : 1 and retained high affinity for carbonic anhydrase IX. H2MacropaSq-hG250 was radiolabeled quantitatively with [225Ac]AcIII within one minute at room temperature with micromolar concentrations of antibody and the radioactive complex is stable in human serum for >7 days. Evaluation of [225Ac]Ac(MacropaSq-hG250) in a mouse xenograft model, that overexpresses carbonic anhydrase IX, demonstrated a highly significant therapeutic response. It is likely that H2MacropaSqOEt could be used to modify other antibodies providing a readily adaptable platform for other actinium-225 based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Morgan
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Christian W Wichmann
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Melbourne Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University Melbourne Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy Austin Health Melbourne Australia
| | - Laura D Osellame
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Melbourne Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University Melbourne Australia
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Melbourne Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University Melbourne Australia
| | - Nancy Guo
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Melbourne Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Melbourne Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University Melbourne Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy Austin Health Melbourne Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
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5
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De Rosa C, De Rosa V, Tuccillo C, Tirino V, Amato L, Papaccio F, Ciardiello D, Napolitano S, Martini G, Ciardiello F, Morgillo F, Iommelli F, Della Corte CM. ITGB1 and DDR activation as novel mediators in acquired resistance to osimertinib and MEK inhibitors in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Sci Rep 2024; 14:500. [PMID: 38177190 PMCID: PMC10766645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Osimertinib is a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor clinically approved for first-line treatment of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Although an impressive drug response is initially observed, in most of tumors, resistance occurs after different time and an alternative therapeutic strategy to induce regression disease is currently lacking. The hyperactivation of MEK/MAPKs, is one the most common event identified in osimertinib-resistant (OR) NSCLC cells. However, in response to selective drug pressure, the occurrence of multiple mechanisms of resistance may contribute to treatment failure. In particular, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the impaired DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways are recognized as additional cause of resistance in NSCLC thus promoting tumor progression. Here we showed that concurrent upregulation of ITGB1 and DDR family proteins may be associated with an increase of EMT pathways and linked to both osimertinib and MEK inhibitor resistance to cell death. Furthermore, this study demonstrated the existence of an interplay between ITGB1 and DDR and highlighted, for the first time, that combined treatment of MEK inhibitor with DDRi may be relevant to downregulate ITGB1 levels and increase cell death in OR NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina De Rosa
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana De Rosa
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Tuccillo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Amato
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Papaccio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Davide Ciardiello
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Napolitano
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Martini
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Floriana Morgillo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Iommelli
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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6
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Zitter RC, Chugh RM, Bhanja P, Kimler BF, Saha S. LGR5+ Intestinal Stem Cells Display Sex-Dependent Radiosensitivity. Cells 2023; 13:46. [PMID: 38201250 PMCID: PMC10778194 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue radiosensitivity plays a critical role in the overall outcome of radiation therapy. Identifying characteristics that predict how a patient may respond to radiotherapy enables clinicians to maximize the therapeutic window. Limited clinical data have suggested a difference in male and female radiotherapy outcomes. Radiotherapy for gastrointestinal malignancy is still a challenge due to intestinal sensitivity to radiation toxicity. In this manuscript, we demonstrated sex-specific differences in intestinal epithelial radiosensitivity. In a mouse model of abdominal irradiation, we observed a significant increase in oxidative stress and injury in males compared to females. Lgr5+ve intestinal stem cells from male mice showed higher sensitivity to radiation-induced toxicity. However, sex-specific differences in intestinal radiosensitivity were not dependent on sex hormones, as we demonstrated similar sex-specific radiosensitivity differences in pre-pubescent mice. In an ex vivo study, we found that patient-derived intestinal organoid (PID) from males showed higher sensitivity to radiation compared to females as evident from loss of budding crypts, organoid size, and membrane integrity. Transcriptomic analysis of human Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells suggested radiation-induced upregulation of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in males compared to females, a possible mechanism for radiosensitivity differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Zitter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.C.Z.); (R.M.C.); (P.B.); (B.F.K.)
| | - Rishi Man Chugh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.C.Z.); (R.M.C.); (P.B.); (B.F.K.)
| | - Payel Bhanja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.C.Z.); (R.M.C.); (P.B.); (B.F.K.)
| | - Bruce F. Kimler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.C.Z.); (R.M.C.); (P.B.); (B.F.K.)
| | - Subhrajit Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.C.Z.); (R.M.C.); (P.B.); (B.F.K.)
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Zitter RC, Chugh RM, Bhanja P, Saha S. LGR5+ Intestinal Stem Cells Display Sex Dependent Radiosensitivity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.05.570158. [PMID: 38106083 PMCID: PMC10723330 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.05.570158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Radiosensitivity, the susceptibility of cells to ionizing radiation, plays a critical role in understanding the effects of radiation therapy and exposure on tissue health and regeneration. Identifying characteristics that predict how a patient may respond to radiotherapy enables clinicians to maximize the therapeutic window. Limited clinical data suggested a difference in male and female radiotherapy outcomes. Radiotherapy for gastrointestinal malignancy is still a challenge due to intestinal sensitivity to radiation toxicity. In this manuscript, we demonstrated sex-specific differences in intestinal epithelial radiosensitivity. In mice models of abdominal irradiation, we observed a significant increase in oxidative stress and injury in males compared to females. Lgr5+ve intestinal stem cells from male mice showed higher sensitivity to radiation-induced toxicity. However, sex-specific differences in intestinal radiosensitivity are not dependent on sex hormones as we demonstrated similar sex-specific radiosensitivity differences in pediatric mice. In an ex-vivo study, we found that human patient-derived intestinal organoids (PID) derived from males showed higher sensitivity to irradiation compared to females as evidenced by loss of budding crypt, organoid size, and membrane integrity. Transcriptomic analysis of human Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells suggested radiation induced upregulation of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in males compared to females' possible mechanism for radiosensitivity differences.
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8
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Hitomi M, Venegas J, Kang SC, Eng C. Differential cell cycle checkpoint evasion by PTEN germline mutations associated with dichotomous phenotypes of cancer versus autism spectrum disorder. Oncogene 2023; 42:3698-3707. [PMID: 37907589 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with a PTEN germline mutation receive the molecular diagnosis of PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). PHTS displays a complex spectrum of clinical phenotypes including harmartomas, predisposition to cancers, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Clear-cut genotype-phenotype correlations are yet to be established due to insufficient information on the PTEN function being impacted by mutations. To fill this knowledge gap, we compared functional impacts of two selected missense PTEN mutant alleles, G132D and M134R, each respectively being associated with distinct clinical phenotype, ASD or thyroid cancer without ASD using gene-edited human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). In homozygous hiPSCs, PTEN expression was severely reduced by M134R mutation due to shortened protein half-life. G132D suppressed PTEN expression to a lesser extent than Μ134R mutation without altering protein half-life. When challenged with γ-irradiation, G132D heterozygous cells exited radiation-induced G2 arrest earlier than wildtype and M134R heterozygous hiPSCs despite the similar DNA damage levels as the latter two. Immunoblotting analyses suggested that γ-irradiation induced apoptosis in G132D heterozygous cells to lesser degrees than in the hiPSCs of other genotypes. These data suggest that ASD-associated G132D allele promotes genome instability by premature cell cycle reentry with incomplete DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hitomi
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Juan Venegas
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Shin Chung Kang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare, Medical Specialties Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genome Science, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44116, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44116, USA.
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9
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Isobe S, Nair RV, Kang HY, Wang L, Moonen JR, Shinohara T, Cao A, Taylor S, Otsuki S, Marciano DP, Harper RL, Adil MS, Zhang C, Lago-Docampo M, Körbelin J, Engreitz JM, Snyder MP, Rabinovitch M. Reduced FOXF1 links unrepaired DNA damage to pulmonary arterial hypertension. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7578. [PMID: 37989727 PMCID: PMC10663616 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease in which pulmonary arterial (PA) endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is associated with unrepaired DNA damage. BMPR2 is the most common genetic cause of PAH. We report that human PAEC with reduced BMPR2 have persistent DNA damage in room air after hypoxia (reoxygenation), as do mice with EC-specific deletion of Bmpr2 (EC-Bmpr2-/-) and persistent pulmonary hypertension. Similar findings are observed in PAEC with loss of the DNA damage sensor ATM, and in mice with Atm deleted in EC (EC-Atm-/-). Gene expression analysis of EC-Atm-/- and EC-Bmpr2-/- lung EC reveals reduced Foxf1, a transcription factor with selectivity for lung EC. Reducing FOXF1 in control PAEC induces DNA damage and impaired angiogenesis whereas transfection of FOXF1 in PAH PAEC repairs DNA damage and restores angiogenesis. Lung EC targeted delivery of Foxf1 to reoxygenated EC-Bmpr2-/- mice repairs DNA damage, induces angiogenesis and reverses pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarasa Isobe
- Basic Science and Engineering (BASE) Initiative at the Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics - Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ramesh V Nair
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Helen Y Kang
- Basic Science and Engineering (BASE) Initiative at the Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lingli Wang
- Basic Science and Engineering (BASE) Initiative at the Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics - Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jan-Renier Moonen
- Basic Science and Engineering (BASE) Initiative at the Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics - Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tsutomu Shinohara
- Basic Science and Engineering (BASE) Initiative at the Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics - Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aiqin Cao
- Basic Science and Engineering (BASE) Initiative at the Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics - Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shalina Taylor
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics - Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shoichiro Otsuki
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics - Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David P Marciano
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Harper
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics - Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mir S Adil
- Basic Science and Engineering (BASE) Initiative at the Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics - Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chongyang Zhang
- Basic Science and Engineering (BASE) Initiative at the Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics - Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mauro Lago-Docampo
- Basic Science and Engineering (BASE) Initiative at the Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics - Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jesse M Engreitz
- Basic Science and Engineering (BASE) Initiative at the Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Basic Science and Engineering (BASE) Initiative at the Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics - Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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10
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İpek E, Hesapçıoğlu M, Karaboğa M, Avcı H. Selenium protection from DNA damage and regulation of apoptosis signaling following cyclophosphamide induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Biotech Histochem 2023; 98:534-542. [PMID: 37695070 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2023.2253424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of the cardioprotective effect of selenium (Se) against cyclophosphamide (CPA) induced cardiotoxicity in rats. We divided 24 female Wistar albino rats into four groups. The control group was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with normal saline. The CPA group was injected i.p. with 200 mg/kg CPA. The Se group was injected i.p. with 1 mg/kg Se. The CPA + Se group was injected i.p. with 200 mg/kg CPA and 1 mg/kg Se. Rats were euthanized 24 h after injection and heart tissues were harvested. Histopathological examination revealed reduced severity of myocardial lesions in the CPA + Se group compared to CPA induced cardiotoxicity of the CPA group; this finding was confirmed by increased immunoreactivity of cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I) in the CPA + Se group compared to decreased cTn-I immunoreactivity in the CPA group. Administration of CPA increased the immunoreactivity of phosphorylated histone-2AX (γH2AX). Se reduced the CPA induced increase in γH2AX immunoreactivity. Se administration reversed the CPA induced increase of Bax and decrease of Bcl2 gene expressions. Our findings suggest that Se is cardioprotective by reducing DNA damage and regulating the genes responsible for apoptosis caused by CPA in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah İpek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Hesapçıoğlu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Karaboğa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Hamdi Avcı
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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11
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Martyshkina YS, Tereshchenko VP, Bogdanova DA, Rybtsov SA. Reliable Hallmarks and Biomarkers of Senescent Lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15653. [PMID: 37958640 PMCID: PMC10647376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of accumulation of senescent adaptive immunity cells in the elderly is attracting attention due to the increasing risk of global epidemics and aging of the global population. Elderly people are predisposed to various infectious and age-related diseases and are at higher risk of vaccination failure. The accumulation of senescent cells increases age-related background inflammation, "Inflammaging", causing lymphocyte exhaustion and cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, autoimmune and cancer diseases. Here, we present a comprehensive contemporary review of the mechanisms and phenotype of senescence in the adaptive immune system. Although modern research has not yet identified specific markers of aging lymphocytes, several sets of markers facilitate the separation of the aging population based on normal memory and exhausted cells for further genetic and functional analysis. The reasons for the higher predisposition of CD8+ T-lymphocytes to senescence compared to the CD4+ population are also discussed. We point out approaches for senescent-lymphocyte-targeting markers using small molecules (senolytics), antibodies and immunization against senescent cells. The suppression of immune senescence is the most relevant area of research aimed at developing anti-aging and anti-cancer therapy for prolonging the lifespan of the global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya S. Martyshkina
- Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olimpiyskiy Ave. b.1, Sirius 354340, Krasnodar Region, Russia; (Y.S.M.)
| | - Valeriy P. Tereshchenko
- Resource Center for Cell Technology and Immunology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olimpiyskiy Ave. b.1, Sirius 354340, Krasnodar Region, Russia
| | - Daria A. Bogdanova
- Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olimpiyskiy Ave. b.1, Sirius 354340, Krasnodar Region, Russia; (Y.S.M.)
| | - Stanislav A. Rybtsov
- Resource Center for Cell Technology and Immunology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olimpiyskiy Ave. b.1, Sirius 354340, Krasnodar Region, Russia
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12
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Lapa BS, Costa MI, Figueiredo D, Jorge J, Alves R, Monteiro AR, Serambeque B, Laranjo M, Botelho MF, Carreira IM, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Gonçalves AC. AZD-7648, a DNA-PK Inhibitor, Induces DNA Damage, Apoptosis, and Cell Cycle Arrest in Chronic and Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15331. [PMID: 37895013 PMCID: PMC10607085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-homologous end joining pathway is vital for repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), with DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) playing a critical role. Altered DNA damage response (DDR) in chronic (CML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) offers potential therapeutic opportunities. We studied the therapeutic potential of AZD-7648 (DNA-PK inhibitor) in CML and AML cell lines. This study used two CML (K-562 and LAMA-84) and five AML (HEL, HL-60, KG-1, NB-4, and THP-1) cell lines. DDR gene mutations were obtained from the COSMIC database. The copy number and methylation profile were evaluated using MS-MLPA and DDR genes, and telomere length using qPCR. p53 protein expression was assessed using Western Blot, chromosomal damage through cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, and γH2AX levels and DSB repair kinetics using flow cytometry. Cell density and viability were analyzed using trypan blue assay after treatment with AZD-7648 in concentrations ranging from 10 to 200 µM. Cell death, cell cycle distribution, and cell proliferation rate were assessed using flow cytometry. The cells displayed different DNA baseline damage, DDR gene expressions, mutations, genetic/epigenetic changes, and p53 expression. Only HEL cells displayed inefficient DSB repair. The LAMA-84, HEL, and KG-1 cells were the most sensitive to AZD-7648, whereas HL-60 and K-562 showed a lower effect on density and viability. Besides the reduction in cell proliferation, AZD-7648 induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and DNA damage. In conclusion, these results suggest that AZD-7648 holds promise as a potential therapy for myeloid leukemias, however, with variations in drug sensitivity among tested cell lines, thus supporting further investigation to identify the specific factors influencing sensitivity to this DNA-PK inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Santos Lapa
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Costa
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
| | - Joana Jorge
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Alves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Monteiro
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
| | - Beatriz Serambeque
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Marques Carreira
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Hematology Service, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
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13
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Mori H, Noma T, Morine Y, Ishibashi H, Shimada M. Carcinogenic risk in the biliary epithelium of children with congenital biliary dilatation via the DNA damage repair pathway. Surg Today 2023; 53:1126-1131. [PMID: 36828910 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-023-02664-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSES Congenital biliary dilatation (CBD) is a high-risk factor for biliary tract cancer (BTC). We previously reported the potential for carcinogenesis in the biliary epithelium of patients with CBD. In this study, we investigated potential carcinogenetic pathways, focusing on the DNA damage repair response, in children with CBD and compared the findings with those in adults. METHODS We enrolled 6 children with CBD and 10 adults with CBD without BTC who underwent extrahepatic bile duct resections, plus 4 control patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for non-biliary cancer. Levels of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX), MRE11, and Ku-70 in the biliary tract epithelium were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The levels of γH2AX, MRE11, and Ku-70 were significantly higher in the gallbladder epithelium and bile duct epithelium of both children and adults than in controls. CONCLUSIONS Children and adults with CBD might develop BTC via the DNA damage repair pathway, as evidenced by increased γH2AX, MRE11, and Ku-70 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Mori
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Noma
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Morine
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishibashi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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14
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Belov O, Chigasova A, Pustovalova M, Osipov A, Eremin P, Vorobyeva N, Osipov AN. Dose-Dependent Shift in Relative Contribution of Homologous Recombination to DNA Repair after Low-LET Ionizing Radiation Exposure: Empirical Evidence and Numerical Simulation. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7352-7373. [PMID: 37754249 PMCID: PMC10528584 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45090465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the relative contributions of different repair pathways to radiation-induced DNA damage responses remains a challenging issue in terms of studying the radiation injury endpoints. The comparative manifestation of homologous recombination (HR) after irradiation with different doses greatly determines the overall effectiveness of recovery in a dividing cell after irradiation, since HR is an error-free mechanism intended to perform the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) during S/G2 phases of the cell cycle. In this article, we present experimentally observed evidence of dose-dependent shifts in the relative contributions of HR in human fibroblasts after X-ray exposure at doses in the range 20-1000 mGy, which is also supported by quantitative modeling of DNA DSB repair. Our findings indicate that the increase in the radiation dose leads to a dose-dependent decrease in the relative contribution of HR in the entire repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Belov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot-Curie St., 141980 Dubna, Russia;
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 76A Khoroshevskoye Shosse, 123007 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of System Analysis and Management, Dubna State University, 19 Universitetskaya St., 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - Anna Chigasova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.C.); (A.O.); (N.V.)
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita Pustovalova
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC—FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia;
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Andrey Osipov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.C.); (A.O.); (N.V.)
| | - Petr Eremin
- FSBI “National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology”, Ministry of Health of Russia, 121099 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalia Vorobyeva
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.C.); (A.O.); (N.V.)
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC—FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Andreyan N. Osipov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot-Curie St., 141980 Dubna, Russia;
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.C.); (A.O.); (N.V.)
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC—FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia;
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
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15
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Rovani BT, Rissi VB, Rovani MT, Gasperin BG, Baumhardt T, Bordignon V, Bauermann LDF, Missio D, Gonçalves PBD. Analysis of nuclear maturation, DNA damage and repair gene expression of bovine oocyte and cumulus cells submitted to ionizing radiation. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230021. [PMID: 37293252 PMCID: PMC10247184 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy causes destruction of tumor cells, but also threatens the integrity and survival of surrounding normal cells. Then, woman submitted to irradiation for cancer treatment may present permanent ovary damage, resulting in impaired fertility. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of therapeutic doses of ionizing radiation (IR), used for ovarian cancer treatment in humans, on bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) as experimental model. Bovine ovaries were exposed to 0.9 Gy, 1.8 Gy, 3.6 Gy or 18.6 Gy IR, and then COCs were collected and used to evaluate: (a) oocyte nuclear maturation; (b) presence of phosphorylated H2A.X (γH2AX), as an indicator of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs); and (c) expression of genes involved in DNA repair (TP53BP1, RAD52, ATM, XRCC6 and XRCC5) and apoptosis (BAX). The radiation doses tested in this study had no detrimental effects on nuclear maturation and did not increase γH2AX in the oocytes. However, IR treatment altered the mRNA abundance of RAD52 (RAD52 homolog, DNA repair protein) and BAX (BCL2-associated X protein). We conclude that although IR doses had no apparent effect on oocyte nuclear maturation and DNA damage, molecular pathways involved in DNA repair and apoptosis were affected by IR exposure in cumulus cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Tomazele Rovani
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Vitor Braga Rissi
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Monique Tomazele Rovani
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Tadeu Baumhardt
- Serviço de Radioterapia, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Vilceu Bordignon
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | | | - Daniele Missio
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Paulo Bayard Dias Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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16
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Osipov A, Chigasova A, Yashkina E, Ignatov M, Fedotov Y, Molodtsova D, Vorobyeva N, Osipov AN. Residual Foci of DNA Damage Response Proteins in Relation to Cellular Senescence and Autophagy in X-Ray Irradiated Fibroblasts. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081209. [PMID: 37190118 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA repair (DNA damage) foci observed 24 h and later after irradiation are called "residual" in the literature. They are believed to be the repair sites for complex, potentially lethal DNA double strand breaks. However, the features of their post-radiation dose-dependent quantitative changes and their role in the processes of cell death and senescence are still insufficiently studied. For the first time in one work, a simultaneous study of the association of changes in the number of residual foci of key DNA damage response (DDR) proteins (γH2AX, pATM, 53BP1, p-p53), the proportion of caspase-3 positive, LC-3 II autophagic and SA-β-gal senescent cells was carried out 24-72 h after fibroblast irradiation with X-rays at doses of 1-10 Gy. It was shown that with an increase in time after irradiation from 24 h to 72 h, the number of residual foci and the proportion of caspase-3 positive cells decrease, while the proportion of senescent cells, on the contrary, increases. The highest number of autophagic cells was noted 48 h after irradiation. In general, the results obtained provide important information for understanding the dynamics of the development of a dose-dependent cellular response in populations of irradiated fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Osipov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Chigasova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Yashkina
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Ignatov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuriy Fedotov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Molodtsova
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Vorobyeva
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andreyan N Osipov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
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17
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Ma Y, Farny NG. Connecting the Dots: Neuronal Senescence, Stress Granules, and Neurodegeneration. Gene 2023; 871:147437. [PMID: 37084987 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence increases with aging. While senescence is associated with an exit of the cell cycle, there is ample evidence that post-mitotic cells including neurons can undergo senescence as the brain ages, and that senescence likely contributes significantly to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases (ND) such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Stress granules (SGs) are stress-induced cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates of RNA and proteins, which have been linked to the development of AD and ALS. The SG seeding hypothesis of NDs proposes that chronic stress in aging neurons results in static SGs that progress into pathological aggregates Alterations in SG dynamics have also been linked to senescence, though studies that link SGs and senescence in the context of NDs and the aging brain have not yet been performed. In this Review, we summarize the literature on senescence, and explore the contribution of senescence to the aging brain. We describe senescence phenotypes in aging neurons and glia, and their links to neuroinflammation and the development of AD and ALS. We further examine the relationships of SGs to senescence and to ND. We propose a new hypothesis that neuronal senescence may contribute to the mechanism of SG seeding in ND by altering SG dynamics in aged cells, thereby providing additional aggregation opportunities within aged neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Ma
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Natalie G Farny
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA.
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18
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Agborbesong E, Zhou JX, Li LX, Harris PC, Calvet JP, Li X. Prdx5 regulates DNA damage response through autophagy-dependent Sirt2-p53 axis. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:567-579. [PMID: 36067023 PMCID: PMC9896474 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) is an important signaling-transduction network that promotes the repair of DNA lesions which can induce and/or support diseases. However, the mechanisms involved in its regulation are not fully understood. Recent studies suggest that the peroxiredoxin 5 (Prdx5) enzyme, which detoxifies reactive oxygen species, is associated to genomic instability and signal transduction. Its role in the regulation of DDR, however, is not well characterized. In this study, we demonstrate a role of Prdx5 in the regulation of the DDR signaling pathway. Knockdown of Prdx5 resulted in DNA damage manifested by the induction of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) and p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1). We show that Prdx5 regulates DDR through (1) polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) mediated phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase to further trigger downstream mediators Chek1 and Chek2; (2) the increase of the acetylation of p53 at lysine 382, stabilizing p53 in the nucleus and enhancing transcription and (3) the induction of autophagy, which regulates the recycling of molecules involved in DDR. We identified Sirt2 as a novel deacetylase of p53 at lysine 382, and Sirt2 regulated the acetylation status of p53 at lysine 382 in a Prdx5-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that exogenous expression of Prdx5 decreased DNA damage and the activation of ATM in Pkd1 mutant renal epithelial cells, suggesting that Prdx5 may play a protective role from DNA damage in cystic renal epithelial cells. This study identified a novel mechanism of Prdx5 in the regulation of DDR through the ATM/p53/Sirt2 signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewud Agborbesong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Julie X Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Linda X Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Peter C Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - James P Calvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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19
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Gospodinova KO, Olsen D, Kaas M, Anderson SM, Phillips J, Walker RM, Bermingham ML, Payne AL, Giannopoulos P, Pandya D, Spires-Jones TL, Abbott CM, Porteous DJ, Glerup S, Evans KL. Loss of SORCS2 is Associated with Neuronal DNA Double-Strand Breaks. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:237-249. [PMID: 34741697 PMCID: PMC9813074 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
SORCS2 is one of five proteins that constitute the Vps10p-domain receptor family. Members of this family play important roles in cellular processes linked to neuronal survival, differentiation and function. Genetic and functional studies implicate SORCS2 in cognitive function, as well as in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. DNA damage and DNA repair deficits are linked to ageing and neurodegeneration, and transient neuronal DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) also occur as a result of neuronal activity. Here, we report a novel role for SORCS2 in DSB formation. We show that SorCS2 loss is associated with elevated DSB levels in the mouse dentate gyrus and that knocking out SORCS2 in a human neuronal cell line increased Topoisomerase IIβ-dependent DSB formation and reduced neuronal viability. Neuronal stimulation had no impact on levels of DNA breaks in vitro, suggesting that the observed differences may not be the result of aberrant neuronal activity in these cells. Our findings are consistent with studies linking the VPS10 receptors and DNA damage to neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina O. Gospodinova
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Ditte Olsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mathias Kaas
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Susan M. Anderson
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Jonathan Phillips
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Rosie M. Walker
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK ,Present Address: University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
| | - Mairead L. Bermingham
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Abigail L. Payne
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Panagiotis Giannopoulos
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Divya Pandya
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Tara L. Spires-Jones
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD UK
| | - Catherine M. Abbott
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - David J. Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Simon Glerup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kathryn L. Evans
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
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20
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Mattioli EJ, Ulfo L, Marconi A, Pellicioni V, Costantini PE, Marforio TD, Di Giosia M, Danielli A, Fimognari C, Turrini E, Calvaresi M. Carrying Temoporfin with Human Serum Albumin: A New Perspective for Photodynamic Application in Head and Neck Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010068. [PMID: 36671454 PMCID: PMC9855801 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Temoporfin (mTHPC) is approved in Europe for the photodynamic treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Although it has a promising profile, its lipophilic character hampers the full exploitation of its potential due to high tendency of aggregation and a reduced ROS generation that compromise photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy. Moreover, for its clinical administration, mTHPC requires the presence of ethanol and propylene glycol as solvents, often causing adverse effects in the site of injection. In this paper we explored the efficiency of a new mTHPC formulation that uses human serum albumin (HSA) to disperse the photosensitizer in solution (mTHPC@HSA), investigating its anticancer potential in two HNSCC cell lines. Through a comprehensive characterization, we demonstrated that mTHPC@HSA is stable in physiological environment, does not aggregate, and is extremely efficient in PDT performance, due to its high singlet oxygen generation and the high dispersion as monomolecular form in HSA. This is supported by the computational identification of the specific binding pocket of mTHPC in HSA. Moreover, mTHPC@HSA-PDT induces cytotoxicity in both HNSCC cell lines, increasing intracellular ROS generation and the number of γ-H2AX foci, a cellular event involved in the global response to cellular stress. Taken together these results highlight the promising phototoxic profile of the complex, prompting further studies to assess its clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Jun Mattioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Ulfo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Marconi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Pellicioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Paolo Emidio Costantini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tainah Dorina Marforio
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Giosia
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Danielli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Eleonora Turrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.T.); (M.C.)
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21
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Photoprotective Effects of Cannabidiol against Ultraviolet-B-Induced DNA Damage and Autophagy in Human Keratinocyte Cells and Mouse Skin Tissue. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196740. [PMID: 36235276 PMCID: PMC9572435 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) has emerged as a phytocannabinoid with various beneficial effects for the skin, including anti-photoaging effects, but its mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated. The study assessed CBD’s photoprotective effects against acute ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced damage in HaCaT human keratinocyte cells and murine skin tissue. CBD (8 μM) alleviated UVB-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and G2/M cell cycle arrest in HaCaT cells. The contents of γH2AX and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers were decreased after CBD treatment. CBD reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and modulated the expression of antioxidant-related proteins such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in UVB-stimulated HaCaT cells. Furthermore, CBD mitigated the UVB-induced cytotoxicity by activating autophagy. In addition, a cream containing 5% CBD showed effectiveness against UVB-induced photodamage in a murine model. The CBD cream improved the skin’s condition by lowering the photodamage scores, reducing abnormal skin proliferation, and decreasing expression of the inflammation-related protein cyclooxygenase-2 in UVB-irradiated skin tissue. These findings indicate that CBD might be beneficial in alleviating UVB-induced skin damage in humans. The photoprotective effects of CBD might be attributed to its modulatory effects on redox homeostasis and autophagy.
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22
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Methanol Extract of Commelina Plant Inhibits Oral Cancer Cell Proliferation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091813. [PMID: 36139887 PMCID: PMC9495315 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Data regarding the effects of crude extract of Commelina plants in oral cancer treatment are scarce. This present study aimed to assess the proliferation-modulating effects of the Commelina sp. (MECO) methanol extract on oral cancer cells in culture, Ca9-22, and CAL 27. MECO suppressed viability to a greater extent in oral cancer cells than in normal cells. MECO also induced more annexin V, apoptosis, and caspase signaling for caspases 3/8/9 in oral cancer cells. The preferential antiproliferation and apoptosis were associated with cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress in oral cancer cells. Moreover, MECO also preferentially induced DNA damage in oral cancer cells by elevating γH2AX and 8-hydroxyl-2′-deoxyguanosine. The oxidative stress scavengers N-acetylcysteine or MitoTEMPO reverted these preferential antiproliferation mechanisms. It can be concluded that MECO is a natural product with preferential antiproliferation effects and exhibits an oxidative stress-associated mechanism in oral cancer cells.
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23
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Jing J, Wu N, Xu W, Wang Y, Pawlowski WP, He Y. An F-box protein ACOZ1 functions in crossover formation by ensuring proper chromosome compaction during maize meiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:157-172. [PMID: 35322878 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is an essential reproductive process to create new genetic variation. During early meiosis, higher order chromosome organization creates a platform for meiotic processes to ensure the accuracy of recombination and chromosome segregation. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms underlying dynamic chromosome organization in plant meiosis. Here, we describe abnormal chromosome organization in zygotene1 (ACOZ1), which encodes a canonical F-box protein in maize. In acoz1 mutant meiocytes, chromosomes maintain a leptotene-like state and never compact to a zygotene-like configuration. Telomere bouquet formation and homologous pairing are also distorted and installation of synaptonemal complex ZYP1 protein is slightly defective. Loading of early recombination proteins RAD51 and DMC1 is unaffected, indicating that ACOZ1 is not required for double strand break formation or repair. However, crossover formation is severely disturbed. The ACOZ1 protein localizes on the boundary of chromatin, rather directly to chromosomes. Furthermore, we identified that ACOZ1 interacts with SKP1 through its C-terminus, revealing that it acts as a subunit of the SCF E3 ubiquitin/SUMO ligase complex. Overall, our results suggest that ACOZ1 functions independently from the core meiotic recombination pathway to influence crossover formation by controlling chromosome compaction during maize meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli Jing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Nan Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Wanyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yingxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | | | - Yan He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
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24
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Meevassana J, Nacharoenkul P, Wititsuwannakul J, Kitkumthorn N, Hamill K, Angspatt A, Mutirangura A. B1 repetitive sequence methylation enhances wound healing of second‑degree burns in rats. Biomed Rep 2022; 16:20. [PMID: 35251607 PMCID: PMC8850962 DOI: 10.3892/br.2022.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of DNA damage in burn wounds delays wound healing. DNA methylation by short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) small interfering (si)RNA prevents DNA damage and promotes cell proliferation. Therefore, SINE siRNA may be able to promote burn wound healing. Here, a SINE B1 siRNA was used to treat burn wounds in rats. Second-degree burn wounds were introduced on the backs of rats. The rats were then divided into three groups: a B1 siRNA-treated, saline-treated control, and saline + calcium phosphate-nanoparticle-treated control group (n=15/group). The wounds were imaged on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 post-injury. The tissue sections were processed for methylation, histological and immunohistochemical examination, and scored based on the overall expression of histone H2AX phosphorylated on serine 139 (γH2AX) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Burn wound closure improved in the B1 siRNA-treated group compared with that in the control group, especially from days 14-28 post-injury (P<0.001). The overall pathological score and degree of B1 methylation in the B1 siRNA-treated group improved significantly at days 14-28 post-injury, with the maximum improvement observed on day 14 (P<0.01) compared with the NSS and Ca-P nanoparticle groups. Immunohistochemical staining revealed lower expression of γH2AX and 8-OHdG in the B1 siRNA-treated group than in the control groups at days 14-28 post-injury; the maximum improvement was observed on days 14 and 21. These data imply that administering SINE siRNA is a promising therapeutic option for managing second-degree burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraroch Meevassana
- Department of Anatomy, Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Panupong Nacharoenkul
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jade Wititsuwannakul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Kitkumthorn
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kevin Hamill
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, United Kingdom
| | - Apichai Angspatt
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Department of Anatomy, Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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25
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Vicar T, Gumulec J, Kolar R, Kopecna O, Pagacova E, Falkova I, Falk M. DeepFoci: Deep learning-based algorithm for fast automatic analysis of DNA double-strand break ionizing radiation-induced foci. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 19:6465-6480. [PMID: 34976305 PMCID: PMC8668444 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), marked by ionizing radiation-induced (repair) foci (IRIFs), are the most serious DNA lesions and are dangerous to human health. IRIF quantification based on confocal microscopy represents the most sensitive and gold-standard method in radiation biodosimetry and allows research on DSB induction and repair at the molecular and single-cell levels. In this study, we introduce DeepFoci - a deep learning-based fully automatic method for IRIF counting and morphometric analysis. DeepFoci is designed to work with 3D multichannel data (trained for 53BP1 and γH2AX) and uses U-Net for nucleus segmentation and IRIF detection, together with maximally stable extremal region-based IRIF segmentation. The proposed method was trained and tested on challenging datasets consisting of mixtures of nonirradiated and irradiated cells of different types and IRIF characteristics - permanent cell lines (NHDFs, U-87) and primary cell cultures prepared from tumors and adjacent normal tissues of head and neck cancer patients. The cells were dosed with 0.5-8 Gy γ-rays and fixed at multiple (0-24 h) postirradiation times. Under all circumstances, DeepFoci quantified the number of IRIFs with the highest accuracy among current advanced algorithms. Moreover, while the detection error of DeepFoci remained comparable to the variability between two experienced experts, the software maintained its sensitivity and fidelity across dramatically different IRIF counts per nucleus. In addition, information was extracted on IRIF 3D morphometric features and repair protein colocalization within IRIFs. This approach allowed multiparameter IRIF categorization of single- or multichannel data, thereby refining the analysis of DSB repair processes and classification of patient tumors, with the potential to identify specific cell subclones. The developed software improves IRIF quantification for various practical applications (radiotherapy monitoring, biodosimetry, etc.) and opens the door to advanced DSB focus analysis and, in turn, a better understanding of (radiation-induced) DNA damage and repair.
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Key Words
- 53BP1, P53-binding protein 1
- Biodosimetry
- CNN, convolutional neural network
- Confocal Microscopy
- Convolutional Neural Network
- DNA Damage and Repair
- DSB, DNA double-strand break
- Deep Learning
- FOV, field of view
- GUI, graphical user interface
- IRIF, ionizing radiation-induced (repair) foci
- Image Analysis
- Ionizing Radiation-Induced Foci (IRIFs)
- MSER, maximally stable extremal region (algorithm)
- Morphometry
- NHDFs, normal human dermal fibroblasts
- RAD51, DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1
- U-87, U-87 glioblastoma cell line
- γH2AX, histone H2AX phosphorylated at serine 139
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Vicar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno, Czech Republic.,Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Gumulec
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kolar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Kopecna
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Pagacova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Falkova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Falk
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, Brno, Czech Republic
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26
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Li X, Zhu R, Yuan Y, Cai Z, Liang S, Bian J, Xu G. Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase-knockdown inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of DU145 and PC3 cells by promoting the phosphorylation of H2A.X variant histone. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:764. [PMID: 34589143 PMCID: PMC8442165 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR1) is a member of the adenosine deaminases acting on RNA family that catalyze the adenosine-to-inosine editing of double-stranded RNA substrates. Several studies have reported that ADAR1 is closely associated with numerous malignancies. However, the functional roles of ADAR1 in prostate cancer (PCa) have not been fully elucidated. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of ADAR1 on PCa. The results demonstrated that ADAR1 was highly expressed in PCa tissues compared with normal tissues. Furthermore, the protein expression level of ADAR1 was significantly increased in castration-resistant PCa (CRPCa) tissues and CRPCa cell lines. Thus, these findings indicated that ADAR1 may act as a tumor promoter for PCa development. Next, the potential effects of ADAR1-knockdown on the proliferation of DU145 and PC3 cells were investigated. ADAR1 was knocked down via small interfering RNA transfection, which was found to exert antitumor effects on DU145 and PC3 cells at 24 and 48 h post transfection. Furthermore, a significant positive association was observed between ADAR1-knockdown and the apoptosis of DU145 and PC3 cells, which increased the phosphorylation of H2A.X variant histone. The results of the present study indicated a positive association between ADAR1 expression and PCa, which may promote the development of CRPCa. Moreover, ADAR1-knockdown may serve as a tumor suppressor and represent a potential target for the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiezhao Li
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Yaoji Yuan
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Zhiduan Cai
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Siyang Liang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Jun Bian
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Guibin Xu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
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27
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Yang KH, Lin YS, Wang SC, Lee MY, Tang JY, Chang FR, Chuang YT, Sheu JH, Chang HW. Soft Coral-Derived Dihydrosinularin Exhibits Antiproliferative Effects Associated with Apoptosis and DNA Damage in Oral Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:994. [PMID: 34681218 PMCID: PMC8539362 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydrosinularin (DHS) is an analog of soft coral-derived sinularin; however, the anticancer effects and mechanisms of DHS have seldom been reported. This investigation examined the antiproliferation ability and mechanisms of DHS on oral cancer cells. In a cell viability assay, DHS showed growth inhibition against several types of oral cancer cell lines (Ca9-22, SCC-9, OECM-1, CAL 27, OC-2, and HSC-3) with no cytotoxic side effects on non-malignant oral cells (HGF-1). Ca9-22 and SCC-9 cell lines showing high susceptibility to DHS were selected to explore the antiproliferation mechanisms of DHS. DHS also causes apoptosis as detected by annexin V, pancaspase, and caspase 3 activation. DHS induces oxidative stress, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MitoMP) depletion. DHS also induced DNA damage by probing γH2AX phosphorylation. Pretreatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can partly counter these DHS-induced changes. We report that the marine natural product DHS can inhibit the cell growth of oral cancer cells. Exploring the mechanisms of this cancer cell growth inhibition, we demonstrate the prominent role DHS plays in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Han Yang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.-H.Y.); (F.-R.C.)
| | - Yu-Sheng Lin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (S.-C.W.); (M.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Sheng-Chieh Wang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (S.-C.W.); (M.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Min-Yu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (S.-C.W.); (M.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.-H.Y.); (F.-R.C.)
| | - Ya-Ting Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (S.-C.W.); (M.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Frontier Center for Ocean Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (S.-C.W.); (M.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.C.)
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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28
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Tissue Architecture Influences the Biological Effectiveness of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy in In Vitro/In Silico Three-Dimensional Self-Assembly Cell Models of Pancreatic Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164058. [PMID: 34439214 PMCID: PMC8394840 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is becoming one of the most promising radiotherapies for aggressive cancers, but the detailed cellular mechanisms of BNCT remain largely underexplored. Solid tumors are composed of heterogeneous cell populations, which create a 3-dimensional complicated microenvironment for tumor progression. To recapture the influences of the microenvironment on BNCT efficacy, we applied a self-assembly 3D cell culture system with two different types of pancreatic cancer cells. In contrast to previous findings with γ-ray exposure, we found that the 3D architecture of pancreatic tumor can facilitate the susceptibility of cancer cells to BNCT, as compared to 2D tissue structure; a computer simulation model was established to further confirm this unexpected finding. These outcomes can contribute to better understanding of the radiobiology of BNCT, and the developed models may facilitate the recent development in personalized radiotherapy. Abstract Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer death, and boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is one of the promising radiotherapy techniques for patients with pancreatic cancer. In this study, we evaluated the biological effectiveness of BNCT at multicellular levels using in vitro and in silico models. To recapture the phenotypic characteristic of pancreatic tumors, we developed a cell self-assembly approach with human pancreatic cancer cells Panc-1 and BxPC-3 cocultured with MRC-5 fibroblasts. On substrate with physiological stiffness, tumor cells self-assembled into 3D spheroids, and the cocultured fibroblasts further facilitated the assembly process, which recapture the influence of tumor stroma. Interestingly, after 1.2 MW neutron irradiation, lower survival rates and higher apoptosis (increasing by 4-fold for Panc-1 and 1.5-fold for BxPC-3) were observed in 3D spheroids, instead of in 2D monolayers. The unexpected low tolerance of 3D spheroids to BNCT highlights the unique characteristics of BNCT over conventional radiotherapy. The uptake of boron-containing compound boronophenylalanine (BPA) and the alteration of E-cadherin can partially contribute to the observed susceptibility. In addition to biological effects, the probability of induced α-particle exposure correlated to the multicellular organization was speculated to affect the cellular responses to BNCT. A Monte Carlo (MC) simulation was also established to further interpret the observed survival. Intracellular boron distribution in the multicellular structure and related treatment resistance were reconstructed in silico. Simulation results demonstrated that the physical architecture is one of the essential factors for biological effectiveness in BNCT, which supports our in vitro findings. In summary, we developed in vitro and in silico self-assembly 3D models to evaluate the effectiveness of BNCT on pancreatic tumors. Considering the easy-access of this 3D cell-assembly platform, this study may not only contribute to the current understanding of BNCT but is also expected to be applied to evaluate the BNCT efficacy for individualized treatment plans in the future.
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Koike M, Yutoku Y, Koike A. Inhibition of Crandell-Rees Feline Kidney cell proliferation by X-ray-induced senescence. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:798-804. [PMID: 33731502 PMCID: PMC8182323 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance and radiotoxicity have been reported following cancer treatments in felines. Optimizing radiation doses to induce cytotoxic effects to only cancer cells and not normal cells is critical in achieving effective radiation therapy; however, the mechanisms of radiation resistance, radiotoxicity, and DNA damage response (DDR) in feline cells have not yet been elucidated. A DNA double-strand break (DSB) is the most toxic type of DNA damage induced by X-rays and heavy ion beams used in treating cancers. Crandell-Rees Feline Kidney (CRFK) cells is one of the most widely used cat cells in life science research. Here, we report that DSB-triggered senescence induced by X-rays is important in inhibiting the proliferation of CRFK cells. We demonstrated through cell proliferation assay that X-rays at doses 2 Gy and 10 Gy are toxic to CRFK cells that irradiating CRFK cells inhibits their proliferation. In X-irradiated CRFK cells, a dose-dependent increase in DSB-triggered senescence was detected according to morphological changes and using senescence-associated β galactosidase staining assay. Moreover, our data indicated that in CRFK cells, the major DDR pathway, which involves the phosphorylation of H2AX at Ser139, was normally activated by ATM kinases. Our findings are useful in the understanding of X-rays-induced cellular senescence and in elucidating biological effects of radiation, e.g., toxicity, in feline cells. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the CRFK cell line is an excellent matrix for elucidating radioresistance and radiotoxicity in cat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Koike
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.,Department of Regulatory Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Yutoku
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Aki Koike
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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30
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Inhibition of Aurora Kinase B activity disrupts development and differentiation of salivary glands. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:16. [PMID: 33462217 PMCID: PMC7814035 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00393-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the key molecules that regulate cell division during organogenesis. Here we determine the role of the cell cycle promoter aurora kinase B (AURKB) during development, using embryonic salivary glands (E-SGs) as a model. AURKB is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates key events in mitosis, which makes it an attractive target for tailored anticancer therapy. Many reports have elaborated on the role of AURKB in neoplasia and cancer; however, no previous study has shown its role during organ development. Our previous experiments have highlighted the essential requirement for AURKB during adult exocrine regeneration. To investigate if AURKB is similarly required for progression during embryonic development, we pharmacologically inhibited AURKB in developing submandibular glands (SMGs) at embryonic day (E)13.5 and E16.5, using the highly potent and selective drug Barasertib. Inhibition of AURKB interfered with the expansion of the embryonic buds. Interestingly, this effect on SMG development was also seen when the mature explants (E16.5) were incubated for 24 h with another cell cycle inhibitor Aphidicolin. Barasertib prompted apoptosis, DNA damage and senescence, the markers of which (cleaved caspase 3, γH2AX, SA-βgal and p21, respectively), were predominantly seen in the developing buds. In addition to a reduction in cell cycling and proliferation of the epithelial cells in response to AURKB inhibition, Barasertib treatment led to an excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that resulted in downregulation of the acinar differentiation marker Mist1. Importantly, inhibition of ROS was able to rescue this loss of identity, with Mist1 expression maintained despite loss of AURKB. Together, these data identify AURKB as a key molecule in supporting embryonic development and differentiation, while inhibiting senescence-inducing signals during organogenesis.
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31
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Waters T, Goss KL, Koppenhafer SL, Terry WW, Gordon DJ. Eltrombopag inhibits the proliferation of Ewing sarcoma cells via iron chelation and impaired DNA replication. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1171. [PMID: 33256675 PMCID: PMC7706234 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07668-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The treatment of Ewing sarcoma, an aggressive bone and soft tissue sarcoma, is associated with suboptimal outcomes and significant side-effects. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify novel therapies that will improve outcomes for children and adults with Ewing sarcoma tumors while also decreasing treatment-related toxicities. Methods We analyzed data from the PRISM drug repurposing screen, which tested the activity of 4518 drugs across 578 cancer cell lines, to identify drugs that selectively inhibit the growth of Ewing sarcoma cell lines. We then tested the effects of a top hit from the screen on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and activation of the DNA damage pathway using Ewing sarcoma cell lines. We also used a CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout approach to investigate the role of Schlafen 11 (SLFN11), a restriction factor for DNA replication stress that is overexpressed in Ewing sarcoma tumors, in mediating the sensitivity of Ewing sarcoma cells to the drug. Results We found that eltrombopag, an FDA-approved thrombopoietin-receptor agonist (TPO-RA) that is currently being evaluated as a treatment for chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, inhibits the growth of Ewing sarcoma cell lines in vitro in proliferation and colony formation assays. However, from a mechanistic standpoint, the thrombopoietin receptor is not expressed in Ewing sarcoma cells and we show that eltrombopag impairs DNA replication and causes DNA damage in Ewing sarcoma cells by chelating iron, a known “off-target” effect of the drug. We also found that the sensitivity of Ewing sarcoma cells to eltrombopag is mediated, in part, by SLFN11, which regulates the cellular response to DNA replication stress. Conclusions Ewing sarcoma cell lines are sensitive to eltrombopag and this drug could improve outcomes for patients with Ewing sarcoma tumors by both targeting the tumor, via chelation of iron and inhibition of DNA replication, and reducing chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, via stimulation of the thrombopoietin receptor. Supplementary Information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12885-020-07668-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torin Waters
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, 25 S Grand Avenue, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Kelli L Goss
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, 25 S Grand Avenue, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Stacia L Koppenhafer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, 25 S Grand Avenue, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - William W Terry
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, 25 S Grand Avenue, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - David J Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, 25 S Grand Avenue, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA.
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32
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Lone IN, Sengez B, Hamiche A, Dimitrov S, Alotaibi H. The Role of Histone Variants in the Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112499. [PMID: 33213091 PMCID: PMC7698467 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological process activated during early embryogenesis, which continues to shape tissues and organs later on. It is also hijacked by tumor cells during metastasis. The regulation of EMT has been the focus of many research groups culminating in the last few years and resulting in an elaborate transcriptional network buildup. However, the implication of epigenetic factors in the control of EMT is still in its infancy. Recent discoveries pointed out that histone variants, which are key epigenetic players, appear to be involved in EMT control. This review summarizes the available data on histone variants' function in EMT that would contribute to a better understanding of EMT itself and EMT-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Nisar Lone
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (I.N.L.); (B.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Burcu Sengez
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (I.N.L.); (B.S.); (S.D.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Ali Hamiche
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67400 Illkirch, France;
| | - Stefan Dimitrov
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (I.N.L.); (B.S.); (S.D.)
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Site Santé-Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Hani Alotaibi
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (I.N.L.); (B.S.); (S.D.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-232-299-4100 (ext. 5071)
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Zhang J, Li A, Sun H, Xiong X, Qin S, Wang P, Dai L, Zhang Z, Li X, Liu Z. Amentoflavone triggers cell cycle G2/M arrest by interfering with microtubule dynamics and inducing DNA damage in SKOV3 cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:168. [PMID: 32934735 PMCID: PMC7471765 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-associated mortality among gynecological malignancies worldwide. The combination of antimitotic agents, such as taxanes, and the DNA-damaging agents, such as platinum compounds, is the standard treatment for ovarian cancer. However, due to chemoresistance, development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ovarian cancer remains critical. Amentoflavone (AMF) is a biflavonoid derived from the extracts of Selaginella tamariscina, which has been used as a Chinese herb for thousands of years. A previous study demonstrated that AMF inhibits angiogenesis of endothelial cells and induces apoptosis in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. In order to check the influence of AMF on cell proliferation, the effects of AMF on cell cycle and DNA damage were measured by cell viability, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and western blotting assays in SKOV3 cells, an ovarian cell line. In the present study, treatment with AMF inhibited ovarian cell proliferation, increased P21 expression, decreased CDK1/2 expression, interrupted the balance of microtubule dynamics and arrested cells at the G2 phase. Furthermore, treatment with AMF increased the expression levels of phospho-Histone H2AX (γ-H2AX; a variant of histone 2A, that belongs to the histone 2A family member X) and the DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (Rad51), indicating the occurrence of DNA damage since γ-H2AX and Rad51 are both key markers of DNA damage. Consistent with previous findings, the results of the present study suggest that AMF is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of ovarian cancer. In addition, the effects of AMF on cell cycle arrest and DNA damage induction may be the molecular mechanisms by which AMF might exert its potential therapeutic benefits in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Aiguo Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Hanjing Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Xifeng Xiong
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan Qin
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Pengzhen Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Libing Dai
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojian Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Zhihe Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
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Zorin V, Grekhova A, Pustovalova M, Zorina A, Smetanina N, Vorobyeva N, Kopnin P, Gilmutdinova I, Moskalev A, Osipov AN, Leonov S. Spontaneous γH2AX foci in human dermal fibroblasts in relation to proliferation activity and aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:4536-4546. [PMID: 31289256 PMCID: PMC6660037 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the effects of donor age on clonogenicity, proliferative potential, and spontaneous γH2AX foci in the proliferating (Ki67 +) and senescent (SA β-gal +) cultures of skin fibroblasts isolated from 34 donors of different age (23-82 years). Here, we demonstrated that neither the colony forming effectiveness of proliferating (Ki67+) fraction of the fibroblasts nor the average number of γH2AX foci of the same fraction does not depend on the age of the donor. The correlation between the number of γH2AX foci and the donor's age was reliable in quiescent (Ki67-) cells. The average number of γH2AX foci in quiescent fibroblasts of donors older than 68 years was about two times higher than in the same cells of up to 30 years old donors. The number of γH2AX foci demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation with the fraction of proliferating cells in fibroblast cultures. On average, proliferating cells have twice as many the γH2AX foci in comparison with the quiescent cells. Within a population of proliferating (Ki67+) cells, the degree of senescence correlated with a relative declining of constitutive γH2AX foci number, whereas in the population of quiescent (Ki67-) cells, it was proportional to augmenting the number of the γH2AX foci. Our data on a statistically significant (p=0.001) correlation between the age of the donor and the number of constitutive γH2AX foci in quiescent cells, could point out the ongoing DNA-damage response due in the maintenance of the senescent state of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Zorin
- Human Stem Cells Institute, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Anna Grekhova
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Margarita Pustovalova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - Alla Zorina
- Human Stem Cells Institute, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Smetanina
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Natalia Vorobyeva
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Pavel Kopnin
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Oncology Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Ilmira Gilmutdinova
- FSBI "National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology", Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow 121099, Russia
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology and Gerontology, Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia.,Laboratory of Post-Genomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andreyan N Osipov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey Leonov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia.,Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
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35
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Feng JX, Riddle NC. Epigenetics and genome stability. Mamm Genome 2020; 31:181-195. [PMID: 32296924 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-020-09836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining genome stability is essential to an organism's health and survival. Breakdown of the mechanisms protecting the genome and the resulting genome instability are an important aspect of the aging process and have been linked to diseases such as cancer. Thus, a large network of interconnected pathways is responsible for ensuring genome integrity in the face of the continuous challenges that induce DNA damage. While these pathways are diverse, epigenetic mechanisms play a central role in many of them. DNA modifications, histone variants and modifications, chromatin structure, and non-coding RNAs all carry out a variety of functions to ensure that genome stability is maintained. Epigenetic mechanisms ensure the functions of centromeres and telomeres that are essential for genome stability. Epigenetic mechanisms also protect the genome from the invasion by transposable elements and contribute to various DNA repair pathways. In this review, we highlight the integral role of epigenetic mechanisms in the maintenance of genome stability and draw attention to issues in need of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina X Feng
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nicole C Riddle
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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36
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Bayo J, Tran TA, Wang L, Peña-Llopis S, Das AK, Martinez ED. Jumonji Inhibitors Overcome Radioresistance in Cancer through Changes in H3K4 Methylation at Double-Strand Breaks. Cell Rep 2019; 25:1040-1050.e5. [PMID: 30355483 PMCID: PMC6245670 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We have uncovered a role for Jumonji inhibitors in overcoming radioresistance through KDM5B inhibition. Pharmacological blockade of Jumonji demethy-lases with JIB-04 leads to specific accumulation of H3K4me3 at sites marked by γH2AX and impaired recruitment of DNA repair factors, preventing resolution of damage and resulting in robust sensitization to radiation therapy. In DNA-repair-proficient cancer cells, knockdown of the H3K4me3 demethylase KDM5B, but not other Jumonji enzymes, mimics pharmacological inhibition, and KDM5B overexpression rescues this phenotype and increases radioresistance. The H3K4me3 demethylase inhibitor PBIT also sensitizes cancer cells to radiation, while an H3K27me3 demethylase inhibitor does not. In vivo co-administration of radiation with JIB-04 significantly prolongs the survival of mice with tumors even long after cessation of treatment. In human patients, lung squamous cell carcinomas highly ex-pressing KDM5B respond poorly to radiation. Thus, we propose the use of Jumonji KDM inhibitors as potent radiosensitizers. Radioresistance is an obstacle to lung cancer cures. Bayo et al. reveal that JARID1B removes H3K4me3 marks at sites of DNA damage. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of JARID1B robustly radiosensitizes cancers in vitro and in vivo through defects in DNA repair, providing a therapeutic option for radioresistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bayo
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, CONICET, Universidad Austral, Argentina
| | - Tram Anh Tran
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Samuel Peña-Llopis
- Division of Translational Oncology, Essen University Hospital, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amit K Das
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elisabeth D Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Tan HW, Liang ZL, Yao Y, Wu DD, Mo HY, Gu J, Chiu JF, Xu YM, Lau ATY. Lasting DNA Damage and Aberrant DNA Repair Gene Expression Profile Are Associated with Post-Chronic Cadmium Exposure in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080842. [PMID: 31390735 PMCID: PMC6721754 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental pollutant and carcinogen. Although the exact mechanisms of Cd-induced carcinogenesis remain unclear, previous acute/chronic Cd exposure studies have shown that Cd exerts its cytotoxic and carcinogenic effects through multiple mechanisms, including interference with the DNA repair system. However, the effects of post-chronic Cd exposure remain unknown. Here, we establish a unique post-chronic Cd-exposed human lung cell model (the "CR0" cells) and investigate the effects of post-chronic Cd exposure on the DNA repair system. We found that the CR0 cells retained Cd-resistant property even though it was grown in Cd-free culture medium for over a year. The CR0 cells had lasting DNA damage due to reduced DNA repair capacity and an aberrant DNA repair gene expression profile. A total of 12 DNA repair genes associated with post-chronic Cd exposure were identified, and they could be potential biomarkers for identifying post-chronic Cd exposure. Clinical database analysis suggests that some of the DNA repair genes play a role in lung cancer patients with different smoking histories. Generally, CR0 cells were more sensitive to chemotherapeutic (cisplatin, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine tartrate) and DNA damaging (H2O2) agents, which may represent a double-edged sword for cancer prevention and treatment. Overall, we demonstrated for the first time that the effects of post-chronic Cd exposure on human lung cells are long-lasting and different from that of acute and chronic exposures. Findings from our study unveiled a new perspective on Cd-induced carcinogenesis-the post-chronic exposure of Cd. This study encourages the field of post-exposure research which is crucial but has long been ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wee Tan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhan-Ling Liang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Yao
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hai-Ying Mo
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
- Collaborative and Creative Center of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jen-Fu Chiu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan-Ming Xu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
- Collaborative and Creative Center of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Andy T Y Lau
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
- Collaborative and Creative Center of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Gasser A, Chen YW, Audebrand A, Daglayan A, Charavin M, Escoubet B, Karpov P, Tetko I, Chan MWY, Cardinale D, Désaubry L, Nebigil CG. Prokineticin Receptor-1 Signaling Inhibits Dose- and Time-Dependent Anthracycline-Induced Cardiovascular Toxicity Via Myocardial and Vascular Protection. JACC: CARDIOONCOLOGY 2019; 1:84-102. [PMID: 34396166 PMCID: PMC8352030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated how different concentrations of doxorubicin (DOX) can affect the function of cardiac cells. This study also examined whether activation of prokineticin receptor (PKR)-1 by a nonpeptide agonist, IS20, prevents DOX-induced cardiovascular toxicity in mouse models. Background High prevalence of heart failure during and following cancer treatments remains a subject of intense research and therapeutic interest. Methods This study used cultured cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells (ECs), and epicardium-derived progenitor cells (EDPCs) for in vitro assays, tumor-bearing models, and acute and chronic toxicity mouse models for in vivo assays. Results Brief exposure to cardiomyocytes with high-dose DOX increased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting a detoxification mechanism via stabilization of cytoplasmic nuclear factor, erythroid 2. Prolonged exposure to medium-dose DOX induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, ECs, and EDPCs. However, low-dose DOX promoted functional defects without inducing apoptosis in EDPCs and ECs. IS20 alleviated detrimental effects of DOX in cardiac cells by activating the serin threonin protein kinase B (Akt) or mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Genetic or pharmacological inactivation of PKR1 subdues these effects of IS20. In a chronic mouse model of DOX cardiotoxicity, IS20 normalized an elevated serum marker of cardiotoxicity and vascular and EDPC deficits, attenuated apoptosis and fibrosis, and improved the survival rate and cardiac function. IS20 did not interfere with the cytotoxicity or antitumor effects of DOX in breast cancer lines or in a mouse model of breast cancer, but it did attenuate the decreases in left ventricular diastolic volume induced by acute DOX treatment. Conclusions This study identified the molecular and cellular signature of dose-dependent, DOX-mediated cardiotoxicity and provided evidence that PKR-1 is a promising target to combat cardiotoxicity of cancer treatments.
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Key Words
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- EC, endothelial cell
- EDPC, epicardium-derived progenitor cell
- EF, ejection fraction
- FS, fractional shortening
- GPCR, G-protein–coupled receptor
- HAEC, human aortic endothelial cell
- HF, heart failure
- HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- NRF2, nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (also known as NFE2L2)
- PECAM, platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule
- PKR1, prokineticin receptor-1 (also known as PROKR1)
- PKR1-KO, prokineticin receptor 1 knockout mice
- PROK1, prokineticin 1
- PROK2, prokineticin 2
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling
- breast cancer
- doxorubicin
- endothelial dysfunction
- epicardial progenitor cells
- heart failure
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Gasser
- Laboratory of Cardio-Oncology and Medicinal Chemistry, CNRS (FRE2033), Illkirch, France
| | - Yu-Wen Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anais Audebrand
- Laboratory of Cardio-Oncology and Medicinal Chemistry, CNRS (FRE2033), Illkirch, France
| | - Ayhan Daglayan
- Laboratory of Cardio-Oncology and Medicinal Chemistry, CNRS (FRE2033), Illkirch, France
| | - Marine Charavin
- Laboratory of Cardio-Oncology and Medicinal Chemistry, CNRS (FRE2033), Illkirch, France
| | - Brigitte Escoubet
- FRIM UMS37, Hospital Bichat assistance public-Paris Hospital, University of Paris Diderot, PRES Paris Cité, DHU FIRE, Inserm U1138, Paris, France
| | - Pavel Karpov
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Igor Tetko
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael W Y Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Daniela Cardinale
- Cardioncology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, I.R.C.C.S., Milan Italy
| | - Laurent Désaubry
- Laboratory of Cardio-Oncology and Medicinal Chemistry, CNRS (FRE2033), Illkirch, France
| | - Canan G Nebigil
- Laboratory of Cardio-Oncology and Medicinal Chemistry, CNRS (FRE2033), Illkirch, France
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Manco R, Clerbaux LA, Verhulst S, Bou Nader M, Sempoux C, Ambroise J, Bearzatto B, Gala JL, Horsmans Y, van Grunsven L, Desdouets C, Leclercq I. Reactive cholangiocytes differentiate into proliferative hepatocytes with efficient DNA repair in mice with chronic liver injury. J Hepatol 2019; 70:1180-1191. [PMID: 30794890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Chronic liver diseases are characterized by expansion of the small immature cholangiocytes - a mechanism named ductular reaction (DR) - which have the capacity to differentiate into hepatocytes. We investigated the kinetics of this differentiation, as well as analyzing several important features of the newly formed hepatocytes, such as functional maturity, clonal expansion and resistance to stress in mice with long-term liver damage. METHODS We tracked cholangiocytes using osteopontin-iCreERT2 and hepatocytes with AAV8-TBG-Cre. Mice received carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for >24 weeks to induce chronic liver injury. Livers were collected for the analysis of reporter proteins, cell proliferation and death, DNA damage, and nuclear ploidy; hepatocytes were also isolated for RNA sequencing. RESULTS During liver injury we observed a transient DR and the differentiation of DR cells into hepatocytes as clones that expanded to occupy 12% of the liver parenchyma by week 8. By lineage tracing, we confirmed that these new hepatocytes derived from cholangiocytes but not from native hepatocytes. They had all the features of mature functional hepatocytes. In contrast to the exhausted native hepatocytes, these newly formed hepatocytes had higher proliferative capability, less apoptosis, a lower proportion of highly polyploid nuclei and were better at eliminating DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS In chronic liver injury, DR cells differentiate into stress-resistant hepatocytes that repopulate the liver. The process might account for the observed parenchymal reconstitution in livers of patients with advanced-stage hepatitis and could be a target for regenerative purposes. LAY SUMMARY During chronic liver disease, while native hepatocytes are exhausted and genetically unstable, a subset of cholangiocytes clonally expand to differentiate into young, functional and robust hepatocytes. This cholangiocyte cell population is a promising target for regenerative therapies in patients with chronic liver insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Manco
- Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure-Alix Clerbaux
- Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Verhulst
- Liver Cell Biology Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Myriam Bou Nader
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Christine Sempoux
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Ambroise
- Centre de Technologies Moléculaires Appliquées, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Bearzatto
- Centre de Technologies Moléculaires Appliquées, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean Luc Gala
- Centre de Technologies Moléculaires Appliquées, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Horsmans
- Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Hepato-gastroenterology Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leo van Grunsven
- Liver Cell Biology Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chantal Desdouets
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Leclercq
- Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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El Bezawy R, Tinelli S, Tortoreto M, Doldi V, Zuco V, Folini M, Stucchi C, Rancati T, Valdagni R, Gandellini P, Zaffaroni N. miR-205 enhances radiation sensitivity of prostate cancer cells by impairing DNA damage repair through PKCε and ZEB1 inhibition. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:51. [PMID: 30717752 PMCID: PMC6360656 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is one of the main treatment options for non-metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). Although treatment technical optimization has greatly improved local tumor control, a considerable fraction of patients still experience relapse due to the development of resistance. Radioresistance is a complex and still poorly understood phenomenon involving the deregulation of a variety of signaling pathways as a consequence of several genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. In this context, cumulative evidence supports a functional role of microRNAs in affecting radioresistance, suggesting the modulation of their expression as a novel radiosensitizing approach. Here, we investigated for the first time the ability of miR-205 to enhance the radiation response of PCa models. METHODS miR-205 reconstitution by a miRNA mimic in PCa cell lines (DU145 and PC-3) was used to elucidate miR-205 biological role. Radiation response in miRNA-reconstituted and control cells was assessed by clonogenic assay, immunofluorescence-based detection of nuclear γ-H2AX foci and comet assay. RNAi was used to silence the miRNA targets PKCε or ZEB1. In addition, target-protection experiments were carried out using a custom oligonucleotide designed to physically disrupt the pairing between the miR-205 and PKCε. For in vivo experiments, xenografts generated in SCID mice by implanting DU145 cells stably expressing miR-205 were exposed to 5-Gy single dose irradiation using an image-guided animal micro-irradiator. RESULTS miR-205 reconstitution was able to significantly enhance the radiation response of prostate cancer cell lines and xenografts through the impairment of radiation-induced DNA damage repair, as a consequence of PKCε and ZEB1 inhibition. Indeed, phenocopy experiments based on knock-down of either PKCε or ZEB1 reproduced miR-205 radiosensitizing effect, hence confirming a functional role of both targets in the process. At the molecular level, miR-205-induced suppression of PKCε counteracted radioresistance through the impairment of EGFR nuclear translocation and the consequent DNA-PK activation. Consistently, disruption of miR-205-PKCε 3'UTR pairing almost completely abrogated the radiosensitizing effect. CONCLUSIONS Our results uncovered the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the radiosensitizing effect of miR-205. These findings support the clinical interest in developing a novel therapeutic approach based on miR-205 reconstitution to increase PCa response to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihan El Bezawy
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stella Tinelli
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Tortoreto
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Doldi
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Zuco
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Folini
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Stucchi
- Medical Physics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Rancati
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Valdagni
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Radiation Oncology 1 Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Gandellini
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Overexpression of sialidase NEU3 increases the cellular radioresistance potential of U87MG glioblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 508:31-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Quiescent Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Are More Resistant to Heat Stress than Cycling Cells. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:3753547. [PMID: 30675168 PMCID: PMC6323451 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3753547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quiescence is the prevailing state of many cell types under homeostatic conditions. Yet, surprisingly, little is known about how quiescent cells respond to environmental challenges. The aim of the present study is to compare stress responses of cycling and quiescent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Human endometrial mesenchymal cells (eMSС) were employed as adult stem cells. eMSC quiescence was modeled by serum starvation. Sublethal heat shock (HS) was used as a stress factor. Both quiescent and cycling cells were heated at 45°C for 30 min and then returned to standard culture conditions for their recovery. HS response was monitored by DNA damage response, stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS), cell proliferation activity, and oxidative metabolism. It has been found that quiescent cells repair DNA more rapidly, resume proliferation, and undergo SIPS less than proliferating cells. HS-enforced ROS production in heated cycling cells was accompanied with increased expression of genes regulating redox-active proteins. Quiescent cells exposed to HS did not intensify the ROS production, and genes involved in antioxidant defense were mostly silent. Altogether, the results have shown that quiescent cells are more resistant to heat stress than cycling cells. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) demonstrates that HS-survived cells retain differentiation capacity and do not exhibit signs of spontaneous transformation.
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Korol PO, Tkachenko MM. THE ROLE OF RADIOACTIVE METHODS IN THE DIAGNOSTIC TYPE OF HYDRONEPHROSIS IN CLEAN-UP WORKERS OF CHORNOBYL ACCIDENT. PROBLEMY RADIATSIINOI MEDYTSYNY TA RADIOBIOLOHII 2018; 23:351-358. [PMID: 30582856 DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2018-23-351-358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Since the introduction of radionuclide research methods into clinical practice, they occupy an importantplace in the diagnosis of hydronephrosis and, at the same time, sufficiently objective, sensitive and atraumaticmethods of investigation. OBJECTIVE On the basis of retrospective data, to investigate the diagnostic role of radionuclide renography (RRG)and the method of indirect radionuclide renangiography (IRAG) in clean-up workers of Chornobyl accident withhydronephrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 257 patients with hydronephrosis (140 women and 117 men) aged 15 to 77 yearswere examined by the RRG and the IRAG. The RRG technique consists of intravenous administration of a solution of131I-hypurane (2.5 kBq/kg) and continuous registration for 20 minutes of the level of radioactivity above the kid-neys with the help of sensors of the renograph UR 1-1. The IRAG was conducted for 30-45 seconds with exposure1 frame per second after intravenous administration of a solution of 99mTc-pentatech (2 MBq/kg). RESULTS The results of the radionuclide study of the hemodynamics of patients with different stages ofhydronephrosis made it possible to draw a conclusion regarding the expediency of taking into account the condi-tion of the cup-pelvic system in the preoperative period, as well as the parameters of the arterial and venous circu-lation. CONCLUSIONS Combined use of X-ray and radionuclide methods allows establishing the cause and consequences ofhydronephrosis, to develop a rational treatment plan. RRG and IRAG are reliable methods of dynamic control in post-operative observation of clean-up workers of Chornobyl accident with hydronephrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O Korol
- Bohomolets National Medical University, 01601, Kiev, 13 T. Shevchenko Blvd, UkraineKiev Clinical City Hospital #12, 01103, Kiev, 4a Pidvysockyi str., Ukraine
| | - M M Tkachenko
- Bohomolets National Medical University, 01601, Kiev, 13 T. Shevchenko Blvd, Ukraine
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Ilienko IM, Golyarnik NA, Lyaskivska OV, Belayev OA, Bazyka DA. EXPRESSION OF BIOLOGICAL MARKERS INDUCED BY IONIZING RADIATION AT THE LATE PERIOD AFTER EXPOSURE IN A WIDE RANGE OF DOSES. PROBLEMY RADIATSIINOI MEDYTSYNY TA RADIOBIOLOHII 2018; 23:331-350. [PMID: 30582855 DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2018-23-331-350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study radiation induced biological markers of the late period after exposure. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A study was performed in 235 Chornobyl accident male clean-up workers exposed in 1986-1987 (doses of external exposure: (M ± SD: 419.48 ± 654.60; range 0.10-3,500 mSv); age 58,34 ± 6,57 years. Controlgroup included 45 non-exposed subjects (mean age: 50.60 ± 5.37 (M ± SD). Gene expression was performed by RT-PCR on 7900HT Analyzer using TLDA for BCL2, CDKN2A, CLSTN2, GSTM1, IFNG, IL1B, MCF2L, SERPINB9, STAT3, TERF1, TERF2,TERT, TNF, TP53, CCND1 genes. Relative telomere length (RTL) was analysed by flow-FISH; immune cell subsets,γ-H2AХ and CyclinD1 expression by flow cytometry. RESULTS A statistically significant and dose-dependent decrease in expression of the BCL2, SERPINB9, CDKN2A, andSTAT3 genes was demonstrated in parallel to a dose-dependent overexpression of MCF2L and upregulation of TP53 (upto 100 mSv). IL1B expression was the highest in exposed to doses from 0.1 to 100 mSv with a negative correlationbetween at IL1B expression and CD19+3-, CD3-HLA-DR+, CD4+8- cell counts and CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Hyperexpression ofTNF gene in doses above 100 mSv to 1,000 mSv was shown, and in higher doses a combination of TNF downregula-tion with increase in IFNG gene expression were demonstrated with correlations with numbers of CD3+16+56+ andCD25+ lymphocytes and inhibition of expression CLSTN2. An increased expression of γ-H2AХ and Cyclin D1 corre-lated to radiation dose, telomere shortening to age and concommittant pathology. CONCLUSIONS Cellular immunity, gene expression, telomere length, intracellular protein parameters are shown to beamong perspective biological markers at a late period after radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Ilienko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Melnykova str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - N A Golyarnik
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Melnykova str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - O V Lyaskivska
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Melnykova str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - O A Belayev
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Melnykova str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - D A Bazyka
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Melnykova str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
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45
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Koppenhafer SL, Goss KL, Terry WW, Gordon DJ. mTORC1/2 and Protein Translation Regulate Levels of CHK1 and the Sensitivity to CHK1 Inhibitors in Ewing Sarcoma Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:2676-2688. [PMID: 30282812 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of Ewing sarcoma has changed very little in the past two decades and novel treatment approaches are needed. We recently identified that Ewing sarcoma cells are uniquely vulnerable to inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides. We subsequently found that the inhibition of checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) increases the sensitivity of Ewing sarcoma cells to inhibitors of RNR, such as gemcitabine. However, Ewing sarcoma cells exhibit high levels of the CHK1 protein, which may represent an adaptive response to elevated levels of endogenous DNA replication stress. Consequently, we began this work with the aim of determining the impact of CHK1 levels on drug sensitivity, as well as identifying the mechanisms and pathways that regulate CHK1 levels in Ewing sarcoma cells. In this report, we show that the high levels of the CHK1 protein in Ewing sarcoma cells limit the efficacy of CHK1 inhibitors. However, inhibition of mTORC1/2 activates the translational repressor 4E-BP1, reduces protein synthesis, and decreases levels of the CHK1 protein in Ewing sarcoma cells. Similarly, we identified that the CHK1 inhibitor prexasertib also activates 4E-BP1, inhibits protein synthesis, and reduces CHK1 protein levels in Ewing sarcoma cells. Moreover, the combination of prexasertib and gemcitabine was synergistic in vitro, caused tumor regression in vivo, and significantly prolonged mouse survival in a Ewing sarcoma xenograft experiment. Overall, our results provide insight into Ewing sarcoma biology and support further investigation of the CHK1 pathway as a therapeutic target in Ewing sarcoma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacia L Koppenhafer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kelli L Goss
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - William W Terry
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - David J Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
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46
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Hwang BJ, Adhikary G, Eckert RL, Lu AL. Chk1 inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy in melanoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30450-30464. [PMID: 30100999 PMCID: PMC6084399 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma patients respond poorly to chemotherapies because they acquire drug resistance. Therapies that can overcome the resistance to inhibitors of the mutated BRAF protein kinase in melanoma are urgently needed. Chk1 protein kinase is a central component of the DNA damage response and plays a crucial role in controlling cell cycle progression. Analyses indicate that low mRNA expression of Chk1 is significantly associated with good overall survival of melanoma patients. To evaluate the effectiveness of Chk1 inhibitors in melanoma therapy, we have generated BRAF inhibitor (PLX4032 or vemurafenib) resistant melanoma cell lines (A375-PLX-R and WM9-PLX-R) from A375 and WM9, respectively. We observe that AKT (protein kinase B) is constitutively activated in A375-PLX-R, but not in WM9-PLX-R cells, suggesting that these cells develop resistance to PLX4032 through different mechanisms. We show that a potent and specific inhibitor of Chk1 (PF477736) is effective in reducing cell viability and colony formation of PLX4032-resistant cells. Even more impressively, PF477736 triggers PLX4032-resistant melanoma cells to regain sensitivity to the PLX4032. Mouse xenograft studies show that treating A375-PLX-R derived tumors with combined PLX4032 and PF477736 significantly reduce tumor growth. Combined treatments with PLX4032 and PF477736 reduce the levels of total Chk1 protein and alter Chk1 phosphorylation at several sites in both PLX4032 sensitive and resistant melanoma cells. Combinatorial treatments with PLX4032 and PF477736 to melanoma cells substantially induce DNA damage and cell death. Our results suggest that Chk1 inhibitors may provide new therapy options for melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Jang Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gautam Adhikary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard L Eckert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Reproductive Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A-Lien Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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47
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Ide H, Inoue S, Mizushima T, Jiang G, Chuang KH, Oya M, Miyamoto H. Androgen Receptor Signaling Reduces Radiosensitivity in Bladder Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1566-1574. [PMID: 29720561 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although radiotherapy often with chemotherapy has been shown to offer a survival benefit comparable with that of radical cystectomy in select patients with bladder cancer, the development of radiosensitization strategies may significantly enhance its application. Notably, emerging preclinical evidence has indicated the involvement of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in urothelial cancer progression. We here assessed whether AR signals could contribute to modulating radiosensitivity in bladder cancer cells. Ionizing radiation reduced the numbers of viable cells or colonies of AR-negative lines more significantly than those of AR-positive lines. Similarly, in AR-positive cells cultured in androgen-depleted conditions, dihydrotestosterone treatment lowered the effects of irradiation. Meanwhile, an antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide enhanced them in AR-positive cells cultured in the presence of androgens. AR knockdown or hydroxyflutamide treatment also resulted in a delay in DNA double-strand break repair 4-24 hours after irradiation. We then established "radiation-resistant" sublines and found considerable elevation of the expression of AR as well as DNA repair genes, such as ATR, CHEK1, and PARP-1, in these sublines, compared with respective controls. Furthermore, dihydrotestosterone induced the expression of these DNA repair genes in irradiated AR-positive cells, and hydroxyflutamide antagonized the androgen effects. Finally, in a mouse xenograft model, low-dose flutamide was found to enhance the inhibitory effects of irradiation, and its tumor size was similar to that of AR knockdown line with radiation alone. These findings suggest that AR activity inversely correlates with radiosensitivity in bladder cancer. Accordingly, antiandrogenic drugs may function as sensitizers of irradiation, especially in patients with AR-positive urothelial cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(7); 1566-74. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ide
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Taichi Mizushima
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Guiyang Jiang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Kuang-Hsiang Chuang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. .,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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48
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Wang Y, Bao W, Liu Y, Wang S, Xu S, Li X, Li Y, Wu S. miR-98-5p contributes to cisplatin resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer by suppressing miR-152 biogenesis via targeting Dicer1. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:447. [PMID: 29670086 PMCID: PMC5906447 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0390-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a highly lethal gynecological malignancy, and cisplatin resistance is usually correlated with the poor prognosis of EOC. Increasing evidence indicates that the dysregulation of miRNAs is related to chemotherapy sensitivity. In this study, we revealed that miR-98-5p, a member of the let-7 family, was enriched in cisplatin-resistant EOC cells compared with cisplatin-sensitive cells, and could promote cisplatin resistance in EOC cells. Further studies showed that miR-98-5p could directly target the 3′-UTR of Dicer1 and suppress its expression, causing global miRNA downregulation. By miRNA array and qRT-PCR verification, we identified miR-152 as the vital downstream target of the miR-98-5p/Dicer1 axis in EOC cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that the ectopic expression of miR-152 reversed cisplatin resistance both in vitro and in vivo by targeting RAD51, a central member in homologous recombination. Importantly, miR-98-5p expression, as determined by in situ hybridization in tumor tissues, was associated with poor outcome of EOC patients. Together, these findings suggest the essential role of the miR-98-5p/Dicer1/miR-152 pathway in regulating cisplatin resistance of EOC cells and provide a potential target for EOC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Sufang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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49
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Pustovalova M, Astrelina ТA, Grekhova A, Vorobyeva N, Tsvetkova A, Blokhina T, Nikitina V, Suchkova Y, Usupzhanova D, Brunchukov V, Kobzeva I, Karaseva Т, Ozerov IV, Samoylov A, Bushmanov A, Leonov S, Izumchenko E, Zhavoronkov A, Klokov D, Osipov AN. Residual γH2AX foci induced by low dose x-ray radiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells do not cause accelerated senescence in the progeny of irradiated cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:2397-2410. [PMID: 29165316 PMCID: PMC5723693 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation (IR) exposure (10-100 mGy) remain unknown. Here we present a comparative study of early (less than 24h) and delayed (up to 11 post-irradiation passages) radiation effects caused by low (80 mGy) vs intermediate (1000 mGy) dose X-ray exposure in cultured human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We show that γН2АХ foci induced by an intermediate dose returned back to the control value by 24 h post-irradiation. In contrast, low-dose irradiation resulted in residual γН2АХ foci still present at 24 h. Notably, these low dose induced residual γН2АХ foci were not co-localized with рАТМ foci and were observed predominantly in the proliferating Кi67 positive (Кi67+) cells. The number of γН2АХ foci and the fraction of nonproliferating (Кi67-) and senescent (SA-β-gal+) cells measured at passage 11 were increased in cultures exposed to an intermediate dose compared to unirradiated controls. These delayed effects were not seen in the progeny of cells that were irradiated with low-dose X-rays, although such exposure resulted in residual γН2АХ foci in directly irradiated cells. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that the low-dose IR induced residual γH2AХ foci do not play a role in delayed irradiation consequences, associated with cellular senescence in cultured MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Pustovalova
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Тatiana A Astrelina
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Anna Grekhova
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia Vorobyeva
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasia Tsvetkova
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - Taisia Blokhina
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Victoria Nikitina
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Yulia Suchkova
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Daria Usupzhanova
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Vitalyi Brunchukov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Irina Kobzeva
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Тatiana Karaseva
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Ivan V Ozerov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Insilico Medicine, Inc, ETC, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Aleksandr Samoylov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Andrey Bushmanov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Sergey Leonov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia.,Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer Research, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc, ETC, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Dmitry Klokov
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario K0J1P0, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Andreyan N Osipov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia.,Insilico Medicine, Inc, ETC, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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50
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Frick A, Khare V, Paul G, Lang M, Ferk F, Knasmüller S, Beer A, Oberhuber G, Gasche C. Overt Increase of Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Murine and Human Colitis and Colitis-Associated Neoplasia. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:634-642. [PMID: 29378905 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher risk of developing colitis-associated-cancer (CAC); however, the underlying processes of disease progression are not completely understood. Here, the molecular processes of inflammation-driven colon carcinogenesis were investigated using IL10-deficient mice (IL10 KO). IL10 KO mice were euthanized after development of colitis and dysplasia. IHC was performed for markers of colitis-induced DNA damage (CIDD): oxidative DNA lesions (8-oxoG), double-strand breaks (DSB; γH2AX). and DSB repair. MSI, LOH (Trp53, Apc), and global methylation (CIMP) were assessed on microdissected tissue. Comet assay for DNA damage, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting were performed on intestinal organoids from wild-type (WT) and IL10 KO mice. Sequential biopsies and surgical specimens from IBD and CAC patients were used for IHC analysis. Severity of inflammation correlated with number of dysplasia. 8-oxoG and γH2AX-positive cells were significantly increased in inflamed and dysplastic areas along with activation of DSB repair. The amount of positively stained cells strongly correlated with degree of inflammation (8-oxoG: R = 0.923; γH2AX: R = 0.858). Neither CIMP, MSI nor LOH was observed. Enhanced DSBs in IL10 KO organoids were confirmed by comet assay and increased expression of γH2AX. Human clinical specimens exhibited significantly higher γH2AX and 8-oxoG in IBD, dysplasia, and CAC compared with normal mucosa. These data indicate that inflammation-driven colon carcinogenesis in IL10 KO mice and IBD patients is associated with oxidative DNA damage and overt presence of DSB. Mol Cancer Res; 16(4); 634-42. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Frick
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vineeta Khare
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Paul
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Beer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Austria
| | - Georg Oberhuber
- Pathologie Soleiman, A.ö. Landeskrankenhaus-Universitäts-Kliniken Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Gasche
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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