Sensory acceptability of value added cookies incorporated with Tinospora cordifolia (TC) stem powder; improvement in nutritional properties and antioxidant potential

Development of oats flour and bitter gourd fortified cookies: Effects on physicochemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and sensory attributes

The objective of this study was the develop of fortified cookies enriched with oats flour and bitter gourd powder and monitoring the effects of these enrichments on the physicochemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and sensory attributes. This study was subjected to four treatments: control (0% oats flour and bitter gourd powder), T1 (10% oats flour), T2 (3% bitter gourd powder), and T3 (7% oats flour and 3% bitter gourd powder). Various physical properties of the cookies, including weight, thickness, diameter, spread ratio, baking loss, pH, and color values (L*, a*, and b*), were measured. Proximate analysis revealed moisture (4.23-4.70%), ash (1.17-1.67%), fat (13.62-15.09%), crude protein (7.02-7.36%), carbohydrate (71.78-72.97%), energy (442.62-452.40 kcal), and crude fiber (8.02-3.33%). Mineral contents included Na (787-754 mg/100g), Ca (873-435 mg/100g), and Zn (66.7-58.8 mg/100g). Additionally, DPPH free radical scavenging activity ranged from 13.14 to 75.51%, while TBARS activity varied from 0.78 to 1.33 mg MDA/kg. T2 cookies exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity, with control cookies showing the lowest. The 5-point hedonic scale indicated that T2 cookies had lower overall acceptability, while T3 cookies were better received. In conclusion, the study suggests that fortified cookies have a more significant impact than regular or control cookies.

Effects of Tinospora cordifolia (giloy) on metabolic syndrome components: a mechanistic review

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of some conditions such as high blood sugar, high blood triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, abdominal obesity, and high blood pressure. Introducing a drug or a food that manages the majority of these medical conditions is invaluable. Tinospora cordifolia, known as guduchi and giloy, is a medicinal herb in ayurvedic medicine that is used in the treatment of various diseased conditions and also as a food for the maintenance of health. Here, we reviewed the current evidence supporting the role of giloy in the development and treatment of metabolic syndrome components. Appropriate articles that have been published until May 2024 were carefully extracted from PubMed, Scopus, and WOS databases to write a narrative review systematically. Gathered data showed the beneficial effects of giloy on metabolic syndrome components: hyperlipidemia, obesity, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and especially diabetes mellitus. As diabetes and insulin resistance seem to be a central feature of metabolic syndrome and in turn, can cause dyslipidemia, obesity, and, atherosclerosis, these beneficial effects are predictable with the anti-diabetogenic property of giloy. In this review, the main mechanisms of action of giloy in metabolic syndrome components are discussed. Based on the results, although giloy has been less investigated, considerable studies provide evidence of its beneficial effects on different components of metabolic syndrome. Relevant clinical trials are necessary to validate the mentioned effects, safety, and optimum dose of this herbal medicine and its components in managing different components of metabolic syndrome and transition from bench to bedside.

A study on incorporation of giloy (Tinosporacordifolia) for the development of shelf-stable goat milk based functional beverage

Goat milk has achieved significant place in human diet owing to its enormous therapeutic properties. There exists a scope of value-addition of goat milk to potentiate its health benefits by incorporating herbs and plants. Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia), a traditional medicinal plant with rich bioactive composition, can enhance the bioactive properties and shelf-life of goat milk. To this end, a study was conducted to develop shelf-stable giloy-goat milk beverage (GGB) by adding debittered giloy juice to goat milk (GM) and analyse the detailed product profile including proximate composition, bioactive properties, sensory, rheological, and structural characterisation. GGB resulted in two-fold increase (P < 0.05) in antioxidant activity and total phenolic content, thus enhancing the bioactive properties of the beverage as compared to GM. Further, increase in the particle size of GGB was observed along with components interaction, which was confirmed by FTIR, scanning electron and fluorescent microscopy. Storage stability studies indicated that bioactive properties of GGB remained unaffected (P > 0.05) by the sterilization process up to 90 days and sensory characteristics were not compromised till 105 days of storage. Therefore, the developed GGB is considered to be a shelf-stable beverage that retains its bioactive and sensory properties even after sterilization, making it a promising functional dairy product.

Graphical abstract

Unveiling Various Facades of Tinospora cordifolia Stem in Food: Medicinal and Nutraceutical Aspects

Natural products with curative properties are gaining immense popularity in scientific and food research, possessing no side effects in contrast to other drugs. Guduchi, or Tinospora cordifolia, belongs to the menispermaceae family of universal drugs used to treat various diseases in traditional Indian literature. It has received attention in recent decades because of its utilization in folklore medicine for treating several disorders. Lately, the findings of active phytoconstituents present in herbal plants and their pharmacological function in disease treatment and control have stimulated interest in plants around the world. Guduchi is ethnobotanically used for jaundice, diabetes, urinary problems, stomachaches, prolonged diarrhea, skin ailments, and dysentery. The treatment with Guduchi extracts was accredited to phytochemical constituents, which include glycosides, alkaloids, steroids, and diterpenoid lactones. This review places emphasis on providing in-depth information on the budding applications of herbal medicine in the advancement of functional foods and nutraceuticals to natural product researchers.

Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant and Anti-Enzymatic Activities of Selected Adaptogenic Plants from South America, Asia, and Africa

Despite the fact that there are many studies related to the adaptogenic and pro-healthy activities of plant-based compounds, there are some adaptogenic plants whose activities are not fully known, especially those coming from the wild regions of Asia, Africa, and South America. The aim of these studies was to examine the contents of non-nutritional compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids in ten adaptogenic species (Astragalus membranaceus (AM), Uncaria rhynchophylla (UR), Polygonum multiflorum (PM), Angelica sinensis (AS), Andrographis paniculatea (AP), Tinospora cordifolia (TC), Uncaria tomentosa (UT), Pfaffia paniculate (PP), Sutherlandia frutescens (SF), and Rhaponticum carthamoides (RC)). Considering biological activity, their antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and ferrous-ion-chelating ability assays), anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-hyaluronidase, and anti-tyrosinase activities were evaluated. The richest in polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids was UR (327.78 mg GAE/g, 230.13 mg QE/g, and 81.03 mg CA/g, respectively). The highest inhibitions of acetylcholinesterase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase were observed for TC, UR, and PM, respectively. In the case of antioxidant properties, extract from PM appeared to most strongly reduce DPPH, extract from UR inhibited ABTS, and extract from SF showed the best chelating properties. It should be noted that a particularly interesting plant was Ulcaria rhynchophylla. The results mean that there were compounds in UR with broad biological activities, and this species should be explored in more detail. Additionally, our results justify the traditional use of these species in the nutripharmacological or ethnopharmacological care systems of different regions.

Cookies Fortified with Lonicera japonica Thunb. Extracts: Impact on Phenolic Acid Content, Antioxidant Activity and Physical Properties

Highlights

Abstracts

Lonicera japonica Thunb. (LJ), as a Caprifoliaceae family plant, is enriched with polyphenols. Cookies supplemented with LJ extracts have the potential to exert antioxidant activity. However, studies on cookies fortified with LJ extracts are scarcely available. Therefore, the effect of LJ extract addition on cookie phenolic acid content, antioxidant activity, color, texture and the sensory score was firstly evaluated. Results suggest that different levels (1–4%) of LJ extracts significantly increased chlorogenic acid content, ranging from 21.96 to 202.65 μg/g. Cookies with a 4% level of LJ extracts possessed the highest activity of scavenging DPPH free radical activity (63.71 μg Vc/g), ABTS free radical activity (415.10 μg Vc/g), and ferric-reducing power of cookies (169.58 μg Vc/g). Further, a decrease in lightness L* and an increase in redness a* were observed in cookies with LJ extract addition. LJ extract addition lowered the hardness of cookies, and 4% level of LJ extracts increased the crispiness of cookies. Cookies with a 1% level of LJ extracts had a higher overall acceptance score (84.33) than that of other levels. Sensory acceptance played a vital role in the selection of the optimal formulation of cookies. Therefore, LJ extracts at 1% level could be an optimal supplement proportion in cookies and increased the antioxidant activity of cookies.