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Fire and local factors shape ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with Pinus ponderosa in mountains of the Madrean Sky Island Archipelago. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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2
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Rodríguez-Gutiérrez I, Garibay-Orijel R, Santiago-Morales B, Lindig-Cisneros R. Comparación entre las abundancias de esporomas y ectomicorrizas del género Laccaria en Ixtlán de Juárez, Oaxaca. REV MEX BIODIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.22201/ib.20078706e.2020.91.3340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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3
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Hao T, Guillera-Arroita G, May TW, Lahoz-Monfort JJ, Elith J. Using Species Distribution Models For Fungi. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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4
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Kluting K, Clemmensen K, Jonaitis S, Vasaitis R, Holmström S, Finlay R, Rosling A. Distribution patterns of fungal taxa and inferred functional traits reflect the non-uniform vertical stratification of soil microhabitats in a coastal pine forest. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 95:fiz149. [PMID: 31539041 PMCID: PMC6835140 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In boreal systems, soil profiles typically consist of distinct stratified horizons, with organic layers at the surface overlying deeper mineral horizons providing microhabitat variation along a depth gradient, and vertical stratification of fungal communities along such soil profiles is commonly observed. We studied fungal community structure in a coastal pine forest along a gradient of decreasing influence from the coast. In this system, the vertical stratification pattern of soil microhabitats (defined here as organic, mineral with roots and mineral without roots: O, MR and MN, respectively) is non-uniform; organic horizons are sometimes buried under drifting sand dunes. Our results show that soil microhabitats are distinct with respect to physiochemical characteristics, community composition and OTU richness. While community composition was partly related to depth and distance from the coastal forest edge, microhabitat appeared to have the strongest influence. A closer inspection of the OTUs with the highest relative sequence abundance within each microhabitat revealed that microhabitats support functionally distinct fungal communities with respect to trophic mode and growth morphology. These results suggest that in coastal pine forests, variation in soil microhabitats contributes to the high fungal diversity found belowground and may play an important role in optimizing nutrient cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Kluting
- Evolutionary Biology program, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karina Clemmensen
- Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Box 7026, Sweden
| | | | - Rimvydas Vasaitis
- Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Box 7026, Sweden
| | - Sara Holmström
- Department of Geological Science, Stockholm University, SE-114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roger Finlay
- Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Box 7026, Sweden
| | - Anna Rosling
- Evolutionary Biology program, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Stefani F, Isabel N, Morency MJ, Lamothe M, Nadeau S, Lachance D, Li EHY, Greer C, Yergeau É, Pinno BD, Séguin A. The impact of reconstructed soils following oil sands exploitation on aspen and its associated belowground microbiome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2761. [PMID: 29426844 PMCID: PMC5807544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20783-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of different soil covers used to reclaim decommissioned oil sands mining sites on the genetic diversity of aspen and their associated belowground microbiota. Aspen genotyping showed that trees mostly originated from sexual reproduction on sites reclaimed with soil covers made of upland forest floor-mineral mix (FFMM) and lowland peat-mineral mix (PMM). In contrast, most individuals in mature and burned stands sampled as benchmarks for natural disturbances originated from vegetative reproduction. Nonetheless, aspen populations in the FFMM and PMM sites were not genetically different from those in mature and burned stands. DNA metabarcoding of bacteria and fungi in root and soil samples revealed that the diversity of the belowground microbiota associated with aspen and the relative abundance of putative symbiotic taxa in PMM were significantly lower than for FFMM and naturally disturbed sites. Despite similar aspen genetic diversity between FFMM and PMM sites, trees were not associated with the same belowground microbiota. Because the soil microbiome and more specifically the mycorrhizal communities are variable both in space and time, long-term monitoring is particularly important to better understand the ecological trajectory of these novel ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Stefani
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, G1V4C7, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Nathalie Isabel
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, G1V4C7, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Morency
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, G1V4C7, Canada
| | - Manuel Lamothe
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, G1V4C7, Canada
| | - Simon Nadeau
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, G1V4C7, Canada
| | - Denis Lachance
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, G1V4C7, Canada
| | - Edith H Y Li
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, T6H 3S5, Canada
| | - Charles Greer
- National Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment, Montréal, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Étienne Yergeau
- National Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment, Montréal, H4P 2R2, Canada
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Bradley D Pinno
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, T6H 3S5, Canada
| | - Armand Séguin
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, G1V4C7, Canada.
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6
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Flores-Rentería D, Barradas VL, Álvarez-Sánchez J. Ectomycorrhizal pre-inoculation of Pinus hartwegii and Abies religiosa is replaced by native fungi in a temperate forest of central Mexico. Symbiosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-017-0498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Rosenstock NP, Berner C, Smits MM, Krám P, Wallander H. The role of phosphorus, magnesium and potassium availability in soil fungal exploration of mineral nutrient sources in Norway spruce forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:542-553. [PMID: 26996085 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated fungal growth and community composition in buried meshbags, amended with apatite, biotite or hornblende, in Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests of varying nutrient status. Norway spruce needles and soil collected from forests overlying serpentinite had low levels of potassium and phosphorus, those from granite had low levels of magnesium, whereas those from amphibolite had comparably high levels of these nutrients. We assayed the fungal colonization of meshbags by measuring ergosterol content and fungal community with 454 sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region. In addition, we measured fine root density. Fungal biomass was increased by apatite amendment across all plots and particularly on the K- and P-deficient serpentinite plots, whereas hornblende and biotite had no effect on fungal biomass on any plots. Fungal community (total fungal and ectomycorrhizal) composition was affected strongly by sampling location and soil depth, whereas mineral amendments had no effect on community composition. Fine root biomass was significantly correlated with fungal biomass. Ectomycorrhizal communities may respond to increased host-tree phosphorus demand by increased colonization of phosphorus-containing minerals, but this does not appear to translate to a shift in ectomycorrhizal community composition. This growth response to nutrient demand does not appear to exist for potassium or magnesium limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Rosenstock
- Center for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, SE-22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Berner
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems - EEMiS, Linnaeus University, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Mark M Smits
- Center for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Building D, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, 3590, Limburg, Belgium
| | - Pavel Krám
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Håkan Wallander
- MEMEG, Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-22362, Lund, Sweden
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8
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Spake R, van der Linde S, Newton AC, Suz LM, Bidartondo MI, Doncaster CP. Similar biodiversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in set-aside plantations and ancient old-growth broadleaved forests. BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 2016; 194:71-79. [PMID: 26917858 PMCID: PMC4730558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Setting aside overmature planted forests is currently seen as an option for preserving species associated with old-growth forests, such as those with dispersal limitation. Few data exist, however, on the utility of set-aside plantations for this purpose, or the value of this habitat type for biodiversity relative to old-growth semi-natural ecosystems. Here, we evaluate the contribution of forest type relative to habitat characteristics in determining species richness and composition in seven forest blocks, each containing an ancient old-growth stand (> 1000 yrs) paired with a set-aside even-aged planted stand (ca. 180 yrs). We investigated the functionally important yet relatively neglected ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), a group for which the importance of forest age has not been assessed in broadleaved forests. We found that forest type was not an important determinant of EMF species richness or composition, demonstrating that set-aside can be an effective option for conserving ancient EMF communities. Species richness of above-ground EMF fruiting bodies was principally related to the basal area of the stand (a correlate of canopy cover) and tree species diversity, whilst richness of below-ground ectomycorrhizae was driven only by tree diversity. Our results suggest that overmature planted forest stands, particularly those that are mixed-woods with high basal area, are an effective means to connect and expand ecological networks of ancient old-growth forests in historically deforested and fragmented landscapes for ectomycorrhizal fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Spake
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences Building 85, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Sietse van der Linde
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Jodrell Gate, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Adrian C. Newton
- Centre for Ecology, Environment and Sustainability, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Laura M. Suz
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Jodrell Gate, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Martin I. Bidartondo
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Jodrell Gate, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - C. Patrick Doncaster
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences Building 85, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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Rudawska M, Pietras M, Smutek I, Strzeliński P, Leski T. Ectomycorrhizal fungal assemblages of Abies alba Mill. outside its native range in Poland. MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:57-65. [PMID: 26071873 PMCID: PMC4700082 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-015-0646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Abies alba (Mill.) is an important forest tree species, native to the mountainous regions of Europe but has been also widely introduced in the lowlands outside its native range. Like most forest tree species, A. alba forms obligate mutualisms with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. This investigation sought to examine ECM fungal communities of A. alba when the species grows 400 km north of its native range in the region of Pomerania in Poland. We surveyed for ECM fungi by sampling live roots from four mature forest stands where the A. alba component ranged from 20 to 100%. Ectomycorrhizal fungal symbionts were identified based on morphotyping and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Thirty-five ECM fungal taxa were distinguished on root tips of A. alba from all tested stands with 22 to 27 ECM fungal taxa in the individual stand. The diversity and similarity metrics revealed a lack of statistical differences in the structure of the ECM fungal community between stands varying in overstory tree composition. Cenococcum geophilum was the most common fungal species at all investigated A. alba stands, with an abundance of 50 to 70%. The ECM community was characterized by the lack of Abies-specific fungal symbionts and a rich and diverse suite of host-generalist mycobionts that seem to be sufficient for successful growth and development of A. alba outside of its native range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rudawska
- Laboratory of Symbiotic Associations, Institute of Dendrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Marcin Pietras
- Laboratory of Symbiotic Associations, Institute of Dendrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Iwona Smutek
- Laboratory of Symbiotic Associations, Institute of Dendrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Paweł Strzeliński
- Department of Forest Management, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Leski
- Laboratory of Symbiotic Associations, Institute of Dendrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
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10
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Kranabetter JM, Hawkins BJ, Jones MD, Robbins S, Dyer T, Li T. Species turnover (β-diversity) in ectomycorrhizal fungi linked to NH4+ uptake capacity. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:5992-6005. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Kranabetter
- British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations; PO Box 9536 STN PROV GOVT Victoria British Columbia Canada V8W 9C4
| | - B. J. Hawkins
- Centre for Forest Biology; University of Victoria; PO Box 3020 STN CSC Victoria British Columbia Canada V8W 3N5
| | - M. D. Jones
- Biology Department; University of British Columbia; Okanagan Campus Sci-385 1177 Research Road Kelowna British Columbia Canada V4V 1V7
| | - S. Robbins
- Centre for Forest Biology; University of Victoria; PO Box 3020 STN CSC Victoria British Columbia Canada V8W 3N5
| | - T. Dyer
- Natural Resources Canada; Pacific Forestry Centre; 506 Burnside Road West Victoria British Columbia Canada V8Z 1M5
| | - T. Li
- Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources; Yunnan University; 2# Cuihu Road North Kunming China
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11
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Ercole E, Adamo M, Rodda M, Gebauer G, Girlanda M, Perotto S. Temporal variation in mycorrhizal diversity and carbon and nitrogen stable isotope abundance in the wintergreen meadow orchid Anacamptis morio. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:1308-1319. [PMID: 25382295 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Many adult orchids, especially photoautotrophic species, associate with a diverse range of mycorrhizal fungi, but little is known about the temporal changes that might occur in the diversity and functioning of orchid mycorrhiza during vegetative and reproductive plant growth. Temporal variations in the spectrum of mycorrhizal fungi and in stable isotope natural abundance were investigated in adult plants of Anacamptis morio, a wintergreen meadow orchid. Anacamptis morio associated with mycorrhizal fungi belonging to Tulasnella, Ceratobasidium and a clade of Pezizaceae (Ascomycetes). When a complete growing season was investigated, multivariate analyses indicated significant differences in the mycorrhizal fungal community. Among fungi identified from manually isolated pelotons, Tulasnella was more common in autumn and winter, the pezizacean clade was very frequent in spring, and Ceratobasidium was more frequent in summer. By contrast, relatively small variations were found in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stable isotope natural abundance, A. morio samples showing similar (15)N enrichment and (13)C depletion at the different sampling times. These observations suggest that, irrespective of differences in the seasonal environmental conditions, the plant phenological stages and the associated fungi, the isotopic content in mycorrhizal A. morio remains fairly constant over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Ercole
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Martino Adamo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Michele Rodda
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Gerhard Gebauer
- Laboratory of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mariangela Girlanda
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Perotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
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Vik U, Logares R, Blaalid R, Halvorsen R, Carlsen T, Bakke I, Kolstø AB, Økstad OA, Kauserud H. Different bacterial communities in ectomycorrhizae and surrounding soil. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3471. [PMID: 24326907 PMCID: PMC3858787 DOI: 10.1038/srep03471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several eukaryotic symbioses have shown to host a rich diversity of prokaryotes that interact with their hosts. Here, we study bacterial communities associated with ectomycorrhizal root systems of Bistorta vivipara compared to bacterial communities in bulk soil using pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons. A high richness of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) was found in plant roots (3,571 OTUs) and surrounding soil (3,476 OTUs). The community composition differed markedly between these two environments. Actinobacteria, Armatimonadetes, Chloroflexi and OTUs unclassified at phylum level were significantly more abundant in plant roots than in soil. A large proportion of the OTUs, especially those in plant roots, presented low similarity to Sanger 16S rRNA reference sequences, suggesting novel bacterial diversity in ectomycorrhizae. Furthermore, the bacterial communities of the plant roots were spatially structured up to a distance of 60 cm, which may be explained by bacteria using fungal hyphae as a transport vector. The analyzed ectomycorrhizae presents a distinct microbiome, which likely influence the functioning of the plant-fungus symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unni Vik
- Microbial Evolution Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ramiro Logares
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rakel Blaalid
- Microbial Evolution Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Halvorsen
- Natural History Museum, Department of research and collections, University of Oslo, P.O. 1172 Blindern, 0318 OSLO, Norway
| | - Tor Carlsen
- Microbial Evolution Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Bakke
- NTNU/Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Sem Sælands vei 8, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne-Brit Kolstø
- Laboratory for Microbial Dynamics, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Andreas Økstad
- Laboratory for Microbial Dynamics, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Kauserud
- Microbial Evolution Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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Lang C, Finkeldey R, Polle A. Spatial patterns of ectomycorrhizal assemblages in a monospecific forest in relation to host tree genotype. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:103. [PMID: 23630537 PMCID: PMC3633777 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizas (EcM) are important for soil exploration and thereby may shape belowground interactions of roots. We investigated the composition and spatial structures of EcM assemblages in relation to host genotype in an old-growth, monospecific beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest. We hypothesized that neighboring roots of different beech individuals are colonized by similar EcM assemblages if host genotype had no influence on the fungal colonization and that the similarity would decrease with increasing distance of the sampling points. The alternative was that the EcM species showed preferences for distinct beech genotypes resulting in intraspecific variation of EcM-host assemblages. EcM species identities, abundance and exploration type as well as the genotypes of the colonized roots were determined in each sampling unit of a 1 L soil core (r = 0.04 m, depth 0.2 m). The Morisita-Horn similarity indices (MHSI) based on EcM species abundance and multiple community comparisons were calculated. No pronounced variation of MHSI with increasing distances of the sampling points within a plot was found, but variations between plots. Very high similarities and no between plot variation were found for MHSI based on EcM exploration types suggesting homogenous soil foraging in this ecosystem. The EcM community on different root genotypes in the same soil core exhibited high similarity, whereas the EcM communities on the root of the same tree genotype in different soil cores were significantly dissimilar. This finding suggests that spatial structuring of EcM assemblages occurs within the root system of an individual. This may constitute a novel, yet unknown mechanism ensuring colonization by a diverse EcM community of the roots of a given host individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Lang
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institut, Georg-August Universität GöttingenGöttingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Finkeldey
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Büsgen-Institut, Georg-August Universität GöttingenGöttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institut, Georg-August Universität GöttingenGöttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Andrea Polle, Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. e-mail:
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