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Elhussieny NI, El-Refai HA, Mohamed SS, Shetaia YM, Amin HA, Klöck G. Rhizopus stolonifer biomass catalytic transesterification capability: optimization of cultivation conditions. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:154. [PMID: 37580714 PMCID: PMC10424374 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using fungal biomass for biocatalysis is a potential solution for the expensive cost of the use o enzymes. Production of fungal biomass with effective activity requires optimizing the cultivation conditions. RESULTS Rhizopus stolonifer biomass was optimized for transesterification and hydrolysis of waste frying oil (WFO). Growth and biomass lipolytic activities of R. stolonifer improved under shaking conditions compared to static conditions, and 200 rpm was optimum. As biomass lipase and transesterification activities inducer, olive oil was superior to soybean, rapeseed, and waste frying oils. Biomass produced in culture media containing fishmeal as an N-source feedstock had higher lipolytic capabilities than corn-steep liquor and urea. Plackett Burman screening of 9 factors showed that pH (5-9), fishmeal (0.25-1.7%, w/v), and KH2PO4 (0.1-0.9%, w/v) were significant factors with the highest main effect estimates 11.46, 10.42, 14.90, respectively. These factors were selected for response surface methodology (RSM) optimization using central composite design (CCD). CCD models for growth, biomass lipase activity, and transesterification capability were significant. The optimum conditions for growth and lipid modification catalytic activities were pH 7.4, fishmeal (2.62%, w/v), and KH2PO4 (2.99%, w/v). CONCLUSION Optimized culture conditions improved the whole cell transesterification capability of Rhizopus stolonifer biomass in terms of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) concentration by 67.65% to a final FAME concentration of 85.5%, w/w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem I Elhussieny
- Department of Life Science and Chemistry, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, 28199, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Heba A El-Refai
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Sayeda S Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Yousseria M Shetaia
- Department of Microbiology, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Hala A Amin
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Gerd Klöck
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, 28199, Bremen, Germany
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2
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Fahmy NM, El-Deeb B. Optimization, partial purification, and characterization of a novel high molecular weight alkaline protease produced by Halobacillus sp. HAL1 using fish wastes as a substrate. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:48. [PMID: 37121925 PMCID: PMC10149429 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrolytic enzymes from halophilic microorganisms have a wide range of industrial applications. Herein, we report the isolation of Halobacillus sp. HAL1, a moderately halophilic bacterium that produces a novel high molecular weight extracellular alkaline protease when grown in fish processing wastes as a substrate. RESULTS Results showed that the isolated strain belonged to the genus Halobacillus, and it was designated as Halobacillus sp. HAL1 with the GenBank accession number OK001470. The strain secreted an extracellular alkaline protease, and the highest yield was obtained when it was grown in a medium with fish wastes substrate as the sole nutritional source (10 g/L) and incubated at 25 °C under shaking conditions. The enzyme was partially purified by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. Zymographic analysis showed two casein degrading bands of about 190 and 250 KDa. The optimum enzyme activity was at a temperature of 50 °C at pH 8. The proteolytic activity was enhanced in the presence of metal ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+), surfactants (Tween 80, SDS, and Triton-X100), H2O2, and EDTA. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that Haobacillus sp. HAL1 is a moderately halophilic strain and secrets a novel high molecular wight alkaline protease that is suitable for detergent formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayer M Fahmy
- Marine Microbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Bahig El-Deeb
- Faculty of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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3
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Asitok A, Ekpenyong M, Ogarekpe N, Antigha R, Takon I, Rao A, Iheanacho J, Antai S. Intracellular-to-extracellular localization switch of acidic lipase in Enterobacter cloacae: evaluation of production kinetics and enantioselective esterification potential for pharmaceutical applications. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:542-556. [PMID: 36018558 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2114010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Downstream processing is a significant part of a production process and accounts for 50-90% of the production cost of biotechnological products. Post-fermentation localization of a microbial metabolite contributes significantly to the recovery cost of the product. Enterobacter cloacae produced naturally, acidic lipase with a 0.023:1 extracellular localization ratio. This research aimed to re-direct the localization of lipase to the extracellular milieu to reduce recovery costs using multi-objective response surface optimization (MO-RSM). The approach resulted in a 1:0.32 extracellular: intracellular lipase ratio, with product formation kinetics of Luedeking-Piret function showing a significant switch from a completely growth-associated intracellular production to a predominantly non-growth-associated extracellular localization. The enzyme was purified by an aqueous two-phase system which extracted 95.22% lipase with 72.36 purity. Characterization of the enzyme showed a molecular weight of 55.7 kDa, kcat of 68.59 s-1, and a Km of 0.63 mmol. Lipase activity occurred optimally at pH 2.5-3.5 and 50 °C, and was stable in most organic solvents tested. The acidic lipase demonstrated pH-dependent enantioselective esterification in resolving (R, S)-ibuprofen (E = 14, pH 4.5) and (R, S)-Naproxen (E = 13, pH 2.5), with an enantioselective preference for (S)-enantiomer in both drugs thus underpinning its potential for pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atim Asitok
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.,University of Calabar Collection of Microorganisms (UCCM), University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Maurice Ekpenyong
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.,University of Calabar Collection of Microorganisms (UCCM), University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Nkpa Ogarekpe
- Environmental Engineering Unit, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Richard Antigha
- Environmental Engineering Unit, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Iquo Takon
- Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Anitha Rao
- University of Calabar Collection of Microorganisms (UCCM), University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.,Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Juliet Iheanacho
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Sylvester Antai
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.,University of Calabar Collection of Microorganisms (UCCM), University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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Potential of the Liquid Fermentation of Fishery Waste by Paenibacillus elgii for Metalloprotease Production. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132741. [PMID: 35808786 PMCID: PMC9268979 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study attempted to use fishery processing wastes to produce protease by Paenibacillus elgii TKU051. Of the tested wastes, tuna head powder (THP) was found to be the most effective carbon and nitrogen (C/N) source, and the optimal conditions were as follows: 0.811% THP, 0.052% K2HPO4, 0.073% MgSO4, initial pH of 8.96, incubation temperature of 31.4 °C, and incubation time of 3.092 days to achieve the maximum protease activity of 2.635 ± 0.124 U/mL. A protease with a molecular weight of 29 kDa was purified and biochemically characterized. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed an amino acid sequence of STVHYSTR of P. elgii TKU051 protease, suggesting that the enzyme may belong to the M4 family of metalloproteases. The optimal activity of the enzyme was achieved at 60 °C and pH 8. P. elgii TKU051 protease was strongly inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline, indicating its precise metalloprotease property. P. elgii TKU051 protease displayed the activity toward casein and raw fishery wastes such as tuna heads, tuna viscera, shrimp heads, and squid pens. Finally, the purified P. elgii TKU051 protease could improve the free-radical scavenging activity of fishery wastes. In short, P. elgii TKU051 has potential application in eco-friendly approaches to efficiently convert fishery wastes to metalloprotease.
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5
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Marlida Y, Harnentis, Azizah, Shafan Nur Y, Adzitey F, Julmohammad N, Huda N. The possibility of a halal mix probiotic medium for the cultivation of Lactobacillus plantarum N16 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. POTRAVINARSTVO 2022. [DOI: 10.5219/1713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of interaction between media type (halal mix preparation) and culture mixtures of Lactobacillus plantarum N16 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (probiotics). A completely randomised factorial design (CRFD) consisting of 2 factors and three replications was used, where factor A was a mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum N16 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a ratio of 1:1 (A1); 1:2 (A2) and 2:1 (A3) and factor B was the type of growth media, that is, control (B1), whey tofu, molasses, and fish waste flour (B2), and coconut water, onggok flour and shrimp waste flour (B3). The variables measured were viability, cell biomass, and pH. The results showed interactions between factors A and B, which were significantly different (p <0.05) in terms of viability, cell biomass, and pH. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum N16 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a ratio of 2:1 (A3), using coconut water, onggok flour, and shrimp waste flour (B3) as medium and incubated at 36 °C for 24 hours was the best medium. It had a 2.37 viability, 42.33 mg/ml biomass cell, and a pH of 2.37.
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6
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Khiari Z. Sustainable Upcycling of Fisheries and Aquaculture Wastes Using Fish-Derived Cold-Adapted Proteases. Front Nutr 2022; 9:875697. [PMID: 35464019 PMCID: PMC9022490 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.875697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fisheries and aquaculture industries are some of the major economic sectors in the world. However, these industries generate significant amounts of wastes that need to be properly managed to avoid serious health and environmental issues. Recent advances in marine waste valorization indicate that fish waste biomass represents an abundant source of high-value biomolecules including enzymes, functional proteins, bioactive peptides, and omega-3 rich oils. Enzyme-assisted processes, for the recovery of these value-added biomolecules, have gained interest over chemical-based processes due to their cost-effectiveness as well as their green and eco-friendly aspects. Currently, the majority of commercially available proteases that are used to recover value-added compounds from fisheries and aquaculture wastes are mesophilic and/or thermophilic that require significant energy input and can lead to unfavorable reactions (i.e., oxidation). Cold-adapted proteases extracted from cold-water fish species, on the other hand, are active at low temperatures but unstable at higher temperatures which makes them interesting from both environmental and economic points of view by upcycling fish waste as well as by offering substantial energy savings. This review provides a general overview of cold-adapted proteolytic enzymes from cold-water fish species and highlights the opportunities they offer in the valorization of fisheries and aquaculture wastes.
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7
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Brine and Post-Frying Oil Management in the Fish Processing Industry—A Concept Based on Oleaginous Yeast Culture. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Waste management solutions including the valorization of waste materials in biotechnological processes is an important issue needing to be explored. A significant amount of waste is being generated by the food industry. In this study, an attempt was made to utilize two fish industry wastes simultaneously—waste brine and post-frying oil from frying fish fillets in Yarrowia lipolytica culture with high single cell oil synthesis yield. Oxygenation in the culture medium had a positive effect on the biosynthesis efficiency of microbial oil, resulting in the highest content of lipids in yeast cells at the level of 0.431 g/g dm (dry mass). Y. lipolytica yeast preferentially accumulated oleic acid and linoleic acid, and the high content of linolenic acid, valuable from a nutritional point of view, was also found in microbial oil. This study proved that the use of post-frying rapeseed oil gives a chance to obtain valuable storage lipids in Y. lipolytica yeast cells via ex novo biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, the wastewater stream could be limited using a waste brine as a solvent in medium preparation, but the brine share should not exceed 30% so as not to inhibit yeast cell growth.
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8
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Doan CT, Tran TN, Wang SL. Production of Thermophilic Chitinase by Paenibacillus sp. TKU052 by Bioprocessing of Chitinous Fishery Wastes and Its Application in N-acetyl-D-glucosamine Production. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3048. [PMID: 34577952 PMCID: PMC8471714 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioprocessing of chitinous fishery wastes (CFWs) to chitinases through fermentation approaches has gained importance owing to its great benefits in reducing the enzyme production cost, and utilizing chitin waste. In this work, our study of the chitinase production of Paenibacillus sp. TKU052 in the presence of different kinds of CFWs revealed a preference for demineralized crab shells powder (deCSP); furthermore, a 72 kDa chitinase was isolated from the 0.5% deCSP-containing medium. The Paenibacillus sp. TKU052 chitinase displayed maximum activity at 70 °C and pH 4-5, while Zn2+, Fe3+, Triton X-100, Tween 40, and SDS exerted a negative effect on its activity, whereas Mn2+ and 2-mercaptoethanol were found to potentially enhance the activity. Among various kinds of polysaccharide, Paenibacillus sp. TKU052 chitinase exhibited the best catalytic activity on colloidal chitin (CC) with Km = 9.75 mg/mL and Vmax = 2.43 μmol/min. The assessment of the hydrolysis of CC and N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides revealed that Paenibacillus sp. TKU052 chitinase possesses multiple catalytic functions, including exochitinase, endochitinase, and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activities. Finally, the combination of Paenibacillus sp. TKU052 chitinase and Streptomyces speibonae TKU048 N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase could efficiently convert CC to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) with a production yield of 94.35-98.60% in 12-24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Thang Doan
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Thi Ngoc Tran
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Doctoral Program in Applied Sciences, College of Science, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - San-Lang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
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9
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Cheng D, Liu Y, Ngo HH, Guo W, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Zhang S, Luo G, Bui XT. Sustainable enzymatic technologies in waste animal fat and protein management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 284:112040. [PMID: 33571854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Waste animal fats and proteins (WAFP) are rich in various animal by-products from food industries. On one hand, increasing production of huge amounts of WAFP brings a great challenge to their appropriate disposal, and raises severe risks to environment and life health. On the other hand, the high fat and protein contents in these animal wastes are valuable resources which can be reutilized in an eco-friendly and renewable way. Sustainable enzymatic technologies are promising methods for WAFP management. This review discussed the application of various enzymes in the conversion of WSFP to value-added biodiesel and bioactivate hydrolysates. New biotechnologies to discover novel enzymes with robust properties were proposed as well. This paper also presented the bio-utilization strategy of animal fat and protein wastes as alternative nutrient media for microorganism growth activities to yield important industrial enzymes cost-effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongle Cheng
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS, 2007, Australia
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS, 2007, Australia.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS, 2007, Australia; NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea; Institution of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xuan Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
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Studies on Upgradation of Waste Fish Oil to Lipid-Rich Yeast Biomass in Yarrowia lipolytica Batch Cultures. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020436. [PMID: 33671224 PMCID: PMC7922964 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility to utilize a fish waste oil issued from the industrial smoking process in nitrogen-limited Yarrowia lipolytica yeast batch cultures. The waste carbon source was utilized by the yeast and stimulated the single cell oil production via an ex novo pathway. The yeast biomass contained lipids up to 0.227 g/g d.m.. Independently from culture conditions, high contents of very long chain fatty acids were quantified in yeast biomass including docosahexaenoic (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), eicosenic and erucic acids. The pH regulation did not influence the cellular lipids yield (0.234 g/g d.m.). Meanwhile, the intensification of the oxygenation of medium by changing the mixing speed (maximum concentration of lipids produced 4.64 g/dm3) and decreasing the amount of inoculum had a positive effect on the culture parameters in waste fish oil medium. Further work on upgradation of the original waste is advisable, especially because the oil indicated high content of polyphenols and lower susceptibility to oxidation than microbial oil derived from control olive oil medium.
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Chandra P, Enespa, Singh R, Arora PK. Microbial lipases and their industrial applications: a comprehensive review. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:169. [PMID: 32847584 PMCID: PMC7449042 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases are very versatile enzymes, and produced the attention of the several industrial processes. Lipase can be achieved from several sources, animal, vegetable, and microbiological. The uses of microbial lipase market is estimated to be USD 425.0 Million in 2018 and it is projected to reach USD 590.2 Million by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 6.8% from 2018. Microbial lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) catalyze the hydrolysis of long chain triglycerides. The microbial origins of lipase enzymes are logically dynamic and proficient also have an extensive range of industrial uses with the manufacturing of altered molecules. The unique lipase (triacylglycerol acyl hydrolase) enzymes catalyzed the hydrolysis, esterification and alcoholysis reactions. Immobilization has made the use of microbial lipases accomplish its best performance and hence suitable for several reactions and need to enhance aroma to the immobilization processes. Immobilized enzymes depend on the immobilization technique and the carrier type. The choice of the carrier concerns usually the biocompatibility, chemical and thermal stability, and insolubility under reaction conditions, capability of easy rejuvenation and reusability, as well as cost proficiency. Bacillus spp., Achromobacter spp., Alcaligenes spp., Arthrobacter spp., Pseudomonos spp., of bacteria and Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., of fungi are screened large scale for lipase production. Lipases as multipurpose biological catalyst has given a favorable vision in meeting the needs for several industries such as biodiesel, foods and drinks, leather, textile, detergents, pharmaceuticals and medicals. This review represents a discussion on microbial sources of lipases, immobilization methods increased productivity at market profitability and reduce logistical liability on the environment and user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Chandra
- Food Microbiology & Toxicology, Department of Microbiology, School for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central) University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025 India
| | - Enespa
- Department of Plant Pathology, School for Agriculture, SMPDC, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007 U.P. India
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, School for Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central) University, Lucknow, U.P. India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Arora
- Department of Microbiology, School for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central) University, Lucknow, U.P. India
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12
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Troiano D, Orsat V, Dumont MJ. Status of Biocatalysis in the Production of 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Troiano
- Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Valérie Orsat
- Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Dumont
- Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
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13
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Doan CT, Tran TN, Nguyen VB, Tran TD, Nguyen AD, Wang SL. Bioprocessing of Squid Pens Waste into Chitosanase by Paenibacillus sp. TKU047 and Its Application in Low-Molecular Weight Chitosan Oligosaccharides Production. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051163. [PMID: 32438616 PMCID: PMC7284385 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) has become of great interest in recent years because of its worthy biological activities. This study aims to produce COS using the enzymatic method, and investigates Paenibacillus sp. TKU047, a chitinolytic-producing strain, in terms of its chitosanase productivity on several chitinous material-containing mediums from fishery process wastes. The highest amount of chitosanase was produced on the medium using 2% (w/v) squid pens powder (0.60 U/mL) as the single carbon and nitrogen (C/N) source. The molecular mass of TKU047 chitosanase, which could be the smallest one among chitinases/chitosanases from the Paenibacillus genus, was approximately 23 kDa according to the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method. TKU047 chitosanase possessed the highest activity at 60 °C, pH 7, and toward chitosan solution with a higher degree of deacetylation (DDA) value. Additionally, the hydrolysis products of 98% DDA chitosan catalyzed by TKU047 chitosanase showed the degree of polymerization (DP) ranging from 2 to 9, suggesting that it was an endo-type activity chitosanase. The free radical scavenging activity of the obtained chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) was determined. The result showed that COS produced with Paenibacillus sp. TKU047 chitosanase expressed a higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity than that from the commercial COSs with maximum activity and IC50 values of 81.20% and 1.02 mg/mL; 18.63% and 15.37 mg/mL; and 15.96% and 15.16 mg/mL, respectively. As such, Paenibacillus sp. TKU047 may have potential use in converting squid pens waste to produce chitosanase as an enzyme for bio-activity COS preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Thang Doan
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - Thi Ngoc Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - Van Bon Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam;
| | - Trung Dung Tran
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - Anh Dzung Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - San-Lang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2621-5656; Fax: +886-2-2620-9924
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14
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Mechri S, Sellem I, Bouacem K, Jabeur F, Laribi-Habchi H, Mellouli L, Hacène H, Bouanane-Darenfed A, Jaouadi B. A biological clean processing approach for the valorization of speckled shrimp Metapenaeus monoceros by-product as a source of bioactive compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:15842-15855. [PMID: 32095964 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08076-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of the proteolytic strain Anoxybacillus kamchatkensis M1V in the fermentation of speckled shrimp by-product was investigated for the recovery of a deproteinized bioactive hydrolysate. The biological activities of the resulting hydrolysate were also examined by applying several antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory assays. The strain M1V was found to produce high level of protease activity (2000 U/mL) when grown in media containing only shrimp powder at 25 g/L. The crude protease displayed a significant deproteinization capabiliy, with the best efficiency (48%) being recorded for an enzyme to substrate (E/S) ratio of 30 U/mg. Following the deproteinization, chitin was recovered and the authenticity was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. On the other hand, the obtained hydrolysate showed a significant enzymatic inhibitory potential against acetylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, amylase, and angiotensin I convertase, and a strong antioxidant activity. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondes Mechri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Sellem
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules (LMB), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khelifa Bouacem
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences (FSB), University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P.O. Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fadoua Jabeur
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hassiba Laribi-Habchi
- Laboratory of Functional Analysis of Chemical Processes (LFACP), Process Engineering Department, Faculty of Technology, University of Blida 1, Road of Soumaâ, P.O. Box 270, 09000, Blida, Algeria
| | - Lotfi Mellouli
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules (LMB), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hocine Hacène
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences (FSB), University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P.O. Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Amel Bouanane-Darenfed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences (FSB), University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P.O. Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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15
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Kaur R, Tyagi RD, Zhang X. Review on pulp and paper activated sludge pretreatment, inhibitory effects and detoxification strategies for biovalorization. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109094. [PMID: 31927243 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biovalorization of pulp and paper activated sludge to value-added products could be an effective alternative to traditional sludge management methods, which tend to pose serious environmental issues. Since pulp and paper activated sludge consists of microbial biomass, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin and thus, could be subjected to different hydrolysis methods to solubilize sludge solids and release simple sugars to form value-added products by the microbial fermentation process. Hence, different sludge hydrolysis methods have been summarized in this review paper. However, hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials generates variety of toxic compounds during hydrolysis and causes detrimental effects. Therefore, different toxic compounds and their impact on microorganisms, cellulolytic enzymes and fermentation process have been discussed in detail and recent strategies to counteract the problems of inhibitors have also been briefly explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajwinder Kaur
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | | | - Xiaolei Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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16
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Scaling-up processes: Patents and commercial applications. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2020; 92:187-223. [PMID: 32402444 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Van Thuoc D, My DN, Loan TT, Sudesh K. Utilization of waste fish oil and glycerol as carbon sources for polyhydroxyalkanoate production by Salinivibrio sp. M318. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:885-892. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
This review aims to familiarize the reader with research efforts on the cultivation media of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). We have also included a brief discussion on standard ingredients used in LAB media and chemically defined media as related to bacterial growth requirements. Recent research has focused on modifying standard media for the enumeration, differentiation, isolation, and identification of starter cultures and probiotics. Even though large numbers of these media have been developed to serve dairy microbial control, they have failed to provide consistent results. The research consequently points to the need to develop a reliable lactobacilli growth medium for the dairy industry.
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19
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Zhang Y, Simpson BK. Food-related transglutaminase obtained from fish/shellfish. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3214-3232. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1681357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Benjamin K. Simpson
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Québec, Québec, Canada
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20
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Delgado-García M, Flores-Gallegos AC, Kirchmayr M, Rodríguez JA, Mateos-Díaz JC, Aguilar CN, Muller M, Camacho-Ruíz RM. Bioprospection of proteases from Halobacillus andaensis for bioactive peptide production from fish muscle protein. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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21
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Akpor OB, Odesola DE, Thomas RE, Oluba OM. Chicken feather hydrolysate as alternative peptone source for microbial cultivation. F1000Res 2018; 7:1918. [PMID: 31489177 PMCID: PMC6707403 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17134.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Commercially available conventional growth medium for the culture of microbes are expensive, hence the need for alternative cheaper sources. Poultry waste, in the form of feather and blood, are of value in biotechnology because of their high protein content. Hence the primary aim of this study was to produce a cheaper peptone alternative from chicken feather protein hydrolysate (CFPH) and blood meal (BM). Methods: We monitored the growth of selected bacteria and fungi in different concentrations of medium produced from varying combination of peptone, CFPH and BM in order to determine the combination that produced maximum growth. Five different media, namely 100% peptone (control), 100% BM, 40% peptone + 60% CFPH, 40% BM + 60% CFPH and 20% peptone + 20% BM + 60% CFPH were prepared and used for the study. The different media were inoculated with 1 ml of each test organism ( Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida carpophila, Candida tropicalis and Pichia kundriavzevii) and their growth monitored for 10 h. Results:Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus grew best in the 100% peptone, Klebsiella pneumoniae grew best in 100 BM. The fungi species were observed to grow best in 100% peptone. The 60% CFPH + 40% peptone combination (CFPH obtained with precipitate of trichloroacetic acid (TCA), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitic acid (HNO 3) gave the best growth of E. coli. The 60% CFPH + 40% peptone combination (CFPH obtained with precipitate of TCA) also gave the best growth of C. tropicalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusions: Overall, the 60% CFPH + 40% peptone combination showed the most potential as an alternative to peptone, especially for E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oghenerobor B. Akpor
- Department of Microbiology, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara, 251101, Nigeria
| | - Damilola E. Odesola
- Department of Microbiology, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara, 251101, Nigeria
| | - Remilekun E. Thomas
- Department of Microbiology, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara, 251101, Nigeria
| | - Olarewaju M. Oluba
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, 251101, Nigeria
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22
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Akpor OB, Odesola DE, Thomas RE, Oluba OM. Chicken feather hydrolysate as alternative peptone source for microbial cultivation. F1000Res 2018; 7:1918. [PMID: 31489177 PMCID: PMC6707403 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17134.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Commercially available conventional growth medium for the culture of microbes are expensive, hence the need for alternative cheaper sources. Poultry waste, in the form of feather and blood, are of value in biotechnology because of their high protein content. Hence the primary aim of this study was to produce a cheaper peptone alternative from chicken feather protein hydrolysate (CFPH) and blood meal (BM). Methods: We monitored the growth of selected bacteria and fungi in different concentrations of medium produced from varying combination of peptone, CFPH and BM in order to determine the combination that produced maximum growth. Five different media, namely 100% peptone (control), 100% BM, 40% peptone + 60% CFPH, 40% BM + 60% CFPH and 20% peptone + 20% BM + 60% CFPH were prepared and used for the study. The different media were inoculated with 1 ml of each test organism ( Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida carpophila, Candida tropicalis and Pichia kundriavzevii) and their growth monitored for 10 h. Results:Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus grew best in the 100% peptone, Klebsiella pneumoniae grew best in 100 BM. The fungi species were observed to grow best in 100% peptone. The 60% CFPH + 40% peptone combination (CFPH obtained with precipitate of TCA, HCl, and HNO 3 gave the best growth of E. coli. The 60% CFPH + 40% peptone combination (CFPH obtained with precipitate of TCA) also gave the best growth of C. tropicalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. Conclusions: Overall, the 60% CFPH + 40% peptone combination showed the most potential as an alternative to peptone, especially for E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oghenerobor B. Akpor
- Department of Microbiology, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara, 251101, Nigeria
| | - Damilola E. Odesola
- Department of Microbiology, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara, 251101, Nigeria
| | - Remilekun E. Thomas
- Department of Microbiology, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara, 251101, Nigeria
| | - Olarewaju M. Oluba
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, 251101, Nigeria
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23
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Akpor OB, Odesola DE, Thomas RE, Oluba OM. Chicken feather hydrolysate as alternative peptone source for microbial cultivation. F1000Res 2018; 7:1918. [PMID: 31489177 PMCID: PMC6707403 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17134.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Commercially available conventional growth media for the culture of microbes are expensive, hence the need for alternative cheaper sources. Livestock waste, in the form of feather and blood, are of value in biotechnology because of their high protein content. Hence the primary aim of this study was to produce a cheaper peptone alternative from chicken feather protein hydrolysate (CFPH) and blood meal (BM). Methods: The growth of selected bacteria and fungi was monitored in different media prepared from varied concentrations of peptone, CFPH and BM in order to determine the combination that produced maximum growth. Five different media, namely 100% peptone (control), 100% BM, 40% peptone + 60% CFPH, 40% BM + 60% CFPH and 20% peptone + 20% BM + 60% CFPH were prepared and used for the study. The different media were inoculated with 1 ml of each test organism ( Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida carpophila, Candida tropicalis and Pichia kundriavzevii) and their growth monitored for 10 h. Results:Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus grew best in the 100% peptone, Klebsiella pneumoniae grew best in 100 BM. The fungi species were observed to grow best in 100% peptone. The 60% CFPH + 40% peptone combination (CFPH obtained with precipitate of trichloroacetic acid (TCA), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO 3) gave the best growth of E. coli. The 60% CFPH + 40% peptone combination (CFPH obtained with precipitate of TCA) also gave the best growth of C. tropicalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusions: Overall, the 60% CFPH + 40% peptone combination showed the most potential as an alternative to peptone, especially for E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oghenerobor B. Akpor
- Department of Microbiology, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara, 251101, Nigeria
| | - Damilola E. Odesola
- Department of Microbiology, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara, 251101, Nigeria
| | - Remilekun E. Thomas
- Department of Microbiology, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara, 251101, Nigeria
| | - Olarewaju M. Oluba
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, 251101, Nigeria
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24
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Abstract
Large-scale production of T1 lipase using conventional culture media is costly. To reduce the cost of production, an alternative growth medium using local resources has been developed. In this study, the growth of recombinant Escherichia coli and expression of T1 lipase were tested using different agroindustrial wastes as carbon and nitrogen sources by conventional method. Subsequently, by using central composite rotatable design (CCRD), a set of 30 experiments was generated to evaluate the effect of different parameters, including the amount of molasses (as carbon source), fish waste (as nitrogen source), NaCl, and inducer concentration on production of T1 lipase. Response surface methodology (RSM) analysis indicated that all factors had significant effects on T1 lipase production. This statistical analysis was utilised to develop a quadratic model to correlate various important variables for the growth of the recombinant strain and regulation of gene expression to the response (T1 lipase activity). Optimum conditions for T1 lipase production were observed to be 1.0 g/L of molasses, 2.29 g/L of fish waste, 3.46 g/L of NaCl, and 0.03 mM of IPTG (Isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside). Based on these conditions, the actual lipase activity was found to be 164.37 U/mL, which fitted well with the maximum predicted value of 172.89 U/mL. Therefore, the results demonstrated that, the statistical analysis, performed using RSM, was efficient in optimising T1 lipase production. Moreover, the optimum conditions obtained can be applied to scale up the process and minimise the cost of enzyme production.
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25
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Bonilla S, Choolaei Z, Meyer T, Edwards EA, Yakunin AF, Allen DG. Evaluating the effect of enzymatic pretreatment on the anaerobic digestibility of pulp and paper biosludge. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 17:77-85. [PMID: 29349044 PMCID: PMC5767569 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A new and rigorous approach for assessing the effect of enzymatic pretreatment on AD is proposed. Enzymes can improve anaerobic digestion increasing biogas yields by up to 26%. First study to isolate the effect of catalytic activity and organic load from enzymes to evaluate enzymatic pretreatment. Enzymes did not appear to be inhibited or denatured in the presence of biosludge.
Anaerobic digestion of biosludge has not yet been implemented in pulp mills due to low biogas yields. Enzymatic pretreatment of biosludge has shown improvements in biogas yields but results are varied. A key limitation of previous studies is that they fail to consider the COD contribution from the enzyme solutions. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the potential for enzymatic pretreatment on the anaerobic digestibility of pulp mill biosludge. Out of the six enzymes tested, four enhanced the anaerobic digestibility of biosludge. At the end of the BMP, a maximum improvement of 26% in biogas yield was observed with protease from B. licheniformis. There was no correlation between enzymatic activities on standard substrates and/or on biosludge and the effect of enzymes on biogas yields. Enzymes have potential for improving biosludge anaerobic digestibility but more research on optimal conditions and potential synergies with other pretreatment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bonilla
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry at the University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Zahra Choolaei
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry at the University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Torsten Meyer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry at the University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Edwards
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry at the University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Alexander F Yakunin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry at the University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - D Grant Allen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry at the University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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26
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Mohapatra S, Sarkar B, Samantaray DP, Daware A, Maity S, Pattnaik S, Bhattacharjee S. Bioconversion of fish solid waste into PHB using Bacillus subtilis based submerged fermentation process. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:3201-3208. [PMID: 28162048 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1291759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, one of the major problem affecting the world is solid waste management, predominantly petroleum-based plastic and fish solid waste (FSW). However, it is very difficult to reduce the consumption of plastic as well as fish products, but it is promising to convert FSW to biopolymer to reduce eco-pollution. On account of that, the bioconversion of FSW extract to polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) was undertaken by using Bacillus subtilis (KP172548). Under optimized conditions, 1.62 g/L of PHB has been produced by the bacterium. The purified compound was further characterized by advanced analytical technologies to elucidate its chemical structure. Results indicated that the biopolymer was found to be PHB, the most common homopolymer of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). This is the first report demonstrating the efficacy of B. subtilis to utilize FSW extract to produce biopolymer. The biocompatibility of the PHB against murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 demonstrated that, it was comparatively less toxic, favourable for surface attachment and proliferation in comparison with poly-lactic acid (PLA) and commercially available PHB. Thus, further exploration is highly indispensable to use FSW extract as a substrate for production of PHB at pilot scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mohapatra
- a Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology , Roorke , India
| | - B Sarkar
- b ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, IINRG Campus , Ranchi , Jharkhand , India
| | - D P Samantaray
- c Department of Microbiology , Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology , Bhubaneswar , Odisha, India
| | - A Daware
- d Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics , Tripura University , Agartala , Tripura , India
| | - S Maity
- c Department of Microbiology , Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology , Bhubaneswar , Odisha, India
| | - S Pattnaik
- c Department of Microbiology , Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology , Bhubaneswar , Odisha, India
| | - S Bhattacharjee
- d Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics , Tripura University , Agartala , Tripura , India
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27
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Harikrishna N, Mahalakshmi S, Kiran Kumar K, Reddy G. Fish Scales as Potential Substrate for Production of Alkaline Protease and Amino Acid Rich Aqua Hydrolyzate by Bacillus altitudinis GVC11. Indian J Microbiol 2017; 57:339-343. [PMID: 28904419 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-017-0664-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish processing industries generate large quantities of fish scales as processing waste, if not treated leading to environmental pollution. Fish scales are hard to degrade, hence cause difficulty in waste management. In this context present study was made to utilize fish scales as substrate for the production of alkaline protease by Bacillus altitudinis GVC11 and subsequently amino acid rich aqua hydrolyzate. B. altitudinis GVC11 efficiently utilized five types of fish scales as substrates and produced maximum alkaline protease using Labeo rohita (28,150 U/mL) followed by Catla catla (23,320 U/mL) at 48 h and Cyprinus carpio (17,146 U/mL) Mugil cephalus (18,917 U/mL), Cirrhinus mrigala (12,430 U/mL) at 72 h. The HPLC analysis of protein hydrolyzate obtained after fermentation was enriched in essential amino acids, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, lysine and non-essential amino acids, tyrosine, arginine and cysteine which can be used as animal feed supplement and organic fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Harikrishna
- Government Degree College, Siddipet, Telangana India
| | - S Mahalakshmi
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | - K Kiran Kumar
- Fermentation Technology Development Center, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gopal Reddy
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007 India
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28
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Bio-prospecting of cuttle fish waste and cow dung for the production of fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus cereus IND5 in solid state fermentation. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:231. [PMID: 28330303 PMCID: PMC5234527 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The process parameters governing the production of fibrinolytic enzyme
in solid state fermentation employing Bacillus
cereus IND5 and using cuttle fish waste and cow dung substrate were
optimized. The pH value of the medium, moisture content, sucrose, casein and
magnesium sulfate were considered for two-level full factorial design and pH, casein
and magnesium sulfate were identified as the important factors for fibrinolytic
enzyme production. Central composite design was applied to investigate the
interactive effect among variables (pH, casein and magnesium sulfate) and response
surface plots were created to find the pinnacle of process response. The optimized
levels of factors were pH 7.8, 1.1% casein and 0.1% magnesium sulfate. Enzyme
production was increased 2.5-fold after statistical approach. The enzyme was
purified up to a specific activity of 364.5 U/g proteins and its molecular weight
was 47 kDa. It was stable at pH 8.0 and was highly active at 50 °C. The mixture of
cuttle fish waste and cow dung could find great application as solid substrate for
the production of fibrinolytic enzyme.
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29
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Ramkumar A, Sivakumar N, Victor R. Fish Waste-Potential Low Cost Substrate for Bacterial Protease Production: A Brief Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2174/1874070701610010335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Industrial biotechnology processes have recently been exploited for an economic utilization of wastes to produce value added products. Of which, fish waste is one of the rich sources of proteins that can be utilized as low cost substrates for microbial enzyme production. Fish heads, tails, fins, viscera and the chitinous materials make up the wastes from fish industries. Processing these wastes for the production of commercial value added products could result in a decrease in the cost of production. In addition, we can eliminate the pollution of the environment and health issues due to the improper disposal of these fish wastes. This review highlights the potential use of fish waste as a cheaper substrate for the production of economically important protease enzyme.
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30
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Emerging trends in nutraceutical applications of whey protein and its derivatives. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 52:6847-58. [PMID: 26884639 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The looming food insecurity demands the utilization of nutrient-rich residues from food industries as value-added products. Whey, a dairy industry waste has been characterized to be excellent nourishment with an array of bioactive components. Whey protein comprises 20 % of total milk protein and it is rich in branched and essential amino acids, functional peptides, antioxidants and immunoglobulins. It confers benefits against a wide range of metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular complications, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cancer and phenylketonuria. The protein has been validated to boost recovery from resistance exercise-injuries, stimulate gut physiology and protect skin against detrimental radiations. Apart from health invigoration, whey protein has proved its suitability as fat replacer and emulsifier. Further, its edible and antimicrobial packaging potential renders its highly desirable in food as well as pharmaceutical sectors. Considering the enormous nutraceutical worth of whey protein, this review emphasizes on its established and emerging biological roles. Present and future scopes in food processing and dietary supplement formulation are discussed. Associated hurdles are identified and how technical advancement might augment its applications are explored. This review is expected to provide valuable insight on whey protein-fortified functional foods, associated technical hurdles and scopes of improvement.
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Khattak WA, Ul-Islam M, Ullah MW, Khan S, Park JK. Endogenous Hydrolyzing Enzymes: Isolation, Characterization, and Applications in Biological Processes. POLYSACCHARIDES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Khattak WA, Ul-Islam M, Ullah MW, Khan S, Park JK. Endogenous Hydrolyzing Enzymes: Isolation, Characterization, and Applications in Biological Processes. POLYSACCHARIDES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_55-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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