1
|
Drzewiecka B, Wessely-Szponder J, Świeca M, Espinal P, Fusté E, Fernández-De La Cruz E. Bioactive Peptides and Other Immunomodulators of Mushroom Origin. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1483. [PMID: 39062056 PMCID: PMC11274834 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
For centuries, humans have used mushrooms as both food and pro-health supplements. Mushrooms, especially those related to the functions of the human immune system, are rich in dietary fiber, minerals, essential amino acids, and various bioactive compounds and have significant health-promoting properties. Immunoregulatory compounds in mushrooms include lectins, terpenes, terpenoids, polysaccharides, and fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs). The distribution of these compounds varies from one species of mushroom to another, and their immunomodulatory activities depend on the core structures and chemical modifications in the composition of the fractions. In this review, we describe active compounds from medical mushrooms. We summarize potential mechanisms for their in vitro and in vivo activities and detail approaches used in developing and applying bioactive compounds from mushrooms. Finally, we discuss applications of fungal peptides and highlight areas that require improvement before the widespread use of those compounds as therapeutic agents and explore the status of clinical studies on the immunomodulatory activities of mushrooms and their products, as well as the prospect of clinical application of AMPs as 'drug-like' compounds with great potential for treatment of non-healing chronic wounds and multiresistant infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Drzewiecka
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Wessely-Szponder
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Świeca
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Paula Espinal
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (P.E.); (E.F.); (E.F.-D.L.C.)
| | - Ester Fusté
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (P.E.); (E.F.); (E.F.-D.L.C.)
- Department Public Health, Mental Health and Perinatal Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Fernández-De La Cruz
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (P.E.); (E.F.); (E.F.-D.L.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stojek K, Bobrowska-Korczak B, Kusińska B, Czerwonka M, Decruyenaere J, Decock L, Klama J, Mueller S, Ponette Q, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Verheyen K, Jaroszewicz B. Factors affecting composition of fatty acids in wild-growing forest mushrooms. Mycologia 2024; 116:381-391. [PMID: 38573224 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2325045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The importance of mushrooms as a food source is continually increasing. To investigate how environmental factors affect the nutritional value of mushrooms, we harvested them in eastern Poland, south-central Germany, and northwestern Belgium in plots with similar environmental conditions but varying in tree species composition and richness. We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze the fatty acid (FA) content of the mushrooms. Fungal species identity explained the largest part (40%) of the total variation in FA concentration and composition. Environmental factors accounted for 1-12% of variation. The concentration of FA, especially saturated fatty acids, decreased with increasing understory cover and increasing nitrogen concentration in the topsoil. The effect of tree species richness or tree species identity was negligible. Our results suggest that the nutritional value of mushrooms depends mainly on the species identity of fungi, but that their FA content is slightly higher in forests with less undergrowth and in nitrogen-poor soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Stojek
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Sportowa 19, Białowieża 17230, Poland
| | | | - Barbara Kusińska
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Sportowa 19, Białowieża 17230, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Czerwonka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Stefana Banacha 1, Warszawa 02097, Poland
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, Warsaw 01043, Poland
| | - Julien Decruyenaere
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 box L7.05.24, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium
| | - Lucas Decock
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, Melle Gontrode 9090, Belgium
| | - Johanna Klama
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Geobotany. Schänzelstr. 1, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Sandra Mueller
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Geobotany. Schänzelstr. 1, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Quentin Ponette
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 box L7.05.24, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium
| | | | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, Melle Gontrode 9090, Belgium
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Sportowa 19, Białowieża 17230, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Karempudi VK, Gokul TA, Ramesh Kumar K, Veeramanikandan V, Ali D, Impellitteri F, Faggio C, Ullah H, Daglia M, Balaji P. Protective role of Pleurotus florida against streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in rats: A preclinical study. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116005. [PMID: 38086150 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pleurotus florida (Mont.) Singer is a mushroom species known to be an antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and diuretic agent, reducing blood pressure and cholesterol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo potency of P. florida's anti-diabetic properties in rats affected by hyperglycemia induced by Streptozotocin (STZ) at 55 mg/kg (i.p.), characterized by oxidative stress impairment, and changes in insulin levels and lipid profile. After inducing hyperglycemia in the rats, they were treated with P. florida acetone and methanol extracts, orally administered for 28 days at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight. The hyperglycemic control (DC) group showed significant increases (P < 0.05) in mean blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, lipid hydroperoxides, and malondialdehyde, compared to the normal control (NC) group The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum insulin, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione disulfide, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, guaiacol peroxidase, and vitamin E and C levels showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in DC group, compared to the NC group. Blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, and insulin levels improved significantly after 28 days of treatment, in the group treated with glibenclamide (an oral hypoglycemic drug, used as positive control), and in the groups treated with P. florida extracts. In DC group, the treatment with P. florida was found to prevent diabetes, according to histopathological studies of the kidneys, pancreas, and liver of rats. In conclusion, this study has shown that the treatment with P. florida decreased oxidative stress and glucose levels in the blood, as well as restoring changes in lipid profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamilselvan Amutha Gokul
- PG and Research Centre in Zoology, Vivekananda College (Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Tiruvedakam (West), Madurai, TN, India
| | - Kamatchi Ramesh Kumar
- PG and Research Centre in Zoology, Vivekananda College (Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Tiruvedakam (West), Madurai, TN, India
| | | | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Paulraj Balaji
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Hosur, TN, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nagae M, Isa A, Ishikawa S, Muta S, Shimizu K. Effect of Oral Intake of Flammulina velutipes (Enokitake) on Skin Condition in Healthy Adult Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study on Mental and Physical Health. COSMETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics10020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional foods are concentrated sources of molecules with a nutritional or physiological effect which contain nutrients. There is a category, “nutricosmetics”, defined as ingestible natural health products that enhance the function and appearance of human skin, nails, and hair. A new variety of Flammulina velutipes (F. velutipes), Oki-Shirayuki 919, was explored to ascertain whether its components have functions of nutricosmetics. We focused on physiological effects for enhancing the human skin condition, such as moisturizing or barrier functions in F. velutipes. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study was performed between January and March 2022. Among healthy men and women (n = 30) aged 20 to 59 years, the test group (n = 15) took a test product which included F. velutipes dry powder, and the placebo group (n = 15) took a placebo (a similar product in which the F. velutipes dry powder was replaced with plum fruit paste). Since the amount of increase in skin hydration over four weeks in the test group was significantly larger than that in the placebo group, a significant difference between the two groups was observed (p = 0.033). F. velutipe was suggested to have some physiological functions such as improving skin moisture.
Collapse
|
5
|
Shamim MZ, Mishra AK, Kausar T, Mahanta S, Sarma B, Kumar V, Mishra PK, Panda J, Baek KH, Mohanta YK. Exploring Edible Mushrooms for Diabetes: Unveiling Their Role in Prevention and Treatment. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062837. [PMID: 36985818 PMCID: PMC10058372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex illness in which the body does not create enough insulin to control blood glucose levels. Worldwide, this disease is life-threatening and requires low-cost, side-effect-free medicine. Due to adverse effects, many synthetic hypoglycemic medications for diabetes fail. Mushrooms are known to contain natural bioactive components that may be anti-diabetic; thus, scientists are now targeting them. Mushroom extracts, which improve immune function and fight cancer, are becoming more popular. Mushroom-derived functional foods and dietary supplements can delay the onset of potentially fatal diseases and help treat pre-existing conditions, which leads to the successful prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes, which is restricted to the breakdown of complex polysaccharides by pancreatic-amylase and the suppression of intestinal-glucosidase. Many mushroom species are particularly helpful in lowering blood glucose levels and alleviating diabetes symptoms. Hypoglycaemic effects have been observed in investigations on Agaricussu brufescens, Agaricus bisporus, Cordyceps sinensis, Inonotus obliqus, Coprinus comatus, Ganoderma lucidum, Phellinus linteus, Pleurotus spp., Poria cocos, and Sparassis crispa. For diabetics, edible mushrooms are high in protein, vitamins, and minerals and low in fat and cholesterol. The study found that bioactive metabolites isolated from mushrooms, such as polysaccharides, proteins, dietary fibers, and many pharmacologically active compounds, as well as solvent extracts of mushrooms with unknown metabolites, have anti-diabetic potential in vivo and in vitro, though few are in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zaki Shamim
- Department of Food Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Sciences, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati 781026, Assam, India
| | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tahreem Kausar
- Department of Food Technology, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, Delhi, India
| | - Saurov Mahanta
- Guwahati Centre, National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT), Guwahati 781008, Assam, India
| | - Bhaskar Sarma
- Department of Botany, Dhemaji College, Dhemaji 787057, Assam, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Jibanjyoti Panda
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, 9th Mile, Baridua, Ri-Bhoi 793101, Meghalaya, India
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, 9th Mile, Baridua, Ri-Bhoi 793101, Meghalaya, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim BH, Yim SV, Hwang SD, Kim YS, Kim JH. A clinical trial on anti-diabetic efficacy of submerged culture medium of Ceriporia lacerata mycelium. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:83. [PMID: 36934269 PMCID: PMC10024018 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03895-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased glucose level and insulin resistance are major factors in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2M), which is chronic and debilitating disease worldwide. Submerged culture medium of Ceriporia lacerata mycelium (CLM) is known to have glucose lowering effects and improving insulin resistance in a mouse model in our previous studies. The main purpose of this clinical trial was to evaluate the functional efficacy and safety of CLM in enrolled participants with impaired fasting blood sugar or mild T2D for 12 weeks. METHODS A total of 72 participants with impaired fasting blood sugar or mild T2D were participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. All participants were randomly assigned into the CLM group or placebo group. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, insulin, C-peptide, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-IR by C-peptide were used to assess the anti-diabetic efficacy of CLM for 12 weeks. RESULTS In this study, the effectiveness of CLM on lowering the anti-diabetic indicators (C-peptide levels, insulin, and FBG) was confirmed. CLM significantly elicited anti-diabetic effects after 12 weeks of ingestion without showing any side effects in both groups of participants. After the CLM treatment, FBG levels were effectively dropped by 63.9% (ITT), while HOMA-IR level in the CLM group with FBG > 110 mg/dL showed a marked decrease by 34% up to 12 weeks. Remarkably, the effect of improving insulin resistance was significantly increased in the subgroup of participants with insulin resistance, exhibiting effective reduction at 6 weeks (42.5%) and 12 weeks (61%), without observing a recurrence or hypoglycemia. HbA1c levels were also decreased by 50% in the participants with reduced indicators (FBG, insulin, C-peptide, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-IR). Additionally, it is noteworthy that the levels of insulin and C-peptide were significantly reduced despite the CLM group with FBG > 110 mg/dL. No significant differences were detected in the other parameters (lipids, blood tests, and blood pressure) after 12 weeks. CONCLUSION The submerged culture medium of CLM showed clinical efficacy in the improvement of FBG, insulin, C-peptide, HbAc1, and HOMA-index. The microbiome-based medium could benefit patients with T2D, FBG disorders, or pre-diabetes, which could guide a new therapeutic pathway in surging the global diabetes epidemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hyung Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Sung-Vin Yim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Seong Deok Hwang
- Bio-R&D Center, Fugenbio Co., Ltd, Seoul, 06746, Republic of Korea
- FugenCellTech Co Ltd, Sangju, 37272, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Kim
- Bio-R&D Center, Fugenbio Co., Ltd, Seoul, 06746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Kim
- Bio-R&D Center, Fugenbio Co., Ltd, Seoul, 06746, Republic of Korea.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vashisht S, Singh N, Sharma A, Saini N, Gaur SN, Arora N. In silico tools to assess the potential allergenicity of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:877-890. [PMID: 36057923 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computational tools may have an edge over conventional methods for the preliminary evaluation of food allergenicity. In this study, the allergenic potential of Lentinula edodes was evaluated and validated using in silico tools. RESULTS The potential cross-reactivity of mushroom proteins with fungal allergens was determined using sequence alignment - the Fast Alignment (FASTA) and Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) algorithm. Eight L. edodes proteins were cross-reactive with allergens from fungal origin, showing 52%-89% sequence identity using FASTA algorithm-based alignment. The BLAST data were corroborated by percentage identity and query coverage. Physico-chemical property-based allergenicity was deciphered by AlgPred, Allermatch, and AllergenFP software, which predicted six out of eight proteins as potential allergens. Sequence alignment showed 66%-86% conservancy between mushroom protein and known fungal allergens. Secondary structure and amino acid composition supported structural affinity between query and fungal proteins. Three-dimensional structures of five mushroom proteins were generated, quality assessed, and superimposed with fungal allergens, suggesting possible allergenicity of mushroom proteins. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) demonstrated immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding in 13 out of 21 food-hypersensitive patients' sera. CONCLUSION In silico tools provide preliminary indications about the potential allergenicity and cross-reactivity of mushroom proteins. This approach may be used for the prelusive allergenicity assessment of allergen sources. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Vashisht
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomicsand Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Naresh Singh
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomicsand Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Akansha Sharma
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomicsand Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Neeru Saini
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomicsand Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shailendra Nath Gaur
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Naveen Arora
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomicsand Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Manjunathan J, Shyamalagowri S, Kamaraj M, Thyagarajan SP, Kaviyarasan V, Brindhadevi K. In vitro evaluation of growth reticence and anticancer potential of 5α,8α-epidioxy-24ᶓ-methylcholesta-6,22-dien-3β-ol and ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol bioactive isolated from an edible mushroom Lentinus tuberregium (fr.). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114765. [PMID: 36356661 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The focus point of this current work is to evaluate the anticancer and growth inhibitory efficacy of compounds 5α,8α-epidioxy-24ᶓ-methylcholesta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (LT1), and Ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol (LT2) of Lentinus tuberregium (Fr.) on three cell lines such as A673 (Rhabdomyosarcoma), MCF7 (breast cancer), and HCT116 (colorectal carcinoma) by MTT assay. LT1 and LT2 exerted maximal growth inhibition in the order as A673 > HCT116 > MCF7. Comparatively, LT1 was more potent in causing cell growth inhibition than LT2 in the A673 cancer cell line. Based on the MTT assay, A673 cells alone proceeded further as a model to evaluate the anticancer potential of LT1 and LT2 at three different semilogarithmic concentrations (3, 10, 30 μM). The cells exposed with compounds at 24 and 48 h were analyzed by flow cytometry. Exposure of LT1 at 3 and 10 μM concentrations for 24 h caused a G2-M arrest. At 10 μM concentration, cells also accumulated in the G0-G1 phase, indicating a G1 block. These effects were only transient as prolonged exposure (48 h) of LT1 treatment brought back the cell population to normalcy. Both the compounds only at 30 μM concentration have the potential to induce a hypodiploid peak (sub G0), indicating an induction of apoptosis which was explicit by nuclear condensation and fragmentation of nuclei in cells. The dose-dependent and compound-specific apoptotic induction was further confirmed by caspase activity higher in LT1 than LT2. The results highlight the significant growth inhibitory activity and anticancer potential of LT1 and LT2 which are recommended for further in-depth analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Manjunathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai-600117, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S Shyamalagowri
- P.G. and Research Department of Botany, Pachaiyappas College, Chennai- 600030, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Kamaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology - Ramapuram Campus, Chennai- 600089, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S P Thyagarajan
- Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women (Deemed to Be University), Coimbatore -641 043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Kaviyarasan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai- 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang J, Rayamajhi S, Thapa A, Meng G, Zhang Q, Liu L, Wu H, Gu Y, Zhang S, Zhang T, Wang X, Cao Z, Dong J, Zheng X, Zhang X, Dong X, Wang X, Sun S, Zhou M, Jia Q, Song K, Niu K. Edible mushrooms as a potent therapeutics of subclinical thyroid dysfunction among adults, especially in obese individuals: a prospective cohort study. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
10
|
Dubey SK, Rai SN, Singh VK, Bajpeyee AK, Singh MP. Evaluation of Pleurotus Mushroom Effects on Histopathological Changes in Organs of Diabetic Rats. DISEASE MARKERS 2023; 2023:1520132. [PMID: 37091893 PMCID: PMC10121342 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1520132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that can be categorized mainly into type 1 and type 2. Diabetes type 1 is caused due to β-cell destruction, whereas type 2 is caused by the resistance of cell receptors. Many therapies are available for the management of diabetes, but they have some side effects, and as a result of this, people are attracted to natural treatments. Pleurotus mushrooms are well documented for their medicinal attributes and their role in the treatment of diseases like cancer, infectious disease, neurodiseases, and inflammatory disease. The protective mechanism of the Pleurotus fossulatus (P. fossulatus) mushroom and its detailed histological study on kidneys and the liver in diabetic conditions were unexplored. The present study evaluated the effects of P. fossulatus aqueous extract on histological changes in the diabetic rat model. Male Wistar albino rats were used to create the diabetic model by using streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneal (IP) injection. The animals were separated into five different groups, with six animals in each. Only group I, animals that did not receive STZ, was considered a normal control. Group II was a diabetic control and received normal saline, and group III was a drug control and received metformin as a standard drug. Groups IV and V were dosing groups, which received the aqueous extract of P. fossulatus in 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of body weight concentrations, labeled as T1 and T2 groups, respectively. The T1 and T2 groups clearly showed their potential to reverse the histopathological changes in the kidney and liver. However, the T2 group was more effective than the T1 group, as results indicate that functions of the glomerulus and its structural deformity were restored to their near-natural form in the T2 group. In the case of the liver, the histological changes like the dilatation of sinusoids, more numbers of the Kupffer cell formation, and necrosis were restored in the T2 group. All these results proved the potential of P. fossulatus against the side effects of diabetes. It could protect the organs from developing diabetic nephropathy (DN) and liver-related diseases like cirrhosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar Dubey
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Sachchida Nand Rai
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, C.M.P. Degree College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | | | - M. P. Singh
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bioactive compounds from mushrooms: Emerging bioresources of food and nutraceuticals. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
12
|
Sun Y, He H, Wang Q, Yang X, Jiang S, Wang D. A Review of Development and Utilization for Edible Fungal Polysaccharides: Extraction, Chemical Characteristics, and Bioactivities. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204454. [PMID: 36298031 PMCID: PMC9609814 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible fungi, commonly known as mushrooms, are precious medicinal and edible homologous gifts from nature to us. Because of their distinctive flavor and exceptional nutritional and medicinal value, they have been a frequent visitor to people’s dining tables and have become a hot star in the healthcare, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. Edible fungal polysaccharides (EFPs) are an essential nutrient for edible fungi to exert bioactivity. They have attracted much attention because of their antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antitumor, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic bioactivities. As a result, EFPs have demonstrated outstanding potential over the past few decades in various disciplines, including molecular biology, immunology, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical chemistry. However, the complexity of EFPs and the significant impact of mushroom variety and extraction techniques on their bioactivities prevents a complete investigation of their biological features. Therefore, the authors of this paper thoroughly reviewed the comparison of different extraction methods of EFPs and their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and glycosidic bond type and backbone structure of EFPs are described in detail. Moreover, the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of EFPs extracted by different methods and their potential regulatory mechanisms are summarized. These provide a valuable reference for improving the extraction process of EFPs and their production and development in the pharmaceutical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Sun
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Huaqi He
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Shengjuan Jiang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Daobing Wang
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jiao C, Liang H, Liu L, Li S, Chen J, Xie Y. Transcriptomic analysis of the anti-inflammatory effect of Cordyceps militaris extract on acute gouty arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1035101. [PMID: 36313318 PMCID: PMC9614083 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1035101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gouty arthritis (GA) is a common inflammatory disease that causes pain due to the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals into joints and surrounding tissues. Anti-inflammatory drugs have significant clinical anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, but they have many side effects. Cordyceps militaris is an edible and medicinal fungus, and its extract (CME) has good anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of CME on GA and its underlying mechanism. Methods: The effect of CME on the expression of related inflammatory factors and histopathological changes in the MSU-induced acute inflammatory gout model in rats was studied by ELISA and HE, and its anti-inflammatory mechanism was analyzed by transcriptome combined with RT-qPCR. Results: CME significantly improved gait scores and joint swelling in GA rats, and reduced MSU-induced inflammatory cell infiltration. CME inhibited MSU-induced inflammatory responses by reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and Caspase-1 and increasing the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. Transcriptome analysis showed that CME significantly altered inflammation-related cytokine pathways, and identified four major genes involved in regulation of inflammation, CCL7, CSF2RB, LIF, and IL-1β. In addition, RT-qPCR was performed to verify these differential genes. Conclusion: CME significantly alleviated the inflammatory progression of GA and ameliorated the onset of GA. The underlying mechanism may be related to triggering the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathway to inhibit the activation of the inflammasome and regulate the immune system. And it regulates the inflammatory response induced by MSU crystals through the genes CCL7, CSF2RB, and IL-1β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunwei Jiao
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co, Ltd., Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Yuewei Bioscience Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
| | - Huijia Liang
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co, Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co, Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunxian Li
- Guangdong Yuewei Bioscience Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
| | - Jiaming Chen
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co, Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Xie
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co, Ltd., Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Yuewei Bioscience Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
- *Correspondence: Yizhen Xie,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Immunostimulatory Effect of Postbiotics Prepared from Phellinus linteus Mycelial Submerged Culture via Activation of Spleen and Peyer's Patch in C3H/HeN Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101215. [PMID: 36297326 PMCID: PMC9612016 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms are an important natural resource promoting health benefits. Herein, Phellinus linteus mycelia were prepared under submerged cultivation, the mycelium-containing culture broth was extracted as a whole to obtain the postbiotic materials (PLME), and its effect on the immune system was evaluated in normal C3H/HeN mice. Oral administration of PLME for 4 weeks was well tolerated and safe. In the PLME-administered groups, in addition to the production of immunostimulatory cytokines, such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6), the mitogenic activity was significantly increased. PLME administration also significantly increased the levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA in the small intestinal fluid and Peyer's patches and enhanced Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation activity and cytokine production (IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ). Histomorphometric analyses showed an increase in immune cells in the spleen and small intestinal tissues of mice administered PLME, supporting the rationale for its immune system activation. PLME mainly contained neutral sugar (969.1 mg/g), comprising primarily of glucose as a monosaccharide unit. The β-glucan content was 88.5 mg/g. Data suggest that PLME effectively promote immune function by stimulating the systemic immune system through the spleen and intestinal immune tissues. PLME can thus be developed as a functional ingredient to enhance immune functions.
Collapse
|
15
|
Edible Mushrooms for Sustainable and Healthy Human Food: Nutritional and Medicinal Attributes. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14094941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Global food production faces many challenges, including climate change, a water crisis, land degradation, and desertification. These challenges require research into non-traditional sources of human foods. Edible mushrooms are considered an important next-generation healthy food source. Edible mushrooms are rich in proteins, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive components (alkaloids, lactones, polysaccharides, polyphenolic compounds, sesquiterpenes, sterols, and terpenoids). Several bioactive ingredients can be extracted from edible mushrooms and incorporated into health-promoting supplements. It has been suggested that several human diseases can be treated with extracts from edible mushrooms, as these extracts have biological effects including anticancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, immune-potentiating, and hypo-cholesterolemic influences. The current study focuses on sustainable approaches for handling edible mushrooms and their secondary metabolites, including biofortification. Comparisons between edible and poisonous mushrooms, as well as the common species of edible mushrooms and their different bioactive ingredients, are crucial. Nutritional values and the health benefits of edible mushrooms, as well as different biomedical applications, have been also emphasized. Further research is needed to explore the economic sustainability of different medicinal mushroom bioactive compound extracts and their potential applications against emerging diseases such as COVID-19. New approaches such as nano-biofortification are also needed to supply edible mushrooms with essential nutrients and/or to increase their bioactive ingredients.
Collapse
|
16
|
Fontes A, Ramalho-Santos J, Zischka H, Azul AM. Mushrooms on the plate: Trends towards NAFLD treatment, health improvement and sustainable diets. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13667. [PMID: 34390493 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a most important cause of liver disease. Similar to other non-communicable diseases (NCD), such as obesity and type II diabetes mellitus, NAFLD can strongly affected by diet. Diet-related NCD and malnutrition are rising in all regions being a major cause of the global health, economic and environmental burdens. Mushrooms, important dietary components since the hunter-gathering communities, have increasingly gained momentum in biomedical research and therapeutics due to their interplay in metabolism traits. We emphasize here the beneficial effects of mushroom-enriched diets on the homeostasis of lipid and sugar metabolism, including their modulation, but also interfering with insulin metabolism, gut microbiota, inflammation, oxidative stress and autophagy. In this review, we describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms at the gut-liver axis and the liver-white adipose tissue (WAT) axis, that plausibly cause such positive modulation, and discuss the potential of mushroom-enriched diets to prevent or ameliorate NAFLD and related NCD, also within the shift needed towards healthy sustainable diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Fontes
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,DCV-Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Ramalho-Santos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,DCV-Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anabela Marisa Azul
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Das A, Chen CM, Mu SC, Yang SH, Ju YM, Li SC. Medicinal Components in Edible Mushrooms on Diabetes Mellitus Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020436. [PMID: 35214168 PMCID: PMC8875793 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms belong to the family “Fungi” and became famous for their medicinal properties and easy accessibility all over the world. Because of its pharmaceutical properties, including anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties, it became a hot topic among scientists. However, depending on species and varieties, most of the medicinal properties became indistinct. With this interest, an attempt has been made to scrutinize the role of edible mushrooms (EM) in diabetes mellitus treatment. A systematic contemporary literature review has been carried out from all records such as Science Direct, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar with an aim to represents the work has performed on mushrooms focuses on diabetes, insulin resistance (IR), and preventive mechanism of IR, using different kinds of mushroom extracts. The final review represents that EM plays an important role in anticipation of insulin resistance with the help of active compounds, i.e., polysaccharide, vitamin D, and signifies α-glucosidase or α-amylase preventive activities. Although most of the mechanism is not clear yet, many varieties of mushrooms’ medicinal properties have not been studied properly. So, in the future, further investigation is needed on edible medicinal mushrooms to overcome the research gap to use its clinical potential to prevent non-communicable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Das
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Chiao-Ming Chen
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei 10462, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Chi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Yang
- Fengshan Tropical Horticultural Experiment Branch, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Kaohsiung City 83052, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | - Sing-Chung Li
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-27361661 (ext. 6560)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang X, Gong P, Liu M, wang M, wang S, guo Y, chang X, yang W, Chen X, Chen F. Hypoglycemic effect of a novel polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes on STZ-induced diabetic mice via metabolomics study and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. Food Funct 2022; 13:3036-3049. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03487a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the increased worldwide prevalence of diabetes, more and more attentions are focused on the natural drug candidate who could treat diabetes with high efficacy but without undesired side effect....
Collapse
|
19
|
Sovrani V, Bobermin LD, Schmitz I, Leipnitz G, Quincozes-Santos A. Potential Glioprotective Strategies Against Diabetes-Induced Brain Toxicity. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1651-1664. [PMID: 34258694 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are crucial for the maintenance of brain homeostasis by actively participating in the metabolism of glucose, which is the main energy substrate for the central nervous system (CNS), in addition to other supportive functions. More specifically, astrocytes support neurons through the metabolic coupling of synaptic activity and glucose utilization. As such, diabetes mellitus (DM) and consequent glucose metabolism disorders induce astrocyte damage, affecting CNS functionality. Glioprotective molecules can promote protection by improving glial functions and avoiding toxicity in different pathological conditions, including DM. Therefore, this review discusses specific pathomechanisms associated with DM/glucose metabolism disorder-induced gliotoxicity, namely astrocyte metabolism, redox homeostasis/mitochondrial activity, inflammation, and glial signaling pathways. Studies investigating natural products as potential glioprotective strategies against these deleterious effects of DM/glucose metabolism disorders are also reviewed herein. These products include carotenoids, catechins, isoflavones, lipoic acid, polysaccharides, resveratrol, and sulforaphane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Sovrani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Izaviany Schmitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu T, Wang J, Zhang Y, Shao Y, Li X, Guo Y, Dong W, Wang L, Chen F, Han X. Lentinan protects against pancreatic β-cell failure in chronic ethanol consumption-induced diabetic mice via enhancing β-cell antioxidant capacity. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6161-6173. [PMID: 33837638 PMCID: PMC8256364 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic ethanol consumption is a well-established independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently, increasing studies have confirmed that excessive heavy ethanol exerts direct harmful effect on pancreatic β-cell mass and function, which may be a mechanism of pancreatic β-cell failure in T2DM. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Lentinan (LNT), an active ingredient purified from the bodies of Lentinus edodes, on pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and dysfunction caused by ethanol and the possible mechanisms implicated. Functional studies reveal that LNT attenuates chronic ethanol consumption-induced impaired glucose metabolism in vivo. In addition, LNT ameliorates chronic ethanol consumption-induced β-cell dysfunction, which is characterized by reduced insulin synthesis, defected insulin secretion and increased cell apoptosis. Furthermore, mechanistic assays suggest that LNT enhances β-cell antioxidant capacity and ameliorates ethanol-induced oxidative stress by activating Nrf-2 antioxidant pathway. Our results demonstrated that LNT prevents ethanol-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis, and therefore may be a potential pharmacological agent for preventing pancreatic β-cell failure associated with T2DM and stress-induced diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yixue Shao
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xirui Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuqing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wenyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Institute of StomatologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Institute of StomatologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Guo F, Han M, Lin S, Ye H, Chen J, Zhu H, Lin W. Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide prevents high- fat diet-induced obesity in hamsters: A NMR-based metabolomic evaluation. J Food Sci 2021; 86:3672-3685. [PMID: 34191277 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide (EP) has been shown to exhibit hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activities in various experimental models. Here, an 1 H-NMR-based metabolomic study was conducted to explore the regulatory effects of EP on serum metabolic changes in obese hamsters. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed hamsters were orally administrated with EP (300, 450, or 600 mg/kg) once daily for 12 weeks. Compared with HFD-fed hamsters, EP treatment (450 and 600 mg/kg) significantly decreased the body weight (by 8.69 and 8.24%), liver weight (by 7.87 and 8.25%), epididymal white adipose tissue (by 19.54 and 17.26%), perirenal white adipose tissue (by 28.09 and 28.94%), serum total cholesterol (by 24.31 and 18.61%), triglyceride (by 30.64 and 31.38%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (by 38.26 and 36.30%), respectively. In addition, EP intervention also significantly decreased hepatic cholesterol (by 23.20, 38.16, and 34.57%) and triglyceride content (by 17.78, 41.47, and 35.50%) as well as serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and ALT/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ratio. The serum samples of normal diet (ND) group, HFD group and HFD + EP 450 mg/kg (HFD + MEP) group were further analyzed by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. Compared with ND group, 17 and 2 metabolites were significantly upregulated and downregulated in HFD group, respectively. Interestingly, EP treatment significantly downregulated nine metabolites and upregulated one metabolite when compared to those in HFD group. Our results indicated that EP intervention partially ameliorated HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction, and the most prominent metabolic pathways included citrate cycle, synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, pyruvate metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation, and arginine biosynthesis. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide (EP), the main active component of Enteromorpha prolifera, is reported to have many biological activities. However, the antiobesity effect of EP and its corresponding metabolic mechanism have not been reported so far. The results of this study confirmed the antiobesity effect of EP on HFD-induced obese hamsters and elucidated its possible metabolic mechanism. Our study highlighted that EP might be used in weight-loss functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuchuan Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, FuZhou, P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, FuZhou, P. R. China.,Department of Women's Health Care, Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, FuZhou, P. R. China
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Child Health Care, Fuqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, FuQing, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, FuZhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiedong Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, FuZhou, P. R. China
| | - Hongni Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, FuZhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, FuZhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Promising anticancer activity of polysaccharides and other macromolecules derived from oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sp.): An updated review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1628-1637. [PMID: 34022311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer dominates among many causes of mortality worldwide. Traditional chemotherapeutic agents are powerful anti-cancer agents employed for treatment of this deadly disease. However, they are always associated with toxic side effects and immunosuppression making person more vulnerable to tumor relapse and fatalities. A promising alternative could be identification, isolation and transfer of naturally occurring bioactive macromolecules to the tumorigenic population. Oyster mushroom, a major source of nutraceuticals, belonging to class basidiomycetes of kingdom Mycota is known to have immense therapeutic properties. It is a reservoir of macromolecules like β-glucan, α-glucan, resveratrol, concanavalin A, cibacron blue affinity protein, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ergosterol, linoleic acid etc. that are responsible for mediating anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic roles. Various studies have shown that extracts derived from oyster mushroom is rich in polysaccharides like β-glucan and other macro molecules which have an anti-proliferative effect against cancer cell lines, without harming the normal cells. This review presents a brief highlight of the work covering the overall significance of oyster mushroom in different types of cancer treatment. It also explores the immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides, proteoglycans and polypeptides derived from oyster mushroom that boosts the immune system to overcome the limitation of traditional cancer therapies.
Collapse
|
23
|
Functional triterpenoids from medicinal fungi Ganoderma applanatum: A continuous search for antiadipogenic agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104977. [PMID: 34020237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated the antiadipogenic benefits of Ganoderma triterpenoids (GTs), which indicated GTs have potential therapeutic implications for obesity. In this study, the EtOAc extract of Ganoderma applanatum was further phytochemically investigated for searching new antiadipogenic agents, which led to the isolation of a total of 15 highly oxygenated lanostane triterpenoids, including 9 new compounds (1-9) and 6 known analogues (10-15). Structurally, ganodapplanoic acids A and B (1, 2) are two rearranged 6/6/5/6-fused lanostane-type triterpenoids with an unusual C-13/C-15 oxygen bridge moiety. In addition, the EtOAc extract (GAE) and isolates (1-4,6-15) were assayed for their antiadipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results revealed that compound 9 effectively repressed adipogenesis through down-regulating the expression of major proteins (PPARγ, CEBPβ and FAS) involving differentiation and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Thus, the present study further demonstrated the antiadipogenic potential of GTs and provided a possible perspective for obesity treatment.
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang Y, Zhang H. Advances in the extraction, purification, structural-property relationships and bioactive molecular mechanism of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:528-538. [PMID: 33278442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With the further research in recent years, Flammulina velutipes (F. velutipes), an edible mushroom, has great application value in many fields. As one of the main bioactive components in F. velutipes, polysaccharide has a series of functions such as anti-oxidation, immune regulation, anti-inflammation, liver protection, anti-tumor, anti-hyperlipidemia and so on. In this paper, the current progress in the extraction, purification, structural characteristics and bioactivities of F. velutipes polysaccharides (FVPs) were reviewed. Meanwhile, the structural-property relationships of FVPs were further discussed. In addition, based on in vitro and in vivo experiments, the possible mechanisms of bioactivities of FVPs were summarized. In order to understand FVPs more comprehensively, the application status and the future research work of FVPs were also introduced. Finally, we hope that our research can provide a reference for further research and development of FVPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao S, Gao Q, Rong C, Wang S, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Xu J. Immunomodulatory Effects of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Bioactive Immunoregulatory Products. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E269. [PMID: 33171663 PMCID: PMC7712035 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have been valued as food and health supplements by humans for centuries. They are rich in dietary fiber, essential amino acids, minerals, and many bioactive compounds, especially those related to human immune system functions. Mushrooms contain diverse immunoregulatory compounds such as terpenes and terpenoids, lectins, fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) and polysaccharides. The distributions of these compounds differ among mushroom species and their potent immune modulation activities vary depending on their core structures and fraction composition chemical modifications. Here we review the current status of clinical studies on immunomodulatory activities of mushrooms and mushroom products. The potential mechanisms for their activities both in vitro and in vivo were summarized. We describe the approaches that have been used in the development and application of bioactive compounds extracted from mushrooms. These developments have led to the commercialization of a large number of mushroom products. Finally, we discuss the problems in pharmacological applications of mushrooms and mushroom products and highlight a few areas that should be improved before immunomodulatory compounds from mushrooms can be widely used as therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qi Gao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chengbo Rong
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shouxian Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhekun Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Su HG, Wang Q, Zhou L, Peng XR, Xiong WY, Qiu MH. Highly oxygenated lanostane triterpenoids from Ganoderma applanatum as a class of agents for inhibiting lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
27
|
Yang C, Meng Q, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Xiao S, Zhang Y, Ju J, Fu S. Morelsins A–F, six sesquiterpenoids from the liquid culture of Morchella importuna. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
28
|
Mushroom extracts and compounds with suppressive action on breast cancer: evidence from studies using cultured cancer cells, tumor-bearing animals, and clinical trials. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4675-4703. [PMID: 32274562 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10476-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews mushrooms with anti-breast cancer activity. The mushrooms covered which are better known include the following: button mushroom Agaricus bisporus, Brazilian mushroom Agaricus blazei, Amauroderma rugosum, stout camphor fungus Antrodia camphorata, Jew's ear (black) fungus or black wood ear fungus Auricularia auricula-judae, reishi mushroom or Lingzhi Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma sinense, maitake mushroom or sheep's head mushroom Grifola frondosa, lion's mane mushroom or monkey head mushroom Hericium erinaceum, brown beech mushroom Hypsizigus marmoreus, sulfur polypore mushroom Laetiporus sulphureus, Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushroom), Phellinus linteus (Japanese "meshimakobu," Chinese "song gen," Korean "sanghwang," American "black hoof mushroom"), abalone mushroom Pleurotus abalonus, king oyster mushroom Pleurotus eryngii, oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, tuckahoe or Fu Ling Poria cocos, and split gill mushroom Schizophyllum commune. Antineoplastic effectiveness in human clinical trials and mechanism of anticancer action have been reported for Antrodia camphorata, Cordyceps sinensis, Coriolus versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, Grifola frondosa, and Lentinula edodes.
Collapse
|
29
|
Dubey S, Yadav C, Bajpeyee A, Singh MP. Effect of Pleurotus fossulatus Aqueous Extract on Biochemical Properties of Liver and Kidney in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3035-3046. [PMID: 32904440 PMCID: PMC7455752 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s265798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antidiabetic effects of the Pleurotus fossulatus on liver and kidney were unexplored. The present study assessed the vital effects of P. fossulatus aqueous extract (PFA-extract) on liver and kidney function in diabetic rats model. METHODS The albino Wistar rats were divided into five groups with six animals in each. Group, I, II, and III were normal, diabetic, and drug control, respectively, and groups IV and V were test groups. As treatment dose, group II received saline, and group III (drug control) received metformin in 100 mg/kg of body weight as a standard drug. Whereas, group IV (D1) and V (D2) were test groups, received PFA-extract in 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. The changes in body weight, blood glucose level (BGL), lipid profile, liver, and kidney biochemical parameters were evaluated. RESULTS The PFA-extract dose at 500 mg/kg in D2 groups showed very good effects. The body weight was recovered by 97.9% and blood glucose level (BGL) was reduced to 53% in the D2 group. For the lipid profile, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were estimated in blood plasma and their values were 92.31±3.788, 80.85±8.962, and 31.35±1.781, respectively. PFA-extract improved the liver function for which aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were evaluated and recorded to their normal range in D2 group which were 132.01±5.553, 58.63±4.390, and 143.26±2.423, respectively. For the kidney function test, creatinine (CRT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and uric acid were evaluated and in the D2 group, it was significantly reduced ie, 0.656±0.0707, 15.13±1.463, and 6.27±0.325, respectively. CONCLUSION These attributes of PFA-extract make it a potential natural agent to provide protection to the liver and kidney and also reduce the BGL and control the total lipid in type 1 diabetes condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Dubey
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chandrabhan Yadav
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Bajpeyee
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohan P Singh
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: Mohan P Singh Coordinator, Centre of Biotechnology Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies (IIDS), University of Allahabad, Prayagraj211002, India Email
| |
Collapse
|