1
|
Peng X, Yi X, Deng N, Liu J, Tan Z, Cai Y. Zhishi Daozhi decoction alleviates constipation induced by a high-fat and high-protein diet via regulating intestinal mucosal microbiota and oxidative stress. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1214577. [PMID: 37789856 PMCID: PMC10544343 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1214577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that a high-fat and high-protein diet (HFHPD) causes constipation. This study focuses on understanding how the use of Zhishi Daozhi decoction (ZDD) affects the intricate balance of intestinal microorganisms. The insights gained from this investigation hold the potential to offer practical clinical approaches to mitigate the constipation-related issues associated with HFHPD. Materials and methods Mice were randomly divided into five groups: the normal (MN) group, the natural recovery (MR) group, the low-dose ZDD (MLD) group, the medium-dose ZDD (MMD) group, and the high-dose ZDD (MHD) group. After the constipation model was established by HFHPD combined with loperamide hydrochloride (LOP), different doses of ZDD were used for intervention. Subsequently, the contents of cholecystokinin (CCK) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in serum, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver were determined. The DNA of intestinal mucosa was extracted, and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to analyze the changes in intestinal mucosal microbiota. Results After ZDD treatment, CCK content in MR group decreased and CGRP content increased, but the changes were not significant. In addition, the SOD content in MR group was significantly lower than in MLD, MMD, and MHD groups, and the MDA content in MR group was significantly higher than in MN, MLD, and MHD groups. Constipation modeling and the intervention of ZDD changed the structure of the intestinal mucosal microbiota. In the constipation induced by HFHPD, the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Aerococcus, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Desulfovibrio, Clostridium, and Prevotella increased. After the intervention of ZDD, the relative abundance of these pathogenic bacteria decreased, and the relative abundance of Candidatus Arthromitus and the abundance of Tropane, piperidine, and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis pathways increased in MHD group. Conclusion Constipation induced by HFHPD can increase pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal mucosa, while ZDD can effectively relieve constipation, reduce the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria, and alleviate oxidative stress injury. In addition, high-dose ZDD can increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria, which is more conducive to the treatment of constipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Yi
- The Domestic First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Na Deng
- The Domestic First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Liu
- The Domestic First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- The Domestic First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Cai
- The Domestic First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li K, Wu J, Xu S, Li X, Zhang Y, Gao XJ. Rosmarinic acid alleviates intestinal inflammatory damage and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress and smooth muscle contraction abnormalities in intestinal tissues by regulating gut microbiota. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0191423. [PMID: 37594285 PMCID: PMC10654191 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01914-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The host-bacterial interactions play the key role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Dysbiosis of the intestinal flora can lead to pathological changes in the intestine. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural phenolic acid compound with antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, and anti-bacterial activities that has a palliative effect on acute IBD. We have established an in vivo model for mice. Histological staining was performed to directly observe RA alterations in the intestinal tract. The alteration of RA on mouse intestinal flora was observed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, and the effect of RA on intestinal mechanism of action was detected by qPCR and western blot. The results showed that RA had a significant protective effect on the intestine. RA upregulated the abundance of Lactobacillus johnsonii and Candidatus Arthromitus sp SFB-mouse-NL and downregulated the abundance of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Escherichia coli, and Romboutsia ilealis. RA downregulated the expressions of ROCK, RhoA, CaM, MLC, MLCK, ZEB1, ZO-1, ZO-2, occludin, E-cadherin, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, GRP78, PERK, IRE1, ATF6, CHOP, Caspase12, Caspase9, Caspase3, Bax, Cytc, RIPK1, RIPK3, MLKL, and upregulated the expression of IL-10 and Bcl-2. These results displayed that RA inhibited the inflammation, which is caused by tight junction damage, by repairing intestinal flora dysbiosis, relieved endoplasmic reticulum stress, inhibited cell death, and corrected smooth muscle contractile dysregulation. The results of this study revealed RA could have a protective effect on the small intestine of mice by regulating intestinal flora. IMPORTANCE Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing, remitting disorder of the gastrointestinal system. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of rosmarinic acid on the intestinal tract. The results showed that RA was effective in reducing inflammatory damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, smooth muscle contraction abnormalities, and regulating intestinal flora disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shuang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xueying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yanhe Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xue-jiao Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen YK, Liu TT, Teia FKF, Xie MZ. Exploring the underlying mechanisms of obesity and diabetes and the potential of Traditional Chinese Medicine: an overview of the literature. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1218880. [PMID: 37600709 PMCID: PMC10433171 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1218880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are closely related metabolic disorders that have become major public health concerns worldwide. Over the past few decades, numerous studies have explored the underlying mechanisms of these disorders and identified various risk factors, including genetics, lifestyle, and dietary habits. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been increasingly recognized for its potential to manage obesity and diabetes. Weight loss is difficult to sustain, and several diabetic therapies, such as sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, and insulin, might make it harder to lose weight. While lifestyle changes should be the primary approach for people interested in lowering weight, drugs are also worth investigating. Since some of the newer glucose-lowering medications that cause weight loss, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), are additionally utilized or are under consideration for use as anti-obesity drugs, the frontier between glucose-lowering medication and weight loss drugs appears to be shifting. This review provides an overview of the literature on the underlying mechanisms of obesity and diabetes and the prospect of TCM in their management. We discuss the various TCM interventions, including acupuncture, herbal medicine, and dietary therapy, and their effects on metabolic health. We also highlight the potential of TCM in regulating gut microbiota, reducing inflammation, and improving insulin sensitivity. The findings suggest that TCM may provide a promising approach to preventing and managing obesity and diabetes. However, further well-designed studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of TCM interventions and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-kun Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Medicinal and Functional Food, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation and Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ting-ting Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Medicinal and Functional Food, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation and Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Farah Khameis Farag Teia
- Department of Agro-technology, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Centre for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Meng-zhou Xie
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Medicinal and Functional Food, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation and Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yi X, Zhou K, Jiang P, Deng N, Peng X, Tan Z. Brain-bacteria-gut axis and oxidative stress mediated by intestinal mucosal microbiota might be an important mechanism for constipation in mice. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:192. [PMID: 37205176 PMCID: PMC10185723 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03580-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota disorder was associated with constipation. This study investigated the microbiota-gut-brain axis and oxidative stress mediated by intestinal mucosal microbiota in mice with spleen deficiency constipation. The Kunming mice were randomly divided into the control (MC) group and the constipation (MM) group. The spleen deficiency constipation model was established by gavage with Folium sennae decoction and controlled diet and water intake. The body weight, spleen and thymus index, 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) content were significantly lower in the MM group than the MC group, the content of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly higher than the MC group. The Alpha diversity of intestinal mucosal bacteria was not changed but beta diversity was changed in mice with spleen deficiency constipation. Compared to the MC group, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was an upward trend and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota (F/B) value was a downward trend in the MM group. There was a significant difference in the characteristic microbiota between the two groups. In the MM group, Brevinema, Akkermansia, Parasutterella, Faecalibaculum, Aeromonas, Sphingobium, Actinobacillus, and other pathogenic bacteria were enriched. Meanwhile, there was a certain relationship between the microbiota and gastrointestinal neuropeptide and oxidative stress indicators. The community structure of intestinal mucosal bacteria in mice with spleen deficiency constipation was changed, which was characterized by the reduction of F/B value and enrichment of Proteobacteria. Microbiota-gut-brain axis may be important for spleen deficiency constipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi
- The Domestic First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 China
| | - Kang Zhou
- The Domestic First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 China
| | - Ping Jiang
- The Domestic First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007 China
| | - Na Deng
- The Domestic First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 China
| | - Xinxin Peng
- The Domestic First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007 China
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- The Domestic First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou K, Yi X, Tan Z, Peng M, Xiao N. Baohe pill decoction treats diarrhea induced by high-fat and high-protein diet by regulating lactase-producing bacteria in intestinal mucosa. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1157475. [PMID: 37228379 PMCID: PMC10203203 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1157475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the effects of Baohe pill decoction (BPD) on microbial, lactase activity, and lactase-producing bacteria in the intestinal mucosa of mice with diarrhea induced by high-fat and high-protein diet (HFHPD). Methods Thirty male Kunming (KM) mice were randomly divided into normal (NM), model (MD), and BPD groups. Diarrhea models were manufactured using HFHPD combined with a gavage of vegetable oil. At the end of modeling, the BPD group was given BPD (6.63 g·kg-1d-1) intervention twice daily for 3 d. The NM and MD groups were given equal amounts of sterile water. Subsequently, the intestinal mucosa of the mice was collected, one portion was used for microbial and lactase activity measurement, and the other portion was used for its lactase-producing bacterial characteristics by high-throughput sequencing technology. Results Our results showed that microbial and lactase activity of intestinal mucosa decreased significantly following diarrhea in mice (Pmicrobial < 0.05, Plactase < 0.001). After BPD intervention, microbial and lactase activity increased significantly (P < 0.01). The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), richness, and diversity index of lactase-producing bacteria increased in the BPD group compared to the MD group (P > 0.05), and the community structure were significant differences (P < 0.01). Compared to other groups, Saccharopolyspora, Rhizobium, Cedecea, and Escherichia were enriched in the BPD group. Notably, the relative abundance of the dominant lactase-producing genus Bifidobacterium decreased after BPD intervention. Discussion The mechanism of BPD in relieving diarrhea induced by HFHPD is closely related to the promotion of lactase activity in the intestinal mucosa, which may be achieved by regulating the structure of lactase-producing bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Yi
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Maijiao Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Nenqun Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu J, Qiao B, Deng N, Wu Y, Li D, Tan Z. The diarrheal mechanism of mice with a high-fat diet in a fatigued state is associated with intestinal mucosa microbiota. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:77. [PMID: 36761339 PMCID: PMC9902584 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated that fatigue and a high-fat diet trigger diarrhea, and intestinal microbiota disorder interact with diarrhea. However, the association of intestinal mucosal microbiota with fatigue and high-fat diet trigger diarrhea remains unclear. The specific pathogen-free Kunming male mice were randomly divided into the normal group (MCN), standing group (MSD), lard group (MLD), and standing united lard group (MSLD). Mice in the MSD and MSLD groups stood on the multiple-platform apparatus for four h/d for fourteen consecutive days. From the eighth day, mice in the MLD and MSLD groups were intragastric lard, 0.4 mL/each, twice a day for seven days. Subsequently, we analyzed the characteristics and interaction relationship of intestinal mucosal microbiota, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). Results showed that mice in the MSLD group had an increased number of bowel movements. Compared with the MCN group, the contents of IL-17, and IL-6 were higher (p > 0.05), and the content of sIgA was lower in the MSLD group (p > 0.05). MDA and SOD increased in MLD and MSLD groups. Thermoactinomyces and Staphyloccus were the characteristic bacteria of the MSLD group. And Staphyloccus were positively correlated with IL-6, IL-17, and SOD. In conclusion, the interactions between Thermoactinomyces, Staphyloccus and intestinal inflammation, and immunity might be involved in fatigue and high-fat diet-induced diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - Bo Qiao
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - Na Deng
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yi X, Zhou K, Deng N, Cai Y, Peng X, Tan Z. Simo decoction curing spleen deficiency constipation was associated with brain-bacteria-gut axis by intestinal mucosal microbiota. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1090302. [PMID: 36846756 PMCID: PMC9947565 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1090302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Simo decoction (SMD) is a traditional prescription for treating gastrointestinal diseases. More and more evidences prove that SMD can treat constipation by regulating intestinal microbiota and related oxidative stress indicators, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. Methods A network pharmacological analysis was used to predict the medicinal substances and potential targets of SMD to alleviate constipation. Then, 15 male mice were randomly divided into normal group (MN group), natural recovery group (MR group), and SMD treatment group (MT group). Constipation model mice were constructed by gavage of Folium sennae decoction and control of diet and drinking water, and SMD was used for intervention after successful modeling. The levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and fecal microbial activities were measured, and the intestinal mucosal microbiota was sequenced. Result Network pharmacology analysis showed that a total of 24 potential active components were obtained from SMD, and 226 target proteins were obtained after conversion. Meanwhile, we obtained 1,273 and 424 disease-related targets in the GeneCards database and the DisGeNET database, respectively. After combination and deduplication, the disease targets shared 101 targets with the potential active components of SMD. When the mice were intervened with SMD, the 5-HT, VIP, MDA, SOD content, and microbial activity in MT group were close to MN group, and Chao 1 and ACE in MT group were significantly higher than that in MR group. In the Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis, the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, Subdoligranulum, Lactiplantibacillus, and Phascolarctobacterium in MT group increased. At the same time, there were some associations between microbiota and brain-gut peptides and oxidative stress indicators. Conclusion SMD can promote intestinal health and relieve constipation through brain-bacteria-gut axis associating with intestinal mucosal microbiota and alleviate oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi
- The Domestic First-class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Kang Zhou
- The Domestic First-class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Na Deng
- The Domestic First-class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Cai
- The Domestic First-class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xinxin Peng
- The Domestic First-class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China,The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Xinxin Peng, ✉
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- The Domestic First-class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China,Zhoujin Tan, ✉
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li D, Tang W, Wang Y, Gao Q, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Li H, Li S, Zhao H. An overview of traditional Chinese medicine affecting gut microbiota in obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1149751. [PMID: 36936157 PMCID: PMC10016694 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1149751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic metabolic disease with a complex pathophysiology, is caused by several variables. High-fat diets lead to the disruption of the gut microbiota and impaired gut barrier function in obese people. The dysbiosis and its metabolites through the intestinal barrier lead to an imbalance in energy metabolism and inflammatory response, which eventually contributes to the development of chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Current medicines are therapeutic to obesity in the short term; however, they may bring significant physical and emotional problems to patients as major side effects. Therefore, it is urgent to explore new therapeutic methods that have definite efficacy, can be taken for a long time, and have mild adverse effects. Numerous studies have demonstrated that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can control the gut microbiota in a multi-targeted and comprehensive manner, thereby restoring flora homeostasis, repairing damaged intestinal mucosal barriers, and eventually curbing the development of obesity. The active ingredients and compounds of TCM can restore the normal physiological function of the intestinal mucosal barrier by regulating gut microbiota to regulate energy metabolism, inhibit fat accumulation, affect food appetite, and reduce intestinal mucosal inflammatory response, thereby effectively promoting weight loss and providing new strategies for obesity prevention and treatment. Although there are some studies on the regulation of gut microbiota by TCM to prevent and treat obesity, all of them have the disadvantage of being systematic and comprehensive. Therefore, this work comprehensively describes the molecular mechanism of obesity mediated by gut microbiota based on the research state of obesity, gut microbiota, and TCM. A comprehensive and systematic summary of TCM targeting the regulation of gut microbiota for the treatment of obesity should be conducted in order to provide new strategies and ideas for the treatment of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Qi Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yongyi Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yingming Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yike Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Haonan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Shuo Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Zhao,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu J, Li X, Deng N, Peng X, Tan Z. Diarrhea with deficiency kidney-yang syndrome caused by adenine combined with Folium senna was associated with gut mucosal microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1007609. [PMID: 36304943 PMCID: PMC9593090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1007609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to study and analyze the characteristics of gut mucosal microbiota in diarrhea mice with deficiency kidney-yang syndrome. Ten male mice were randomly divided into the control group and the model group. Diarrhea mice model with deficiency kidney-yang syndrome was established by adenine combined with Folium sennae. The kidney structure was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Serum Na+-K+-ATP-ase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP-ase were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The characteristics of gut mucosal microbiota were analyzed by performing third-generation high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the model mice exhibit obvious structural damage to the kidney. Serum Na+-K+-ATP-ase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP-ase levels showed a decreased trend in the model group. The diversity and community structure of the gut mucosal microbiota improved in the model group. Dominant bacteria like Candidatus Arthromitus, Muribaculum, and Lactobacillus reuteri varied significantly at different taxonomic levels. The characteristic bacteria like Bacteroides, Erysipelatoclostridium, Anaerotignum, Akkermansia muciniphila, Clostridium cocleatum, Bacteroides vulgatus, and Bacteroides sartorii were enriched in the model group. A correlation analysis described that Erysipelatoclostridium was positively correlated with Na+-K+-ATP-ase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP-ase levels, while Anaerotignum exhibited an opposite trend. Together, adenine combined with Folium sennae damaged the structure of the kidney, affected energy metabolism, and caused disorders of gut mucosal microbiota in mice. Bacteroides, Erysipelatoclostridium, and Anaerotignum showed significant inhibition or promotion effects on energy metabolism. Besides, Akkermansia muciniphila, Clostridium cocleatum, Bacteroides vulgatus, and Bacteroides sartorii might be the characteristic species of gut mucosal microbiota responsible for causing diarrhea with deficiency kidney-yang syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Na Deng
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xinxin Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li J, Li Y, Duan W, Zhao Z, Yang L, Wei W, Li J, Li Y, Yu Y, Dai B, Guo R. Shugan granule contributes to the improvement of depression-like behaviors in chronic restraint stress-stimulated rats by altering gut microbiota. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1409-1424. [PMID: 35713215 PMCID: PMC9344086 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The investigation aims to evaluate the potential effect of Shugan Granule (SGKL) on the gut, brain, and behaviors in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS). Methods The fecal microbiota and metabolite changes were studied in rats exposed to CRS and treated with SGKL (0.1 mg/kg/day). Depressive behaviors of these rats were determined through an open‐field experiment, forced swimming test, sucrose preference, and weighing. Moreover, LPS‐stimulated microglia and CRS‐stimulated rats were treated with SGKL to investigate the regulation between SGKL and the PI3K/Akt/pathway, which is inhibited by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. Results (i) SGKL improved the altered behaviors in CRS‐stimulated rats; (ii) SGKL ameliorated the CRS‐induced neuronal degeneration and tangled nerve fiber and also contributed to the recovery of intestinal barrier injury in these rats; (iii) SGKL inhibited the hippocampus elevations of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 in response to CRS modeling; (iv) based on the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), SGKL altered α‐diversity indices and shifted β‐diversity in CRS‐stimulated rats; (v) at the genus level, SGKL decreased the CRS‐enhanced abundance of Bacteroides; (vi) Butyricimonas and Candidatus Arthromitus were enriched in SGKL‐treated rats; (vii) altered gut microbiota and metabolites were correlated with behaviors, inflammation, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway; (viii) SGKL increased the LPS‐decreased phosphorylation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in microglia and inhibited the LPS‐induced microglial activation; (ix) PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inactivation reversed the SGKL effects in CRS rats. Conclusion SGKL targets the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by altering gut microbiota and metabolites, which ameliorates altered behavior and inflammation in the hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yannan Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhe Duan
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lixuan Yang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingchun Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Yu
- Beijing Changping Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baoan Dai
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rongjuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kelleher SL, Alam S, Rivera OC, Barber-Zucker S, Zarivach R, Wagatsuma T, Kambe T, Soybel DI, Wright J, Lamendella R. Loss-of-function SLC30A2 mutants are associated with gut dysbiosis and alterations in intestinal gene expression in preterm infants. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2014739. [PMID: 34965180 PMCID: PMC8726655 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.2014739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of Paneth cell (PC) function is implicated in intestinal dysbiosis, mucosal inflammation, and numerous intestinal disorders, including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Studies in mouse models show that zinc transporter ZnT2 (SLC30A2) is critical for PC function, playing a role in granule formation, secretion, and antimicrobial activity; however, no studies have investigated whether loss of ZnT2 function is associated with dysbiosis, mucosal inflammation, or intestinal dysfunction in humans. SLC30A2 was sequenced in healthy preterm infants (26-37 wks; n = 75), and structural analysis and functional assays determined the impact of mutations. In human stool samples, 16S rRNA sequencing and RNAseq of bacterial and human transcripts were performed. Three ZnT2 variants were common (>5%) in this population: H346Q, f = 19%; L293R, f = 7%; and a previously identified compound substitution in Exon7, f = 16%). H346Q had no effect on ZnT2 function or beta-diversity. Exon7 impaired zinc transport and was associated with a fractured gut microbiome. Analysis of microbial pathways suggested diverse effects on nutrient metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and drug resistance, which were associated with increased expression of host genes involved in tissue remodeling. L293R caused profound ZnT2 dysfunction and was associated with overt gut dysbiosis. Microbial pathway analysis suggested effects on nucleotide, amino acid and vitamin metabolism, which were associated with the increased expression of host genes involved in inflammation and immune response. In addition, L293R was associated with reduced weight gain in the early postnatal period. This implicates ZnT2 as a novel modulator of mucosal homeostasis in humans and suggests that genetic variants in ZnT2 may affect the risk of mucosal inflammation and intestinal disease.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bacteria/classification
- Bacteria/genetics
- Bacteria/isolation & purification
- Cation Transport Proteins/deficiency
- Cation Transport Proteins/genetics
- Dysbiosis/genetics
- Dysbiosis/metabolism
- Dysbiosis/microbiology
- Exons
- Female
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/genetics
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/metabolism
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology
- Infant, Premature/metabolism
- Intestines/metabolism
- Intestines/microbiology
- Loss of Function Mutation
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Mutation
- Mutation, Missense
- Polysaccharides/metabolism
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Kelleher
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samina Alam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Olivia C Rivera
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shiran Barber-Zucker
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Raz Zarivach
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Takumi Wagatsuma
- The Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taiho Kambe
- The Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - David I Soybel
- Department of Surgery, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Justin Wright
- Department of Biology, Juniata College, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Regina Lamendella
- Department of Biology, Juniata College, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hu R. Grifola frondosa may play an anti-obesity role by affecting intestinal microbiota to increase the production of short-chain fatty acids. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1105073. [PMID: 36733799 PMCID: PMC9886863 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1105073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grifola frondosa (G. frondosa) is a fungus with good economic exploitation prospects of food and medicine homologation. This study aims to investigate the effects of G. frondosa powder suspension (GFPS) on the intestinal contents microbiota and the indexes related to oxidative stress and energy metabolism in mice, to provide new ideas for developing G. frondosa weight loss products. METHODS Twenty Kunming mice were randomly divided into control (CC), low-dose GFPS (CL), medium-dose GFPS (CM), and high-dose GFPS (CH) groups. The mice in CL, CM, and CH groups were intragastrically administered with 1.425 g/(kg·d), 2.85 g/(kg·d), and 5.735 g/(kg·d) GFPS, respectively. The mice in CC group were given the same dose of sterile water. After 8 weeks, liver and muscle related oxidative stress and energy metabolism indicators were detected, and the intestinal content microbiota of the mice was detected by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS After eight weeks of GFPS intervention, all mice lost weight. Compared with the CC group, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in CL, CM, and CH groups were increased, while Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) contents in the liver were decreased. The change trends of LDH and SDH in muscle were consistent with those in the liver. Among the above indexes, the change in CH is the most significant. The Chao1, ACE, Shannon, and Simpson index in CL, CM, and CH groups were increased. In the taxonomic composition, after the intervention with GFPS, the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria such as unclassified Muribaculaceae, Alloprevotella, and unclassified Lachnospiraceae increased. In linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis, the characteristic bacteria in CC, CL, CM, and CH groups showed significant differences. In addition, some characteristic bacteria significantly correlated with related energy metabolism indicators. CONCLUSION The preventive effect of G. frondosa on obesity is related to changing the structure of intestinal content microbiota and promoting the growth of SCFAs. While excessive intake of G. frondosa may not be conducive to the antioxidant capacity and energy metabolism.
Collapse
|
13
|
Li XY, Tan ZJ. Advances in research technology of regulation of intestinal microecology by traditional Chinese medicine. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:479-487. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i9.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine is a diversified microecosystem whose structure and function are research hotspots in the fields of life sciences and medicine. The research on the regulation of intestinal microecology by traditional Chinese medicine is of great significance to the elucidation of the basic theories and the mechanism of therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine. The micro-ecological research technology is very important for the research in this field. We, by reviewing the relevant literature, summarize the related technologies for the intestinal micro-ecological research of traditional Chinese medicine, such as microbial culture counting method, molecular biology techniques (denaturing/temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE/TGGE), gene chip, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PT-PCR), terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), high-throughput sequencing (HTS), metabolic level analysis techniques, and proteomics), intestinal enzyme activity detection, microbial activity detection technology, and in vitro simulated gastrointestinal environment experiments, with an aim to provide reference for the intestinal micro-ecological research of traditional Chinese medicine and the application of related technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ya Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhou-Jin Tan
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang CY, Peng XX, Shao HQ, Li XY, Wu Y, Tan ZJ. Gut Microbiota Comparison Between Intestinal Contents and Mucosa in Mice With Repeated Stress-Related Diarrhea Provides Novel Insight. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:626691. [PMID: 33708183 PMCID: PMC7940357 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.626691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated stress-related diarrhea is a kind of functional bowel disorders (FBDs) that are mainly stemming from dysregulation of the microbiota–gut–brain axis mediated by a complex interplay of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT). Intestinal content and intestinal mucosa microbiota belong to two different community systems, and the role of the two microbiota community systems in repeated stress-related diarrhea remains largely unknown. In order to ascertain the difference in composition and the potential function between intestinal content and intestinal mucosa microbiota response on repeated stress-related diarrhea, we collected intestinal contents and mucosa of mice with repeated stress-related diarrhea for 16S rRNA PacBio SMRT gene full-length sequencing, and with the digital modeling method of bacterial species abundance, the correlations among the two microbiota community systems and serum 5-HT concentration were analyzed. We found that the microbiotal composition differences both in intestinal contents and mucosa were consistent throughout all the phylogenetic ranks, with an increasing level of resolution. Compared with intestinal content microbiota, the diversity and composition of microbiota colonized in intestinal mucosa are more sensitive to repeated stress-related diarrhea. The PICRUSt2 of metagenomic function analysis found that repeated stress-related diarrhea is more likely to perturb the intestinal mucosa microbiota metagenomic functions involved in the neural response. We further found that the mucosal microbiota-based relative abundance model was more predictive on serum 5-HT concentration with the methods of machine-learning model established and multivariate dimensionality reduction (R2 = 0.876). These findings suggest that the intestinal mucosa microbiota might serve as a novel potential prediction model for the serum 5-HT concentration involvement in the repeated stress-related diarrhea, in addition to focusing on its mechanism in the gastrointestinal dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yang Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Xin Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hao-Qing Shao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhou-Jin Tan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|