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Spergser J, Neuhuber T, Haupt H, Kaltenegger G, Wittek T. Agreement between Clinical Assessment and Laboratory Diagnosis of Ringworm in Calves at Auction Markets. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:390. [PMID: 38338033 PMCID: PMC10854766 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To limit the spread of bovine ringworm, control measures such as movement restrictions are highly recommended. In this context, calves at auction markets in Styria, Austria, displaying skin lesions characteristic for bovine ringworm, are excluded from the auctions. To investigate whether these clinical assessments correspond to laboratory diagnosis, a total of 166 samples taken from skin lesions assigned to the three clinical categories 'ringworm very likely (v), likely (l) or unlikely (u)' were mycologically examined using microscopy, culture, and nested PCR followed by amplicon sequencing. Further, the relationships of isolated dermatophytes were determined through multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Overall, a high agreement between clinical assessment and laboratory results were observed with microscopy and nested PCR, providing more consistent results and molecular detection possessing an analytical sensitivity superior to that of cultural isolation (culture 21.7% vs. nested PCR 48.2%). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that most of the isolated dermatophytes belong to a unique Trichophyton verrucosum MLST genotype. In conclusion, clinical assessments were largely confirmed through laboratory diagnosis with nested PCR and sequencing, providing rapid, sensitive, and species-specific detection of dermatophytes in calves at auction markets displaying skin lesions typical for ringworm; this seems to be predominantly caused by a single Trichophyton verrucosum strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thiemo Neuhuber
- University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria (T.W.)
| | - Herfried Haupt
- Bezirkshauptmannschaft Hartberg-Fürstenfeld, Veterinärreferat, Rochusplatz 2, 8230 Hartberg, Austria
| | - Gerd Kaltenegger
- Bezirkshauptmannschaft Leoben, Veterinärreferat, Peter-Tunner-Straße 6, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Thomas Wittek
- University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria (T.W.)
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Borman AM, Johnson EM. Changes in fungal taxonomy: mycological rationale and clinical implications. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0009922. [PMID: 37930182 PMCID: PMC10732072 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00099-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous fungal species of medical importance have been recently subjected to and will likely continue to undergo nomenclatural changes as a result of the application of molecular approaches to fungal classification together with abandonment of dual nomenclature. Here, we summarize those changes affecting key groups of fungi of medical importance, explaining the mycological (taxonomic) rationale that underpinned the changes and the clinical relevance/importance (where such exists) of the key nomenclatural revisions. Potential mechanisms to mitigate unnecessary taxonomic instability are suggested, together with approaches to raise awareness of important changes to minimize potential clinical confusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Borman
- UK HSA National Mycology Reference Laboratory, Science Quarter, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology (MRC CMM), University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth M. Johnson
- UK HSA National Mycology Reference Laboratory, Science Quarter, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology (MRC CMM), University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Tanabe H, Abe N, Anzawa K. A Case of Tinea Corporis Caused by Trichophyton benhamiae var. luteum from a Degu and Evolution of the Pathogen's Taxonomy. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1122. [PMID: 37998927 PMCID: PMC10672611 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichophyton benhamiae, an anthropophilic dermatophyte, can cause dermatophytosis in humans and animals with rising zoonotic infections through pets, primarily in Europe. Dermatophytosis from T. benhamiae is often misdiagnosed due to its inflammatory symptoms. We report a case of tinea corporis from T. benhamiae var. luteum in a Japanese woman, contracted from pet Czech degus. CASE The 40-year-old patient developed neck papules resembling acne. Initial treatment with topical antibiotics and steroids exacerbated the rash. Fungal elements were not detected by direct potassium hydroxide examination. Skin biopsy confirmed fungal elements in the stratum corneum and hair follicles, and tinea corporis was diagnosed. Oral terbinafine 125 mg was initiated without topical agents. Erythematous papules appeared on her limbs, determined as a trichophytid reaction. After two months, her skin improved significantly. Fungal culture identified T. benhamiae var. luteum colonies with a yellowish hue. Mating tests classified the strain as Americano-European race (-) with MAT1-1 genotype. This was diagnosed as tinea corporis from T. benhamiae var. luteum, likely transmitted from pet Czech degus. CONCLUSIONS The incidence rate of pet-transmitted cutaneous fungal infections may increase in Japan with the trend to keep exotic pets. Dermatologists must recognize dermatophytosis clinical features from anthropophilic dermatophytes to prevent misdiagnosis and understand evolving nomenclature and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Tenri Hospital, Tenri 632-8552, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Abe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tenri Hospital, Tenri 632-8552, Japan;
| | - Kazushi Anzawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan;
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Winter P, Burmester A, Tittelbach J, Wiegand C. A New Genotype of Trichophyton quinckeanum with Point Mutations in Erg11A Encoding Sterol 14-α Demethylase Exhibits Increased Itraconazole Resistance. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1006. [PMID: 37888261 PMCID: PMC10607888 DOI: 10.3390/jof9101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichophyton quinckeanum, the causative agent of mouse favus, has been responsible for several infections of animal owners in recent years and showed an infection peak around 2020 in Jena, Thuringia. The isolated T. quinckeanum strains from Thuringia differ in some positions of the ITS region compared to strains from the IHEM collection as well as to Trichophyton schoenleinii. All T. quinckeanum strains of the new genotype show up to a 100-fold increased itraconazole resistance as measured by microplate laser nephelometry (MLN) assays. Analysis of genes involved in Trichophyton indotineae azole resistance, such as Erg1, which encodes squalene epoxidase, and Erg11B, one of two copies of the sterol 14-α demethylase gene, show a 100% identity between the two T. quinckeanum genotypes. In contrast, Erg11A fragments differ in 15-nucleotide positions between both T. quinckeanum genotypes, resulting in the unique amino acid substitution Ala256Ser in resistant strains. The new T. quinckeanum genotype may have evolved through interspecies mating. Mating type analysis showed a nearly 100% identity of the minus type MAT1-1-1 fragment for all T. quinckeanum isolates. The closely related Trichophyton schoenleinii belongs to the plus mating type and has 100% identical fragments of Erg1 and Erg11B. Erg11A protein sequences of T. schoenleinii and T. quinckeanum showed increased diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Winter
- Department of Dermatology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Anke Burmester
- Department of Dermatology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Tittelbach
- Department of Dermatology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wiegand
- Department of Dermatology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, D-07747 Jena, Germany
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Abstract
The current article summarizes recent changes in nomenclature for fungi of medical importance published in the years 2020 to 2021, including new species and revised names for existing ones. Many of the revised names have been widely adopted without further discussion. However, those that concern common pathogens of humans may take longer to achieve general usage, with new and current names reported together to engender increasing familiarity with the correct taxonomic classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Borman
- UK National Mycology Reference Laboratory, United Kingdom Health Security Agency South-West, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology (MRC CMM), University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth M. Johnson
- UK National Mycology Reference Laboratory, United Kingdom Health Security Agency South-West, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology (MRC CMM), University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Moulíková Š, Kolařík M, Lorch J, Kolarczyková D, Hubka V, Čmoková A. Wild rodents harbour high diversity of Arthroderma. PERSOONIA 2023; 50:27-47. [PMID: 38567260 PMCID: PMC10983839 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2023.50.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Arthroderma is the most diverse genus of dermatophytes, and its natural reservoir is considered to be soil enriched by keratin sources. During a study on the diversity of dermatophytes in wild small rodents in the Czech Republic, we isolated several strains of Arthroderma. To explore the diversity and ecological significance of these isolates from rodents (n = 29), we characterised the strains genetically (i.e., sequenced ITS, tubb and tef1α), morphologically, physiologically, and by conducting mating experiments. We then compared the rodent-derived strains to existing ITS sequence data from GenBank and the GlobalFungi Database to further investigate biogeography and the association of Arthroderma species with different types of environments. In total, eight Arthroderma species were isolated from rodents, including four previously described species (A. crocatum, A. cuniculi, A. curreyi, A. quadrifidum) and four new species proposed herein, i.e., A. rodenticum, A. simile, A. zoogenum and A. psychrophilum. The geographical distribution of these newly described species was not restricted to the Czech Republic nor rodents. Additional isolates were obtained from bats and other mammals, reptiles, and soil from Europe, North America, and Asia. Data mining showed that the genus has a diverse ecology, with some lineages occurring relatively frequently in soil, whereas others appeared to be more closely associated with live animals, as we observed in A. rodenticum. Low numbers of sequence reads ascribed to Arthroderma in soil show that the genus is rare in this environment, which supports the hypothesis that Arthroderma spp. are not soil generalists but rather strongly associated with animals and keratin debris. This is the first study to utilise existing metabarcoding data to assess biogeographical, ecological, and diversity patterns in dermatophytes. Citation: Moulíková Š, Kolařík M, Lorch JM, et al. 2022. Wild rodents harbour high diversity of Arthroderma. Persoonia 50: 27- 47. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2023.50.02.
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Affiliation(s)
- Š. Moulíková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Kolařík
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J.M. Lorch
- U.S. Geological Survey — National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - D. Kolarczyková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V. Hubka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A. Čmoková
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Smagulova АМ, Kukhar YV, Glotova ТI, Glotov AG, Kim AS. First record of Trichophyton benhamiae isolated from domestic cats in Russia. Med Mycol Case Rep 2023; 40:16-21. [PMID: 36910893 PMCID: PMC9995281 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a first case of Trichophyton benhamiae isolation from domestic cats in Russia. Genetically affiliated to European strains T. benhamiae were deposited in NCBI. T. benhamiae strains formed zonal cream-colored colonies, with reversum pigmentation ranging from intensive yellow to orange-brown in one and orange-brown to chocolate in the second strain. Mycelium is colorless, hyphae are septated, rapidly aging with the formation of arthrospores and microconidia. The formation of macroconidia was recorded after 48 hours. A favorable outcome of treatment was recorded after two weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- А М Smagulova
- Research Platform Agricultural Biotechnology NJSC "Kazakh Agrotechnical University Named after S. Seifullin", Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Ye V Kukhar
- Research Platform Agricultural Biotechnology NJSC "Kazakh Agrotechnical University Named after S. Seifullin", Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Т I Glotova
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, The Diagnostic Institute of Experimental Veterinary Science of Siberia and Far East Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SFSCA RAS), Russia
| | - A G Glotov
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, The Diagnostic Institute of Experimental Veterinary Science of Siberia and Far East Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SFSCA RAS), Russia
| | - A S Kim
- Private Practicing Veterinarian, Novosibirsk, Russia
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8
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Švarcová M, Větrovský T, Kolařík M, Hubka V. Defining the relationship between phylogeny, clinical manifestation, and phenotype for Trichophyton mentagrophytes/interdigitale complex; a literature review and taxonomic recommendations. Med Mycol 2023; 61:myad042. [PMID: 37070928 PMCID: PMC10148955 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study looked for correlations between molecular identification, clinical manifestation, and morphology for Trichophyton interdigitale and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. For this purpose, a total of 110 isolates were obtained from Czech patients with various clinical manifestations of dermatophytosis. Phenotypic characters were analyzed, and the strains were characterized using multilocus sequence typing. Among the 12 measured/scored phenotypic features, statistically significant differences were found only in growth rates at 37 °C and in the production of spiral hyphae, but none of these features is diagnostic. Correlations were found between T. interdigitale and higher age of patients and between clinical manifestations such as tinea pedis or onychomychosis. The MLST approach showed that internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genotyping of T. mentagrophytes isolates has limited practical benefits because of extensive gene flow between sublineages. Based on our results and previous studies, there are few taxonomic arguments for preserving both species names. The species show a lack of monophyly and unique morphology. On the other hand, some genotypes are associated with predominant clinical manifestations and sources of infections, which keep those names alive. This practice is questionable because the use of both names confuses identification, leading to difficulty in comparing epidemiological studies. The current identification method using ITS genotyping is ambiguous for some isolates and is not user-friendly. Additionally, identification tools such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry fail to distinguish these species. To avoid further confusion and to simplify identification in practice, we recommend using the name T. mentagrophytes for the entire complex. When clear differentiation of populations corresponding to T. interdigitale and Trichophyton indotineae is possible based on molecular data, we recommend optionally using a variety rank: T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale and T. mentagrophytes var. indotineae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Švarcová
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Větrovský
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kolařík
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vit Hubka
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Wongkanoun S, Chainuwong B, Kobmoo N, Roytrakul S, Somrithipol S, Luangsa-ard J, Charria-Girón E, Srikitikulchai P, Stadler M. Studies on the Genus Pyrenopolyporus (Hypoxylaceae) in Thailand Using a Polyphasic Taxonomic Approach. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:429. [PMID: 37108884 PMCID: PMC10145029 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, hypoxylaceous specimens were collected from several sites in Thailand. In this study, we examined their affinity to the genus Pyrenopolyporus using macroscopic and microscopic morphological characters, dereplication of their stromatal secondary metabolites using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and ion mobility tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-IM-MS/MS), and molecular phylogenetic analyses. We describe and illustrate five novel species and a new record for the country, present multi-locus phylogenetic analyses that show the distinction between the proposed species, and provide proteomic profiles of the fungi using matrix associated laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) for the first time. Based on our findings, this strategy is useful as a complementary tool to distinguish species between Daldinia and Pyrenopolyporus in a consistent way with the phylogenetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarunyou Wongkanoun
- National Biobank of Thailand (NBT), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.W.)
| | - Boonchuai Chainuwong
- National Biobank of Thailand (NBT), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.W.)
| | - Noppol Kobmoo
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), Integrative Crop Biotechnology and Management Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (N.K.)
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology (IFPT), Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sayanh Somrithipol
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), Integrative Crop Biotechnology and Management Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (N.K.)
| | - Jennifer Luangsa-ard
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), Integrative Crop Biotechnology and Management Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (N.K.)
| | - Esteban Charria-Girón
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Prasert Srikitikulchai
- National Biobank of Thailand (NBT), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.W.)
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Kumar M, Thomas P, V A, Nair SS, Bagra JK, Chaturvedi VK, Kumar B, Kumar A, Rudramurthy SM, Abhishek. Molecular epidemiology of Trichophyton infections among canines from Northern India. J Mycol Med 2023; 33:101352. [PMID: 36459816 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2022.101352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dermatophytes are keratinophilic fungi that cause skin infections in both humans and animals. Recently, the incidence rates of fungal infections associated with Trichophyton spp. have been considered endemic in many locations. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize Trichophyton spp. from canines and felines. In the present study, screened 442 canine (n = 386) and feline (n = 56) samples for dermatophytes. Among all the samples, ten isolates were identified as Trichophyton spp. based on micro-morphological features. For comparative analysis, we included three human strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex. In vitro susceptibility of antifungal drugs indicated the highest sensitivity except for fluconazole. The canine and human strains were genetically characterized by sequencing three genes: the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA, translation elongation factor 1- gene, and beta-tubulin. Based on sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis, the ten canine strains belonged to four different species/ genotypes such as T. mentagrophytes genotype VIII (T. indotineae) (n = 5), T. interdigitale (n = 2), T. simii (n = 2) and T. quinckeanum (n = 1). The three human strains used for comparative analysis were identified as T. mentagrophytes genotype VIII (n = 2) and T. benhamiae (n = 1). The study hence indicates that the T. mentagrophytes genotype VIII, considered as an endemic and emerging human pathogenic clone in India, is also the prevalent in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Prasad Thomas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Athira V
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Sonu S Nair
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Bagra
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - V K Chaturvedi
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Bablu Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | | | - Abhishek
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India.
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11
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Abo-Elyazeed H, Soliman R, Hassan H, El-Seedy FR, Aboul-Ella H. Development, preparation, and evaluation of a novel non-adjuvanted polyvalent dermatophytes vaccine. Sci Rep 2023; 13:157. [PMID: 36599863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26567-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ringworm is a worldwide distributed contagious disease infecting both man and animals that constitute an economic, zoonotic, and health problem concern all over the world. During the last decade, attention has been directed to vaccination as an ideal approach to the control of such diseases. In the present study, non-adjuvanted polyvalent vaccines were prepared from locally isolated hot and virulent dermatophyte species, namely Trichophyton verrucosum (T. verrucosum), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (T. mentagrophytes), and Microsporum canis (M. canis) were immunologically evaluated. The prepared vaccine evaluation was focused on the aspects of immunogenicity and protective efficacy using guinea pigs. Both in its living or inactivated forms, the vaccine-induced significant humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and achieve proper protection of guinea pigs against challenging infections with homologous and heterologous dermatophyte strains. On the other hand, investigations on dermatophyte exo-keratinases showed that it was better produced and more expressed in a mineral-based medium containing pure keratin (3 g/L) than in the same medium with human hair supplementation (2.6 g/L). The maximum dermatophyte productivity of exo-keratinases was found to be between 18 and 21 days post-incubation. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), two fractions with molecular weights of 40 kDa (fraction I) and 28 kDa (fraction II) have been identified in the culture filtrate of the three involved dermatophyte species. Both fractions demonstrated keratinolytic activity. The specific activity of the isolated keratinases (number of Keratinase units (KU)/mg protein) was stronger in fraction I, where it reached 18.75, 15.38, and 14 KU/mg protein as compared to 12.9, 8.74, and 12 KU/mg protein in fraction II of T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes, and M. canis, respectively. The dermatophyte exo-keratinases proved to be immunogenic as they stimulated high keratinase-specific antibody titers and induced strong delayed skin hypersensitivity reactions in vaccinated animals. Anti-keratinase-specific IgG was detected in sera of guinea pigs immunized with the inactivated or living polyvalent dermatophyte vaccines by a homemade enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using dermatophyte exo-keratinases as coating antigen. The intradermal injection of dermatophyte exo-keratinases induced specific delayed skin reactions in guinea pigs immunized with the inactivated or the living polyvalent dermatophyte vaccines. The intradermal injection of dermatophyte exo-keratinases in the control non-sensitized guinea pigs was associated with itching, swelling, and bloody scar formation, however, no skin indurations were formed. The development of those post-exo-keratinases injection reactions in the control non-sensitized apparently healthy guinea pigs group, suggests an exo-keratinases possible role in the pathogenesis of dermatophytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidy Abo-Elyazeed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - R Soliman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - H Hassan
- Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - F R El-Seedy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hassan Aboul-Ella
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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12
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Rambozzi L, Meneguz PG, Molinar Min AR, Pasquetti M, Peano A. Concurrent Chorioptic Mange and Dermatophytosis in Dairy Goats: A Case Report. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120677. [PMID: 36548838 PMCID: PMC9782473 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A concurrent chorioptic mange and dermatophytosis outbreak occurred in a goat flock in northwestern Italy. Sanitation of the flock was obtained following pour-on eprinomectin application at a dose of 1 mg/kg; enilconazole was used for environmental disinfection against dermatophyte spores.
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13
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Mapook A, Hyde KD, Hassan K, Kemkuignou BM, Čmoková A, Surup F, Kuhnert E, Paomephan P, Cheng T, de Hoog S, Song Y, Jayawardena RS, Al-Hatmi AMS, Mahmoudi T, Ponts N, Studt-Reinhold L, Richard-Forget F, Chethana KWT, Harishchandra DL, Mortimer PE, Li H, Lumyong S, Aiduang W, Kumla J, Suwannarach N, Bhunjun CS, Yu FM, Zhao Q, Schaefer D, Stadler M. Ten decadal advances in fungal biology leading towards human well-being. FUNGAL DIVERS 2022; 116:547-614. [PMID: 36123995 PMCID: PMC9476466 DOI: 10.1007/s13225-022-00510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are an understudied resource possessing huge potential for developing products that can greatly improve human well-being. In the current paper, we highlight some important discoveries and developments in applied mycology and interdisciplinary Life Science research. These examples concern recently introduced drugs for the treatment of infections and neurological diseases; application of -OMICS techniques and genetic tools in medical mycology and the regulation of mycotoxin production; as well as some highlights of mushroom cultivaton in Asia. Examples for new diagnostic tools in medical mycology and the exploitation of new candidates for therapeutic drugs, are also given. In addition, two entries illustrating the latest developments in the use of fungi for biodegradation and fungal biomaterial production are provided. Some other areas where there have been and/or will be significant developments are also included. It is our hope that this paper will help realise the importance of fungi as a potential industrial resource and see the next two decades bring forward many new fungal and fungus-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausana Mapook
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Innovative Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510225 China
| | - Khadija Hassan
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Blondelle Matio Kemkuignou
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Adéla Čmoková
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frank Surup
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Eric Kuhnert
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Pathompong Paomephan
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Tian Cheng
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center / Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Yinggai Song
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruvishika S. Jayawardena
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center / Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Tokameh Mahmoudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Ponts
- INRAE, UR1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Lena Studt-Reinhold
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | | | - K. W. Thilini Chethana
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Dulanjalee L. Harishchandra
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097 China
| | - Peter E. Mortimer
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Huili Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Saisamorm Lumyong
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, 10300 Thailand
| | - Worawoot Aiduang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Chitrabhanu S. Bhunjun
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Feng-Ming Yu
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Doug Schaefer
- Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Brunswick, Germany
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14
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Zhang ZY, Ren YL, Li X, Chen WH, Liang JD, Han YF, Liang ZQ. New taxonomic framework for Arthrodermataceae: a comprehensive analysis based on their phylogenetic reconstruction, divergence time estimation, phylogenetic split network, and phylogeography. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2022; 115:1319-1333. [PMID: 36018401 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-022-01774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Arthrodermataceae, or dermatophytes, are a major family in the Onygenales and important from a public health safety perspective. Here, based on sequenced and downloaded from GenBank sequences, the evolutionary relationships of Arthrodermataceae were comprehensively studied via phylogenetic reconstruction, divergence time estimation, phylogenetic split network, and phylogeography analysis. These results showed the clades Ctenomyces, Epidermophyton, Guarromyces, Lophophyton, Microsporum, Paraphyton, and Trichophyton were all monophyletic groups, whereas Arthroderma and Nannizzia were polyphyletic. Among them, Arthroderma includes at least four different clades, Arthroderma I, III and IV are new clades in Arthrodermataceae. Nannizzia contains at least two different clades, Nannizzia I and Nannizzia II, but Nannizzia II was a new clade in Arthrodermataceae. The unclassified group, distributed in Japan and India, was incorrectly identified; it should be a new clade in Arthrodermataceae. The phylogenetic split network based on the ITS sequences provided strong support for the true relationships among the lineages in the reconstructed phylogenetic tree. A haplotype phylogenetic network based on the ITS sequences was used to visualize species evolution and geographic lineages relationships in all genera except Trichophyton. The new framework provided here for the phylogeny and taxonomy of Arthrodermataceae will facilitate the rapid identification of species in the family, which should useful for evaluating the results of preventive measures and interventions, as well as for conducting epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Fungus Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu-Lian Ren
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Fungus Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Fungus Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wan-Hao Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jian-Dong Liang
- Department of Microbiology, Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan-Feng Han
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Fungus Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Zong-Qi Liang
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Fungus Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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15
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Tang C, Ahmed SA, Deng S, Zhang L, Zoll J, Al-Hatmi AMS, Meis JF, Thakur R, Kang Y, de Hoog GS. Detection of emerging genotypes in Trichophyton mentagrophytes species complex: A proposal for handling biodiversity in dermatophytes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:960190. [PMID: 36081804 PMCID: PMC9445586 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.960190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A resistant and hypervirulent dermatophyte from India has been described as a taxonomic novelty, Trichophyton indotineae, a species of the Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex. Rapid detection and correct identification of closely similar dermatophytes with different predilections are essential for efficient clinical management. We evaluated the efficacy of rapid diagnostic methods clinical and environmental strains in the T. mentagrophytes complex. The methods included Real-time-PCR, DermaGenius, LAMP, and MALDI-ToF MS, using rDNA ITS sequences as taxonomic standard. The results show that only MALDI-ToF MS can distinguish 96.97% T. indotineae from other closely related species. The complex comprises numerous clones which may differ in anonymous markers but with similar evolutionary behavior. Therefore, we recommend to distinguish species only when they show an appreciable degree of adaptation and thus are clinically significant. The distinction of remaining clonal diversity is an epidemiological query and can be solved by haplotype numbering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- The key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education of Guizhou and Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sarah A. Ahmed
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Shuwen Deng
- Department of Medical Microbiology, The People’s Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, The People’s Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jan Zoll
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Jacques F. Meis
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Rameshwari Thakur
- Department of Microbiology, Muzaffarnagar Medical College, Muzaffarnagar, India
| | - Yingqian Kang
- The key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education of Guizhou and Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yingqian Kang,
| | - G. Sybren de Hoog
- The key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education of Guizhou and Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- G. Sybren de Hoog,
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16
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Gnat S, Łagowski D, Dyląg M, Nowakiewicz A. European Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus L.) as a Reservoir of Dermatophytes in Poland. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:363-375. [PMID: 34536095 PMCID: PMC9436838 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01866-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus Linnaeus) frequently colonises areas located close to human life in cities, as these are more suitable nest sites offering an abundance of food and allowing avoidance of predators. However, urbanisation has a significant impact on the epidemiology of infectious diseases, including dermatophytoses, the primary source of which are wild animals. In this study, we determined the spectrum of dermatophytes isolated from the European hedgehog and assessed their susceptibility profile to antifungal drugs. Symptomatic and asymptomatic dermatophyte infections were observed in 7.7% and 8% of the 182 examined free-living hedgehogs, respectively. In the pool of the isolated dermatophyte strains, Trichophyton erinacei was dominant (29.9%), followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (17.9%), Trichophyton benhamiae (13.4%), Nannizzia gypsea (11.9%), Microsporum canis (10.4%), Nannizzia nana (7.5%), Paraphyton cookei (6.0%), and Nannizzia fulva (3.0%). Susceptibility tests revealed the highest activity of luliconazole and the lowest of activity fluconazole among the azole drugs applied. Although terbinafine generally exhibited high efficacy, two Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates showed resistance to this drug (MIC = 2 µg/ml) resulting from missense mutations in the SQLE gene corresponding to the amino acid substitution Leu393Phe. Summarising, our study has also revealed that such wildlife animals as hedgehogs can be a reservoir of pathogenic human dermatophytes, including harmful strains resistant to commonly used antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gnat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dominik Łagowski
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Dyląg
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Nowakiewicz
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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Peano A, Hubka V, Cavana P, Ottino C, Blandolino M, Molinar Min AR, Pasquetti M. Cases of dermatophytosis caused by
Trichophyton benhamiae
var.
luteum
and
T. europaeum
, newly described dermatophytes within the
T. benhamiae
complex. Vet Dermatol 2022; 33:440-445. [PMID: 35635276 PMCID: PMC9545641 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Peano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Turin Grugliasco, Torino Italy
| | - Vit Hubka
- Department of Botany Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Paola Cavana
- Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Turin Grugliasco, Torino Italy
| | - Chiara Ottino
- Non‐Conventional Animal Unit Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Turin Grugliasco, Torino Italy
| | | | | | - Mario Pasquetti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Turin Grugliasco, Torino Italy
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Abstract
AbstractThe order Onygenales is classified in the class Eurotiomycetes of the subphylum Pezizomycotina. Families in this order have classically been isolated from soil and dung, and two lineages contain causative agents of superficial, cutaneous and systemic infections in mammals. The ecology and habitat choices of the species are driven mainly by the keratin and cellulose degradation abilities. The present study aimed to investigate whether the ecological trends of the members of Onygenales can be interpreted in an evolutionary sense, linking phylogenetic parameters with habitat preferences, to achieve polyphasic definitions of the main taxonomic groups. Evolutionary processes were estimated by multiple gene genealogies and divergence time analysis. Previously described families, namely, Arthrodermataceae, Ajellomycetaceae, Ascosphaeraceae, Eremascaceae, Gymnoascaceae, Onygenaceae and Spiromastigoidaceae, were accepted in Onygenales, and two new families, Malbrancheaceae and Neogymnomycetaceae, were introduced. A number of species could not be assigned to any of the defined families. Our study provides a revised overview of the main lines of taxonomy of Onygenales, supported by multilocus analyses of ITS, LSU, TUB, TEF1, TEF3, RPB1, RPB2, and ribosomal protein 60S L10 (L1) (RP60S) sequences, combined with available data on ecology, physiology, morphology, and genomics.
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Comprehensive Assessment of the Virulence Factors sub 3, sub 6 and mcpA in the Zoonotic Dermatophyte Trichophyton benhamiae Using FISH and qPCR. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 8:jof8010024. [PMID: 35049964 PMCID: PMC8778074 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin infections by keratinophilic fungi are commonly referred to as dermatophytosis and represent a major health burden worldwide. Although patient numbers are on the rise, data on virulence factors, their function and kinetics are scarce. We employed an ex vivo infection model based on guinea pig skin explants (GPSE) for the zoonotic dermatophyte Trichophyton (T.) benhamiae to investigate kinetics of the virulence factors subtilisin (sub) 3, sub 6, metallocarboxypeptidase A (mcpA) and isocitrate lyase (isol) at gene level for ten days. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to detect and quantify the transcripts, respectively. Kingdom-spanning, species-specific and virulence factor-specific probes were successfully applied to isolated fungal elements showing inhomogeneous fluorescence signals along hyphae. Staining results for inoculated GPSE remained inconsistent despite thorough optimization. qPCR revealed a significant increase of sub 3- and mcpA-transcripts toward the end of culture, sub 6 and isol remained at a low level throughout the entire culture period. Sub 3 is tightly connected to the de novo formation of conidia during culture. Since sub 6 is considered an in vivo disease marker. However, the presented findings urgently call for further research on the role of certain virulence factors during infection and disease.
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20
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Aneke CI, Čmoková A, Hubka V, Rhimi W, Otranto D, Cafarchia C. Subtyping Options for Microsporum canis Using Microsatellites and MLST: A Case Study from Southern Italy. Pathogens 2021; 11:4. [PMID: 35055952 PMCID: PMC8780581 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporum canis is considered one of the most common zoophilic dermatophyte species causing infections in animals and humans worldwide. However, molecular epidemiological studies on this dermatophyte are still rare. In this study, we aimed to analyse the population structure and relationships between M. canis strains (n = 66) collected in southern Italy and those isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic animals (cats, dogs and rabbits) and humans. For subtyping purposes, using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT), we first used a limited set of strains to screen for variability. No intraspecies variability was detected in six out of the eight reference genes tested and only the ITS and IGS regions showed two and three sequence genotypes, respectively, resulting in five MLST genotypes. All of eight genes were, however, useful for discrimination among M. canis, M. audouinii and M. ferrugineum. In total, eighteen microsatellite genotypes (A-R) were recognized using MLMT based on six loci, allowing a subdivision of strains into two clusters based on the Bayesian iterative algorithm. Six MLMT genotypes were from multiple host species, while 12 genotypes were found only in one host. There were no statistically significant differences between clusters in terms of host spectrum and the presence or absence of lesions. Our results confirmed that the MLST approach is not useful for detailed subtyping and examining the population structure of M. canis, while microsatellite analysis is a powerful tool for conducting surveillance studies and gaining insight into the epidemiology of infections due to this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chioma Inyang Aneke
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi Aldo Moro, 70010 Bari, Italy; (C.I.A.); (D.O.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
| | - Adéla Čmoková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12801 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Hubka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12801 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wafa Rhimi
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517658978, Iran;
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi Aldo Moro, 70010 Bari, Italy; (C.I.A.); (D.O.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517658978, Iran;
| | - Claudia Cafarchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi Aldo Moro, 70010 Bari, Italy; (C.I.A.); (D.O.)
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21
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Re-discovery of Trichophyton bullosum in North Africa as a cause of severe dermatophytosis in donkeys. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 67:265-275. [PMID: 34761341 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00930-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the first verified cases of infection by Trichophyton bullosum in Africa since the description of the fungus, isolated in 1933 from the coat of horses in Tunisia and Mali. We found the fungus in cutaneous samples obtained from donkeys suffering from severe dermatitis with areas of alopecia and scaling in the surroundings of Cairo (Egypt). Fungal elements (arthroconidia and hyphae) were seen at the microscopy of material collected by skin scraping and digested in NaOH. Fungal colonies grown on various culture media were identified through PCR and sequencing of the ITS rDNA region. Since the original report in Africa and the Middle East, only a few cases have been reported thus far in humans in France and two cases in horses in the Czech Republic and Japan. Trichophyton bullosum seems thus an infrequent cause of dermatophytosis. However, the actual prevalence of this pathogen may be underestimated due to the similarity with T. verrucosum, a predominant cause of infection in cattle, occasionally found on horses and donkeys. Indeed, the two fungi can be distinguished only via molecular methods, which are poorly employed in epidemiological studies on equine and bovine dermatophytosis. The present study results add to our knowledge on the ecology of this poorly explored dermatophyte, supporting the concept that equines are the primary hosts of T. bullosum and confirming the presence of this pathogen in Africa. At the same time, these are the first unequivocally documented infections in donkeys due to T. bullosum.
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22
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Discovery of New Trichophyton Members, T. persicum and T. spiraliforme spp. nov., as a Cause of Highly Inflammatory Tinea Cases in Iran and Czechia. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0028421. [PMID: 34468188 PMCID: PMC8557871 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00284-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens from the Trichophyton benhamiae complex are one of the most important causes of animal mycoses with significant zoonotic potential. In light of the recently revised taxonomy of this complex, we retrospectively identified 38 Trichophyton isolates that could not be resolved into any of the existing species. These strains were isolated from Iranian and Czech patients during molecular epidemiological surveys on dermatophytosis and were predominantly associated with highly inflammatory tinea corporis cases, suggesting possible zoonotic etiology. Subsequent phylogenetic (4 markers), population genetic (10 markers), and phenotypic analyses supported recognition of two novel species. The first species, Trichophyton persicum sp. nov., was identified in 36 cases of human dermatophytosis and one case of feline dermatophytosis, mainly in Southern and Western Iran. The second species, Trichophyton spiraliforme sp. nov., is only known from a single case of tinea corporis in a Czech patient who probably contracted the infection from a dog. Although the zoonotic sources of infections summarized in this study are very likely, little is known about the host spectrum of these pathogens. Awareness of these new pathogens among clinicians should refine our knowledge about their poorly explored geographic distribution. IMPORTANCE In this study, we describe two novel agents of dermatophytosis and summarize the clinical manifestation of infections. These new pathogens were discovered thanks to long-term molecular epidemiological studies conducted in Czechia and Iran. Zoonotic origins of the human infections are highly probable, but the animal hosts of these pathogens are poorly known. Further research is needed to refine our knowledge about these new dermatophytes.
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Lysková P, Dobiáš R, Čmoková A, Kolařík M, Hamal P, Šmatláková K, Hušek J, Mencl K, Mallátová N, Poláčková Z, Krnáčová A, Palkovičová K, Jablonská D, Macháčová J, Drlík Z, Bázsóová D, Jaworská P, Svobodová L, Hubka V. An Outbreak of Trichophyton quinckeanum Zoonotic Infections in the Czech Republic Transmitted from Cats and Dogs. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:684. [PMID: 34575722 PMCID: PMC8465542 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichophyton quinckeanum, a zoophilic dermatophyte mostly known as the causative agent of rodent favus, is relatively rarely reported to cause human infections. Indeed, no infections were detected in Czechia between 2012 and 2015 despite routine verification of species identification by ITS rDNA sequencing. By contrast, 25 human and 11 animal cases of infection were documented from December 2016 to December 2020 and the rates tended to grow every following year. Interestingly, most of the cases were reported in the Olomouc region, suggesting a local outbreak. We bring the evidence that human T. quinckeanum infections are most commonly contracted from infected cats or, less frequently, dogs. Although rodents or contaminated soil and environment could be the source of infection to cats and dogs, the occurrence of infections in multiple animals in the same household suggests direct transmission among animals. Confirmation of the identification by molecular methods is highly recommended due to morphological similarity with T. mentagrophytes/T. interdigitale. Antifungal susceptibility testing of isolates to eight antifungals was performed using EUCAST methodology (E.Def 11.0). Among the tested antifungals, terbinafine, amorolfine, ciclopirox and efinaconazole were most potent in vitro and elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations were obtained for fluconazole and ketoconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Lysková
- Department of Parasitology, Mycology and Mycobacteriology, Public Health Institute in Ústí nad Labem, 186 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Radim Dobiáš
- Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Public Health Institute Ostrava, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (R.D.); (D.B.); (P.J.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Čmoková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.Č.); (M.K.)
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kolařík
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.Č.); (M.K.)
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hamal
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Olomouc, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Kateřina Šmatláková
- Veterinární Klinika MVDr. Vlastimil Pospíšil, 68 201 Vyškov, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Hušek
- Veterinární Klinika Veterix, 79 601 Prostějov, Czech Republic;
| | - Karel Mencl
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Pardubice Regional Hospital, 53 203 Pardubice, Czech Republic;
| | - Nad’a Mallátová
- Laboratory of Mycology and Parasitology, Hospital České Budějovice, 370 01 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Zora Poláčková
- Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, University Hospital Olomouc, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.P.); (Z.D.)
| | - Anežka Krnáčová
- Department of Dermatology, Přerov Hospital, 751 52 Přerov, Czech Republic;
| | | | - Daniela Jablonská
- Dermatology Center, Hranice Hospital, 753 22 Hranice, Czech Republic;
| | - Jitka Macháčová
- Dermatology Center, 757 01 Valašské Meziříčí, Czech Republic;
| | - Zdeněk Drlík
- Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, University Hospital Olomouc, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.P.); (Z.D.)
- Dr. Drlik Dermatovenereology, 789 85 Mohelnice, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Bázsóová
- Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Public Health Institute Ostrava, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (R.D.); (D.B.); (P.J.)
| | - Pavla Jaworská
- Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Public Health Institute Ostrava, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (R.D.); (D.B.); (P.J.)
| | - Lucie Svobodová
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Olomouc, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Vit Hubka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.Č.); (M.K.)
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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Baert F, Lefevere P, D’hooge E, Stubbe D, Packeu A. A Polyphasic Approach to Classification and Identification of Species within the Trichophyton benhamiae Complex. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080602. [PMID: 34436141 PMCID: PMC8397008 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, considerable advances have been made in clearing up the phylogenetic relationships within the Arthrodermataceae family. However, certain closely related taxa still contain poorly resolved species boundaries. Here, we tried to elucidate the species composition of the Trichophyton benhamiae species complex using a combined approach consisting of multi-gene phylogenetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and beta-tubulin (BT) gene regions, morphological analysis, and spectral comparison using MALDI-ToF. We confirmed the existence of 11 different monophyletic clades within the complex representing either species or genetically distinct groups within species. MALDI-ToF spectrometry analysis revealed that most of these clades were readily distinguishable from one another; however, some closely related sister clades, such as T. europaeum and T. japonicum, were often misidentified as their counterpart. The distinct “yellow” and “white” phenotypes of T. benhamiae do not have a clear genetic basis and should thus be considered as different morphotypes of the same species. Strains traditionally considered T. benhamiae can be divided into three main clades: (i) T. benhamiae, (ii) T. europaeum/T. japonicum, and (iii) the phylogenetically distant T. africanum. While T. europaeum and T. japonicum are distinguishable based on their genotype, spectral and morphological analysis did not provide clear delimiting characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Baert
- BCCM/IHEM Fungi Collection, Service of Mycology & Aerobiology, Sciensano, Rue J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; (E.D.); (D.S.); (A.P.)
- Service of Mycology and Aerobiology, Sciensano, Rue J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-642-50-99
| | - Paulien Lefevere
- Service of Mycology and Aerobiology, Sciensano, Rue J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Elizabet D’hooge
- BCCM/IHEM Fungi Collection, Service of Mycology & Aerobiology, Sciensano, Rue J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; (E.D.); (D.S.); (A.P.)
- Service of Mycology and Aerobiology, Sciensano, Rue J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Dirk Stubbe
- BCCM/IHEM Fungi Collection, Service of Mycology & Aerobiology, Sciensano, Rue J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; (E.D.); (D.S.); (A.P.)
- Service of Mycology and Aerobiology, Sciensano, Rue J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Ann Packeu
- BCCM/IHEM Fungi Collection, Service of Mycology & Aerobiology, Sciensano, Rue J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; (E.D.); (D.S.); (A.P.)
- Service of Mycology and Aerobiology, Sciensano, Rue J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium;
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Vitale RG, Giudicessi SL, Romero SM, Al-Hatmi AMS, Li Q, de Hoog GS. Recent developments in less known and multi-resistant fungal opportunists. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:762-780. [PMID: 34096817 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1927978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections have increased in recent years due to host factors, such as oncohaematological and transplant-related disorders, immunosuppressive therapy, and AIDS. Additionally, molecular and proteomic facilities have become available to identify previously unrecognizable opportunists. For these reasons, reports on less-known and recalcitrant mycoses, such as those caused by black fungi, hyaline filamentous fungi, coelomycetes, Mucorales, and non-Candida yeasts have emerged. In this review, novel taxonomy in these groups, which often are multi-resistant to one or several classes of antifungals, is discussed. Clinical presentations, diagnosis and current treatment of some major groups are summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana G Vitale
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Unidad de Parasitología, Sector Micología, Hospital J. M. Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvana L Giudicessi
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Stella M Romero
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Abdullah M S Al-Hatmi
- Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud, University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Natural & Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Omán
| | - Qirui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - G Sybren de Hoog
- Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud, University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China.,Department of Medical Microbiology, People's Hospital of Suzhou, National New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Suzhou, PR China
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Shamsizadeh F, Ansari S, Zarei Mahmoudabadi A, Hubka V, Čmoková A, Guillot J, Rafiei A, Zomorodian K, Nouripour-Sisakht S, Diba K, Mohammadi T, Zarrinfar H, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A. In vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns of Trichophyton benhamiae complex isolates from diverse origin. Mycoses 2021; 64:1378-1386. [PMID: 33864711 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Species from the Trichophyton benhamiae complex are mostly zoophilic dermatophytes which cause inflammatory dermatophytosis in animals and humans worldwide. OBJECTIVES This study was purposed to (a) to identify 169 reference and clinical dermatophyte strains from the T benhamiae complex species by molecular method and adhering to the newest taxonomy in the complex (b) to evaluate the in vitro antifungal susceptibility profile of these strains against eight common and new antifungal agents that may be used for the treatment of dermatophytosis. METHODS All isolates, mainly originated from Europe but also from Iran, Japan and USA, were subjected to ITS-rDNA sequencing. The in vitro antifungal susceptibility profiles of eight common and new antifungal drugs against the isolates were determined by CLSI M38-A2 protocol and according to microdilution method. RESULTS Based on the ITS-rDNA sequencing, T benhamiae was the dominant species (n = 102), followed by T europaeum (n = 29), T erinacei (n = 23), T japonicum (n = 10), Trichophyton sp (n = 4) and T eriotrephon (n = 1). MIC ranges across all isolates were as follows: luliconazole: 0.0002-0.002 µg/ml, terbinafine: 0.008-0.125 µg/ml, efinaconazole: 0.008-0.125 µg/ml, ciclopirox olamine: 0.03-0.5 µg/ml, itraconazole: 0.06-2 µg/ml, griseofulvin: 0.25-4 µg/ml, amorolfine hydrochloride: 0.125-4 µg/ml and tavaborole: 1-16 µg/ml. CONCLUSION Luliconazole, efinaconazole and terbinafine were the most potent antifungals against T benhamiae complex isolates, regardless of the geographic locations where strains were isolated. These data might help dermatologists to develop effective therapies for successful treatment of infections due to T benhamiae complex species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Shamsizadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saham Ansari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zarei Mahmoudabadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Vít Hubka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Čmoková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, Czech Republic
| | - Jacques Guillot
- Dynamic Research Group UPEC, EnvA, USC Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Abdollah Rafiei
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Kambiz Diba
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Tooba Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Zarrinfar
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Le Barzic C, Cmokova A, Denaes C, Arné P, Hubka V, Guillot J, Risco-Castillo V. Detection and Control of Dermatophytosis in Wild European Hedgehogs ( Erinaceus europaeus) Admitted to a French Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:74. [PMID: 33494368 PMCID: PMC7911743 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising number of European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) admitted every year to wildlife rehabilitation centres might be a source of concern to animal and public health since transmissible diseases, such as dermatophytosis, can be easily disseminated. This study seeks to evaluate the frequency of dermatophyte detection in hedgehogs admitted to a wildlife rehabilitation centre located near Paris, France, and to assess the risk of contamination in the centre in order to adapt prevention measures. A longitudinal cohort study was performed on 412 hedgehogs hosted at the Wildlife Animal Hospital of the Veterinary College of Alfort from January to December 2016. Animals were sampled once a month for fungal culture. Dermatophyte colonies were obtained from 174 out of 686 skin samples (25.4%). Besides Trichophyton erinacei, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Nannizzia gypsea were also found. Dermatophyte detection seemed to be associated with the presence of skin lesions, while more than one-third of T. erinacei-positive animals were asymptomatic carriers. Healing required several months of treatment with topical and systemic azoles, but dermatophytosis did not seem to reduce the probability of release. Daily disinfection procedures and early detection and treatment of infected and asymptomatic carriers succeeded in limiting dermatophyte transmission between hedgehogs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Le Barzic
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire de la Faune Sauvage (Chuv-FS), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (C.L.B.); (C.D.); (P.A.)
| | - Adela Cmokova
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (V.H.)
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Chloé Denaes
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire de la Faune Sauvage (Chuv-FS), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (C.L.B.); (C.D.); (P.A.)
| | - Pascal Arné
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire de la Faune Sauvage (Chuv-FS), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (C.L.B.); (C.D.); (P.A.)
- Dynamic Research Group UPEC, EnvA, USC Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France;
| | - Vit Hubka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (V.H.)
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jacques Guillot
- Dynamic Research Group UPEC, EnvA, USC Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France;
- Laboratory of Mycology, Biopôle Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Veronica Risco-Castillo
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire de la Faune Sauvage (Chuv-FS), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (C.L.B.); (C.D.); (P.A.)
- Dynamic Research Group UPEC, EnvA, USC Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France;
- Laboratory of Mycology, Biopôle Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Discovery of novel biologically active secondary metabolites from Thai mycodiversity with anti-infective potential. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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