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Hendrix S, Dartigue V, Hall H, Bawaria S, Kingma J, Bajaj B, Zelcer N, Kober DL. SPRING licenses S1P-mediated cleavage of SREBP2 by displacing an inhibitory pro-domain. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5732. [PMID: 38977690 PMCID: PMC11231238 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Site-one protease (S1P) conducts the first of two cleavage events in the Golgi to activate Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) and upregulate lipogenic transcription. S1P is also required for a wide array of additional signaling pathways. A zymogen serine protease, S1P matures through autoproteolysis of two pro-domains, with one cleavage event in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the other in the Golgi. We recently identified the SREBP regulating gene, (SPRING), which enhances S1P maturation and is necessary for SREBP signaling. Here, we report the cryo-EM structures of S1P and S1P-SPRING at sub-2.5 Å resolution. SPRING activates S1P by dislodging its inhibitory pro-domain and stabilizing intra-domain contacts. Functionally, SPRING licenses S1P to cleave its cognate substrate, SREBP2. Our findings reveal an activation mechanism for S1P and provide insights into how spatial control of S1P activity underpins cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hendrix
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent Dartigue
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hailee Hall
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Shrankhla Bawaria
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jenina Kingma
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bilkish Bajaj
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Noam Zelcer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Daniel L Kober
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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2
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Xiong Y, Luo J, Hong ZY, Zhu WZ, Hu A, Song BL. Hyperactivation of SREBP induces pannexin-1-dependent lytic cell death. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100579. [PMID: 38880128 PMCID: PMC11284708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Sterol-regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are a conserved transcription factor family governing lipid metabolism. When cellular cholesterol level is low, SREBP2 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus where it undergoes proteolytic activation to generate a soluble N-terminal fragment, which drives the expression of lipid biosynthetic genes. Malfunctional SREBP activation is associated with various metabolic abnormalities. In this study, we find that overexpression of the active nuclear form SREBP2 (nSREBP2) causes caspase-dependent lytic cell death in various types of cells. These cells display typical pyroptotic and necrotic signatures, including plasma membrane ballooning and release of cellular contents. However, this phenotype is independent of the gasdermin family proteins or mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). Transcriptomic analysis identifies that nSREBP2 induces expression of p73, which further activates caspases. Through whole-genome CRISPR-Cas9 screening, we find that Pannexin-1 (PANX1) acts downstream of caspases to promote membrane rupture. Caspase-3 or 7 cleaves PANX1 at the C-terminal tail and increases permeability. Inhibition of the pore-forming activity of PANX1 alleviates lytic cell death. PANX1 can mediate gasdermins and MLKL-independent cell lysis during TNF-induced or chemotherapeutic reagents (doxorubicin or cisplatin)-induced cell death. Together, this study uncovers a noncanonical function of SREBPs as a potentiator of programmed cell death and suggests that PANX1 can directly promote lytic cell death independent of gasdermins and MLKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi-Yun Hong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Zhuo Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ao Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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3
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Hendrix S, Tan JME, Ndoj K, Kingma J, Valiloo M, Zijlstra LF, Ottenhoff R, Seidah NG, Loregger A, Kober DL, Zelcer N. SPRING is a Dedicated Licensing Factor for SREBP-Specific Activation by S1P. Mol Cell Biol 2024; 44:123-137. [PMID: 38747374 PMCID: PMC11110692 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2024.2348711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
SREBP transcription factors are central regulators of lipid metabolism. Their proteolytic activation requires ER to the Golgi translocation and subsequent cleavage by site-1-protease (S1P). Produced as a proprotein, S1P undergoes autocatalytic cleavage from its precursor S1PA to mature S1PC form. Here, we report that SPRING (previously C12ORF29) and S1P interact through their ectodomains, and that this facilitates the autocatalytic cleavage of S1PA into its mature S1PC form. Reciprocally, we identified a S1P recognition-motif in SPRING and demonstrate that S1P-mediated cleavage leads to secretion of the SPRING ectodomain in cells, and in liver-specific Spring knockout (LKO) mice transduced with AAV-mSpring. By reconstituting SPRING variants into SPRINGKO cells we show that the SPRING ectodomain supports proteolytic maturation of S1P and SREBP signaling, but that S1P-mediated SPRING cleavage is not essential for these processes. Absence of SPRING modestly diminishes proteolytic maturation of S1PA→C and trafficking of S1PC to the Golgi. However, despite reaching the Golgi in SPRINGKO cells, S1PC fails to rescue SREBP signaling. Remarkably, whereas SREBP signaling was severely attenuated in SPRINGKO cells and LKO mice, that of ATF6, another S1P substrate, was unaffected in these models. Collectively, our study positions SPRING as a dedicated licensing factor for SREBP-specific activation by S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hendrix
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josephine M. E. Tan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klevis Ndoj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenina Kingma
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Masoud Valiloo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lobke F. Zijlstra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof Ottenhoff
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nabil G. Seidah
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anke Loregger
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel L. Kober
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Noam Zelcer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Xie S, Zou W, Liu S, Yang Q, Hu T, Zhu WP, Tang H, Wang C. Site 1 protease aggravates acute kidney injury by promoting tubular epithelial cell ferroptosis through SIRT3-SOD2-mtROS signaling. FEBS J 2024; 291:1575-1592. [PMID: 38243371 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. Ferroptosis, a newly discovered form of oxidative cell death, is involved in the pathogenesis of renal I/R injury; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be explored. Here, we reported that site 1 protease (S1P) promotes ischemic kidney injury by regulating ferroptotic cell death of tubular epithelial cells. S1P abundance was measured in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-treated Boston University mouse proximal tubular (BUMPT) cells and I/R-induced murine kidney tissue. S1P expression in BUMPT cells and kidneys was initially activated by hypoxic stimulation, accompanied by the ferroptotic response. Blocking S1P blunted H/R-induced ferroptotic cell death, which also restored sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) activity in BUMPT cells. Next, inhibition of S1P expression restored I/R-suppressed SIRT3 abundance, SOD2 activity and reduced the elevated level of mitochondria reactive oxygen species (mtROS), which attenuated tubular cell ferroptosis and renal I/R injury. In conclusion, S1P promoted renal tubular epithelial cell ferroptosis under I/R status by activating SIRT3-SOD2-mtROS signaling, thereby accelerating kidney injury. Thus, targeting S1P signaling may serve as a promising strategy for I/R kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Sirui Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qinglan Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Tiantian Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
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5
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Fang XX, Wei P, Zhao K, Sheng ZC, Song BL, Yin L, Luo J. Fatty acid-binding proteins 3, 7, and 8 bind cholesterol and facilitate its egress from lysosomes. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202211062. [PMID: 38429999 PMCID: PMC10909654 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202211062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol from low-density lipoprotein (LDL) can be transported to many organelle membranes by non-vesicular mechanisms involving sterol transfer proteins (STPs). Fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) 7 was identified in our previous study searching for new regulators of intracellular cholesterol trafficking. Whether FABP7 is a bona fide STP remains unknown. Here, we found that FABP7 deficiency resulted in the accumulation of LDL-derived cholesterol in lysosomes and reduced cholesterol levels on the plasma membrane. A crystal structure of human FABP7 protein in complex with cholesterol was resolved at 2.7 Å resolution. In vitro, FABP7 efficiently transported the cholesterol analog dehydroergosterol between the liposomes. Further, the silencing of FABP3 and 8, which belong to the same family as FABP7, caused robust cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes. These two FABP proteins could transport dehydroergosterol in vitro as well. Collectively, our results suggest that FABP3, 7, and 8 are a new class of STPs mediating cholesterol egress from lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Xiu Fang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengcheng Wei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao-Chen Sheng
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Yin
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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6
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Kiriyama K, Fujioka K, Kawai K, Mizuno T, Shinohara Y, Itoh K. Novel synthetic biological study on intracellular distribution of human GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase expressed in insect cells. J Biochem 2024; 175:265-274. [PMID: 37948633 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Many lysosomal enzymes contain N-glycans carrying mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) residues. Modifying lysosomal enzymes by M6P residues requires a two-step process in the Golgi apparatus. Then the lysosomal enzymes with M6P residues are transported from the trans-Golgi network to endosomes and lysosomes by M6P receptors. In insect cells, M6P residues are not added to N-glycans. Therefore, many insect lysosomal enzymes are transported to lysosomes by the M6P-independent pathway. The expression and subcellular distribution of M6P-modifying enzymes were examined by amplifying DNA fragments of M6P-modifying enzymes, generating the corresponding plasmid constructs, and transfection each construct into Sf9 cells, an insect cell line. The human GlcNac-1-phosphotransferase α/β subunit, one of the M6P-modifying enzymes, was found to differ in maturation and localization between mammalian and insect cells. In mammalian cells, newly biosynthesized α/β subunit localized in the cis-Golgi. In Sf9 cells, most of the α/β subunit was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, and few mature forms of α/β subunit were observed. However, by the co-expression of the human site-1 protease, the mature forms were observed significantly and co-localization with each protein. Our study indicates new insights into regulating the intracellular distribution of the human GlcNac-1-phosphotransferase α/β subunit in insect cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kiriyama
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramotocho, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute for Medicinal Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Shoumachi, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fujioka
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University,1-78-1, Shoumachi, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kaito Kawai
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute for Medicinal Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Shoumachi, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Teru Mizuno
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramotocho, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute for Medicinal Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Shoumachi, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shinohara
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramotocho, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute for Medicinal Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Shoumachi, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University,1-78-1, Shoumachi, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kohji Itoh
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute for Medicinal Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Shoumachi, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University,1-78-1, Shoumachi, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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7
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Li QL, Zheng H, Luo Z, Wu LX, Xu PC, Guo JC, Song YF, Tan XY. Characterization and expression analysis of seven lipid metabolism-related genes in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco fed high fat and bile acid diet. Gene 2024; 894:147972. [PMID: 37944648 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
SREBPs, such as SREBP1 and SREBP2, were the key transcriptional factors regulating lipid metabolism. The processing of SREBPs involved many genes, such as scap, s1p, s2p, cideb. Here, we deciphered the full-length cDNA sequences of scap, srebp1, srebp2, s1p, s2p, cideb and cidec from yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Their full-length cDNA sequences ranged from 1587 to 3884 bp, and their ORF length from 1191 to 2979 bp, encoding 396-992 amino acids. Some conservative domains were predicted, including the multiple transmembrane domains in SCAP, the bHLH-ZIP domain in SREBP1 and SREBP2, the ApoB binding region, ER targeting region and LD targeting region in CIDEb, the LD targeting region in the CIDEc, the conserved catalytic site and processing site in S1P, and the transmembrane helix domain in S2P. Their mRNA expression could be observed in the heart, spleen, liver, kidney, brain, muscle, intestine and adipose, but varied with tissues. The changes of their mRNA expression in responses to high-fat (HFD) and bile acid (BA) diets were also investigated in the brain, heart, intestine, kidney and spleen tissues. In the brain, HFD significantly increased the mRNA expression of seven genes (scap, srebp1, srebp2, s1p, s2p, cideb and cidec), and the BA attenuated the increase of scap, srebp1, srebp2, s1p, s2p, cideb and cidec mRNA expression induced by HFD. In the heart, HFD significantly increased the mRNA abundances of six genes (srebp1, srebp2, scap, s2p, cideb and cidec), and BA attenuated the increase of their mRNA abundances induced by HFD. In the intestine, HFD increased the cideb, s1p and s2p mRNA abundances, and BA attenuated the HFD-induced increment of their mRNA abundances. In the kidney, HFD significantly increased the scap, cidec and s1p mRNA expression, and BA diet attenuated the increment of their mRNA expression. In the spleen, HFD treatment increased the scap, srebp2, s1p and s2p mRNA expression, and BA diet attenuated HFD-induced increment of their mRNA expression. Taken together, our study elucidated the characterization, expression profiles and transcriptional response of seven lipid metabolic genes, which would serve as the good basis for the further exploration into their function and regulatory mechanism in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Lin Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li-Xiang Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Guo
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu-Feng Song
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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8
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Zhao N, Deng G, Yuan PX, Zhang YF, Jiang LY, Zhao X, Song BL. TMEM241 is a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transporter required for M6P modification of NPC2 and cholesterol transport. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100465. [PMID: 37890669 PMCID: PMC10689955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate intracellular cholesterol traffic plays crucial roles. Niemann Pick type C (NPC) proteins NPC1 and NPC2, are two lysosomal cholesterol transporters that mediate the cholesterol exit from lysosomes. However, other proteins involved in this process remain poorly defined. Here, we find that the previously unannotated protein TMEM241 is required for cholesterol egressing from lysosomes through amphotericin B-based genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 KO screening. Ablation of TMEM241 caused impaired sorting of NPC2, a protein utilizes the mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) modification for lysosomal targeting, resulting in cholesterol accumulation in the lysosomes. TMEM241 is a member of solute transporters 35 nucleotide sugar transporters family and localizes on the cis-Golgi network. Our data indicate that TMEM241 transports UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) into Golgi lumen and UDP-GlcNAc is used for the M6P modification of proteins including NPC2. Furthermore, Tmem241-deficient mice display cholesterol accumulation in pulmonary cells and behave pulmonary injury and hypokinesia. Taken together, we demonstrate that TMEM241 is a Golgi-localized UDP-GlcNAc transporter and loss of TMEM241 causes cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes because of the impaired M6P-dependent lysosomal targeting of NPC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Deng
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei-Xin Yuan
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Fen Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Yi Jiang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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9
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Sun Q, Liu D, Cui W, Cheng H, Huang L, Zhang R, Gu J, Liu S, Zhuang X, Lu Y, Chu B, Li J. Cholesterol mediated ferroptosis suppression reveals essential roles of Coenzyme Q and squalene. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1108. [PMID: 37914914 PMCID: PMC10620397 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings have shown that fatty acid metabolism is profoundly involved in ferroptosis. However, the role of cholesterol in this process remains incompletely understood. In this work, we show that modulating cholesterol levels changes vulnerability of cells to ferroptosis. Cholesterol alters metabolic flux of the mevalonate pathway by promoting Squalene Epoxidase (SQLE) degradation, a rate limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis, thereby increasing both CoQ10 and squalene levels. Importantly, whereas inactivation of Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1), the branch point of cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, exhibits minimal effect on ferroptosis, simultaneous inhibition of both CoQ10 and squalene biosynthesis completely abrogates the effect of cholesterol. Mouse models of ischemia-reperfusion and doxorubicin induced hepatoxicity confirm the protective role of cholesterol in ferroptosis. Our study elucidates a potential role of ferroptosis in diseases related to dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism and suggests a possible therapeutic target that involves ferroptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Diming Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Weiwei Cui
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Huimin Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Lixia Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ruihao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Junlian Gu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiao Zhuang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Bo Chu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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10
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Ke C, Xiao C, Li J, Wu X, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Sheng S, Fu Z, Wang L, Ni C, Zhao J, Shi Y, Wu Y, Zhong Z, Nan J, Zhu W, Chen J, Wu R, Hu X. FMO2 ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by suppressing ER-to-Golgi transport of SREBP1. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00617. [PMID: 37874228 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS NAFLD comprises a spectrum of liver disorders with the initial abnormal accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes called NAFL, progressing to the more serious NASH in a subset of individuals. Our previous study revealed that global flavin-containing monooxygenase 2 (FMO2) knockout causes higher liver weight in rats. However, the role of FMO2 in NAFLD remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to determine the function and mechanism of FMO2 in liver steatosis and steatohepatitis. APPROACH AND RESULTS The expression of FMO2 was significantly downregulated in patients with NAFL/NASH and mouse models. Both global and hepatocyte-specific knockout of FMO2 resulted in increased lipogenesis and severe hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, whereas FMO2 overexpression in mice improved NAFL/NASH. RNA sequencing showed that hepatic FMO2 deficiency is associated with impaired lipogenesis in response to metabolic challenges. Mechanistically, FMO2 directly interacts with SREBP1 at amino acids 217-296 competitively with SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) and inhibits SREBP1 translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus and its subsequent activation, thus suppressing de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and improving NAFL/NASH. CONCLUSIONS In hepatocytes, FMO2 is a novel molecule that protects against the progression of NAFL/NASH independent of enzyme activity. FMO2 impairs lipogenesis in high-fat diet-induced or choline-deficient, methionine-deficient, amino acid-defined high-fat diet-induced steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis by directly binding to SREBP1 and preventing its organelle translocation and subsequent activation. FMO2 thus is a promising molecule for targeting the activation of SREBP1 and for the treatment of NAFL/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changle Ke
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Changchen Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Xianpeng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Yongjian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Shuyuan Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Zaiyang Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Lingjun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Cheng Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Yanna Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Zhiwei Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Jinliang Nan
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Jinghai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Xinyang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
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11
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Xiao J, Dong LW, Liu S, Meng FH, Xie C, Lu XY, Zhang WJ, Luo J, Song BL. Bile acids-mediated intracellular cholesterol transport promotes intestinal cholesterol absorption and NPC1L1 recycling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6469. [PMID: 37833289 PMCID: PMC10575946 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) is essential for intestinal cholesterol absorption. Together with the cholesterol-rich and Flotillin-positive membrane microdomain, NPC1L1 is internalized via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and transported to endocytic recycling compartment (ERC). When ERC cholesterol level decreases, NPC1L1 interacts with LIMA1 and moves back to plasma membrane. However, how cholesterol leaves ERC is unknown. Here, we find that, in male mice, intracellular bile acids facilitate cholesterol transport to other organelles, such as endoplasmic reticulum, in a non-micellar fashion. When cholesterol level in ERC is decreased by bile acids, the NPC1L1 carboxyl terminus that previously interacts with the cholesterol-rich membranes via the A1272LAL residues dissociates from membrane, exposing the Q1277KR motif for LIMA1 recruitment. Then NPC1L1 moves back to plasma membrane. This study demonstrates an intracellular cholesterol transport function of bile acids and explains how the substantial amount of cholesterol in NPC1L1-positive compartments is unloaded in enterocytes during cholesterol absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Le-Wei Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Heart Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fan-Hua Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Heart Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272007, Shandong, China
| | - Chang Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiping J Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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12
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Hendrix S, Zelcer N. A new SPRING in lipid metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 2023; 34:201-207. [PMID: 37548386 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The SREBP transcription factors are master regulators of lipid homeostasis owing to their role in controlling cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. The core machinery required to promote their trafficking and proteolytic activation has been established close to 20 years ago. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of a newly identified regulator of SREBP signaling, SPRING (formerly C12ORF49), its proposed mechanism of action, and its role in lipid metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS Using whole-genome functional genetic screens we, and others, have recently identified SPRING as a novel regulator of SREBP signaling. SPRING is a Golgi-resident single-pass transmembrane protein that is required for proteolytic activation of SREBPs in this compartment. Mechanistic studies identified regulation of S1P, the protease that cleaves SREBPs, and control of retrograde trafficking of the SREBP chaperone SCAP from the Golgi to the ER as processes requiring SPRING. Emerging studies suggest an important role for SPRING in regulating circulating and hepatic lipid levels in mice and potentially in humans. SUMMARY Current studies support the notion that SPRING is a novel component of the core SREBP-activating machinery. Additional studies are warranted to elucidate its role in cellular and systemic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hendrix
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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13
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Naito T, Yang H, Koh DHZ, Mahajan D, Lu L, Saheki Y. Regulation of cellular cholesterol distribution via non-vesicular lipid transport at ER-Golgi contact sites. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5867. [PMID: 37735529 PMCID: PMC10514280 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal distribution of cellular cholesterol is associated with numerous diseases, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Regulated transport of cholesterol is critical for maintaining its proper distribution in the cell, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that lipid transfer proteins, namely ORP9, OSBP, and GRAMD1s/Asters (GRAMD1a/GRAMD1b/GRAMD1c), control non-vesicular cholesterol transport at points of contact between the ER and the trans-Golgi network (TGN), thereby maintaining cellular cholesterol distribution. ORP9 localizes to the TGN via interaction between its tandem α-helices and ORP10/ORP11. ORP9 extracts PI4P from the TGN to prevent its overaccumulation and suppresses OSBP-mediated PI4P-driven cholesterol transport to the Golgi. By contrast, GRAMD1s transport excess cholesterol from the Golgi to the ER, thereby preventing its build-up. Cells lacking ORP9 exhibit accumulation of cholesterol at the Golgi, which is further enhanced by additional depletion of GRAMD1s with major accumulation in the plasma membrane. This is accompanied by chronic activation of the SREBP-2 signalling pathway. Our findings reveal the importance of regulated lipid transport at ER-Golgi contacts for maintaining cellular cholesterol distribution and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Naito
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Haoning Yang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Dylan Hong Zheng Koh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Divyanshu Mahajan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Yasunori Saheki
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
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14
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Hendrix S, Kingma J, Ottenhoff R, Valiloo M, Svecla M, Zijlstra LF, Sachdev V, Kovac K, Levels JHM, Jongejan A, de Boer JF, Kuipers F, Rimbert A, Norata GD, Loregger A, Zelcer N. Hepatic SREBP signaling requires SPRING to govern systemic lipid metabolism in mice and humans. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5181. [PMID: 37626055 PMCID: PMC10457316 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are transcription factors that govern cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. We recently identified SPRING as a post-transcriptional regulator of SREBP activation. Constitutive or inducible global ablation of Spring in mice is not tolerated, and we therefore develop liver-specific Spring knockout mice (LKO). Transcriptomics and proteomics analysis reveal attenuated SREBP signaling in livers and hepatocytes of LKO mice. Total plasma cholesterol is reduced in male and female LKO mice in both the low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein fractions, while triglycerides are unaffected. Loss of Spring decreases hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride content due to diminished biosynthesis, which coincides with reduced very-low-density lipoprotein secretion. Accordingly, LKO mice are protected from fructose diet-induced hepatosteatosis. In humans, we find common genetic SPRING variants that associate with circulating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and ApoA1 levels. This study positions SPRING as a core component of hepatic SREBP signaling and systemic lipid metabolism in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hendrix
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenina Kingma
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof Ottenhoff
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Masoud Valiloo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monika Svecla
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Lobke F Zijlstra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vinay Sachdev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina Kovac
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H M Levels
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Bioinformatics Laboratory, of Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan F de Boer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine Rimbert
- l'institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Anke Loregger
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Myllia Biotechnology GmbH, Am Kanal 27, 1110, Vienna, Austria
| | - Noam Zelcer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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15
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Dong L, Xiao J, Liu S, Deng G, Liao Y, Chu B, Zhao X, Song BL, Luo J. Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation is commonly found in most peroxisomal disorders and reversed by 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:1786-1799. [PMID: 36971991 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomal disorders (PDs) are a heterogenous group of diseases caused by defects in peroxisome biogenesis or functions. X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy is the most prevalent form of PDs and results from mutations in the ABCD1 gene, which encodes a transporter mediating the uptake of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). The curative approaches for PDs are very limited. Here, we investigated whether cholesterol accumulation in the lysosomes is a biochemical feature shared by a broad spectrum of PDs. We individually knocked down fifteen PD-associated genes in cultured cells and found ten induced cholesterol accumulation in the lysosome. 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) effectively alleviated the cholesterol accumulation phenotype in PD-mimicking cells through reducing intracellular cholesterol content as well as promoting cholesterol redistribution to other cellular membranes. In ABCD1 knockdown cells, HPCD treatment lowered reactive oxygen species and VLCFA to normal levels. In Abcd1 knockout mice, HPCD injections reduced cholesterol and VLCFA sequestration in the brain and adrenal cortex. The plasma levels of adrenocortical hormones were increased and the behavioral abnormalities were greatly ameliorated upon HPCD administration. Together, our results suggest that defective cholesterol transport underlies most, if not all, PDs, and that HPCD can serve as a novel and effective strategy for the treatment of PDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewei Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Gang Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yacheng Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Beibei Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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16
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Ershov P, Yablokov E, Mezentsev Y, Ivanov A. Uncharacterized Proteins CxORFx: Subinteractome Analysis and Prognostic Significance in Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10190. [PMID: 37373333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Functions of about 10% of all the proteins and their associations with diseases are poorly annotated or not annotated at all. Among these proteins, there is a group of uncharacterized chromosome-specific open-reading frame genes (CxORFx) from the 'Tdark' category. The aim of the work was to reveal associations of CxORFx gene expression and ORF proteins' subinteractomes with cancer-driven cellular processes and molecular pathways. We performed systems biology and bioinformatic analysis of 219 differentially expressed CxORFx genes in cancers, an estimation of prognostic significance of novel transcriptomic signatures and analysis of subinteractome composition using several web servers (GEPIA2, KMplotter, ROC-plotter, TIMER, cBioPortal, DepMap, EnrichR, PepPSy, cProSite, WebGestalt, CancerGeneNet, PathwAX II and FunCoup). The subinteractome of each ORF protein was revealed using ten different data sources on physical protein-protein interactions (PPIs) to obtain representative datasets for the exploration of possible cellular functions of ORF proteins through a spectrum of neighboring annotated protein partners. A total of 42 out of 219 presumably cancer-associated ORF proteins and 30 cancer-dependent binary PPIs were found. Additionally, a bibliometric analysis of 204 publications allowed us to retrieve biomedical terms related to ORF genes. In spite of recent progress in functional studies of ORF genes, the current investigations aim at finding out the prognostic value of CxORFx expression patterns in cancers. The results obtained expand the understanding of the possible functions of the poorly annotated CxORFx in the cancer context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Ershov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | | | - Yuri Mezentsev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Alexis Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia
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17
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Shan H, Fei T. CRISPR screening in cardiovascular research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1175849. [PMID: 37123412 PMCID: PMC10130668 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1175849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent advent and widespread application of CRISPR-based genome editing tools have revolutionized biomedical research and beyond. Taking advantage of high perturbation efficiency and scalability, CRISPR screening has been regarded as one of the most powerful technologies in functional genomics which allows investigation of different genetic subjects at a large scale in parallel. Significant progress has been made using various CRISPR screening tools especially in cancer research, however, fewer attempts and less success are reported in other contexts. In this mini-review, we discuss how CRISPR screening has been implemented in studies on cardiovascular research and related metabolic disorders, highlight the scientific progress utilizing CRISPR screening, and further envision how to fully unleash the power of this technique to expedite scientific discoveries in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihuan Shan
- National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry (Northeastern University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Teng Fei
- National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry (Northeastern University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
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18
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Li Y, Wu S, Zhao X, Hao S, Li F, Wang Y, Liu B, Zhang D, Wang Y, Zhou H. Key events in cancer: Dysregulation of SREBPs. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1130747. [PMID: 36969840 PMCID: PMC10030587 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1130747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism reprogramming is an important hallmark of tumor progression. Cancer cells require high levels of lipid synthesis and uptake not only to support their continued replication, invasion, metastasis, and survival but also to participate in the formation of biological membranes and signaling molecules. Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are core transcription factors that control lipid metabolism and the expression of important genes for lipid synthesis and uptake. A growing number of studies have shown that SREBPs are significantly upregulated in human cancers and serve as intermediaries providing a mechanistic link between lipid metabolism reprogramming and malignancy. Different subcellular localizations, including endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and nucleus, play an indispensable role in regulating the cleavage maturation and activity of SREBPs. In this review, we focus on the relationship between aberrant regulation of SREBPs activity in three organelles and tumor progression. Because blocking the regulation of lipid synthesis by SREBPs has gradually become an important part of tumor therapy, this review also summarizes and analyzes several current mainstream strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkuo Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shouwang Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiming Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Faping Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Difei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yishu Wang, Honglan Zhou,
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yishu Wang, Honglan Zhou,
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19
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Cheng Y, Manabe I, Hayakawa S, Endo Y, Oishi Y. Caspase-11 contributes to site-1 protease cleavage and SREBP1 activation in the inflammatory response of macrophages. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1009973. [PMID: 36776855 PMCID: PMC9912839 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1009973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are key transcription factors that control fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism. As the major SREBP isoform in macrophages, SREBP1a is also required for inflammatory and phagocytotic functions. However, it is insufficiently understood how SREBP1a is activated by the innate immune response in macrophages. Here, we show that mouse caspase-11 is a novel inflammatory activator of SREBP1a in macrophages. Upon LPS treatment, caspase-11 was found to promote the processing of site-1 protease (S1P), an enzyme that mediates the cleavage and activation of SREBP1. We also determined that caspase-11 directly associates with S1P and cleaves it at a specific site. Furthermore, deletion of the Casp4 gene, which encodes caspase-11, impaired the activation of S1P and SREBP1 as well as altered the expression of genes regulated by SREBP1 in macrophages. These results demonstrate that the caspase-11/S1P pathway activates SREBP1 in response to LPS, thus regulating subsequent macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Systems Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan,*Correspondence: Ichiro Manabe, ; Yumiko Oishi,
| | - Sumio Hayakawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Yumiko Oishi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Japan,*Correspondence: Ichiro Manabe, ; Yumiko Oishi,
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20
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Regular Exercise in Drosophila Prevents Age-Related Cardiac Dysfunction Caused by High Fat and Heart-Specific Knockdown of skd. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021216. [PMID: 36674733 PMCID: PMC9865808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Skuld (skd) is a subunit of the Mediator complex subunit complex. In the heart, skd controls systemic obesity, is involved in systemic energy metabolism, and is closely linked to cardiac function and aging. However, it is unclear whether the effect of cardiac skd on cardiac energy metabolism affects cardiac function. We found that cardiac-specific knockdown of skd showed impaired cardiac function, metabolic impairment, and premature aging. Drosophila was subjected to an exercise and high-fat diet (HFD) intervention to explore the effects of exercise on cardiac skd expression and cardiac function in HFD Drosophila. We found that Hand-Gal4>skd RNAi (KC) Drosophila had impaired cardiac function, metabolic impairment, and premature aging. Regular exercise significantly improved cardiac function and metabolism and delayed aging in HFD KC Drosophila. Thus, our study found that the effect of skd on cardiac energy metabolism in the heart affected cardiac function. Exercise may counteract age-related cardiac dysfunction and metabolic disturbances caused by HFD and heart-specific knockdown of skd. Skd may be a potential therapeutic target for heart disease.
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21
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Chromosome 12 Open Reading Frame 49 Promotes Tumor Growth and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 68:1306-1315. [PMID: 36348128 PMCID: PMC10102024 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Little is known about the role of chromosome 12 open reading frame 49 (C12ORF49)-induced metabolic signal transduction in tumor growth. We investigated the relationship between C12ORF49 expression and prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. METHODS C12ORF49 protein expression was measured in CRC tissues by Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining. Knock out of C12ORF49 in CRC cells was then performed, and the role of C12ORF49 in CRC cell proliferation and growth was examined. The expression of C12ORF49 in CRC was analyzed in Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) databases. A prognosis model with 11 C12ORF49-associated genes (CAGs) was generated by TCGA databases. RESULTS C12ORF49 expression was significantly higher in CRC tumor tissue than in non-tumor tissue. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo loss-of-function experiments, showed that C12ORF49 plays critical roles in promoting tumor cell growth. There was a significant correlation between C12ORF49 protein and the presence of tumor necrosis. C12ORF49 is critical for its interaction with SREBF1, TMEM41A, and S1PR3 in the poor prognosis of CRC. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that C12ORF49 plays a key role in CRC tumor growth.
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22
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Jiang SY, Yang X, Yang Z, Li JW, Xu MQ, Qu YX, Tang JJ, Li YF, Wang L, Shao YW, Meng XY, Hu H, Song BL, Rao Y, Qi W. Discovery of an insulin-induced gene binding compound that ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by inhibiting sterol regulatory element-binding protein-mediated lipogenesis. Hepatology 2022; 76:1466-1481. [PMID: 35102596 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS NASH is associated with high levels of cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) in the liver; however, there is still no approved pharmacological therapy. Synthesis of cholesterol and TG is controlled by sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP), which is found to be abnormally activated in NASH patients. We aim to discover small molecules for treating NASH by inhibiting the SREBP pathway. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we identify a potent SREBP inhibitor, 25-hydroxylanosterol (25-HL). 25-HL binds to insulin-induced gene (INSIG) proteins, stimulates the interaction between INSIG and SCAP, and retains them in the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby suppressing SREBP activation and inhibiting lipogenesis. In NASH mouse models, 25-HL lowers levels of cholesterol and TG in serum and the liver, enhances energy expenditure to prevent obesity, and improves insulin sensitivity. 25-HL dramatically ameliorates hepatic steatosis, inflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis through down-regulating the expression of lipogenic genes. Furthermore, 25-HL exhibits both prophylactic and therapeutic efficacies of alleviating NASH and atherosclerosis in amylin liver NASH model diet-treated Ldlr-/- mice, and reduces the formation of cholesterol crystals and associated crown-like structures of Kupffer cells. Notably, 25-HL lowers lipid contents in serum and the liver to a greater extent than lovastatin or obeticholic acid. 25-HL shows a good safety and pharmacokinetics profile. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the proof of concept that inhibiting SREBP activation by targeting INSIG to lower lipids could be a promising strategy for treating NASH. It suggests the translational potential of 25-HL in human NASH and demonstrates the critical role of SREBP-controlled lipogenesis in the progression of NASH by pharmacological inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-You Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Gene Editing Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinglin Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zimo Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue-Wan Li
- Gene Editing Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Qiang Xu
- Gene Editing Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xiu Qu
- Gene Editing Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Jie Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liguo Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Wen Shao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University Cheeloo Medical College, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,The Research Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shandong University Cheeloo Medical College, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University Cheeloo Medical College, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,The Research Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shandong University Cheeloo Medical College, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Huili Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University Cheeloo Medical College, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,The Research Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shandong University Cheeloo Medical College, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Rao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Qi
- Gene Editing Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Zhang W, Yang X, Li Y, Yu L, Zhang B, Zhang J, Cho WJ, Venkatarangan V, Chen L, Burugula BB, Bui S, Wang Y, Duan C, Kitzman JO, Li M. GCAF(TMEM251) regulates lysosome biogenesis by activating the mannose-6-phosphate pathway. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5351. [PMID: 36096887 PMCID: PMC9468337 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) biosynthetic pathway for lysosome biogenesis has been studied for decades and is considered a well-understood topic. However, whether this pathway is regulated remains an open question. In a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen, we discover TMEM251 as the first regulator of the M6P modification. Deleting TMEM251 causes mistargeting of most lysosomal enzymes due to their loss of M6P modification and accumulation of numerous undigested materials. We further demonstrate that TMEM251 localizes to the Golgi and is required for the cleavage and activity of GNPT, the enzyme that catalyzes M6P modification. In zebrafish, TMEM251 deletion leads to severe developmental defects including heart edema and skeletal dysplasia, which phenocopies Mucolipidosis Type II. Our discovery provides a mechanism for the newly discovered human disease caused by TMEM251 mutations. We name TMEM251 as GNPTAB cleavage and activity factor (GCAF) and its related disease as Mucolipidosis Type V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yingxiang Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Linchen Yu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Bokai Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jianchao Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Woo Jung Cho
- BRCF Microscopy Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Varsha Venkatarangan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Bala Bharathi Burugula
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sarah Bui
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Cunming Duan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jacob O Kitzman
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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24
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Hao Q, Wang Z, Wang L, Han M, Zhang M, Gao X. Isoleucine stimulates mTOR and SREBP-1c gene expression for milk synthesis in mammary epithelial cells through BRG1-mediated chromatin remodelling. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-11. [PMID: 35593529 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Several amino acids can stimulate milk synthesis in mammary epithelial cells (MEC); however, the regulatory role of isoleucine (Ile) and underlying molecular mechanism remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the regulatory effects of Ile on milk protein and fat synthesis in MEC and reveal the mediation mechanism of Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1) on this regulation. Ile dose dependently affected milk protein and fat synthesis, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) expression and maturation, and BRG1 protein expression in bovine MEC. Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibition by LY294002 treatment blocked the stimulation of Ile on BRG1 expression. BRG1 knockdown and gene activation experiments showed that it mediated the stimulation of Ile on milk protein and fat synthesis, mTOR phosphorylation, and SREBP-1c expression and maturation in MEC. ChIP-PCR analysis detected that BRG1 bound to the promoters of mTOR and SREBP-1c, and ChIP-qPCR further detected that these bindings were increased by Ile stimulation. In addition, BRG1 positively regulated the binding of H3K27ac to these two promoters, while it negatively affected the binding of H3K27me3 to these promoters. BRG1 knockdown blocked the stimulation of Ile on these two gene expressions. The expression of BRG1 was higher in mouse mammary gland in the lactating period, compared with that in the puberty or dry period. Taken together, these experimental data reveal that Ile stimulates milk protein and fat synthesis in MEC via the PI3K-BRG1-mTOR/SREBP-1c pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou434023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou434023, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Wang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou434023, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihong Han
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou434023, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou434023, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou434023, People's Republic of China
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25
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Pan J, Kwon JJ, Talamas JA, Borah AA, Vazquez F, Boehm JS, Tsherniak A, Zitnik M, McFarland JM, Hahn WC. Sparse dictionary learning recovers pleiotropy from human cell fitness screens. Cell Syst 2022; 13:286-303.e10. [PMID: 35085500 PMCID: PMC9035054 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In high-throughput functional genomic screens, each gene product is commonly assumed to exhibit a singular biological function within a defined protein complex or pathway. In practice, a single gene perturbation may induce multiple cascading functional outcomes, a genetic principle known as pleiotropy. Here, we model pleiotropy in fitness screen collections by representing each gene perturbation as the sum of multiple perturbations of biological functions, each harboring independent fitness effects inferred empirically from the data. Our approach (Webster) recovered pleiotropic functions for DNA damage proteins from genotoxic fitness screens, untangled distinct signaling pathways upstream of shared effector proteins from cancer cell fitness screens, and predicted the stoichiometry of an unknown protein complex subunit from fitness data alone. Modeling compound sensitivity profiles in terms of genetic functions recovered compound mechanisms of action. Our approach establishes a sparse approximation mechanism for unraveling complex genetic architectures underlying high-dimensional gene perturbation readouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Pan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jason J Kwon
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jessica A Talamas
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ashir A Borah
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Jesse S Boehm
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aviad Tsherniak
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marinka Zitnik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard University, Data Science Initiative, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - William C Hahn
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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26
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Shi Q, Chen J, Zou X, Tang X. Intracellular Cholesterol Synthesis and Transport. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:819281. [PMID: 35386193 PMCID: PMC8978673 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.819281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is related to multiple diseases in humans, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative and hepatic diseases. The cholesterol levels in cells are balanced dynamically by uptake, biosynthesis, transport, distribution, esterification, and export. In this review, we focus on de novo cholesterol synthesis, cholesterol synthesis regulation, and intracellular cholesterol trafficking. In addition, the progression of lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) at multiple contact sites between organelles is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Shi
- Center of Reproductive Medicine and Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiahuan Chen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaochun Tang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Chongqing Research Institute of Jilin University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaochun Tang,
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27
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Danyukova T, Schöneck K, Pohl S. Site-1 and site-2 proteases: A team of two in regulated proteolysis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119138. [PMID: 34619164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The site-1 and site-2 proteases (S1P and S2P) were identified over 20 years ago, and the functions of both have been addressed in numerous studies ever since. Whereas S1P processes a set of substrates independently of S2P, the latter acts in concert with S1P in a mechanism, called regulated intramembrane proteolysis, that controls lipid metabolism and response to unfolded proteins. This review summarizes the molecular roles that S1P and S2P jointly play in these processes. As S1P and S2P deficiencies mainly affect connective tissues, yet with varying phenotypes, we discuss the segregated functions of S1P and S2P in terms of cell homeostasis and maintenance of the connective tissues. In addition, we provide experimental data that point at S2P, but not S1P, as a critical regulator of cell adaptation to proteotoxicity or lipid imbalance. Therefore, we hypothesize that S2P can also function independently of S1P activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Danyukova
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Kenneth Schöneck
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Pohl
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Colardo M, Martella N, Pensabene D, Siteni S, Di Bartolomeo S, Pallottini V, Segatto M. Neurotrophins as Key Regulators of Cell Metabolism: Implications for Cholesterol Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5692. [PMID: 34073639 PMCID: PMC8198482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins constitute a family of growth factors initially characterized as predominant mediators of nervous system development, neuronal survival, regeneration and plasticity. Their biological activity is promoted by the binding of two different types of receptors, leading to the generation of multiple and variegated signaling cascades in the target cells. Increasing evidence indicates that neurotrophins are also emerging as crucial regulators of metabolic processes in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. In this context, it has been reported that neurotrophins affect redox balance, autophagy, glucose homeostasis and energy expenditure. Additionally, the trophic support provided by these secreted factors may involve the regulation of cholesterol metabolism. In this review, we examine the neurotrophins' signaling pathways and their effects on metabolism by critically discussing the most up-to-date information. In particular, we gather experimental evidence demonstrating the impact of these growth factors on cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Colardo
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy; (M.C.); (N.M.); (D.P.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Noemi Martella
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy; (M.C.); (N.M.); (D.P.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Daniele Pensabene
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy; (M.C.); (N.M.); (D.P.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Silvia Siteni
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Sabrina Di Bartolomeo
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy; (M.C.); (N.M.); (D.P.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Valentina Pallottini
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy;
- Neuroendocrinology Metabolism and Neuropharmacology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Segatto
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy; (M.C.); (N.M.); (D.P.); (S.D.B.)
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Sekine Y, Houston R, Sekine S. Cellular metabolic stress responses via organelles. Exp Cell Res 2021; 400:112515. [PMID: 33582095 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolite fluctuations following nutrient metabolism or environmental stresses impact various intracellular signaling networks and stress responses to maintain cellular and organismal homeostasis. It has been shown that subcellular organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes and mitochondria serve as crucial hubs linking alterations in metabolite levels to cellular responses. This role is coordinated by molecular machineries that are associated with the lipid membranes of organelles, which sense the fluctuations in specific metabolites and activate the appropriate signaling and effector molecules. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that membraneless organelles, such as the nucleolus and stress granules, are involved in the metabolic stress response. Metabolite-induced post-translational modifications appear to play an important role in this process. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of metabolite sensing and metabolite-mediated stress responses through membrane-bound and membraneless organelles in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sekine
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Ryan Houston
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shiori Sekine
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Vos DY, van de Sluis B. Function of the endolysosomal network in cholesterol homeostasis and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Mol Metab 2021; 50:101146. [PMID: 33348067 PMCID: PMC8324686 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), also known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, has become the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. In addition to hepatic accumulation of triglycerides, dysregulated cholesterol metabolism is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of MAFLD. Maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis is highly dependent on cellular cholesterol uptake and, subsequently, cholesterol transport to other membrane compartments, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Scope of review The endolysosomal network is key for regulating cellular homeostasis and adaptation, and emerging evidence has shown that the endolysosomal network is crucial to maintain metabolic homeostasis. In this review, we will summarize our current understanding of the role of the endolysosomal network in cholesterol homeostasis and its implications in MAFLD pathogenesis. Major conclusions Although multiple endolysosomal proteins have been identified in the regulation of cholesterol uptake, intracellular transport, and degradation, their physiological role is incompletely understood. Further research should elucidate their role in controlling metabolic homeostasis and development of fatty liver disease. The intracellular cholesterol transport is tightly regulated by the endocytic and lysosomal network. Dysfunction of the endolysosomal network affects hepatic lipid homeostasis. The endosomal sorting of lipoprotein receptors is precisely regulated and is not a bulk process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyonne Y Vos
- Department of Pediatrics, section Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Pediatrics, section Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Wang JQ, Lin ZC, Li LL, Zhang SF, Li WH, Liu W, Song BL, Luo J. SUMOylation of the ubiquitin ligase IDOL decreases LDL receptor levels and is reversed by SENP1. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100032. [PMID: 33154164 PMCID: PMC7948399 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible degrader of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (IDOL) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase mediating degradation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR). IDOL also controls its own stability through autoubiquitination, primarily at lysine 293. Whether IDOL may undergo other forms of posttranslational modification is unknown. In this study, we show that IDOL can be modified by small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 at the K293 residue at least. The SUMOylation of IDOL counteracts its ubiquitination and augments IDOL protein levels. SUMOylation and the associated increase of IDOL protein are effectively reversed by SUMO-specific peptidase 1 (SENP1) in an activity-dependent manner. We further demonstrate that SENP1 affects LDLR protein levels by modulating IDOL. Overexpression of SENP1 increases LDLR protein levels and enhances LDL uptake in cultured cells. On the contrary, loss of SENP1 lowers LDLR levels in an IDOL-dependent manner and reduces LDL endocytosis. Collectively, our results reveal SUMOylation as a new regulatory posttranslational modification of IDOL and suggest that SENP1 positively regulates the LDLR pathway via deSUMOylation of IDOL and may therefore be exploited for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Qiong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi-Cun Lin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang-Liang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Fang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Hui Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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