1
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Jeong H, Ali W, Zinck P, Souissi S, Lee JS. Toxicity of methylmercury in aquatic organisms and interaction with environmental factors and coexisting pollutants: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 943:173574. [PMID: 38823721 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Mercury is a hazardous heavy metal that is distributed worldwide in aquatic ecosystems. Methylmercury (MeHg) poses significant toxicity risks to aquatic organisms, primarily through bioaccumulation and biomagnification, due to its strong affinity for protein thiol groups, which results in negative effects even at low concentrations. MeHg exposure can cause various physiological changes, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, metabolic disorders, genetic damage, and immunotoxicity. To assess the risks of MeHg contamination in actual aquatic ecosystems, it is important to understand how MeHg interacts with environmental factors such as temperature, pH, dissolved organic matter, salinity, and other pollutants such as microplastics and organic compounds. Complex environmental conditions can cause potential toxicity, such as synergistic, antagonistic, and unchanged effects, of MeHg in aquatic organisms. This review focuses on demonstrating the toxic effects of single MeHg exposure and the interactive relationships between MeHg and surrounding environmental factors or pollutants on aquatic organisms. Our review also recommends further research on biological and molecular responses in aquatic organisms to better understand the potential toxicity of combinational exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haksoo Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Wajid Ali
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR-8187-LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Station Marine de Wimereux, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Zinck
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sami Souissi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR-8187-LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Station Marine de Wimereux, F-59000 Lille, France; Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; Operation Center for Enterprise Academia Networking, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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2
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Zhao Q, Han B, Peng C, Zhang N, Huang W, He G, Li JL. A promising future of metal-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes in medicinal chemistry: The emerging bioorganometallic antitumor agents. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38591229 DOI: 10.1002/med.22039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Metal complexes based on N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have emerged as promising broad-spectrum antitumor agents in bioorganometallic medicinal chemistry. In recent decades, studies on cytotoxic metal-NHC complexes have yielded numerous compounds exhibiting superior cytotoxicity compared to cisplatin. Although the molecular mechanisms of these anticancer complexes are not fully understood, some potential targets and modes of action have been identified. However, a comprehensive review of their biological mechanisms is currently absent. In general, apoptosis caused by metal-NHCs is common in tumor cells. They can cause a series of changes after entering cells, such as mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) variation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cytochrome c (cyt c) release, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, lysosome damage, and caspase activation, ultimately leading to apoptosis. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the influence of metal-NHCs on cancer cell apoptosis is crucial. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of recent advances in metal-NHC complexes that trigger apoptotic cell death via different apoptosis-related targets or signaling pathways, including B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2 family), p53, cyt c, ER stress, lysosome damage, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibition, and so forth. We also discuss the challenges, limitations, and future directions of metal-NHC complexes to elucidate their emerging application in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dermatology & Venerolog, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology & Venerolog, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Anti-Infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Zhang X, Wang J, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Gao J, Gu Z. Synthesizing biomaterials in living organisms. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8126-8164. [PMID: 37921625 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00999d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms fabricate biomacromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins by the self-assembly process. The research on the mechanism of biomacromolecule formation also inspires the exploration of in vivo synthesized biomaterials. By elaborate design, artificial building blocks or precursors can self-assemble or polymerize into functional biomaterials within living organisms. In recent decades, these so-called in vivo synthesized biomaterials have achieved extensive applications in cell-fate manipulation, disease theranostics, bioanalysis, cellular surface engineering, and tissue regeneration. In this review, we classify strategies for in vivo synthesis into non-covalent, covalent, and genetic types. The development of these approaches is based on the chemical principles of supramolecular chemistry and synthetic chemistry, biological cues such as enzymes and microenvironments, and the means of synthetic biology. By summarizing the design principles in detail, some insights into the challenges and opportunities in this field are provided to enlighten further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Junxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Zhimou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen Gu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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4
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Duan X, Tong Q, Fu C, Chen L. Lysosome-targeted fluorescent probes: Design mechanism and biological applications. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106832. [PMID: 37683542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
As an integral organelle in the eukaryote, the lysosome is the degradation center and metabolic signal center in living cells, and partakes in significant physiological processes such as autophagy, cell death and cellular senescence. Fluorescent probe has become a favorite tool for studying organelles and their chemical microenvironments because of its high specificity and non-destructive merits. Over recent years, it has been reported that increasingly new lysosome-targeted probes play a major role in the diagnosis and monitor of diseases, in particular cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In order to deepen the relevant research on lysosome, it is challenging and inevitability to design novel lysosomal targeting probes. This review first introduces the concepts of lysosome and its closely related biological activities, and then introduces the fluorescent probes for lysosome in detail according to different detection targets, including targeting mechanism, biological imaging, and application in diseases. Finally, we summarize the specific challenges and discuss the future development direction facing the current lysosome-targeted fluorescent probes. We hope that this review can help biologists grasp the application of fluorescent probes and broaden the research ideas of researchers targeting fluorescent probes so as to design more accurate and functional probes for application in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Duan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Tong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Oncology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Chengxiao Fu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
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5
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Laborde MRR, Larramendy ML, Soloneski S. Cytotoxic and genotoxic profiles of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin and its microformulation Karate® in CHO-K1 cells. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 891:503682. [PMID: 37770139 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and its microformulation Karate® (25 % a.i.) were analysed for its genotoxicity and cytotoxicity on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-cyt) and alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) bioassays were selected to test genotoxicity. Neutral red uptake (NRU), succinic dehydrogenase activity (MTT) and apoptogenic induction were employed for estimating cytotoxicity. Both compounds were analysed within a concentration range of 0.1-100 µg/mL. Only LCT produced a significant augment in the frequency of micronuclei (MNs) when the cultures were exposed to highest concentrations of 10 and 100 µg LCT/mL. A noticeable decrease in NDI was observed for cultures treated with LCT at 10 and 100 µg/mL. Karate® induced the inhibition of both the proportion of viable cells and succinic dehydrogenase activity and triggered apoptosis 24 h of exposition. Whilst an increased GDI in CHO-K1 cells was observed in the treatments with 1-100 µg Karate®/mL, the GDI was not modified in the treatments employing LCT at equivalent doses. SCGE showed that Karate® was more prone to induce genotoxic effects than LCT. Only 50 µg/mL of Karate® was able to increase apoptosis. Our results demonstrate the genomic instability and cytotoxic effects induced by this pyrethroid insecticide, confirming that LCT exposure can result in a severe drawback for the ecological equilibrium of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros R R Laborde
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nº 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Marcelo L Larramendy
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nº 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Sonia Soloneski
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nº 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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6
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Liu C, Wang X, Zhu H, Wang K, Yu M, Zhang Y, Su M, Rong X, Sheng W, Zhu B. Multifunctional Theranostic Probe Based on the Pim-1 Kinase Inhibitor with the Function of Tracking pH Fluctuations during Treatment. Anal Chem 2023; 95:11732-11740. [PMID: 37490364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Currently, kinase inhibitors have been applied in the diagnosis or treatment of cancer with their unique advantages. It is of great significance to develop some comprehensive theranostic reagents based on kinase inhibitors to improve the performance of reagents for biomedical applications. Besides, tracking changes in the intracellular environment (e.g., pH) during cancer development and drug delivery is also critical for cancer research and treatment. Therefore, it is an urgent desire to design some novel multifunctional reagents based on kinase inhibitor strategies that can trace changes in the microenvironment of cancer cells. In this paper, a multifunctional theranostic reagent based on Pim-1 kinase inhibitor 5-bromobenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid is proposed. The theranostic probe binds to tumor-specific Pim-1 kinase, releases strong fluorescence, and produces cytotoxicity, thus achieving cell screening and killing effects. Furthermore, the probe can specifically target lysosomes and sensitively respond to pH. It can be used to track the pH changes in the intracellular environment under conditions of autophagy and external stimulation, as a visual tool to monitor pH fluctuations during cancer treatment. In conclusion, this simple but multifunctional theranostic reagent proposed in this work is expected to provide a promising method for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Hanchuang Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Miaohui Yu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Meijun Su
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Xiaodi Rong
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Wenlong Sheng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
| | - Baocun Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
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7
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Tarricone G, Castagnola V, Mastronardi V, Cursi L, Debellis D, Ciobanu DZ, Armirotti A, Benfenati F, Boselli L, Pompa PP. Catalytic Bioswitch of Platinum Nanozymes: Mechanistic Insights of Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging in the Neurovascular Unit. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4660-4668. [PMID: 37155280 PMCID: PMC10214484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to be the cause of several neurovascular diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, since the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels can lead to cellular damage, blood-brain barrier leaking, and inflammatory pathways. Herein, we demonstrate the therapeutic potential of 5 nm platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) to effectively scavenge ROS in different cellular models of the neurovascular unit. We investigated the mechanism underlying the PtNP biological activities, analyzing the influence of the evolving biological environment during particle trafficking and disclosing a key role of the protein corona, which elicited an effective switch-off of the PtNP catalytic properties, promoting their selective in situ activity. Upon cellular internalization, the lysosomal environment switches on and boosts the enzyme-like activity of the PtNPs, acting as an intracellular "catalytic microreactor" exerting strong antioxidant functionalities. Significant ROS scavenging was observed in the neurovascular cellular models, with an interesting protective mechanism of the Pt-nanozymes along lysosomal-mitochondrial axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tarricone
- Nanobiointeractions
& Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genova, Via Dodecaneso
31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Valentina Castagnola
- Center
for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS
Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Valentina Mastronardi
- Nanobiointeractions
& Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cursi
- Nanobiointeractions
& Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Doriana Debellis
- Electron
Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di
Tecnologia (IIT), Via
Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Dinu Zinovie Ciobanu
- Analytical
Chemistry Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
(IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical
Chemistry Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
(IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center
for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS
Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Boselli
- Nanobiointeractions
& Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions
& Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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Yu BX, Zhang YH, Li CY, Xian JY, Li SJ, Huang WB, Huang LH, Sun XY. Cell Protection and Crystal Endocytosis Inhibition by Sulfated Laminaria Polysaccharides Against Nano-COM-Induced Oxidative Damage in Renal Epithelial Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:7816-7828. [PMID: 36872978 PMCID: PMC9979320 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: The damage to renal tubular epithelial cells is closely related to the formation of kidney stones. At present, research on drugs that can protect cells from damage remains limited. Methods: This study aims to explore the protective effects of four different sulfate groups (-OSO3 -) of Laminaria polysaccharides (SLPs) on human kidney proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells and determine the difference in the endocytosis of nano-sized calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals before and after protection. COM with a size of 230 ± 80 nm was used to damage HK-2 cells to establish a damage model. The protection capability of SLPs (LP0, SLP1, SLP2, and SLP3) with -OSO3 - contents of 0.73, 15, 23, and 31%, respectively, against COM crystal damage and the effect of SLPs on the endocytosis of COM crystals were studied. Results: Compared with that of the SLP-unprotected COM-injured group, the cell viability of the SLP-protected group was improved, healing capability was enhanced, cell morphology was restored, production of reactive oxygen species was reduced, mitochondrial membrane potential and lysosome integrity were increased, intracellular Ca2+ level and autophagy were decreased, cell mortality was reduced, and internalized COM crystals were lessened. The capability of SLPs to protect cells from damage and inhibit the endocytosis of crystals in cells enhanced with an increase in the -OSO3 - content of SLPs. Conclusions: SLPs with a high -OSO3 - content may become a potential green drug for preventing the formation of kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Xian Yu
- Department
of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory
of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Yi-Han Zhang
- Department
of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory
of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Chun-Yao Li
- Department
of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory
of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Jun-Yi Xian
- Department
of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory
of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Shu-Jue Li
- Department
of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory
of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Wei-Bo Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Ling-Hong Huang
- Department
of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory
of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Sun
- Department
of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory
of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
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9
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Zhang Z, Yang S, Dong B, Kong X, Tian M. Chameleon-Like Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring Interplays between Three Organelles and Reporting Cell Damage Processes through Dramatic Color Change. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2205026. [PMID: 36161769 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The in-depth study of the interplay and cooperation between multiple organelles is an important biological task. Single fluorescent probes for separate visualization of multiple organelles is a desirable molecular tool, but the construction of such a probe is extremely difficult owing to the lack of valid strategies. In this work, utilizing the reversible cyclization reaction and intermolecular π stacking mechanism, a robust fluorescent probe is constructed to discriminatively illuminate lipid droplets (LDs), mitochondria, and lysosomes with blue, green, and red emission colors, respectively. Using the probe, the interplays and cooperation between LDs, mitochondria, and lysosomes are successfully studied, and the critical roles of lysosomes and LDs during mitochondrial fission are successfully revealed. Furthermore, this unique probe reveals the sequential damage of mitochondria and lysosomes during apoptosis through the successive fading of green and red emission. Thereby, the probe enables the discrimination of health state, early apoptosis, and late apoptosis of cells with three different sets of fluorescent signals. Overall, the robust probe is a desirable molecular tool to reveal the interactions between the three organelles, and investigate cell apoptosis and relative areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Shuxian Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Baoli Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xiuqi Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Minggang Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P. R. China
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10
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Zhang Q, Shao J, Wang J, Gong XJ, Liu WX, Wang S, Zhang Y, Yang S, Zhang QS, Wei JX, Tian JL. Antitumor effects of new glycoconjugated Pt II agents dual-targeting GLUT1 and Pgp proteins. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:16082-16092. [PMID: 36178270 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02455a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel and highly efficient dual-targeting PtII system was designed to improve the drug delivery capacity and selectivity in cancer treatment. The dual-targeting monofunctional PtII complexes (1-8) having glycosylated pendants as tridentated ligand were achieved by introducing glycosylation modification in the thioaminocarbazone compounds with potential lysosomal targeting ability. The structures and stability of 1-8 were further established by various techniques. Molecular docking studies showed that 2 was efficiently docked into glucose transporters protein 1 (GLUT1) and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) proteins with the optimal CDocker-interaction-energy of -64.84 and -48.85 kcal mol-1. Complex 2 with higher protein binding capacity demonstrated significant and broad-spectrum antitumor efficacy in vitro, even exhibiting a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value (∼10 μM) than cisplatin (∼17 μM) against human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549). The inhibitor experiment revealed GLUT-mediated uptake of 2, and the subcellular localization experiment in A549 also proved that 2 could be localized in the lysosome, thereby causing cell apoptosis. Moreover, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) confirmed the binding of 2 with the target proteins of GLUT1 and Pgp. The above results indicated that 2 represents a potential anticancer candidate with dual-targeting functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Jia Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, PR China. .,National Health Commission's Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Jin Wang
- Outpatient Office, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Xian-Jin Gong
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Wei-Xing Liu
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, PR China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, PR China. .,National Health Commission's Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Quan-Sheng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Jin-Xia Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
| | - Jin-Lei Tian
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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11
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Diao Q, Du H, Zhao N, Wu Y, Du X, Sun Y, Zhou Y, Cao Z. Cathepsin C (CTSC) contributes to the antibacterial immunity in golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:316-326. [PMID: 35952999 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsins, as a class of protein hydrolases, are widely found in the lysosomes of many tissues and play an essential role in various physiological activities. Cathepsin C (CTSC), a lysosomal cysteine protease, is an essential component of the lysosomal hydrolase family. In this study, we identified a CTSC from Trachinotus ovatus (TroCTSC) and analyzed its function. TroCTSC contained an ORF of 1368 bp and encoded 455 amino acids, which included three conserved catalytically active sites (Cys251, His397, and Asn419). It shares high homology (69.47%-90.77%) with the other known CTSC sequences of teleosts, which was most closely related to Seriola dumerili. TroCTSC was most abundant in the muscle, liver, and head kidney. After Vibrio harveyi infection, the expression levels of TroCTSC in liver, spleen, and head kidney were significantly up-regulated. TroCTSC was found in the cytoplasm with some of which were co-located with the lysosome. After V. harveyi stimulation, TroCTSC was translocated to nucleus in golden pompano snout (GPS) cells. In vitro, results revealed that the optimal hydrolase activity of the recombinant protein, rTroCTSC, was at 40 °C and pH 5.5. The activity of rTroCTSC was promoted by Zn2+ and Ca2+ but inhibited by Fe2+ and Cu2+. However, three mutant proteins, rTroCTSC-C251A, rTroCTSC-H397A, rTroCTSC-N419A, were dramatically reduced the proteolytic activity. Furthermore, in vivo results showed that overexpression of TroCTSC could significantly enhance body's ability to resist V. harveyi and promote the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). In contrast, the interference of TroCTSC expression induced a significant increase in the number of bacteria after V. harveyi infection. Our results suggested that TroCTSC was an essential effector of the innate immune system and played a pivotal role in antibacterial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Hehe Du
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Na Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Ying Wu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Yun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China.
| | - Yongcan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China.
| | - Zhenjie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
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12
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Zhan M, Wen L, Zhu M, Gong J, Xi C, Wen H, Xu G, Shen H. Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals Molecular Responses in Eriocheir sinensis with Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1267. [PMID: 36138745 PMCID: PMC9495758 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (HPND) is a highly lethal disease that first emerged in 2015 in Jiangsu Province, China. So far, most researchers believe that this disease is caused by abiotic factors. However, its true pathogenic mechanism remains unknown. In this study, the effects of HPND on the metabolism and other biological indicators of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) were evaluated by integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics. Our findings demonstrate that the innate immunity, antioxidant activity, detoxification ability, and nervous system of the diseased crabs were affected. Additionally, metabolic pathways such as lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and protein metabolism were dysregulated, and energy production was slightly increased. Moreover, the IL-17 signaling pathway was activated and high levels of autophagy and apoptosis occurred in diseased crabs, which may be related to hepatopancreas damage. The abnormal mitochondrial function and possible anaerobic metabolism observed in our study suggested that functional hypoxia may be involved in HPND progression. Furthermore, the activities of carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase were significantly inhibited, indicating that the diseased crabs were likely stressed by pesticides such as pyrethroids. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms altered in diseased crabs, as well as the etiology and pathogenic mechanisms of HPND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Lujie Wen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Mengru Zhu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jie Gong
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Changjun Xi
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Haibo Wen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Huaishun Shen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
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13
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Drobny A, Prieto Huarcaya S, Dobert J, Kluge A, Bunk J, Schlothauer T, Zunke F. The role of lysosomal cathepsins in neurodegeneration: Mechanistic insights, diagnostic potential and therapeutic approaches. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119243. [PMID: 35217144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are ubiquitous organelles with a fundamental role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by mediating degradation and recycling processes. Cathepsins are the most abundant lysosomal hydrolyses and are responsible for the bulk degradation of various substrates. A correct autophagic function is essential for neuronal survival, as most neurons are post-mitotic and thus susceptible to accumulate cellular components. Increasing evidence suggests a crucial role of the lysosome in neurodegeneration as a key regulator of aggregation-prone and disease-associated proteins, such as α-synuclein, β-amyloid and huntingtin. Particularly, alterations in lysosomal cathepsins CTSD, CTSB and CTSL can contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases as seen for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, synucleinopathies (Parkinson's disease, Dementia with Lewy Body and Multiple System Atrophy) as well as Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. In this review, we provide an overview of recent evidence implicating CTSD, CTSB and CTSL in neurodegeneration, with a special focus on the role of these enzymes in α-synuclein metabolism. In addition, we summarize the potential role of lysosomal cathepsins as clinical biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases and discuss potential therapeutic approaches by targeting lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Drobny
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Jan Dobert
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annika Kluge
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Josina Bunk
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Friederike Zunke
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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14
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Li Z, Liu Z, Luo M, Li X, Chen H, Gong S, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Liu H, Li X. The pathological role of damaged organelles in renal tubular epithelial cells in the progression of acute kidney injury. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:239. [PMID: 35501332 PMCID: PMC9061711 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of AKI has not been fully elucidated, with a lack of effective treatment. Renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) play an important role in AKI, and their damage and repair largely determine the progression and prognosis of AKI. In recent decades, it has been found that the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, and other organelles in TECs are damaged to varying degrees in AKI, and that they can influence each other through various signaling mechanisms that affect the recovery of TECs. However, the association between these multifaceted signaling platforms, particularly between mitochondria and lysosomes during AKI remains unclear. This review summarizes the specific pathophysiological mechanisms of the main TECs organelles in the context of AKI, particularly the potential interactions among them, in order to provide insights into possible novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixian Li
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Zejian Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Mianna Luo
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Huixia Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Siqiao Gong
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Minjie Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Yaozhi Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
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15
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Hallaji Z, Bagheri Z, Oroujlo M, Nemati M, Tavassoli Z, Ranjbar B. An insight into the potentials of carbon dots for in vitro live-cell imaging: recent progress, challenges, and prospects. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:190. [PMID: 35419708 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a strong alternative to conventional fluorescent probes for cell imaging due to their brightness, photostability, tunable fluorescence emission, low toxicity, inexpensive preparation, and chemical diversity. Improving the targeting efficiency by modulation of the surface functional groups and understanding the mechanisms of targeted imaging are the most challenging issues in cell imaging by CDs. Firstly, we briefly discuss important features of fluorescent CDs for live-cell imaging application in this review. Then, the newest modulated CDs for targeted live-cell imaging of whole-cell, cell organelles, pH, ions, small molecules, and proteins are elaborately discussed, and their challenges in these fields are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hallaji
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Bagheri
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Oroujlo
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Nemati
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Tavassoli
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bijan Ranjbar
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Liu H, Guo J, Aryee AA, Hua L, Sun Y, Li Z, Liu J, Tang W. Lighting up Individual Organelles With Fluorescent Carbon Dots. Front Chem 2021; 9:784851. [PMID: 34900943 PMCID: PMC8660688 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.784851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell organelles play crucial roles in the normal functioning of an organism, therefore the disruption of their operation is associated with diseases and in some cases death. Thus, the detection and monitoring of the activities within these organelles are of great importance. Several probes based on graphene oxide, small molecules, and other nanomaterials have been developed for targeting specific organelles. Among these materials, organelle-targeted fluorescent probes based on carbon dots have attracted substantial attention in recent years owing to their superior characteristics, which include facile synthesis, good photostability, low cytotoxicity, and high selectivity. The ability of these probes to target specific organelles enables researchers to obtain valuable information for understanding the processes involved in their functions and/or malfunctions and may also aid in effective targeted drug delivery. This review highlights recently reported organelle-specific fluorescent probes based on carbon dots. The precursors of these carbon dots are also discussed because studies have shown that many of the intrinsic properties of these probes originate from the precursor used. An overview of the functions of the discussed organelles, the types of probes used, and their advantages and limitations are also provided. Organelles such as the mitochondria, nucleus, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum have been the central focus of research to date, whereas the Golgi body, centrosome, vesicles, and others have received comparatively little attention. It is therefore the hope of the authors that further studies will be conducted in an effort to design probes with the ability to localize within these less studied organelles so as to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Liu
- Precision Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiancheng Guo
- Precision Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Linlin Hua
- Precision Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanqiang Sun
- College of Chemistry of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- College of Chemistry of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Precision Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenxue Tang
- Precision Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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17
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Sun YH, Han HH, Huang JM, Li J, Zang Y, Wang CY. A long-wavelength fluorescent probe with a large Stokes shift for lysosome-targeted imaging of Cys and GSH. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 261:120055. [PMID: 34153552 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biothiols including cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH) are biological signaling molecules responsible for cell detoxification, cell metabolism and neutralization of reactive oxygen species. Here, we synthesized a long-wavelength fluorescent probe, DCIMA, for lysosome-targeted imaging of Cys and GSH in living cells. DCIMA is consisted of a dicyanoisophorone core modified with an acrylate group for biothiol detection through the Michael addition reaction and a morpholine group as the lysosome-targeting agent. The presence of the electron-donating morpholine group also enhances the intramolecular charge transfer mechanism of the probe, thereby enabling its long-wavelength fluorescence emission (670 nm) and large Stokes shift (180 nm). In concentration range of 0-30 μM, the probe was determined to react quickly with both Cys and GSH with low detection limits (<5 min, 35.2 nM for GSH and 34.8 nM for Cys) and achieve the sensitive fluorescence imaging of the biothiols located in the lysosomes of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Hai-Hao Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shoujing Rd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jia-Min Huang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shoujing Rd., Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yi Zang
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shoujing Rd., Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Cheng-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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18
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Hu P, Li H, Sun W, Wang H, Yu X, Qing Y, Wang Z, Zhu M, Xu J, Guo Q, Hui H. Cholesterol-associated lysosomal disorder triggers cell death of hematological malignancy: Dynamic analysis on cytotoxic effects of LW-218. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3178-3192. [PMID: 34729308 PMCID: PMC8546890 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of lysosomes is of vital importance to survival of tumor cells. We demonstrated that LW-218, a synthetic flavonoid, induced rapid lysosomal enlargement accompanied with lysosomal membrane permeabilization in hematological malignancy. LW-218-induced lysosomal damage and lysosome-dependent cell death were mediated by cathepsin D, as the lysosomal damage and cell apoptosis could be suppressed by depletion of cathepsin D or lysosome alkalization agents, which can alter the activity of cathepsins. Lysophagy, was initiated for cell self-rescue after LW-218 treatment and correlated with calcium release and nuclei translocation of transcription factor EB. LW-218 treatment enhanced the expression of autophagy-related genes which could be inhibited by intracellular calcium chelator. Sustained exposure to LW-218 exhausted the lysosomal capacity so as to repress the normal autophagy. LW-218-induced enlargement and damage of lysosomes were triggered by abnormal cholesterol deposition on lysosome membrane which caused by interaction between LW-218 and NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1. Moreover, LW-218 inhibited the leukemia cell growth in vivo. Thus, the necessary impact of integral lysosomal function in cell rescue and death were illustrated.
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Key Words
- AO, acridine orange
- ATG, autophagy related
- BAF A1, bafilomycin A1
- BID, BH3-interacting domain death agonist
- CCK8, Cell Counting Kit
- CTSB, cathepsin B
- CTSD, cathepsin D
- CaN, calcineurin
- Cathepsin D
- Cholesterol
- CsA, cyclosporine A
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride
- DCFH-DA, 2,7-dichlorodi-hydrofluorescein diacetate
- Dex, dexamethasone
- EGTA, ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- Hematological malignancies
- K48, lysine 48
- K63, lysine 63
- LAMPs, lysosomal-associated membrane proteins
- LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- LCD, lysosome-dependent cell death
- LMP, lysosome membrane permeabilization
- LW-218
- Lysophagy
- Lysosomal damage
- Lysosomal membrane permeabilization
- Lysosome-dependent cell death
- NH4Cl, ammonium chloride
- NPC, Niemann-Pick type disease C
- NPC1, NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1
- OD, optical density
- P62/SQSTM1, sequestosome 1
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- RAB7A, RAS-related protein RAB-7a
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RT-qPCR, real time quantitative PCR
- TFEB, transcription factor EB
- TRPML1, transient receptor potential mucolipin 1
- shRNA, short hairpin RNA
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19
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Yue J, Shen Y, Liang C, Shi W, Xu W, Xu S. Investigating Lysosomal Autophagy via Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13038-13044. [PMID: 34519497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a critical role in many vitally important physiological and pathological processes, such as the removal of damaged and aged organelles and redundant proteins. Although autophagy is mainly a protective process for cells, it can also cause cell death. In this study, we employed in situ and ex situ surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopies to obtain chemical information of lysosomes of HepG2 cells. Results reveal that the SERS profiles of the isolated lysosomes are different from the in situ spectra, indicating that lysosomes lie in different microenvironments in these two cases. We further investigated the molecular changes of isolated lysosomes according to the autophagy induced by starvation via ex situ SERS. During autophagy, the conformation of proteins and the structures of lipids have been affected, and autophagy-related molecular evidence is given for the first time in the living lysosomes. We expect that this study will provide a reference for understanding the cell autophagy mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yanting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chongyang Liang
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Lab for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shuping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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20
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Albumin-EDTA-Vanadium Is a Powerful Anti-Proliferative Agent, Following Entrance into Glioma Cells via Caveolae-Mediated Endocytosis. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101557. [PMID: 34683850 PMCID: PMC8540012 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is efficiently taken up by cancer cells as a source of carbon and energy. In this study, we prepared a monomodified derivative of HSA covalently linked to an EDTA derivative and investigated its efficacy to shuttle weakly anti-proliferative EDTA associating ligands such as vanadium, into a cancer cell line. HSA-S-MAL-(CH2)2-NH-CO-EDTA was found to associate both with the vanadium anion (+5) and the vanadium cation (+4) with more than thrice the associating affinity of those ligands toward EDTA. Both conjugates internalized into glioma tumor cell line via caveolae-mediated endocytosis pathway and showed potent anti-proliferative capacities. IC50 values were in the range of 0.2 to 0.3 µM, potentiating the anti-proliferative efficacies of vanadium (+4) and vanadium (+5) twenty to thirty fold, respectively. HSA-EDTA-VO++ in particular is a cancer permeable prodrug conjugate. The associated vanadium (+4) is not released, nor is it active anti-proliferatively prior to its engagement with the cancerous cells. The bound vanadium (+4) dissociates from the conjugate under acidic conditions with half maximal value at pH 5.8. In conclusion, the anti-proliferative activity feature of vanadium can be amplified and directed toward a cancer cell line. This is accomplished using a specially designed HSA-EDTA-shuttling vehicle, enabling vanadium to be anti-proliferatively active at the low micromolar range of concentration.
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Allemailem KS, Almatroudi A, Alrumaihi F, Almatroodi SA, Alkurbi MO, Basfar GT, Rahmani AH, Khan AA. Novel Approaches of Dysregulating Lysosome Functions in Cancer Cells by Specific Drugs and Its Nanoformulations: A Smart Approach of Modern Therapeutics. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5065-5098. [PMID: 34345172 PMCID: PMC8324981 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s321343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The smart strategy of cancer cells to bypass the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway has led to the discovery of novel anti-cancer approaches including the targeting of lysosomes. Recent discoveries observed that lysosomes perform far beyond just recycling of cellular waste, as these organelles are metabolically very active and mediate several signalling pathways to sense the cellular metabolic status. These organelles also play a significant role in mediating the immune system functions. Thus, direct or indirect lysosome-targeting with different drugs can be considered a novel therapeutic approach in different disease including cancer. Recently, some anticancer lysosomotropic drugs (eg, nortriptyline, siramesine, desipramine) and their nanoformulations have been engineered to specifically accumulate within these organelles. These drugs can enhance lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP) or disrupt the activity of resident enzymes and protein complexes, like v-ATPase and mTORC1. Other anticancer drugs like doxorubicin, quinacrine, chloroquine and DQ661 have also been used which act through multi-target points. In addition, autophagy inhibitors, ferroptosis inducers and fluorescent probes have also been used as novel theranostic agents. Several lysosome-specific drug nanoformulations like mixed charge and peptide conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), Au-ZnO hybrid NPs, TPP-PEG-biotin NPs, octadecyl-rhodamine-B and cationic liposomes, etc. have been synthesized by diverse methods. These nanoformulations can target cathepsins, glucose-regulated protein 78, or other lysosome specific proteins in different cancers. The specific targeting of cancer cell lysosomes with drug nanoformulations is quite recent and faces tremendous challenges like toxicity concerns to normal tissues, which may be resolved in future research. The anticancer applications of these nanoformulations have led them up to various stages of clinical trials. Here in this review article, we present the recent updates about the lysosome ultrastructure, its cross-talk with other organelles, and the novel strategies of targeting this organelle in tumor cells as a recent innovative approach of cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad O Alkurbi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaiyda Talal Basfar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Sun Y, Sun J, Yang Y, Lan Y, Ip JCH, Wong WC, Kwan YH, Zhang Y, Han Z, Qiu JW, Qian PY. Genomic signatures supporting the symbiosis and formation of chitinous tube in the deep-sea tubeworm Paraescarpia echinospica. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:4116-4134. [PMID: 34255082 PMCID: PMC8476170 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vestimentiferan tubeworms are iconic animals that present as large habitat-forming chitinized tube bushes in deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems. They are gutless and depend entirely on their endosymbiotic sulfide-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacteria for nutrition. Information on the genomes of several siboglinid endosymbionts has improved our understanding of their nutritional supplies. However, the interactions between tubeworms and their endosymbionts remain largely unclear due to a paucity of host genomes. Here, we report the chromosome-level genome of the vestimentiferan tubeworm Paraescarpia echinospica. We found that the genome has been remodeled to facilitate symbiosis through the expansion of gene families related to substrate transfer and innate immunity, suppression of apoptosis, regulation of lysosomal digestion, and protection against oxidative stress. Furthermore, the genome encodes a programmed cell death pathway that potentially controls the endosymbiont population. Our integrated genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses uncovered matrix proteins required for the formation of the chitinous tube and revealed gene family expansion and co-option as evolutionary mechanisms driving the acquisition of this unique supporting structure for deep-sea tubeworms. Overall, our study provides novel insights into the host’s support system that has enabled tubeworms to establish symbiosis, thrive in deep-sea hot vents and cold seeps, and produce the unique chitinous tubes in the deep sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Lan
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jack Chi-Ho Ip
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Chuen Wong
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yick Hang Kwan
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhuang Han
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Corresponding authors: E-mails: ;
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Corresponding authors: E-mails: ;
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Chen XC, Li ZH, Yang C, Tang JX, Lan HY, Liu HF. Lysosome Depletion-Triggered Autophagy Impairment in Progressive Kidney Injury. KIDNEY DISEASES 2021; 7:254-267. [PMID: 34395541 DOI: 10.1159/000515035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Macroautophagy (autophagy) is a cellular recycling process involving the destruction of damaged organelles and proteins in intracellular lysosomes for efficient nutrient reuse. Summary Impairment of the autophagy-lysosome pathway is tightly associated with multiple kidney diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, proteinuric kidney disease, acute kidney injury, crystalline nephropathy, and drug- and heavy metal-induced renal injury. The impairment in the process of autophagic clearance may induce injury in renal intrinsic cells by activating the inflammasome, inducing cell cycle arrest, and cell death. The lysosome depletion may be a key mechanism triggering this process. In this review, we discuss this pathway and summarize the protective mechanisms for restoration of lysosome function and autophagic flux via the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery, lysophagy, and transcription factor EB-mediated lysosome biogenesis. Key Message Further exploring mechanisms of ESCRT, lysophagy, and lysosome biogenesis may provide novel therapy strategies for the management of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhi-Hang Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ji-Xin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Different types of cell death in vascular diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4687-4702. [PMID: 34013393 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In a mature organism, tissue homeostasis is regulated by cell division and cell demise as the two major physiological procedures. There is increasing evidence that deregulation of these processes is important in the pathogenicity of main diseases, including myocardial infarction, stroke, atherosclerosis, and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, there are ongoing efforts to discover modulating factors of the cell cycle and cell demise planners aiming at shaping innovative therapeutically modalities to the therapy of such diseases. Although the life of a cell is terminated by several modes of action, a few cell deaths exist-some of which resemble apoptosis and/or necrosis, and most of them are different from one another-that contribute to a wide range of functions to either support or disrupt the homoeostasis. Even in normal physiological conditions, cell life is severe within the cardiovascular system. Cells are persistently undergoing stretch, contraction, injurious metabolic byproducts, and hemodynamic forces, and a few of cells sustain decade-long lifetimes. The duration of vascular disease causes further exposure of vascular cells to a novel range of offences, most of which induce cell death. There is growing evidence on consequences of direct damage to a cell, as well as on responses of adjacent and infiltrating cells, which also have an effect on the pathology. In this study, by focusing on different pathways of cell death in different vascular diseases, an attempt is made to open a new perspective on the therapeutic goals associated with cell death in these diseases.
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Chiovatto ACL, de Godoi AVO, Zanardi-Lamardo E, Duarte FA, DelValls TÁ, Pereira CDS, Castro ÍB. Effects of substances released from a coal tar-based coating used to protect harbor structures on oysters. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 166:112221. [PMID: 33684704 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Products coal tar-based are largely used as concrete structures as protective coatings but some questions about leaching and potential toxic effects remain unclear. A laboratory experiment exposing oysters to miniaturized concrete pillars painted with Lackpoxi N1761 over time was performed and trace elements and 17 PAH were monitored in seawater exposure media, and oyster tissues. The original paint composition was also analyzed, and high concentrations of trace elements and PAH were detected. Sharp increases in PAH concentrations were observed after 6-96 h in exposure media and oyster tissues, suggesting that these compounds were leached from the painted structures. In parallel, the integrity of the hemocytes lysosomal membranes of exposed organisms has been damaged. Based on the response of this biomarker, the use of Lackpoxi N1761 is potentially harmful to the environment and it is required that coal tar-based paints be evaluated according to the environmental risk assessment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eliete Zanardi-Lamardo
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fabio Andrei Duarte
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tomás Ángel DelValls
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Camilo Dias Seabra Pereira
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Transcriptomic analysis of Procambarus clarkii affected by "Black May" disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21225. [PMID: 33277587 PMCID: PMC7719172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Each year from April to May, high mortality rates are reported in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) cultured in Jiangsu and other regions, in China, and this phenomenon has come to be known as “Black May” disease (BMD). Therefore, in order to investigate the possible causes of this disease, this study gathered BMD-affected P. clarkii samples and performed transcriptome analysis on hepatopancreas, gill, and muscle tissues. A total of 19,995,164, 149,212,804, and 222,053,848 clean reads were respectively obtained from the gills, muscle, and hepatopancreas of BMD-affected P. clarkii, and 114,024 unigenes were identified. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in gill, muscle, and hepatopancreas was 1703, 964, and 476, respectively. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the DEGs were then conducted. Based on KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, the most significantly differentially expressed pathways were mainly those involved with metabolism, human disease, and cellular processes. Further analysis of the significantly DEGs revealed that they were mainly related to the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway and that the expression of these DEGs was mostly down-regulated. Moreover, the expression of genes related to immune and metabolism-related pathways was also significantly down-regulated, and these significantly-inhibited pathways were the likely causes of P. clarkii death. Therefore, our results provide a basis for the identification of BMD causes.
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Gąsiorkiewicz BM, Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk P, Piska K, Pękala E. Autophagy modulating agents as chemosensitizers for cisplatin therapy in cancer. Invest New Drugs 2020; 39:538-563. [PMID: 33159673 PMCID: PMC7960624 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-01032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although cisplatin is one of the most common antineoplastic drug, its successful utilisation in cancer treatment is limited by the drug resistance. Multiple attempts have been made to find potential cisplatin chemosensitisers which would overcome cancer cells resistance thus improving antineoplastic efficacy. Autophagy modulation has become an important area of interest regarding the aforementioned topic. Autophagy is a highly conservative cellular self-digestive process implicated in response to multiple environmental stressors. The high basal level of autophagy is a common phenomenon in cisplatin-resistant cancer cells which is thought to grant survival benefit. However current evidence supports the role of autophagy in either promoting or limiting carcinogenesis depending on the context. This encourages the search of substances modulating the process to alleviate cisplatin resistance. Such a strategy encompasses not only simple autophagy inhibition but also harnessing the process to induce autophagy-dependent cell death. In this paper, we briefly describe the mechanism of cisplatin resistance with a special emphasis on autophagy and we give an extensive literature review of potential substances with cisplatin chemosensitising properties related to autophagy modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Mateusz Gąsiorkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Piska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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28
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Plane Animation Simulation of the Interaction between Carbon Nanomaterials and Cell Lysosomes. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/1980826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the continuous development of cell dynamics, Raman scattering has become more and more common in the application of cell imaging and dynamic changes in chemical substances. This research mainly discusses the plane animation simulation process of the interaction between carbon nanomaterials and cell lysosomes. Twenty parallel HeLa cells were seeded on 40 mm imaging scaffolds. The 15% bovine placental serum cell culture cells are placed in a thermostat for 12 hours at a CO2 concentration of 6%. After washing 4 times, 20 μL of the dual control system is added to the confocal dish, and cycle optimization culture is performed at 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours. It is incubated for 10 hours, 20 hours, and 30 hours (35°C, 6% CO2). Next, the HeLa cells were taken out and seeded on three 30 mm confocal cell culture dishes. CCl4 is added to the initial confocal Petri dish. After heating for 30 minutes, the nanoparticle system is added to the two confocal Petri dishes and circulated within an appropriate time. After washing with PBS, the SERS signal in the cells was imaged with a laser confocal Raman microscope, and the excitation channels were GFP 475 and Cy3 channels. LysoTrackerRed (2p μM) was used for local experiments of cell isotope. Deoxygen (2p μM) was used to induce cell death, and the pH changes in lysosomes in cells were imaged in real time with a confocal microscope. Two distinct peaks in the Raman spectrum were observed at 1246 cm−1 and 1543 cm−1. The research results show that the carbon nanomaterial synthesized by a simple method at room temperature has high stability and is suitable for analysis and detection of imaging with cells as the target.
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29
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Zhu SY, Yao RQ, Li YX, Zhao PY, Ren C, Du XH, Yao YM. Lysosomal quality control of cell fate: a novel therapeutic target for human diseases. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:817. [PMID: 32999282 PMCID: PMC7528093 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, lysosomes are digestive centers where biological macromolecules are degraded by phagocytosis and autophagy, thereby maintaining cellular self-renewal capacity and energy supply. Lysosomes also serve as signaling hubs to monitor the intracellular levels of nutrients and energy by acting as platforms for the assembly of multiple signaling pathways, such as mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The structural integrity and functional balance of lysosomes are essential for cell function and viability. In fact, lysosomal damage not only disrupts intracellular clearance but also results in the leakage of multiple contents, which pose great threats to the cell by triggering cell death pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. The collapse of lysosomal homeostasis is reportedly critical for the pathogenesis and development of various diseases, such as tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory diseases. Lysosomal quality control (LQC), comprising lysosomal repair, lysophagy, and lysosomal regeneration, is rapidly initiated in response to lysosomal damage to maintain lysosomal structural integrity and functional homeostasis. LQC may be a novel but pivotal target for disease treatment because of its indispensable role in maintaining intracellular homeostasis and cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yu Zhu
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center and Medical Innovation Research Division of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100048, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Qi Yao
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center and Medical Innovation Research Division of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100048, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Yue Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ren
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center and Medical Innovation Research Division of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100048, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Hui Du
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center and Medical Innovation Research Division of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100048, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Li C, Hu W, Wang J, Song X, Xiong X, Liu Z. A highly specific probe for the imaging of inflammation-induced endogenous nitric oxide produced during the stroke process. Analyst 2020; 145:6125-6129. [PMID: 32851996 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00824a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a turn-on two-photon fluorescent probe (Lyso-TP-NO) for nitric oxide (NO) was developed. It was synthesized using 4-ethylamino-1,8-naphthalimide as the two-photon fluorophore and N-methylaniline moiety as the reaction site. The probe and fluorophore were tested under one- and two-photon modes. The fluorescence intensity of the system was enhanced 23.1-fold after reacting with NO in the one-photon mode. However, the maximal two-photon action cross-section value of 200 GM was obtained under excitation at 840 nm. The probe exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity over other reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), with a detection limit as low as 3.3 nM. The two-photon fluorescence imaging of living cells and mouse brain tissues can capture inflammation-induced endogenous NO production in lysosomes during stroke occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China.
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Luo X, Li Y, Yang P, Chen Y, Wei L, Yu T, Xia J, Ruan XZ, Zhao L, Chen Y. Obesity induces preadipocyte CD36 expression promoting inflammation via the disruption of lysosomal calcium homeostasis and lysosome function. EBioMedicine 2020; 56:102797. [PMID: 32516742 PMCID: PMC7281849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preadipocyte is closely related to obesity-induced inflammation. The impairment of autophagic flux by defective lysosomal function has been observed in adipose tissue from obese mice. While the fatty acid translocase CD36 is an important immuno-metabolic receptor, it remains unclear whether preadipocyte CD36 is involved in adipose tissue inflammation and whether CD36 regulates lysosomal function. Methods Using visceral adipose tissue from obese patients, a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice model, primary mouse preadipocytes and 3T3L1 cells we analyzed whether and how preadipocyte CD36 modulates lysosomal function and adipose tissue inflammation. Findings CD36 expression in preadipocytes is induced in obese patients and HFD-fed mice, accompanied with the disruption of lysosome function. CD36 knockout protects primary preadipocytes of HFD-fed mice from lysosomal impairment. In vitro, CD36 interacts with Fyn to phosphorylate and activate Inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1), causing excess calcium transport from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to lysosome, which results in lysosomal impairment and inflammation. Moreover, IP3R inhibitor 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2APB) attenuates lysosomal impairment, inflammation and lipid accumulation in CD36-overexpressing preadipocytes. Interpretation Our data support that the abnormal upregulation of CD36 in preadipocytes may contribute to the development of adipose tissue inflammation. CD36/Fyn/IP3R1-mediated lysosomal calcium overload leads to lysosomal impairment and inflammation in preadipocyte. Thus targeting improving lysosomal calcium homeostasis may represent a novel strategy for treating obesity-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Luo
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Medical Examination Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wei
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiong Z Ruan
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Hanghai, China; John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Zhao
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yaxi Chen
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Guo S, Sun Y, Geng X, Yang R, Xiao L, Qu L, Li Z. Intrinsic lysosomal targeting fluorescent carbon dots with ultrastability for long-term lysosome imaging. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:736-742. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02043h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic lysosomal targeting carbon dots were synthesized with ultrastability for long-term lysosome imaging of living cells and drug-induced apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Guo
- College of Chemistry
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanqiang Sun
- College of Chemistry
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Geng
- College of Chemistry
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Ran Yang
- College of Chemistry
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Lehui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- College of Chemistry
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
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Han J, Guo D, Sun XY, Wang JM, Ouyang JM, Gui BS. Repair Effects of Astragalus Polysaccharides with Different Molecular Weights on Oxidatively Damaged HK-2 Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9871. [PMID: 31285477 PMCID: PMC6614371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the repair effects of three Astragalus polysaccharides (APSs) with different molecular weights (Mws) on injured human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells to reveal the effect of Mw of polysaccharide on cell repair. A damage model was established by injuring HK-2 cells with 2.6 mM oxalate, and APS0, APS1, and APS2 with Mw of 11.03, 4.72, and 2.61 KDa were used to repair the damaged cells. After repair by APSs, the morphology of damaged HK-2 cells gradually returned to normal, the destruction of intercellular junctions recovered, intracellular reactive oxygen species production amount decreased, and their mitochondrial membrane potential increased. In addition, the cell cycle progression gradually normalized, lysosome integrity increased, and cell apoptotic rates obviously declined in the repaired cells. All three APSs could promote the expression of Keap1, Nrf2, SOD1, and CAT. In addition, the expression levels of inflammation markers containing MCP-1 and IL-6 decreased after APS repair. We deduced that APSs exert their repair function by activating the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway and inhibiting inflammation. Among the APSs, APS1 with a moderate Mw provided the strongest repair effect. APSs may have a preventive effect on kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Han
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Da Guo
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Sun
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jian-Min Wang
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jian-Ming Ouyang
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Bao-Song Gui
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
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Rao CY, Sun XY, Ouyang JM. Effects of physical properties of nano-sized hydroxyapatite crystals on cellular toxicity in renal epithelial cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 103:109807. [PMID: 31349397 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is not only a common component of most idiopathic CaOx stones, but also the core of Randall's plaque. HAP is a nest that can induce the formation of Randall's plaques and even kidney stones. We studied the toxic effects and mechanisms of four different types of nano-HAP crystals (H-Sphere, 72.5 nm × 72.5 nm; H-Needle, 37.2 nm × 162.7 nm; H-Rod, 42.3 nm × 115.3 nm; and H-Plate, 145.5 nm × 272.9 nm) on human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). HAP crystals could cause oxidative stress that triggered a series of cell dysfunction problems, resulting in decreased cell viability, loss of cell membrane integrity, cell swelling, and cell necrosis. The toxic effect of HAP was mainly attributed to its entry into cell by endocytosis and its accumulation in the lysosomes, causing the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) to rise, the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) to decrease, the lysosomal integrity to be destroyed, and the cell cycle blocked during the G0/G1 phase. The cytotoxicity of the four kinds of HAP crystals was ranked as follows: H-Sphere > H-Needle > H-Rod > H-Plate. The cytotoxicity of each crystal was positively correlated with low absolute zeta potential, conduciveness to internalized morphology, large specific surface area and aspect ratio, and small particle size. These results indicated that nano-HAP could damage HK-2 cells, and the physical properties of HAP crystals play a vital effect in their cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ying Rao
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Sun
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jian-Ming Ouyang
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Sun XY, Wang JM, Ouyang JM, Kuang L. Antioxidant Activities and Repair Effects on Oxidatively Damaged HK-2 Cells of Tea Polysaccharides with Different Molecular Weights. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5297539. [PMID: 30584463 PMCID: PMC6280578 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5297539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at investigating the antioxidant activity and repair effect of green tea polysaccharide (TPS) with different molecular weights (Mw) on damaged human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). Scavenging activities on hydroxyl radical (·OH) and ABTS radical and reducing power of four kinds of TPS with Mw of 10.88 (TPS0), 8.16 (TPS1), 4.82 (TPS2), and 2.31 kDa (TPS3) were detected. A damaged cell model was established using 2.6 mmol/L oxalate to injure HK-2 cells. Then, different concentrations of TPSs were used to repair the damaged cells. Index changes of subcellular organelles of HK-2 cells were detected before and after repair. The four kinds of TPSs possessed radical scavenging activity and reducing power, wherein TPS2 with moderate Mw presented the strongest antioxidant activity. After repair by TPSs, cell morphology of damaged HK-2 cells was gradually restored to normal conditions. Reactive oxygen species production decreased, and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) of repaired cells increased. Cells of G1 phase arrest were inhibited, and cell proportion in the S phase increased. Lysosome integrity improved, and cell apoptotic rates significantly reduced in the repaired group. The four kinds of TPSs with varying Mw displayed antioxidant activity and repair effect on the mitochondria, lysosomes, and intracellular DNA. TPS2, with moderate Mw, showed the strongest antioxidant activity and repair effect; it may become a potential drug for prevention and treatment of kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Sun
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jian-Min Wang
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jian-Ming Ouyang
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Li Kuang
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Meng Y, Wang L, Ling L. Changes of lysosomal membrane permeabilization and lipid metabolism in sidt2 deficient mice. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:246-252. [PMID: 29896245 PMCID: PMC5995057 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The SID1 transmembrane family member 2 (sidt2) deficient mouse model was used to investigate the function of sidt2 in lysosomal membrane permeabilization and lipid metabolism of liver tissue. The mouse model was established by Cre/LoxP technology. Enzymatic methods were used to analyze the sidt2−/− mouse serum lipids, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and serum bilirubin, compared with sidt2+/+ mice. Defective lipid metabolism and damaged liver functions were observed in the sidt2−/− mice. By using hematoxylin and eosin and Oil Red O staining, changes of morphology were observed in sidt2−/− mice with optical microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy was also used. Hepatic steatosis and partial liver tissue apoptosis were observed. The tissue distribution of sidt2 protein and mRNA was measured in knockout mice. The results indicated that negligible sidt2 mRNA and protein expression were observed in sidt2−/− mice, and that sidt2−/− mice had abnormal liver functions. Transmission electron microscopy revealed membrane lipid droplets in the liver cell cytoplasm, and some apoptotic body formation. These results demonstrated that absence of the lysosomal membrane protein sidt2 led to changes in lysosomal membrane permeabilization and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China.,Department of Biochemistry, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Lizhuo Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China.,Department of Biochemistry, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Liefeng Ling
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China.,Department of Biochemistry, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
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Microscopy-based high-throughput assays enable multi-parametric analysis to assess adverse effects of nanomaterials in various cell lines. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:633-649. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Choi H, Son JB, Kang J, Kwon J, Kim JH, Jung M, Kim SK, Kim S, Mun JY. Leucine-induced localization of Leucyl-tRNA synthetase in lysosome membrane. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1129-1135. [PMID: 28882589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LRS) plays major roles in providing leucine-tRNA and activating mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) through intracellular leucine sensing. mTORC1 activated by amino acids affects the influence on physiology functions including cell proliferation, protein synthesis and autophagy in various organisms. Biochemical results demonstrating leucine sensing have been published, but visual results are lacking. Therefore, we observed the location of LRS with and without leucine using stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy one of the super-resolution microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This revealed that LRS was translocated to the lysosome on addition of leucine. The translocation was inhibited by treatment with compound BC-LI-0186, disrupting the interaction between RagD and LRS. Immuno-TEM revealed a clear decrease in LRS translocation to the lysosome on addition of the inhibitor. This direct visualization of leucine sensing and LRS translocation to the lysosome was related to mTORC1 activation. To study the relationship between mTORC1 activation and LRS translocation, we monitored the change in autophagy for each condition using TEM and CLSM. The results showed a decrease in autophagy on addition of leucine, demonstrating crosstalk between leucine sensing, LRS translocation, RagD interaction, and mTORC1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosun Choi
- BK21 Plus Program, Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, South Korea
| | - Jung Bae Son
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Jooyoun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Jiwoong Kwon
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, South Korea; Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, South Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Minkyo Jung
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, South Korea
| | - Seong Keun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Technology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Mun
- BK21 Plus Program, Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, South Korea.
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Wu L, Li X, Ling Y, Huang C, Jia N. Morpholine Derivative-Functionalized Carbon Dots-Based Fluorescent Probe for Highly Selective Lysosomal Imaging in Living Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:28222-28232. [PMID: 28787116 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of a suitable fluorescent probe for the specific labeling and imaging of lysosomes through the direct visual fluorescent signal is extremely important for understanding the dysfunction of lysosomes, which might induce various pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. Herein, a new carbon dot-based fluorescent probe (CDs-PEI-ML) was designed and synthesized for highly selective imaging of lysosomes in live cells. In this probe, PEI (polyethylenimine) is introduced to improve water solubility and provide abundant amine groups for the as-prepared CDs-PEI, and the morpholine group (ML) serves as a targeting unit for lysosomes. More importantly, passivation with PEI could dramatically increase the fluorescence quantum yield of CDs-PEI-ML as well as their stability in fluorescence emission under different excitation wavelength. Consequently, experimental data demonstrated that the target probe CDs-PEI-ML has low cytotoxicity and excellent photostability. Additionally, further live cell imaging experiment indicated that CDs-PEI-ML is a highly selective fluorescent probe for lysosomes. We speculate the mechanism for selective staining of lysosomes that CDs-PEI-ML was initially taken up by lysosomes through the endocytic pathway and then accumulated in acidic lysosomes. It is notable that there was less diffusion of CDs-PEI-ML into cytoplasm, which could be ascribed to the presence of lysosome target group morpholine on surface of CDs-PEI-ML. The blue emission wavelength combined with the high photo stability and ability of long-lasting cell imaging makes CDs-PEI-ML become an alternative fluorescent probe for multicolor labeling and long-term tracking of lysosomes in live cells and the potential application in super-resolution imaging. To best of our knowledge, there are still limited carbon dots-based fluorescent probes that have been studied for specific lysosomal imaging in live cells. The concept of surface functionality of carbon dots will also pave a new avenue for developing carbon dots-based fluorescent probes for subcellular labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luling Wu
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University , 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University , 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yifei Ling
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University , 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Chusen Huang
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University , 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Nengqin Jia
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University , 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
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Zheng K, Jiang Y, Liao C, Hu X, Li Y, Zeng Y, Zhang J, Wu X, Wu H, Liu L, Wang Y, He Z. NOX2-Mediated TFEB Activation and Vacuolization Regulate Lysosome-Associated Cell Death Induced by Gypenoside L, a Saponin Isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6625-6637. [PMID: 28697598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Downregulation of apoptotic signal pathway and activation of protective autophagy mainly contribute to the chemoresistance of tumor cells. Therefore, exploring efficient chemotherapeutic agents or isolating novel natural products that can trigger nonapoptotic and nonautophagic cell death such as lysosome-associated death is emergently required. We have recently extracted a saponin, gypenoside L (Gyp-L), from Gynostemma pentaphyllum and showed that Gyp-L was able to induce nonapoptotic cell death of esophageal cancer cells associated with lysosome swelling. However, contributions of vacuolization and lysosome to cell death remain unclear. Herein, we reveal a critical role for NADPH oxidase NOX2-mediated vacuolization and transcription factor EB (TFEB) activation in lysosome-associated cell death. We found that Gyp-L initially induced the abnormal enlarged and alkalized vacuoles, which were derived from lipid rafts dependent endocytosis. Besides, NOX2 was activated to promote vacuolization and mTORC1-independent TFEB-mediated lysosome biogenesis. Finally, raising lysosome pH could enhance Gyp-L induced cell death. These findings suggest a protective role of NOX2-TFEB-mediated lysosome biogenesis in cancer drug resistance and the tight interaction between lipid rafts and vacuolization. In addition, Gyp-L can be utilized as an alternative option to overcome drug-resistance though inducing lysosome associated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products; Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yingchun Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products; Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chenghui Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products; Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products; Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products; Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xuli Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products; Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haiqiang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products; Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lizhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products; Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhendan He
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products; Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, China
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Ma XT, Sun XY, Yu K, Gui BS, Gui Q, Ouyang JM. Effect of Content of Sulfate Groups in Seaweed Polysaccharides on Antioxidant Activity and Repair Effect of Subcellular Organelles in Injured HK-2 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:2542950. [PMID: 28785372 PMCID: PMC5529655 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2542950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the repair effect of subcellular structure injuries of the HK-2 cells of four degraded seaweed polysaccharides (DSPs), namely, the degraded Porphyra yezoensis, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Sargassum fusiform, and Undaria pinnatifida polysaccharides. The four DSPs have similar molecular weight, but with different content of sulfate groups (i.e., 17.9%, 13.3%, 8.2%, and 5.5%, resp.). The damaged model was established using 2.8 mmol/L oxalate to injure HK-2 cells, and 60 μg/mL of various DSPs was used to repair the damaged cells. With the increase of sulfate group content in DSPs, the scavenging activity of radicals and their reducing power were all improved. Four kinds of DSPs have repair effect on the subcellular organelles of damaged HK-2 cells. After being repaired by DSPs, the release amount of lactate dehydrogenase was decreased, the integrity of cell membrane and lysosome increased, the Δψm increased, the cell of G1 phase arrest was inhibited, the proportion of S phase increased, and cell apoptotic and necrosis rates were significantly reduced. The greater the content of sulfate group is, the stronger is the repair ability of the polysaccharide. These DSPs, particularly the polysaccharide with higher sulfate group content, may be a potential drug for the prevention and cure of kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tao Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Sun
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bao-Song Gui
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Qin Gui
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jian-Ming Ouyang
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Lysosomes as Oxidative Targets for Cancer Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3749157. [PMID: 28757908 PMCID: PMC5516749 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3749157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are membrane-bound vesicles that contain hydrolases for the degradation and recycling of essential nutrients to maintain homeostasis within cells. Cancer cells have increased lysosomal function to proliferate, metabolize, and adapt to stressful environments. This has made cancer cells susceptible to lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). There are many factors that mediate LMP such as Bcl-2 family member, p53; sphingosine; and oxidative stress which are often altered in cancer. Upon lysosomal disruption, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increase leading to lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and reactive iron. Cathepsins are also released causing degradation of macromolecules and cellular structures. This ultimately kills the cancer cell through different types of cell death (apoptosis, autosis, or ferroptosis). In this review, we will explore the contributions lysosomes play in inducing cell death, how this is regulated by ROS in cancer, and how lysosomotropic agents might be utilized to treat cancers.
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Yu L, Cao B, Long Y, Tukayo M, Feng C, Fang W, Luo D. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of two important life stages of Angiostrongylus cantonensis: fifth-stage larvae and female adults. Genet Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28644509 PMCID: PMC5488468 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in the fast growth of Angiostrongylus
cantonensis from fifth-stage larvae (L5) to female adults and how L5
breaks through the blood-brain barrier in a permissive host remain unclear. In this
work, we compared the transcriptomes of these two life stages to identify the main
factors involved in the rapid growth and transition to adulthood. RNA samples from
the two stages were sequenced and assembled de novo. Gene Ontology
and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses of 1,346 differentially
expressed genes between L5 and female adults was then undertaken. Based on a
combination of analytical results and developmental characteristics, we suggest that
A. cantonensis synthesizes a large amount of cuticle in L5 to
allow body dilatation in the rapid growth period. Products that are degraded via the
lysosomal pathway may provide sufficient raw materials for cuticle production. In
addition, metallopeptidases may play a key role in parasite penetration of the
blood-brain barrier during migration from the brain. Overall, these results indicate
that the profiles of each transcriptome are tailored to the need for survival in each
developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Binbin Cao
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Ying Long
- Translational Medicine Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410006, China
| | - Meks Tukayo
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Chonglv Feng
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Wenzhen Fang
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Damin Luo
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
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Zhu Y, Zhou T, Yang L, Yuan L, Liang L, Xu P. Revelation of the dynamic progression of hypoxia-reoxygenation injury by visualization of the lysosomal hydrogen peroxide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:904-908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Duclos C, Lavoie C, Denault JB. Caspases rule the intracellular trafficking cartel. FEBS J 2017; 284:1394-1420. [PMID: 28371378 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During apoptosis, caspases feast on several hundreds of cellular proteins to orchestrate rapid cellular demise. Indeed, caspases are known to get a taste of every cellular process in one way or another, activating some, but most often shutting them down. Thus, it is not surprising that caspases proteolyze proteins involved in intracellular trafficking with particularly devastating consequences for this important process. This review article focuses on how caspases target the machinery responsible for smuggling goods within and outside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Duclos
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Lavoie
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Bernard Denault
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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46
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Kavčič N, Pegan K, Turk B. Lysosomes in programmed cell death pathways: from initiators to amplifiers. Biol Chem 2017; 398:289-301. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Lysosome is the central organelle for intracellular degradation of biological macromolecules and organelles. The material destined for degradation enters the lysosomes primarily via endocytosis, autophagy and phagocytosis, and is degraded through the concerted action of more than 50 lysosomal hydrolases. However, lysosomes are also linked with numerous other processes, including cell death, inflammasome activation and immune response, as well as with lysosomal secretion and cholesterol recycling. Among them programmed cell death pathways including apoptosis have received major attention. In most of these pathways, cell death was accompanied by lysosomal membrane permeabilization and release of lysosomal constituents with an involvement of lysosomal hydrolases, including the cathepsins. However, it is less clear, whether lysosomal membrane permeabilization is really critical for the initiation of cell death programme(s). Therefore, the role of lysosomal membrane permeabilization in various programmed cell death pathways is reviewed, as well as the mechanisms leading to it.
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Abstract
Cells depend on the lysosome for sequestration and degradation of macromolecules in order to maintain metabolic homeostasis. These membrane-enclosed organelles can receive intracellular and extracellular cargo through endocytosis, phagocytosis, and autophagy. Lysosomes establish acidic environments to activate enzymes that are able to break down biomolecules engulfed through these various pathways. Recent advances in methods to study the lysosome have allowed the discovery of extended roles for the lysosome in various diseases, including cancer, making it an attractive and targetable node for therapeutic intervention. This review focuses on key aspects of lysosomal biology in the context of cancer and how these properties can be exploited for the development of new therapeutic strategies. This will provide a contextual framework for how advances in methodology could be applied in future translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Fennelly
- Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 777 South Tower PCAM, 34th St. and Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 777 South Tower PCAM, 34th St. and Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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48
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Qu X, Ding X, Duan M, Yang J, Lin R, Zhou Z, Wang S. Influenza virus infection induces translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in A549 cells: role of AIF in apoptosis and viral propagation. Arch Virol 2016; 162:669-675. [PMID: 27853862 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It is recognized that influenza virus induces caspase-dependent apoptosis by activating caspase-3. Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a caspase-independent cell death effector, and its mitochondrial-nuclear translocation plays an important role in apoptosis. It is demonstrated in this study how influenza virus infection can induce caspase-independent apoptosis in the human alveolar epithelial cell line A549. AIF is translocated from the mitochondria to the nucleus in a caspase-independent manner in response to infection with influenza virus. Knockdown of AIF expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) led to a reduction in virus-infection-induced apoptosis and virus yield. These results indicate that AIF translocation has a role in influenza-virus-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Qu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.,Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoran Ding
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ming Duan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.,Institute of Zoonoses, Jilin University, 5333 Xian road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ruxian Lin
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Chronic Iron Overload Results in Impaired Bacterial Killing of THP-1 Derived Macrophage through the Inhibition of Lysosomal Acidification. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156713. [PMID: 27244448 PMCID: PMC4886970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for living organisms and the disturbance of iron homeostasis is associated with altered immune function. Additionally, bacterial infections can cause major complications in instances of chronic iron overload, such as patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia. Monocytes and macrophages play important roles in maintaining systemic iron homoeostasis and in defense against invading pathogens. However, the effect of iron overload on the function of monocytes and macrophages is unclear. We elucidated the effects of chronic iron overload on human monocytic cell line (THP-1) and THP-1 derived macrophages (TDM) by continuously exposing them to high levels of iron (100 μM) to create I-THP-1 and I-TDM, respectively. Our results show that iron overload did not affect morphology or granularity of I-THP-1, but increased the granularity of I-TDM. Bactericidal assays for non-pathogenic E. coli DH5α, JM109 and pathogenic P. aeruginosa all revealed decreased efficiency with increasing iron concentration in I-TDM. The impaired P. aeruginosa killing ability of human primary monocyte derived macrophages (hMDM) was also found when cells are cultured in iron contained medium. Further studies on the bactericidal activity of I-TDM revealed lysosomal dysfunction associated with the inhibition of lysosomal acidification resulting in increasing lysosomal pH, the impairment of post-translational processing of cathepsins (especially cathepsin D), and decreased autophagic flux. These findings may explain the impaired innate immunity of thalassemic patients with chronic iron overload, suggesting the manipulation of lysosomal function as a novel therapeutic approach.
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