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Alici H, Uversky VN, Kang DE, Woo JA, Coskuner-Weber O. The impacts of the mitochondrial myopathy-associated G58R mutation on the dynamic structural properties of CHCHD10. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:5607-5616. [PMID: 37349880 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2227713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondria are responsible for producing energy within the cell, and in mitochondrial myopathy, there is a defect in the energy production process. The CHCHD10 gene codes for a protein called coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing protein 10 (CHCHD10), which is found in the mitochondria and is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial function. G58R mutation has been shown to disrupt the normal function of CHCHD10, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and ultimately to the development of mitochondrial myopathy. The structures of G58R mutant CHCHD10 and how G58R mutation impacts the wild-type CHCHD10 protein at the monomeric level are unknown. To address this problem, we conducted homology modeling, multiple run molecular dynamics simulations and bioinformatics calculations. We represent herein the structural ensemble properties of the G58R mutant CHCHD10 (CHCHD10G58R) in aqueous solution. Moreover, we describe the impacts of G58R mutation on the structural ensembles of wild-type CHCHD10 (CHCHD10WT) in aqueous solution. The dynamics properties as well as structural properties of CHCHD10WT are impacted by the mitochondrial myopathy-related G58R mutation. Specifically, the secondary and tertiary structure properties, root mean square fluctuations, Ramachandran diagrams and results from principal component analysis demonstrate that the CHCHD10WT and CHCHD10G58R proteins possess different structural ensemble characteristics and describe the impacts of G58R mutation on CHCHD10WT. These findings may be helpful for designing new treatments for mitochondrial myopathy.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Alici
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David E Kang
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, USA
| | - Junga Alexa Woo
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
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2
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Bernardino Gomes TM, Vincent AE, Menger KE, Stewart JB, Nicholls TJ. Mechanisms and pathologies of human mitochondrial DNA replication and deletion formation. Biochem J 2024; 481:683-715. [PMID: 38804971 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Human mitochondria possess a multi-copy circular genome, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), that is essential for cellular energy metabolism. The number of copies of mtDNA per cell, and their integrity, are maintained by nuclear-encoded mtDNA replication and repair machineries. Aberrant mtDNA replication and mtDNA breakage are believed to cause deletions within mtDNA. The genomic location and breakpoint sequences of these deletions show similar patterns across various inherited and acquired diseases, and are also observed during normal ageing, suggesting a common mechanism of deletion formation. However, an ongoing debate over the mechanism by which mtDNA replicates has made it difficult to develop clear and testable models for how mtDNA rearrangements arise and propagate at a molecular and cellular level. These deletions may impair energy metabolism if present in a high proportion of the mtDNA copies within the cell, and can be seen in primary mitochondrial diseases, either in sporadic cases or caused by autosomal variants in nuclear-encoded mtDNA maintenance genes. These mitochondrial diseases have diverse genetic causes and multiple modes of inheritance, and show notoriously broad clinical heterogeneity with complex tissue specificities, which further makes establishing genotype-phenotype relationships challenging. In this review, we aim to cover our current understanding of how the human mitochondrial genome is replicated, the mechanisms by which mtDNA replication and repair can lead to mtDNA instability in the form of large-scale rearrangements, how rearranged mtDNAs subsequently accumulate within cells, and the pathological consequences when this occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago M Bernardino Gomes
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- NHS England Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Amy E Vincent
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Katja E Menger
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - James B Stewart
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Thomas J Nicholls
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
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3
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Liang KX. The application of brain organoid for drug discovery in mitochondrial diseases. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 170:106556. [PMID: 38423381 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are difficult to treat due to the complexity and multifaceted nature of mitochondrial dysfunction. Brain organoids are three-dimensional (3D) structures derived from human pluripotent stem cells designed to mimic brain-like development and function. Brain organoids have received a lot of attention in recent years as powerful tools for modeling human diseases, brain development, and drug screening. Screening compounds for mitochondrial diseases using brain organoids could provide a more physiologically relevant platform for drug discovery. Brain organoids offer the possibility of personalized medicine because they can be derived from patient-specific cells, allowing testing of drugs tailored to specific genetic mutations. In this article, we highlight how brain organoids offer a promising avenue for screening compounds for mitochondrial diseases and address the challenges and limitations associated with their use. We hope this review will provide new insights into the further progress of brain organoids for mitochondrial screening studies.
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Wang Y, Hang L, Shou W, Li C, Dong F, Feng X, Jin R, Li B, Xiao S. Case Report: A novel RRM2B variant in a Chinese infant with mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome and collective analyses of RRM2B variants for disease etiology. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1363728. [PMID: 38737634 PMCID: PMC11084280 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1363728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There are few reports of infantile mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDDS) caused by variants in RRM2B and the correlation between genotype and phenotype has rarely been analyzed in detail. This study investigated an infantile patient with MDDS, from clinical characteristics to genetic causes. Methods Routine physical examinations, laboratory assays, which included gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of blood and urine, and MRI scans were performed to obtain an exact diagnosis. Whole-exome sequencing was used to pinpoint the abnormal gene and bioinformatic analyses were performed on the identified variant. Results The case presented with progressive neurologic deterioration, failure to thrive, respiratory distress and lactic acidosis. Sequencing revealed that the patient had a homozygous novel missense variant, c.155T>C (p.Ile52Thr), in exon 2 of the RRM2B gene. Multiple lines of bioinformatic evidence suggested that this was a likely detrimental variant. In addition, reported RRM2B variants were compiled from the relevant literature to analyze disease etiology. We found a distinctive distribution of genotypes across disease manifestations of different severity. Pathogenic alleles of RRM2B were significantly enriched in MDDS cases. Conclusion The novel variant is a likely genetic cause of MDDS. It expands our understanding of the pathogenic variant spectrum and the contribution of the RRM2B gene to the disease spectrum of MDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Wang
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Hang
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Weihua Shou
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Cuifen Li
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fangling Dong
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xingxing Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruohong Jin
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Li
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shufang Xiao
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Brañas Casas R, Zuppardo A, Risato G, Dinarello A, Celeghin R, Fontana C, Grelloni E, Gilea AI, Viscomi C, Rasola A, Dalla Valle L, Lodi T, Baruffini E, Facchinello N, Argenton F, Tiso N. Zebrafish polg2 knock-out recapitulates human POLG-disorders; implications for drug treatment. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:281. [PMID: 38643274 PMCID: PMC11032366 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The human mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma is a holoenzyme, involved in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and maintenance, composed of a catalytic subunit (POLG) and a dimeric accessory subunit (POLG2) conferring processivity. Mutations in POLG or POLG2 cause POLG-related diseases in humans, leading to a subset of Mendelian-inherited mitochondrial disorders characterized by mtDNA depletion (MDD) or accumulation of multiple deletions, presenting multi-organ defects and often leading to premature death at a young age. Considering the paucity of POLG2 models, we have generated a stable zebrafish polg2 mutant line (polg2ia304) by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, carrying a 10-nucleotide deletion with frameshift mutation and premature stop codon. Zebrafish polg2 homozygous mutants present slower development and decreased viability compared to wild type siblings, dying before the juvenile stage. Mutants display a set of POLG-related phenotypes comparable to the symptoms of human patients affected by POLG-related diseases, including remarkable MDD, altered mitochondrial network and dynamics, and reduced mitochondrial respiration. Histological analyses detected morphological alterations in high-energy demanding tissues, along with a significant disorganization of skeletal muscle fibres. Consistent with the last finding, locomotor assays highlighted a decreased larval motility. Of note, treatment with the Clofilium tosylate drug, previously shown to be effective in POLG models, could partially rescue MDD in Polg2 mutant animals. Altogether, our results point at zebrafish as an effective model to study the etiopathology of human POLG-related disorders linked to POLG2, and a suitable platform to screen the efficacy of POLG-directed drugs in POLG2-associated forms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Zuppardo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Giovanni Risato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Alberto Dinarello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Rudy Celeghin
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Camilla Fontana
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Alexandru Ionut Gilea
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Andrea Rasola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Lodi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Enrico Baruffini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Nicola Facchinello
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian Research Council (CNR), 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy.
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6
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Feng F, He S, Li X, He J, Luo L. Mitochondria-mediated Ferroptosis in Diseases Therapy: From Molecular Mechanisms to Implications. Aging Dis 2024; 15:714-738. [PMID: 37548939 PMCID: PMC10917537 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a type of cell death involving iron and lipid peroxidation, has been found to be closely associated with the development of many diseases. Mitochondria are vital components of eukaryotic cells, serving important functions in energy production, cellular metabolism, and apoptosis regulation. Presently, the precise relationship between mitochondria and ferroptosis remains unclear. In this study, we aim to systematically elucidate the mechanisms via which mitochondria regulate ferroptosis from multiple perspectives to provide novel insights into mitochondrial functions in ferroptosis. Additionally, we present a comprehensive overview of how mitochondria contribute to ferroptosis in different conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory disease, mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, and novel coronavirus pneumonia. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the involvement of mitochondria in ferroptosis could lead to more effective approaches for both basic cell biology studies and medical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhai Feng
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shasha He
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Animal Experiment Center, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Jiake He
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
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7
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Venkatesan D, Iyer M, Narayanasamy A, Gopalakrishnan AV, Vellingiri B. Plausible Role of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Neurodegeneration-a Need for Therapeutic Approach in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6992-7008. [PMID: 37523043 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an advancing age-associated progressive brain disorder which has various diverse factors, among them mitochondrial dysfunction involves in dopaminergic (DA) degeneration. Aging causes a rise in mitochondrial abnormalities which leads to structural and functional modifications in neuronal activity and cell death in PD. This ends in deterioration of mitochondrial function, mitochondrial alterations, mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA CN) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity. mtDNA levels or mtDNA CN in PD have reported that mtDNA depletion would be a predisposing factor in PD pathogenesis. To maintain the mtDNA levels, therapeutic approaches have been focused on mitochondrial biogenesis in PD. The depletion of mtDNA levels in PD can be influenced by autophagic dysregulation, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, sirtuins, and calcium homeostasis. The current review describes the regulation of mtDNA levels and discusses the plausible molecular pathways in mtDNA CN depletion in PD pathogenesis. We conclude by suggesting further research on mtDNA depletion which might show a promising effect in predicting and diagnosing PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhivya Venkatesan
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to Be University), Coimbatore, 641021, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to Be University), Coimbatore, 641021, India
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
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8
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Su L, Wang X, Wang J, Luh F, Yen Y. Impact of N221S missense mutation in human ribonucleotide reductase small subunit b on mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19899. [PMID: 37964013 PMCID: PMC10645729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of N221S mutation in hRRM2B gene, which encodes the small subunit of human ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), on RNR activity and the pathogenesis of mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDDS) was investigated. Our results demonstrate that N221 mutations significantly reduce RNR activity, suggesting its role in the development of MDDS. We proposed an allosteric regulation pathway involving a chain of three phenylalanine residues on the αE helix of RNR small subunit β. This pathway connects the C-terminal loop of β2, transfers the activation signal from the large catalytic subunit α to β active site, and controls access of oxygen for radical generation. N221 is near this pathway and likely plays a role in regulating RNR activity. Mutagenesis studies on residues involved in the phenylalanine chain and the regulation pathway were conducted to confirm our proposed mechanism. We also performed molecular dynamic simulation and protein contact network analysis to support our findings. This study sheds new light on RNR small subunit regulation and provides insight on the pathogenesis of MDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Su
- Sino-American Cancer Foundation, Covina, CA, 91722, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Sino-American Cancer Foundation, Covina, CA, 91722, USA
| | - Jianghai Wang
- Sino-American Cancer Foundation, Covina, CA, 91722, USA
| | - Frank Luh
- Sino-American Cancer Foundation, Covina, CA, 91722, USA
| | - Yun Yen
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan.
- Center for Cancer Translational Research, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970374, Taiwan.
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9
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Atici AE, Crother TR, Noval Rivas M. Mitochondrial quality control in health and cardiovascular diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1290046. [PMID: 38020895 PMCID: PMC10657886 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1290046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the primary causes of mortality worldwide. An optimal mitochondrial function is central to supplying tissues with high energy demand, such as the cardiovascular system. In addition to producing ATP as a power source, mitochondria are also heavily involved in adaptation to environmental stress and fine-tuning tissue functions. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) through fission, fusion, mitophagy, and biogenesis ensures the clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria and preserves mitochondrial homeostasis in cardiovascular tissues. Furthermore, mitochondria generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which trigger the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and regulate cell survival. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in multiple CVDs, including ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), atherosclerosis, heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, diabetic and genetic cardiomyopathies, and Kawasaki Disease (KD). Thus, MQC is pivotal in promoting cardiovascular health. Here, we outline the mechanisms of MQC and discuss the current literature on mitochondrial adaptation in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli E. Atici
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Guerin Children’s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Timothy R. Crother
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Guerin Children’s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Magali Noval Rivas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Guerin Children’s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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10
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Guzman H, Yazdani S, Harmon JL, Chapman KA, Vitola B, Pyle L, McKnight H, Sigal W, Lord K, De Leon DD, Merchant N, Ganetzky R. Case report: Two unexpected cases of DGUOK-related mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome presenting with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1268135. [PMID: 38027095 PMCID: PMC10646319 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1268135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Timely diagnosis of persistent neonatal hypoglycemia is critical to prevent neurological sequelae, but diagnosis is complicated by the heterogenicity of the causes. We discuss two cases at separate institutions in which clinical management was fundamentally altered by the results of molecular genetic testing. In both patients, critical samples demonstrated hypoketotic hypoglycemia and a partial glycemic response to glucagon stimulation, thereby suggesting hyperinsulinism (HI). However, due to rapid genetic testing, both patients were found to have deoxyguanosine kinase (DGUOK)-related mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, an unexpected diagnosis. Patients with this disease typically present with either hepatocerebral disease in the neonatal period or isolated hepatic failure in infancy. The characteristic features involved in the hepatocerebral form of the disease include lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, cholestasis, progressive liver failure, and increasing neurologic dysfunction. Those with isolated liver involvement experience hepatomegaly, cholestasis, and liver failure. Although liver transplantation is considered, research has demonstrated that for patients with DGUOK-related mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome and neurologic symptoms, early demise occurs. Our report advocates for the prompt initiation of genetic testing in patients presenting with persistent neonatal hypoglycemia and for the incorporation of mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes in the differential diagnosis of HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herodes Guzman
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Division of Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sahr Yazdani
- Division of General Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Harmon
- Rare Disease Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Chapman
- Rare Disease Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Bernadette Vitola
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
- Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Louise Pyle
- Rare Disease Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Heather McKnight
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Winnie Sigal
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Katherine Lord
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Diva D. De Leon
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nadia Merchant
- Rare Disease Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Rebecca Ganetzky
- Division of Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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11
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Tummolo A, Melpignano L. The Reciprocal Interplay between Infections and Inherited Metabolic Disorders. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2545. [PMID: 37894204 PMCID: PMC10608884 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections represent the main cause of acute metabolic derangements and/or the worsening of the clinical course of many inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs). The basic molecular mechanisms behind the role of infections in these conditions have not been completely clarified. This review points out the different mechanisms behind the relationship between IMDs and infections, providing an overview of this still-under-investigated area. Classically, infections have been considered as the consequence of a compromised immune system due to a biochemical defect of energy production. An adjunctive pathogenetic mechanism is related to a genetically altered protein-attached glycans composition, due to congenital glycosilation defects. In addition, a dietary regimen with a reduced intake of both micro- and macronutrients can potentially compromise the ability of the immune system to deal with an infection. There is recent pre-clinical evidence showing that during infections there may be a disruption of substrates of various metabolic pathways, leading to further cellular metabolic alteration. Therefore, infective agents may affect cellular metabolic pathways, by mediation or not of an altered immune system. The data reviewed here strongly suggest that the role of infections in many types of IMDs deserves greater attention for a better management of these disorders and a more focused therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina Tummolo
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetology, Giovanni XXIII Children Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Livio Melpignano
- Medical Direction, Giovanni XXIII Children Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale, 70126 Bari, Italy;
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12
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Shvetcov A, Thomson S, Spathos J, Cho AN, Wilkins HM, Andrews SJ, Delerue F, Couttas TA, Issar JK, Isik F, Kaur S, Drummond E, Dobson-Stone C, Duffy SL, Rogers NM, Catchpoole D, Gold WA, Swerdlow RH, Brown DA, Finney CA. Blood-Based Transcriptomic Biomarkers Are Predictive of Neurodegeneration Rather Than Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15011. [PMID: 37834458 PMCID: PMC10573468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing global health crisis affecting millions and incurring substantial economic costs. However, clinical diagnosis remains challenging, with misdiagnoses and underdiagnoses being prevalent. There is an increased focus on putative, blood-based biomarkers that may be useful for the diagnosis as well as early detection of AD. In the present study, we used an unbiased combination of machine learning and functional network analyses to identify blood gene biomarker candidates in AD. Using supervised machine learning, we also determined whether these candidates were indeed unique to AD or whether they were indicative of other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our analyses showed that genes involved in spliceosome assembly, RNA binding, transcription, protein synthesis, mitoribosomes, and NADH dehydrogenase were the best-performing genes for identifying AD patients relative to cognitively healthy controls. This transcriptomic signature, however, was not unique to AD, and subsequent machine learning showed that this signature could also predict PD and ALS relative to controls without neurodegenerative disease. Combined, our results suggest that mRNA from whole blood can indeed be used to screen for patients with neurodegeneration but may be less effective in diagnosing the specific neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Shvetcov
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shannon Thomson
- Neuroinflammation Research Group, Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jessica Spathos
- Neuroinflammation Research Group, Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ann-Na Cho
- Dementia Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Heather M. Wilkins
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centre, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Centre, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Centre, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Shea J. Andrews
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Fabien Delerue
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy A. Couttas
- Brain and Mind Centre, Translational Research Collective, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jasmeen Kaur Issar
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Kids Research, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Finula Isik
- Neuroinflammation Research Group, Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Simranpreet Kaur
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Eleanor Drummond
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Carol Dobson-Stone
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Shantel L. Duffy
- Allied Health, Research and Strategic Partnerships, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia
| | - Natasha M. Rogers
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Renal and Transplant Medicine Unit, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Daniel Catchpoole
- The Tumor Bank, Kids Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Wendy A. Gold
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Kids Research, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Russell H. Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centre, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Centre, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Centre, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Centre, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - David A. Brown
- Neuroinflammation Research Group, Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Department of Immunopathology, Institute for Clinical Pathology and Medical Research-New South Wales Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Caitlin A. Finney
- Neuroinflammation Research Group, Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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Chen Y, Jiao D, Liu Y, Xu X, Wang Y, Luo X, Saiyin H, Li Y, Gao K, Chen Y, Zhao SM, Ma L, Wang C. FBXL4 mutations cause excessive mitophagy via BNIP3/BNIP3L accumulation leading to mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2351-2363. [PMID: 37568009 PMCID: PMC10589232 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles found in eukaryotic cells that play a crucial role in ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MTDPS) is a group of genetic disorders characterized by the reduction of mtDNA copy number, leading to deficiencies in OXPHOS and mitochondrial functions. Mutations in FBXL4, a substrate-binding adaptor of Cullin 1-RING ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL1), are associated with MTDPS, type 13 (MTDPS13). Here, we demonstrate that, FBXL4 directly interacts with the mitophagy cargo receptors BNIP3 and BNIP3L, promoting their degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway via the assembly of an active CRL1FBXL4 complex. However, MTDPS13-associated FBXL4 mutations impair the assembly of an active CRL1FBXL4 complex. This results in a notable accumulation of BNIP3/3L proteins and robust mitophagy even at basal levels. Excessive mitophagy was observed in Knockin (KI) mice carrying a patient-derived FBXL4 mutation and cortical neurons (CNs)-induced from MTDPS13 patient human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). In summary, our findings suggest that abnormal activation of BNIP3/BNIP3L-dependent mitophagy impairs mitochondrial homeostasis and underlies FBXL4-mutated MTDPS13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingji Chen
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dongyue Jiao
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiayun Xu
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaona Luo
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hexige Saiyin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yao Li
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Kun Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yucai Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Shi-Min Zhao
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Lixiang Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Chenji Wang
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
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14
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Ramboux A, Poncelet A, Clapuyt P, Scheers I, Sokal E, Reding R, Stephenne X. Deoxyguanosine kinase deficiency and recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:413. [PMID: 37775787 PMCID: PMC10543300 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-04151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deoxyguanosine kinase deficiency is mainly manifested by hepatic and neurological damage, hence it belongs to the hepatocerebral form of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid depletion syndrome. The association between deoxyguanosine kinase deficiency and recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax has not currently been reported. CASE PRESENTATION A 12-year-old Russian boy with deoxyguanosine kinase deficiency, a recipient of a liver transplant with amyotrophy secondary to his mitochondriopathy, presented with recurrent spontaneous bilateral pneumothorax refractory to drainage and surgery. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of deoxyguanosine kinase deficiency associated with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax, which could be considered a late complication of deoxyguanosine kinase deficiency. At this point, this is only an association and further studies and research need to be performed to help confirm the pathogenesis of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ramboux
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatrics, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Alain Poncelet
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Clapuyt
- Division of Paediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Scheers
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatrics, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne Sokal
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatrics, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raymond Reding
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier Stephenne
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatrics, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Zaidi AA, Verma A, Morse C, Ritchie MD, Mathieson I. The genetic and phenotypic correlates of mtDNA copy number in a multi-ancestry cohort. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100202. [PMID: 37255673 PMCID: PMC10225932 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtCN) is often treated as a proxy for mitochondrial (dys-) function and disease risk. Pathological changes in mtCN are common symptoms of rare mitochondrial disorders, but reported associations between mtCN and common diseases vary across studies. To understand the biology of mtCN, we carried out genome- and phenome-wide association studies of mtCN in 30,666 individuals from the Penn Medicine BioBank (PMBB)-a diverse cohort of largely African and European ancestry. We estimated mtCN in peripheral blood using exome sequence data, taking cell composition into account. We replicated known genetic associations of mtCN in the PMBB and found that their effects are highly correlated between individuals of European and African ancestry. However, the heritability of mtCN was much higher among individuals of largely African ancestry ( h 2 = 0.3 ) compared with European ancestry individuals( h 2 = 0.1 ) . Admixture mapping suggests that there are undiscovered variants underlying mtCN that are differentiated in frequency between individuals with African and European ancestry. We show that mtCN is associated with many health-related phenotypes. We discovered robust associations between mtDNA copy number and diseases of metabolically active tissues, such as cardiovascular disease and liver damage, that were consistent across African and European ancestry individuals. Other associations, such as epilepsy and prostate cancer, were only discovered in either individuals with European or African ancestry but not both. We show that mtCN-phenotype associations can be sensitive to blood cell composition and environmental modifiers, explaining why such associations are inconsistent across studies. Thus, mtCN-phenotype associations must be interpreted with care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan A. Zaidi
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anurag Verma
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colleen Morse
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Penn Medicine BioBank
- Center for Translational Bioinformatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marylyn D. Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Iain Mathieson
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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16
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Vallbona-Garcia A, Hamers IHJ, van Tienen FHJ, Ochoteco-Asensio J, Berendschot TTJM, de Coo IFM, Benedikter BJ, Webers CAB, Smeets HJM, Gorgels TGMF. Low mitochondrial DNA copy number in buffy coat DNA of primary open-angle glaucoma patients. Exp Eye Res 2023; 232:109500. [PMID: 37178956 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is characterized by optic nerve degeneration and irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The pathophysiology is not fully understood. Since RGCs have a high energy demand, suboptimal mitochondrial function may put the survival of these neurons at risk. In the present study, we explored whether mtDNA copy number or mtDNA deletions could reveal a mitochondrial component in POAG pathophysiology. Buffy coat DNA was isolated from EDTA blood of age- and sex-matched study groups, namely POAG patients with high intraocular pressure (IOP) at diagnosis (high tension glaucoma: HTG; n = 97), normal tension glaucoma patients (NTG, n = 37), ocular hypertensive controls (n = 9), and cataract controls (without glaucoma; n = 32), all without remarkable comorbidities. The number of mtDNA copies was assessed through qPCR quantification of the mitochondrial D-loop and nuclear B2M gene. Presence of the common 4977 base pair mtDNA deletion was assessed by a highly sensitive breakpoint PCR. Analysis showed that HTG patients had a lower number of mtDNA copies per nuclear DNA than NTG patients (p-value <0.01, Dunn test) and controls (p-value <0.001, Dunn test). The common 4977 base pair mtDNA deletion was not detected in any of the participants. A lower mtDNA copy number in blood of HTG patients suggests a role for a genetically defined, deficient mtDNA replication in the pathology of HTG. This may cause a low number of mtDNA copies in RGCs, which together with aging and high IOP, may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, and contribute to glaucoma pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Vallbona-Garcia
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Ilse H J Hamers
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Florence H J van Tienen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tos T J M Berendschot
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Irenaeus F M de Coo
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Birke J Benedikter
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Carroll A B Webers
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hubert J M Smeets
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Theo G M F Gorgels
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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17
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Magistrati M, Gilea AI, Gerra MC, Baruffini E, Dallabona C. Drug Drop Test: How to Quickly Identify Potential Therapeutic Compounds for Mitochondrial Diseases Using Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10696. [PMID: 37445873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) refer to a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous pathologies characterized by defective mitochondrial function and energy production. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for most MDs, and current therapeutic management is limited to relieving symptoms. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been efficiently used as a model organism to study mitochondria-related disorders thanks to its easy manipulation and well-known mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism. It has been successfully exploited both to validate alleged pathogenic variants identified in patients and to discover potential beneficial molecules for their treatment. The so-called "drug drop test", a phenotype-based high-throughput screening, especially if coupled with a drug repurposing approach, allows the identification of molecules with high translational potential in a cost-effective and time-saving manner. In addition to drug identification, S. cerevisiae can be used to point out the drug's target or pathway. To date, drug drop tests have been successfully carried out for a variety of disease models, leading to very promising results. The most relevant aspect is that studies on more complex model organisms confirmed the effectiveness of the drugs, strengthening the results obtained in yeast and demonstrating the usefulness of this screening as a novel approach to revealing new therapeutic molecules for MDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Magistrati
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alexandru Ionut Gilea
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Gerra
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Baruffini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Dallabona
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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18
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Abduljalil R, Ben Turkia H, Fakhroo A, Skrypnyk C. Fulminant Neonatal Liver Failure in MPV 17-Related Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome. Case Reports Hepatol 2023; 2023:4514552. [PMID: 37384111 PMCID: PMC10299873 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4514552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial depletion syndromes are well established causes of liver failure in infants. Hepatocerebral variant related to MPV17 gene defect is characterized by infantile onset of progressive liver failure, developmental delay, neurological manifestations, lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and mtDNA depletion in liver tissue. We report a hepatocerebral variant of mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome in a neonate who presented with septic shock picture, hypoglycemia, jaundice, hypotonia, and rotatory nystagmus. Family history was significant for consanguinity and a brother who died at the age of 4 months. Investigations showed mild liver function derangement contrasting with severe coagulopathy, hyperlactatemia, and generalized aminoaciduria. The brain MRI was normal. Next generation sequencing (NGS) panel identified a MPV17 gene missense homozygous pathogenic variant. The infant expired at the age of 2 weeks with refractory ascites. This case illustrates a challenging diagnosis causing liver failure and death in neonatal period. Genetic testing of mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes should be a part of liver failure workup in addition to other treatable disorders presenting with encephalo-hepatopathy in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Abduljalil
- Department of Pediatrics, King Hamad University Hospital, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Hadhami Ben Turkia
- Department of Pediatrics, King Hamad University Hospital, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Aysha Fakhroo
- Department of Pediatrics, King Hamad University Hospital, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Cristina Skrypnyk
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Al‐Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
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19
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Squires JE, Miethke AG, Valencia CA, Hawthorne K, Henn L, Van Hove JL, Squires RH, Bove K, Horslen S, Kohli R, Molleston JP, Romero R, Alonso EM, Bezerra JA, Guthery SL, Hsu E, Karpen SJ, Loomes KM, Ng VL, Rosenthal P, Mysore K, Wang KS, Friederich MW, Magee JC, Sokol RJ. Clinical spectrum and genetic causes of mitochondrial hepatopathy phenotype in children. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0139. [PMID: 37184518 PMCID: PMC10187840 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA genes affect mitochondria function, causing a range of liver-based conditions termed mitochondrial hepatopathies (MH), which are subcategorized as mtDNA depletion, RNA translation, mtDNA deletion, and enzymatic disorders. We aim to enhance the understanding of pathogenesis and natural history of MH. METHODS We analyzed data from patients with MH phenotypes to identify genetic causes, characterize the spectrum of clinical presentation, and determine outcomes. RESULTS Three enrollment phenotypes, that is, acute liver failure (ALF, n = 37), chronic liver disease (Chronic, n = 40), and post-liver transplant (n = 9), were analyzed. Patients with ALF were younger [median 0.8 y (range, 0.0, 9.4) vs 3.4 y (0.2, 18.6), p < 0.001] with fewer neurodevelopmental delays (40.0% vs 81.3%, p < 0.001) versus Chronic. Comprehensive testing was performed more often in Chronic than ALF (90.0% vs 43.2%); however, etiology was identified more often in ALF (81.3% vs 61.1%) with mtDNA depletion being most common (ALF: 77% vs Chronic: 41%). Of the sequenced cohort (n = 60), 63% had an identified mitochondrial disorder. Cluster analysis identified a subset without an underlying genetic etiology, despite comprehensive testing. Liver transplant-free survival was 40% at 2 years (ALF vs Chronic, 16% vs 65%, p < 0.001). Eighteen (21%) underwent transplantation. With 33 patient-years of follow-up after the transplant, 3 deaths were reported. CONCLUSIONS Differences between ALF and Chronic MH phenotypes included age at diagnosis, systemic involvement, transplant-free survival, and genetic etiology, underscoring the need for ultra-rapid sequencing in the appropriate clinical setting. Cluster analysis revealed a group meeting enrollment criteria but without an identified genetic or enzymatic diagnosis, highlighting the need to identify other etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Squires
- UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - C. Alexander Valencia
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Interpath Laboratory, Pendleton, Oregon, USA
| | - Kieran Hawthorne
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lisa Henn
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Johan L.K. Van Hove
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert H. Squires
- UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Bove
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Simon Horslen
- UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rohit Kohli
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jean P. Molleston
- Indiana University-Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Rene Romero
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Estella M. Alonso
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jorge A. Bezerra
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephen L. Guthery
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Evelyn Hsu
- University of Washington School of Medicine and Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Saul J. Karpen
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Loomes
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vicky L. Ng
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Krupa Mysore
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kasper S. Wang
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marisa W. Friederich
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - John C. Magee
- University of Michigan Hospitals and Health Centers, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ronald J. Sokol
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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20
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O'Connor K, Spendiff S, Lochmüller H, Horvath R. Mitochondrial Mutations Can Alter Neuromuscular Transmission in Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome and Mitochondrial Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108505. [PMID: 37239850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a group of rare, neuromuscular disorders that usually present in childhood or infancy. While the phenotypic presentation of these disorders is diverse, the unifying feature is a pathomechanism that disrupts neuromuscular transmission. Recently, two mitochondrial genes-SLC25A1 and TEFM-have been reported in patients with suspected CMS, prompting a discussion about the role of mitochondria at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Mitochondrial disease and CMS can present with similar symptoms, and potentially one in four patients with mitochondrial myopathy exhibit NMJ defects. This review highlights research indicating the prominent roles of mitochondria at both the pre- and postsynapse, demonstrating the potential for mitochondrial involvement in neuromuscular transmission defects. We propose the establishment of a novel subcategorization for CMS-mitochondrial CMS, due to unifying clinical features and the potential for mitochondrial defects to impede transmission at the pre- and postsynapse. Finally, we highlight the potential of targeting the neuromuscular transmission in mitochondrial disease to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaela O'Connor
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sally Spendiff
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FD, UK
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21
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Mukherjee S, Das S, Bedi M, Vadupu L, Ball WB, Ghosh A. Methylglyoxal-mediated Gpd1 activation restores the mitochondrial defects in a yeast model of mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130328. [PMID: 36791826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Human MPV17, an evolutionarily conserved mitochondrial inner-membrane channel protein, accounts for the tissue-specific mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome. However, the precise molecular function of the MPV17 protein is still elusive. Previous studies showed that the mitochondrial morphology and cristae organization are severely disrupted in the MPV17 knockout cells from yeast, zebrafish, and mammalian tissues. As mitochondrial cristae morphology is strictly regulated by the membrane phospholipids composition, we measured mitochondrial membrane phospholipids (PLs) levels in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae MPV17 ortholog, SYM1 (Stress-inducible Yeast MPV17) deleted cells. We found that Sym1 knockout decreases the mitochondrial membrane PL, phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), and inhibits respiratory growth at 37 ̊C on rich media. Both the oxygen consumption rate and the steady state expressions of mitochondrial complex II and super-complexes are compromised. Apart from mitochondrial PE defect a significant depletion of mitochondrial phosphatidyl-choline (PC) was noticed in the sym1∆ cells grown on synthetic media at both 30 ̊C and 37 ̊C temperatures. Surprisingly, exogenous supplementation of methylglyoxal (MG), an intrinsic side product of glycolysis, rescues the respiratory growth of Sym1 deficient yeast cells. Using a combination of molecular biology and lipid biochemistry, we uncovered that MG simultaneously restores both the mitochondrial PE/PC levels and the respiration by enhancing cytosolic NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (Gpd1) enzymatic activity. Further, MG is incapable to restore respiratory growth of the sym1∆gpd1∆ double knockout cells. Thus, our work provides Gpd1 activation as a novel strategy for combating Sym1 deficiency and PC/PE defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyajit Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata Pin-700019, India
| | - Shubhojit Das
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata Pin-700019, India
| | - Minakshi Bedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata Pin-700019, India
| | - Lavanya Vadupu
- Department of the Biological Sciences, SRM University- AP, Andhra Pradesh Pin- 522240, India
| | - Writoban Basu Ball
- Department of the Biological Sciences, SRM University- AP, Andhra Pradesh Pin- 522240, India
| | - Alok Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata Pin-700019, India.
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22
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Casanova A, Wevers A, Navarro-Ledesma S, Pruimboom L. Mitochondria: It is all about energy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1114231. [PMID: 37179826 PMCID: PMC10167337 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1114231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in both health and disease. Their function is not limited to energy production but serves multiple mechanisms varying from iron and calcium homeostasis to the production of hormones and neurotransmitters, such as melatonin. They enable and influence communication at all physical levels through interaction with other organelles, the nucleus, and the outside environment. The literature suggests crosstalk mechanisms between mitochondria and circadian clocks, the gut microbiota, and the immune system. They might even be the hub supporting and integrating activity across all these domains. Hence, they might be the (missing) link in both health and disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is related to metabolic syndrome, neuronal diseases, cancer, cardiovascular and infectious diseases, and inflammatory disorders. In this regard, diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and chronic pain are discussed. This review focuses on understanding the mitochondrial mechanisms of action that allow for the maintenance of mitochondrial health and the pathways toward dysregulated mechanisms. Although mitochondria have allowed us to adapt to changes over the course of evolution, in turn, evolution has shaped mitochondria. Each evolution-based intervention influences mitochondria in its own way. The use of physiological stress triggers tolerance to the stressor, achieving adaptability and resistance. This review describes strategies that could recover mitochondrial functioning in multiple diseases, providing a comprehensive, root-cause-focused, integrative approach to recovering health and treating people suffering from chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaloha Casanova
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Anne Wevers
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Santiago Navarro-Ledesma
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Leo Pruimboom
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
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23
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Chen PS, Chao CC, Tsai LK, Huang HY, Chien YH, Huang PH, Hwu WL, Hsieh ST, Lee NC, Hsueh HW, Yang CC. Diagnostic Challenges of Neuromuscular Disorders after Whole Exome Sequencing. J Neuromuscul Dis 2023:JND230013. [PMID: 37066920 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-230013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-exome sequencing (WES) facilitates the diagnosis of hereditary neuromuscular disorders. To achieve an accurate diagnosis, physicians should interpret the genetic report carefully along with clinical information and examinations. We described our experience with (1) clinical validation in patients with variants found using WES and (2) a diagnostic approach for those with negative findings from WES. METHODS WES was performed on patients with the clinical impression of hereditary neuromuscular disorders. Information on clinical manifestations, neurological examination, electrodiagnostic studies, histopathology of muscle and nerve, and laboratory tests were collected. RESULTS Forty-one patients (Male/Female: 18/23, age of onset: 34.5±15.9) accepted WES and were categorized into four scenarios: (1) patients with a positive WES result, (2) patients with an inconclusive WES result but supporting clinical data, (3) negative findings from WES, but a final diagnosis after further work-up, and (4) undetermined etiology from WES and in further work-ups. The yield rate of the initial WES was 63.4% (26/41). Among these, seventeen patients had positive WES result, while the other nine patients had inconclusive WES result but supporting clinical data. Notably, in the fifteen patients with equivocal or negative findings from WES, four patients (26.7%) achieved a diagnosis after further workup: tumor-induced osteomalacia, metabolic myopathy with pathogenic variants in mitochondrial DNA, microsatellite expansion disease, and vasculitis-related neuropathy. The etiologies remained undetermined in eleven patients (myopathy: 7, neuropathy: 4) after WES and further workup. CONCLUSIONS It is essential to design genotype-guided molecular studies to correlate the identified variants with their clinical features. For patients who had negative findings from WES, acquired diseases, mitochondrial DNA disorders and microsatellite expansion diseases should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Shiuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chao Chao
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kai Tsai
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Huang
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hsiu Chien
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsin Huang
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wuh-Liang Hwu
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Tsang Hsieh
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ni-Chung Lee
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wen Hsueh
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chao Yang
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Altuntaş C, Uzunhan TA, Ertürk B, Petmezci MT, Çakar NE, Noyan B, Dokucu Aİ, Önal H. A very early onset MNGIE-like syndrome with POLG1 mutation and accompanying leukoencephalopathy. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 229:107712. [PMID: 37084649 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE) is a well-known mitochondrial depletion syndrome. Since Van Goethem et al. described MNGIE syndrome with pathogenic POLG1 mutations in 2003, POLG1 gene became a target for MNGIE patients. Cases with POLG1 mutations strikingly differ from classic MNGIE patients due to a lack of leukoencephalopathy. Here we present a female patient with very early onset disease and leukoencephalopathy compatible with classic MNGIE disease who turned out to have homozygous POLG1 mutation compatible with MNGIE-like syndrome, mitochondrial depletion syndrome type 4b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Altuntaş
- Istinye University Medical Faculty, Pediatric Gastroenterology Department, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Tugce Aksu Uzunhan
- Prof Dr Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, Pediatric Neurology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Biray Ertürk
- Prof Dr Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, Medical Genetics Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mey Talip Petmezci
- Prof Dr Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nafiye Emel Çakar
- Prof Dr Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, Pediatric Metabolic Diseases Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilge Noyan
- University of Health Sciences Başakşehir Çam Sakura City Hospital, Pediatric Metabolic Diseases Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali İhsan Dokucu
- Prof Dr Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, Pediatric Surgery Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Önal
- University of Health Sciences Başakşehir Çam Sakura City Hospital, Pediatric Metabolic Diseases Department, Istanbul, Turkey
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25
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Mannherz W, Agarwal S. Thymidine nucleotide metabolism controls human telomere length. Nat Genet 2023; 55:568-580. [PMID: 36959362 PMCID: PMC11000509 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Telomere length in humans is associated with lifespan and severe diseases, yet the genetic determinants of telomere length remain incompletely defined. Here we performed genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 functional telomere length screening and identified thymidine (dT) nucleotide metabolism as a limiting factor in human telomere maintenance. Targeted genetic disruption using CRISPR-Cas9 revealed multiple telomere length control points across the thymidine nucleotide metabolism pathway: decreasing dT nucleotide salvage via deletion of the gene encoding nuclear thymidine kinase (TK1) or de novo production by knockout of the thymidylate synthase gene (TYMS) decreased telomere length, whereas inactivation of the deoxynucleoside triphosphohydrolase-encoding gene SAMHD1 lengthened telomeres. Remarkably, supplementation with dT alone drove robust telomere elongation by telomerase in cells, and thymidine triphosphate stimulated telomerase activity in a substrate-independent manner in vitro. In induced pluripotent stem cells derived from patients with genetic telomere biology disorders, dT supplementation or inhibition of SAMHD1 promoted telomere restoration. Our results demonstrate a critical role of thymidine metabolism in controlling human telomerase and telomere length, which may be therapeutically actionable in patients with fatal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Mannherz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Initiative for RNA Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suneet Agarwal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Initiative for RNA Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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26
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Nguyen THM, Tinz-Burdick A, Lenhardt M, Geertz M, Ramirez F, Schwartz M, Toledano M, Bonney B, Gaebler B, Liu W, Wolters JF, Chiu K, Fiumera AC, Fiumera HL. Mapping mitonuclear epistasis using a novel recombinant yeast population. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010401. [PMID: 36989278 PMCID: PMC10085025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation in mitochondrial and nuclear genomes can perturb mitonuclear interactions and lead to phenotypic differences between individuals and populations. Despite their importance to most complex traits, it has been difficult to identify the interacting mitonuclear loci. Here, we present a novel advanced intercrossed population of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts, called the Mitonuclear Recombinant Collection (MNRC), designed explicitly for detecting mitonuclear loci contributing to complex traits. For validation, we focused on mapping genes that contribute to the spontaneous loss of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that leads to the petite phenotype in yeast. We found that rates of petite formation in natural populations are variable and influenced by genetic variation in nuclear DNA, mtDNA and mitonuclear interactions. We mapped nuclear and mitonuclear alleles contributing to mtDNA stability using the MNRC by integrating a term for mitonuclear epistasis into a genome-wide association model. We found that the associated mitonuclear loci play roles in mitotic growth most likely responding to retrograde signals from mitochondria, while the associated nuclear loci with main effects are involved in genome replication. We observed a positive correlation between growth rates and petite frequencies, suggesting a fitness tradeoff between mitotic growth and mtDNA stability. We also found that mtDNA stability was correlated with a mobile mitochondrial GC-cluster that is present in certain populations of yeast and that selection for nuclear alleles that stabilize mtDNA may be rapidly occurring. The MNRC provides a powerful tool for identifying mitonuclear interacting loci that will help us to better understand genotype-phenotype relationships and coevolutionary trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuc H M Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Austen Tinz-Burdick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - Meghan Lenhardt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - Margaret Geertz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - Franchesca Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - Mark Schwartz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Toledano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - Brooke Bonney
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Gaebler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - John F Wolters
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Chiu
- Department of Computer Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - Anthony C Fiumera
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - Heather L Fiumera
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
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27
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Zhang L, Ma J, Shen Z, Wang B, Jiang Q, Ma F, Ju Y, Duan G, Zhang Q, Su X. Low copy numbers for mitochondrial DNA moderates the strength of nuclear-cytoplasmic incompatibility in plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:739-754. [PMID: 36308719 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells contain only small amounts of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), with the genomic information shared among multiple mitochondria. The biological relevance and molecular mechanism underlying this hallmark of plant cells has been unclear. Here, we report that Arabidopsis thaliana plants exhibited significantly reduced growth and mitochondrial dysfunction when the mtDNA copy number was increased to the degree that each mitochondrion possessed DNA. The amounts of mitochondrion-encoded transcripts increased several fold in the presence of elevated mtDNA levels. However, the efficiency of RNA editing decreased with this excess of mitochondrion-encoded transcripts, resulting in impaired assembly of mitochondrial complexes containing mtDNA-encoded subunits, such as respiratory complexes I and IV. These observations indicate the occurrence of nuclear-mitochondrial incompatibility in the cells with increased amounts of mtDNA and provide an initial answer to the fundamental question of why plant cells have much lower mtDNA levels than animal cells. We propose that keeping mtDNA levels low moderates nuclear-mitochondrial incompatibility and that this may be a crucial factor driving plant cells to restrict the copy numbers of mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhaorui Shen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research and Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qingling Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yan Ju
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guangxing Duan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaodong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research and Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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28
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Pillalamarri V, Shi W, Say C, Yang S, Lane J, Guallar E, Pankratz N, Arking DE. Whole-exome sequencing in 415,422 individuals identifies rare variants associated with mitochondrial DNA copy number. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100147. [PMID: 36311265 PMCID: PMC9615038 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2022.100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-individual variation in the number of copies of the mitochondrial genome, called mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), reflects mitochondrial function and has been associated with various aging-related diseases. We examined 415,422 exomes of self-reported White ancestry individuals from the UK Biobank and tested the impact of rare variants, at the level of single variants and through aggregate variant-set tests, on mtDNA-CN. A survey across nine variant sets tested enrichment of putatively causal variants and identified 14 genes at experiment-wide significance and three genes at marginal significance. These included associations at known mtDNA depletion syndrome genes (mtDNA helicase TWNK, p = 1.1 × 10-30; mitochondrial transcription factor TFAM, p = 4.3 × 10-15; mtDNA maintenance exonuclease MGME1, p = 2.0 × 10-6) and the V617F dominant gain-of-function mutation in the tyrosine kinase JAK2 (p = 2.7 × 10-17), associated with myeloproliferative disease. Novel genes included the ATP-dependent protease CLPX (p = 8.4 × 10-9), involved in mitochondrial proteome quality, and the mitochondrial adenylate kinase AK2 (p = 4.7 × 10-8), involved in hematopoiesis. The most significant association was a missense variant in SAMHD1 (p = 4.2 × 10-28), found on a rare, 1.2-Mb shared ancestral haplotype on chromosome 20. SAMHD1 encodes a cytoplasmic host restriction factor involved in viral defense response and the mitochondrial nucleotide salvage pathway, and is associated with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome 5, a childhood encephalopathy and chronic inflammatory response disorder. Rare variants were enriched in Mendelian mtDNA depletion syndrome loci, and these variants implicated core processes in mtDNA replication, nucleoid structure formation, and maintenance. These data indicate that strong-effect mutations from the nuclear genome contribute to the genetic architecture of mtDNA-CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsee Pillalamarri
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Predoctoral Program in Human Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Maryland Genetics Epidemiology and Medicine Training Program, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Wen Shi
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Conrad Say
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stephanie Yang
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - John Lane
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dan E. Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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29
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Khamis S, Mitakidou MR, Champion M, Goyal S, Jones RL, Siddiqui A, Sabanathan S, Hedderly T, Lin JP, Jungbluth H, Papandreou A. Clinical Reasoning: A Teenage Girl With Progressive Hyperkinetic Movements, Seizures, and Encephalopathy. Neurology 2023; 100:30-37. [PMID: 36130841 PMCID: PMC9827126 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The "epilepsy-dyskinesia" spectrum is increasingly recognized in neurogenetic and neurometabolic conditions. It can be challenging to diagnose because of clinical and genetic heterogeneity, atypical or nonspecific presentations, and the rarity of each diagnostic entity. This is further complicated by the lack of sensitive or specific biomarkers for most nonenzymatic neurometabolic conditions. Nevertheless, clinical awareness and timely diagnosis are paramount to facilitate appropriate prognostication, counseling, and management.This report describes a case of a teenage girl who had presented at 14 months with a protracted illness manifesting as gastrointestinal upset and associated motor and cognitive regression. A choreoathetoid movement disorder, truncal ataxia, and microcephaly evolved after the acute phase. Neurometabolic and inflammatory investigations, EEG, brain MRI, muscle biopsy (including respiratory chain enzyme studies), and targeted genetic testing were unremarkable. A second distinct regression phase ensued at 14 years consisting of encephalopathy, multifocal motor seizures, absent deep tendon reflexes and worsening movements, gut dysmotility, and dysphagia. Video EEGs showed an evolving developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with multifocal seizures and nonepileptic movements. MRI of the brain revealed evolving and fluctuating patchy bihemispheric cortical changes, cerebellar atrophy with signal change, mild generalized brain volume loss, and abnormal lactate on MR spectroscopy. The article discusses the differential diagnostic approach and management options for patients presenting with neurologic regression, encephalopathy, seizures, and hyperkinetic movements. It also emphasizes the utility of next-generation sequencing in providing a rapid, efficient, cost-effective way of determining the underlying etiology of complex neurologic presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Khamis
- From the Paediatric Neurology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Metabolic Medicine Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Clinical Genetics Department, Guys and St Thomas Hospital, London, UK; Neuroradiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Women and Children's Health Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King's College London, UK; and Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Maria R Mitakidou
- From the Paediatric Neurology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Metabolic Medicine Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Clinical Genetics Department, Guys and St Thomas Hospital, London, UK; Neuroradiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Women and Children's Health Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King's College London, UK; and Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Michael Champion
- From the Paediatric Neurology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Metabolic Medicine Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Clinical Genetics Department, Guys and St Thomas Hospital, London, UK; Neuroradiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Women and Children's Health Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King's College London, UK; and Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Sushma Goyal
- From the Paediatric Neurology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Metabolic Medicine Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Clinical Genetics Department, Guys and St Thomas Hospital, London, UK; Neuroradiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Women and Children's Health Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King's College London, UK; and Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Rachel L Jones
- From the Paediatric Neurology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Metabolic Medicine Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Clinical Genetics Department, Guys and St Thomas Hospital, London, UK; Neuroradiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Women and Children's Health Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King's College London, UK; and Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Ata Siddiqui
- From the Paediatric Neurology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Metabolic Medicine Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Clinical Genetics Department, Guys and St Thomas Hospital, London, UK; Neuroradiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Women and Children's Health Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King's College London, UK; and Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Saraswathy Sabanathan
- From the Paediatric Neurology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Metabolic Medicine Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Clinical Genetics Department, Guys and St Thomas Hospital, London, UK; Neuroradiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Women and Children's Health Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King's College London, UK; and Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Tammy Hedderly
- From the Paediatric Neurology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Metabolic Medicine Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Clinical Genetics Department, Guys and St Thomas Hospital, London, UK; Neuroradiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Women and Children's Health Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King's College London, UK; and Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jean-Pierre Lin
- From the Paediatric Neurology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Metabolic Medicine Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Clinical Genetics Department, Guys and St Thomas Hospital, London, UK; Neuroradiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Women and Children's Health Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King's College London, UK; and Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- From the Paediatric Neurology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Metabolic Medicine Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Clinical Genetics Department, Guys and St Thomas Hospital, London, UK; Neuroradiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Women and Children's Health Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King's College London, UK; and Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Apostolos Papandreou
- From the Paediatric Neurology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Metabolic Medicine Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Clinical Genetics Department, Guys and St Thomas Hospital, London, UK; Neuroradiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Women and Children's Health Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King's College London, UK; and Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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Corsello A, Scatigno L, Govoni A, Zuccotti G, Gottrand F, Romano C, Verduci E. Gut dysmotility in children with neurological impairment: the nutritional management. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1200101. [PMID: 37213895 PMCID: PMC10196023 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1200101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal motility disorders represent a frequent problem in children with neurological impairment. These conditions are characterized by abnormal movements of the gut, which can result in symptoms such as constipation, diarrhea, reflux, and vomiting. The underlying mechanisms leading to dysmotility are various, and the clinical manifestations are often nonspecific. Nutritional management is an important aspect of care for children with gut dysmotility, as it can help to improve their quality of life. Oral feeding, when safe and in the absence of risk of ingestion or severe dysphagia, should always be encouraged. When oral nutrition is insufficient or potentially harmful, it is necessary to switch to an enteral by tube or parenteral nutrition before the onset of malnutrition. In most cases, children with severe gut dysmotility may require feeding via a permanent gastrostomy tube to ensure adequate nutrition and hydration. Drugs may be necessary to help manage gut dysmotility, such as laxatives, anticholinergics and prokinetic agents. Nutritional management of patients with neurological impairment often requires an individualized care plan to optimize growth and nutrition and to improve overall health outcomes. This review tries to sum up most significant neurogenetic and neurometabolic disorders associated with gut dysmotility that may require a specific multidisciplinary care, identifying a proposal of nutritional and medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Corsello
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Scatigno
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Govoni
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Claudio Romano
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elvira Verduci,
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ÖZDEMİR M, HAMİTOĞLU Ş, ÖZLÜ F, YAPICIOĞLU H, GÜL MERT G, SATAR M. The first living newborn case with 7706G˃A missense mutation: Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.1170135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome (AHS) is an uncommon autosomal recessive mitochondrial DNA depletion disease. The classic clinical triad of progressive developmental regression, liver degeneration, and seizures helps define the disorder, but a wide range of clinical expressions occur. The most common mutations in childhood have been identified in the cytochrome c oxidase Ⅰ and Ⅳ genes. The 7706G˃A missense mutation in the Cox Ⅱ gene was previously reported in one case after postmortem histological study. Consequently, our patient is the first patient diagnosed with AHS with a 7706G˃A missense mutation in the Cox Ⅱ gene while alive. We proposed that 7706G˃A missense mutation is rare and should be more lethal than other mutations that cause Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ferda ÖZLÜ
- Cukurova University Medical Faculty, Neonatology Department
| | | | - Gülen GÜL MERT
- Cukurova University Medical Faculty, Division of Pediatric Neurology
| | - Mehmet SATAR
- Cukurova University Medical Faculty, Neonatology Department
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Androgen receptor signaling-mitochondrial DNA-oxidative phosphorylation: A critical triangle in early prostate cancer. Curr Urol 2022; 16:207-212. [PMID: 36714229 PMCID: PMC9875216 DOI: 10.1097/cu9.0000000000000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are more than just the cellular powerhouse. They also play key roles in vital functions such as apoptosis, metabolism regulation, and other intracellular interactions. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes for 12 subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. Depletion of mtDNA in androgen-dependent prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines renders them androgen-independent and more aggressive. Paradoxically, pharmaceutical inhibition of OXPHOS is lethal for subsets of PCa cells, whereas others become dependent on androgen receptor (AR) signaling for survival. Given that the AR-mitochondria interaction is critical for early PCa, it is crucial to understand the details of this interaction. Technical hurdles have made mitochondria traditionally difficult to study, with many techniques used for isolation masking the properties of given individual mitochondria. Although the isolation of mitochondria enables us to study OXPHOS, we miss the context in which mitochondria interact with the rest of the cell. Both AR signaling and mtDNA affect apoptosis, metabolism regulation, cellular calcium storage and homeostasis, intracellular calcium signaling, and redox homeostasis. In this review, we will attempt to understand how the crosstalk between AR-mtDNA-OXPHOS is responsible for "life or death" decisions inside the cells. Our aim is to point toward potential vulnerabilities that can lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
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Shoop WK, Gorsuch CL, Bacman SR, Moraes CT. Precise and simultaneous quantification of mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy and copy number by digital PCR. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102574. [PMID: 36209825 PMCID: PMC9650046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is present in multiple copies and phenotypic consequences of mtDNA mutations depend on the mutant load surpassing a specific threshold. Additionally, changes in mtDNA copy number can impact mitochondrial ATP production, resulting in disease. Therefore, the precise determination of mtDNA heteroplasmy and copy number is crucial to the study of mitochondrial diseases. However, current methods can be imprecise, and quantifying small changes in either heteroplasmy or copy number is challenging. We developed a new approach to measure mtDNA heteroplasmy using a single digital PCR (dPCR) probe. This method is based on the observation that fluorescent-labeled probes in dPCR exhibit different intensities depending on the presence of a single nucleotide change in the sequence bound by the probe. This finding allowed us to precisely and simultaneously determine mtDNA copy number and heteroplasmy levels using duplex dPCR. We tested this approach in two different models (human and mouse), which proved faster and more internally controlled when compared to other published methods routinely used in the mitochondrial genetics field. We believe this approach could be broadly applicable to the detection and quantification of other mixed genetic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy K Shoop
- Precision BioSciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
| | | | - Sandra R Bacman
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
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Meroni M, Longo M, Paolini E, Tria G, Ripolone M, Napoli L, Moggio M, Fracanzani AL, Dongiovanni P. Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hypertriglyceridemia. Front Nutr 2022; 9:967899. [PMID: 36185699 PMCID: PMC9521372 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.967899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Hypertriglyceridemia is a common feature of metabolic syndrome (MetS), as well as of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is considered the hepatic manifestation of MetS. Fat accumulation in hepatocytes may alter mitochondrial homeostasis predisposing to advanced liver disease. Here, we report a case of a 40-year-old woman with early aggressive NAFLD due to severe hypertriglyceridemia that ensued from a combination of genetic variants and additional metabolic risk factors. Methods Genetic screening was performed by using whole-exome sequencing (WES), and mitochondrial structures were evaluated by TEM. Results At presentation, the patient is reported to have hepatomegaly, hypertriglyceridemia, and raised transaminases. Genetic analysis revealed that the patient beard heritable alterations in genes implicated in lipid handling, among which APOB, APOE, CETP, and HSPG2, accompanied by missense mutations in genes involved in mitochondrial function, i.e., AK2, ALG6, ASPA, NDUFAF1, POLG, and TMEM70. Abdominal ultrasound (US) and transient elastography were suggestive of severe hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. A liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related fibrosis. Thus, to better outline whether mutations involved in lipid remodeling and mitochondrial function may also affect organelles’ morphology, we exploited TEM. Along with multifaceted abnormalities of mitochondrial architecture that have been already observed in patients with NAFLD, astonishing ultrastructural defects, such as mitochondrial vacuolization, sub-compartmentalization, and onion-like mitochondria, were identified. Conclusion The anomalies reported may expand the phenotypic spectrum of mitochondrial abnormalities observed in patients with NAFLD, which may contribute to the switching toward a progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Longo
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Paolini
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Tria
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Ripolone
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Napoli
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Moggio
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paola Dongiovanni,
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DNA2 mutation causing multisystemic disorder with impaired mitochondrial DNA maintenance. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:691-699. [PMID: 36064591 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a novel DNA2 variant contributing to defects in mtDNA maintenance and mtDNA depletion syndrome (MDS), and the clinical and histological findings associated with this variation. METHODS Herein, we describe the case of a patient who presented with hearing loss and myopathy, given the family history of similar findings in the father, was evaluated by sequencing of the deafness gene panel, mitochondrial genome, and the exome. Furthermore, tissue staining, mtDNA copy number detection, mtDNA sequencing, and long-range polymerase chain reaction tests were also conducted on the muscle biopsy specimen. In vitro experiments, including analyses of the mtDNA copy number; levels of ATP, ATPase, and reactive oxygen species (ROS); and the membrane potential, were performed. RESULTS The DNA2 heterozygous truncating variant c. 2368C > T (p.Q790X) was identified and verified as the cause of an mtDNA copy number decrement in both functional experiments and muscle tissue analyses. These changes were accompanied by reductions in ATP, ATPase, and ROS levels. CONCLUSION The DNA2 variant was a likely cause of MDS in this patient. These findings expand the mutational spectrum of MDS and improve our understanding of the functions of DNA2 by revealing its novel role in mtDNA maintenance.
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Boschetti E, Caporali L, D’Angelo R, Malagelada C, Accarino A, Dotti MT, Costa R, Cenacchi G, Pironi L, Rinaldi R, Stanghellini V, Ratti S, Manzoli L, Carelli V, De Giorgio R. Anatomical Laser Microdissection of the Ileum Reveals mtDNA Depletion Recovery in A Mitochondrial Neuro-Gastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) Patient Receiving Liver Transplant. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158792. [PMID: 35955927 PMCID: PMC9369323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
mitochondrial neuro-gastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by thymidine phosphorylase (TP) enzyme defect. The absence of TP activity induces the imbalance of mitochondrial nucleotide pool, leading to impaired mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and depletion. Since mtDNA is required to ensure oxidative phosphorylation, metabolically active tissues may not achieve sufficient energy production. The only effective life-saving approach in MNGIE has been the permanent replacement of TP via allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell or liver transplantation. However, the follow-up of transplanted patients showed that gut tissue changes do not revert and fatal complications, such as massive gastrointestinal bleeding, can occur. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether the reintroduction of TP after transplant can recover mtDNA copy number in a normal range. Using laser capture microdissection and droplet-digital-PCR, we assessed the mtDNA copy number in each layer of full-thickness ileal samples of a naive MNGIE cohort vs. controls and in a patient pre- and post-TP replacement. The treatment led to a significant recovery of gut tissue mtDNA amount, thus showing its efficacy. Our results indicate that a timely TP replacement is needed to maximize therapeutic success before irreversible degenerative tissue changes occur in MNGIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Boschetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (V.C.)
| | - Leonardo Caporali
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto D’Angelo
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carolina Malagelada
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Accarino
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Dotti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Roberta Costa
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cenacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Loris Pironi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Rinaldi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Stanghellini
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valerio Carelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (V.C.)
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
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Qiu Y, Huang Y, Chen M, Yang Y, Li X, Zhang W. Mitochondrial DNA in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Burns W, Chaudhari BP, Haffner DN. Neurogenetic and Metabolic Mimics of Common Neonatal Neurological Disorders. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2022; 42:100972. [PMID: 35868729 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2022.100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenetic and metabolic diseases often present in the neonatal period, masquerading as other disorders, most commonly as neonatal encephalopathy and seizures. Advancements in our understanding of inborn errors of metabolism are leading to an increasing number of therapeutic options. Many of these treatments can improve long-term neurodevelopment and seizure control. However, the treatments are frequently condition-specific. A high index of suspicion is required for prompt identification and treatment. When suspected, simultaneous metabolic and molecular testing are recommended along with concurrent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Burns
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.
| | - Bimal P Chaudhari
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Division of Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Darrah N Haffner
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Division of Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
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Spagnolo P, Semenzato U. Revealing the pathogenic and ageing-related mechanisms of the enigmatic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Curr Opin Pulm Med 2022; 28:296-302. [PMID: 35749794 PMCID: PMC10810353 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Growing evidence suggests that ageing-associated alterations occur in both idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we review the most recent literature on dysregulated ageing pathways in IPF and COPD and discuss how they may contribute to disease pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have shown that alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells undergo premature senescence under stress and that senescent ATII cells promote lung fibrogenesis. Some studies have explored the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in IPF. They have provided evidence that dysfunctional mitochondria are important contributors to fibrogenesis through release of damaged DNA and excessive formation of reactive oxygen species, whereas restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis may attenuate lung fibrosis. Insufficient autophagy has been shown to promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and aberrant epithelial-fibroblast crosstalk, suggesting that autophagy augmentation may represent a potential therapeutic strategy. A number of studies have also explored the role of cellular senescence, mitochondrial homeostasis and autophagy in COPD. SUMMARY Several ageing mechanisms are dysregulated in the lungs of patients with IPF and COPD, although how they contribute to disease development and progression remains elusive. Genetic or pharmacologic attenuation of senescence-related pathways and elimination of senescent cells may represent a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Spagnolo
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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40
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Chen YM, Chen W, Xu Y, Lu CS, Zhu MM, Sun RY, Wang Y, Chen Y, Shi J, Wang D. Novel compound heterozygous SUCLG1 variants may contribute to mitochondria DNA depletion syndrome-9. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e2010. [PMID: 35762302 PMCID: PMC9482404 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Succinate-CoA ligase/synthetase (SCS) deficiency is responsible for encephalomyopathy with mitochondrial DNA depletion and mild methylmalonic aciduria. Variants in SUCLG1, the nuclear gene encoding the alpha subunit of the SCS enzyme playing a pivotal role in maintaining mtDNA integrity and stability, are associated with mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 9 (MTDPS9). METHODS In this study, we reported an infant with clinical features of MTDPS9 from China. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was used to identify the genetic cause. Bioinformatic analysis and mtDNA level detection were performed to assess pathogenicity. RESULTS The proband manifested with hypotonia, lactic acidosis, mild methylmalonic aciduria, hearing loss and psychomotor retardation. WES identified new compound heterozygous SUCLG1 variants of c.601A>G (p.R201G) in exon 6 and c.871G>C (p.A291P) in exon 8. Computational analysis predicted that these missense variants might alter structure stability and mitochondrial translocation of SUCLG1. qRT-PCR showed 68% depletion of mtDNA content in proband as compared to controls. CONCLUSION Novel compound heterozygous variants c.601A>G (p.R201G) and c.871G>C (p.A291P) in SUCLG1 may cause MTDPS9 in this family. Our finding should be helpful for molecular diagnosis, genetic counseling and clinical management of SCS deficiency disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Chen
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao-Sheng Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mian-Mian Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong-Yue Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yihong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaming Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Gene Therapy for Mitochondrial Diseases: Current Status and Future Perspective. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061287. [PMID: 35745859 PMCID: PMC9231068 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) are a group of severe genetic disorders caused by mutations in the nuclear or mitochondrial genome encoding proteins involved in the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. MDs have a wide range of symptoms, ranging from organ-specific to multisystemic dysfunctions, with different clinical outcomes. The lack of natural history information, the limits of currently available preclinical models, and the wide range of phenotypic presentations seen in MD patients have all hampered the development of effective therapies. The growing number of pre-clinical and clinical trials over the last decade has shown that gene therapy is a viable precision medicine option for treating MD. However, several obstacles must be overcome, including vector design, targeted tissue tropism and efficient delivery, transgene expression, and immunotoxicity. This manuscript offers a comprehensive overview of the state of the art of gene therapy in MD, addressing the main challenges, the most feasible solutions, and the future perspectives of the field.
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Hanaford AR, Cho YJ, Nakai H. AAV-vector based gene therapy for mitochondrial disease: progress and future perspectives. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:217. [PMID: 35668433 PMCID: PMC9169410 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of rare, heterogeneous diseases caused by gene mutations in both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes that result in defects in mitochondrial function. They are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality as they affect multiple organ systems and particularly those with high energy-utilizing tissues, such as the nervous system, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle. Virtually no effective treatments exist for these patients, despite the urgent need. As the majority of these conditions are monogenic and caused by mutations in nuclear genes, gene replacement is a highly attractive therapeutic strategy. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a well-characterized gene replacement vector, and its safety profile and ability to transduce quiescent cells nominates it as a potential gene therapy vehicle for several mitochondrial diseases. Indeed, AAV vector-based gene replacement is currently being explored in clinical trials for one mitochondrial disease (Leber hereditary optic neuropathy) and preclinical studies have been published investigating this strategy in other mitochondrial diseases. This review summarizes the preclinical findings of AAV vector-based gene replacement therapy for mitochondrial diseases including Leigh syndrome, Barth syndrome, ethylmalonic encephalopathy, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Hanaford
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Reserach Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Yoon-Jae Cho
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Nakai
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
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43
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Compound Heterozygous Mutations Presented with Quadriparesis and Menopause. A Case Report. Twin Res Hum Genet 2022; 25:74-76. [DOI: 10.1017/thg.2022.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mitochondrion regulates cellular metabolism with the aid of its respiratory complexes; any defect within these complexes can result in mitochondrial malfunction and various conditions. One such mutation can occur in SLC25A10, resulting in mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome. It should be noted that the pattern of inheritance of this syndrome is autosomal recessive. However, we present a case with compound heterozygous mutations within this gene resulting in disease. An 18-year-old female was referred to our clinic due to menopause with a medical history of hearing loss, spasticity, hypotonia and quadriparesis. The child’s birth and development were uneventful until the initiation of movement reduction and hypotonia when she was 12 months old. Afterward, the hypotonia progressed to quadriparesis and spasticity throughout the years. Our patient became completely quadriplegic up to the age of 3 and became completely deaf at 10. Her puberty onset was at the age of 9, and no significant event took place until she was 17 years old when suddenly her periods, which were regular until that time, became irregular and ceased after a year; hence, a thorough evaluation began, but similar to her previous evaluations all tests were insignificant. Nonetheless, we suspected an underlying metabolic or genetic defect; thus, we ordered a whole-exome sequencing (WES) workup and found simultaneous heterozygous mutations within SLC25A10, HFE and TTN genes that could explain her condition. When all other tests fail, and we suspect an underlying genetic or metabolic cause, WES can be of great value.
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Morton SU, Christodoulou J, Costain G, Muntoni F, Wakeling E, Wojcik MH, French CE, Szuto A, Dowling JJ, Cohn RD, Raymond FL, Darras BT, Williams DA, Lunke S, Stark Z, Rowitch DH, Agrawal PB. Multicenter Consensus Approach to Evaluation of Neonatal Hypotonia in the Genomic Era: A Review. JAMA Neurol 2022; 79:405-413. [PMID: 35254387 PMCID: PMC10134401 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Importance Infants with hypotonia can present with a variety of potentially severe clinical signs and symptoms and often require invasive testing and multiple procedures. The wide range of clinical presentations and potential etiologies leaves diagnosis and prognosis uncertain, underscoring the need for rapid elucidation of the underlying genetic cause of disease. Observations The clinical application of exome sequencing or genome sequencing has dramatically improved the timely yield of diagnostic testing for neonatal hypotonia, with diagnostic rates of greater than 50% in academic neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) across Australia, Canada, the UK, and the US, which compose the International Precision Child Health Partnership (IPCHiP). A total of 74% (17 of 23) of patients had a change in clinical care in response to genetic diagnosis, including 2 patients who received targeted therapy. This narrative review discusses the common causes of neonatal hypotonia, the relative benefits and limitations of available testing modalities used in NICUs, and hypotonia management recommendations. Conclusions and Relevance This narrative review summarizes the causes of neonatal hypotonia and the benefits of prompt genetic diagnosis, including improved prognostication and identification of targeted treatments which can improve the short-term and long-term outcomes. Institutional resources can vary among different NICUs; as a result, consideration should be given to rule out a small number of relatively unique conditions for which rapid targeted genetic testing is available. Nevertheless, the consensus recommendation is to use rapid genome or exome sequencing as a first-line testing option for NICU patients with unexplained hypotonia. As part of the IPCHiP, this diagnostic experience will be collected in a central database with the goal of advancing knowledge of neonatal hypotonia and improving evidence-based practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah U Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Christodoulou
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregory Costain
- Division of Clinical & Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program for Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- National Institute for Health Research Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,North East Thames Regional Genetic Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Wakeling
- North East Thames Regional Genetic Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Monica H Wojcik
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Courtney E French
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anna Szuto
- Department of Genetic Counselling, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James J Dowling
- Program for Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald D Cohn
- Division of Clinical & Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program for Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - F Lucy Raymond
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Basil T Darras
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David A Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sebastian Lunke
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zornitza Stark
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David H Rowitch
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Fang H, Xie A, Du M, Li X, Yang K, Fu Y, Yuan X, Fan R, Yu W, Zhou Z, Sang T, Nie K, Li J, Zhao Q, Chen Z, Yang Y, Hong C, Lyu J. SERAC1 is a component of the mitochondrial serine transporter complex required for the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabl6992. [PMID: 35235340 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abl6992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SERAC1 deficiency is associated with the mitochondrial 3-methylglutaconic aciduria with deafness, (hepatopathy), encephalopathy, and Leigh-like disease [MEGD(H)EL] syndrome, but the role of SERAC1 in mitochondrial physiology remains unknown. Here, we generated Serac1-/- mice that mimic the major diagnostic clinical and biochemical phenotypes of the MEGD(H)EL syndrome. We found that SERAC1 localizes to the outer mitochondrial membrane and is a protein component of the one-carbon cycle. By interacting with the mitochondrial serine transporter protein SFXN1, SERAC1 facilitated and was required for SFXN1-mediated serine transport from the cytosol to the mitochondria. Loss of SERAC1 impaired the one-carbon cycle and disrupted the balance of the nucleotide pool, which led to primary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion in mice, HEK293T cells, and patient-derived immortalized lymphocyte cells due to insufficient supply of nucleotides. Moreover, both in vitro and in vivo supplementation of nucleosides/nucleotides restored mtDNA content and mitochondrial function. Collectively, our findings suggest that MEGD(H)EL syndrome shares both clinical and molecular features with the mtDNA depletion syndrome, and nucleotide supplementation may be an effective therapeutic strategy for MEGD(H)EL syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhi Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Anran Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Miaomiao Du
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xueyun Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.,Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Kaiqiang Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yinxu Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiangshu Yuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Runxiao Fan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Weidong Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhuohua Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Tiantian Sang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ke Nie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jin Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qiongya Zhao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Zhehui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Yanling Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Chaoyang Hong
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Wang H, Han Y, Li S, Chen Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Xia Y, Yuan J. Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome and Its Associated Cardiac Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:808115. [PMID: 35237671 PMCID: PMC8882844 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.808115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria is a ubiquitous, energy-supplying (ATP-based) organelle found in nearly all eukaryotes. It acts as a “power plant” by producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, providing energy for the cell. The bioenergetic functions of mitochondria are regulated by nuclear genes (nDNA). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and respiratory enzymes lose normal structure and function when nuclear genes encoding the related mitochondrial factors are impaired, resulting in deficiency in energy production. Massive generation of reactive oxygen species and calcium overload are common causes of mitochondrial diseases. The mitochondrial depletion syndrome (MDS) is associated with the mutations of mitochondrial genes in the nucleus. It is a heterogeneous group of progressive disorders characterized by the low mtDNA copy number. TK2, FBXL4, TYPM, and AGK are genes known to be related to MDS. More recent studies identified new mutation loci associated with this disease. Herein, we first summarize the structure and function of mitochondria, and then discuss the characteristics of various types of MDS and its association with cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yijun Han
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shenwei Li
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yunan Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yafen Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Dongying Fifth People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jingsuo Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology of Shandong Higher Education, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Yong Xia
| | - Jinxiang Yuan
- The Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Jinxiang Yuan
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Metabolic Reprogramming in Response to Alterations of Mitochondrial DNA and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031857. [PMID: 35163779 PMCID: PMC8836428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We used gastric cancer cell line AGS and clinical samples to investigate the roles of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations and mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). A total of 131 clinical samples, including 17 normal gastric mucosa (N-GM) from overweight patients who had received sleeve gastrectomy and 57 paired non-cancerous gastric mucosae (NC-GM) and GAC from GAC patients who had undergone partial/subtotal/total gastrectomy, were recruited to examine the copy number and D310 sequences of mtDNA. The gastric cancer cell line AGS was used with knockdown (KD) mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) to achieve mitochondrial dysfunction through a decrease of mtDNA copy number. Parental (PT), null-target (NT), and TFAM-KD-(A/B/C) represented the parental, control, and TFAM knocked-down AGS cells, respectively. These cells were used to compare the parameters reflecting mitochondrial biogenesis, glycolysis, and cell migration activity. The median mtDNA copy numbers of 17 N-GM, 57 NC-GM, and 57 GAC were 0.058, 0.055, and 0.045, respectively. The trend of decrease was significant (p = 0.030). In addition, GAC had a lower mean mtDNA copy number of 0.055 as compared with the paired NC-GM of 0.078 (p < 0.001). The mean mtDNA copy number ratio (mtDNA copy number of GAC/mtDNA copy number of paired NC-GM) was 0.891. A total of 35 (61.4%) GAC samples had an mtDNA copy number ratio ≤0.804 (p = 0.017) and 27 (47.4%) harbored a D310 mutation (p = 0.047), and these patients had shorter survival time and poorer prognosis. After effective knockdown of TFAM, TFAM-KD-B/C cells expressed higher levels of hexokinase II (HK-II) and v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 gene (AKT)-encoded AKT, but lower levels of phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase (p-PDH) than did the NT/PT AGS cells. Except for a higher level of p-PDH, the expression levels of these proteins remained unchanged in TFAM-KD-A, which had a mild knockdown of TFAM. Compared to those of NT, TFAM-KD-C had not only a lower mtDNA copy number (p = 0.050), but also lower oxygen consumption rates (OCR), including basal respiration (OCRBR), ATP-coupled respiration (OCRATP), reserve capacity (OCRRC), and proton leak (OCRPL)(all with p = 0.050). In contrast, TFAM-KD-C expressed a higher extracellular acidification rate (ECAR)/OCRBR ratio (p = 0.050) and a faster wound healing migration at 6, 12, and 18 h, respectively (all with p = 0.050). Beyond a threshold, the decrease in mtDNA copy number, the mtDNA D310 mutation, and mitochondrial dysfunction were involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of GACs. Activation of PDH might be considered as compensation for the mitochondrial dysfunction in response to glucose metabolic reprogramming or to adjust mitochondrial plasticity in GAC.
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48
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Molecular Genetics Overview of Primary Mitochondrial Myopathies. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030632. [PMID: 35160083 PMCID: PMC8836969 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are the most common inherited conditions, characterized by defects in oxidative phosphorylation and caused by mutations in nuclear or mitochondrial genes. Due to its high energy request, skeletal muscle is typically involved. According to the International Workshop of Experts in Mitochondrial Diseases held in Rome in 2016, the term Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy (PMM) should refer to those mitochondrial disorders affecting principally, but not exclusively, the skeletal muscle. The clinical presentation may include general isolated myopathy with muscle weakness, exercise intolerance, chronic ophthalmoplegia/ophthalmoparesis (cPEO) and eyelids ptosis, or multisystem conditions where there is a coexistence with extramuscular signs and symptoms. In recent years, new therapeutic targets have been identified leading to the launch of some promising clinical trials that have mainly focused on treating muscle symptoms and that require populations with defined genotype. Advantages in next-generation sequencing techniques have substantially improved diagnosis. So far, an increasing number of mutations have been identified as responsible for mitochondrial disorders. In this review, we focused on the principal molecular genetic alterations in PMM. Accordingly, we carried out a comprehensive review of the literature and briefly discussed the possible approaches which could guide the clinician to a genetic diagnosis.
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Xu J, Shen J, Yuan R, Jia B, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhang Y, Liu M, Wang T. Mitochondrial Targeting Therapeutics: Promising Role of Natural Products in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:796207. [PMID: 35002729 PMCID: PMC8733608 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.796207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide, and its prevalence is still growing rapidly. However, the efficient therapies for this liver disease are still limited. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been proven to be closely associated with NAFLD. The mitochondrial injury caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and oxidative stress can aggravate the hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis. which contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD. Therefore, pharmacological therapies that target mitochondria could be a promising way for the NAFLD intervention. Recently, natural products targeting mitochondria have been extensively studied and have shown promising pharmacological activity. In this review, the recent research progress on therapeutic effects of natural-product-derived compounds that target mitochondria and combat NAFLD was summarized, aiming to provide new potential therapeutic lead compounds and reference for the innovative drug development and clinical treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayan Shen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruolan Yuan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bona Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Sijian Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Wang J, Balciuniene J, Diaz-Miranda MA, McCormick EM, Aref-Eshghi E, Muir AM, Cao K, Troiani J, Moseley A, Fan Z, Zolkipli-Cunningham Z, Goldstein A, Ganetzky RD, Muraresku CC, Peterson JT, Spinner NB, Wallace DC, Dulik MC, Falk MJ. Advanced approach for comprehensive mtDNA genome testing in mitochondrial disease. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 135:93-101. [PMID: 34969639 PMCID: PMC8877466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disease diagnosis requires interrogation of both nuclear and mitochondrial (mtDNA) genomes for single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number alterations, both in the proband and often maternal relatives, together with careful phenotype correlation. We developed a comprehensive mtDNA sequencing test ('MitoGenome') using long-range PCR (LR-PCR) to amplify the full length of the mtDNA genome followed by next generation sequencing (NGS) to accurately detect SNVs and large-scale mtDNA deletions (LSMD), combined with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for LSMD heteroplasmy quantification. Overall, MitoGenome tests were performed on 428 samples from 394 patients with suspected or confirmed mitochondrial disease. The positive yield was 11% (43/394), including 34 patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic SNVs (the most common being m.3243A > G in 8/34 (24%) patients), 8 patients with single LSMD, and 3 patients with multiple LSMD exceeding 10% heteroplasmy levels. Two patients with both LSMD and pathogenic SNV were detected. Overall, this LR-PCR/NGS assay provides a highly accurate and comprehensive diagnostic method for simultaneous mtDNA SNV detection at heteroplasmy levels as low as 1% and LSMD detection at heteroplasmy levels below 10%. Inclusion of maternal samples for variant classification and ddPCR to quantify LSMD heteroplasmy levels further enables accurate pathogenicity assessment and clinical correlation interpretation of mtDNA genome sequence variants and copy number alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jorune Balciuniene
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Alejandra Diaz-Miranda
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M McCormick
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erfan Aref-Eshghi
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alison M Muir
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kajia Cao
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juliana Troiani
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alicia Moseley
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhiqian Fan
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zarazuela Zolkipli-Cunningham
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy Goldstein
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca D Ganetzky
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colleen C Muraresku
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James T Peterson
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy B Spinner
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew C Dulik
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Marni J Falk
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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