1
|
Zhang G, Li X, Huang C, Jiang Y, Su J, Hu Y. Preparation of the Levo-Tetrahydropalmatine Liposome Gel and Its Transdermal Study. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4617-4632. [PMID: 37600118 PMCID: PMC10438440 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s422305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to develop a liposome gel containing levo-tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP) and evaluate its transdermal properties. Methods A L16 (43) orthogonal experiment was conducted to optimize the preparation of l-THP liposomes and assess their characterization and stability in a gel. The transdermal features were analyzed through in vivo and in vitro experiments on rats and Strat-M® membrane, respectively. The metabolism of l-THP in liver and skin S9 fractions was also studied. Results The optimization of the orthogonal experiment revealed that the ideal mass ratio of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and l-THP during preparation was 10:1:3. The resulting liposome exhibited a particle size of 68 nm, a PDI of 0.27, a drug loading of 4.33%, an encapsulation of 18.79%, and a zeta potential of -41.27 mV. Both the l-THP and its liposome-gel formulation were found to be stable for a duration of 45 days at 4 °C and 30 °C. During the in vivo transdermal study, the maximum concentration (Cmax) of l-THP from the liposome gel was 0.16 μg/mL, and the time to reach this maximum concentration (tmax) was 1.2 hours. The relative bioavailability of l-THP in the liposome gel was 233.8% compared to the emulsion. The concentration of l-THP (prepared in PBS) decreased at a rate of 0.0067 μg/mL/min in the liver S9 fraction and 0.0027 μg/mL/min in the skin S9 fraction, however, this difference was not observed when l-THP was encapsulated in liposomes. l-THP passed through the Strat-M® membrane at a rate of 0.0032 mg/cm2/h and 0.002 mg/cm2/h for the emulsion and liposome gel, respectively. Conclusion The optimal process for the preparation of l-THP liposomes was obtained. Compared to the emulsion, the liposomes provided greater bioavailability when used transdermally. The liposomes also provided greater stability for l-THP during storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guizhen Zhang
- Guangxi Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejian Li
- Guangxi Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyun Huang
- Guangxi Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Guangxi Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Su
- Guangxi Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Hu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oleinichenko D, Ahn S, Song R, Snutch TP, Phillips AG. Morphine Withdrawal-Induced Hyperalgesia in Models of Acute and Extended Withdrawal Is Attenuated by l-Tetrahydropalmatine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108872. [PMID: 37240217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective pain control is an underappreciated aspect of managing opioid withdrawal, and its absence presents a significant barrier to successful opioid detoxification. Accordingly, there is an urgent need for effective non-opioid treatments to facilitate opioid detoxification. l-Tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP) possesses powerful analgesic properties and is an active ingredient in botanical formulations used in Vietnam for the treatment of opioid withdrawal syndrome. In this study, rats receiving morphine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 days per week displayed a progressive increase in pain thresholds during acute 23 h withdrawal as assessed by an automated Von Frey test. A single dose of l-THP (5 or 7.5 mg/kg, p.o.) administered during the 4th and 5th weeks of morphine treatment significantly improves pain tolerance scores. A 7-day course of l-THP treatment in animals experiencing extended withdrawal significantly attenuates hyperalgesia and reduces the number of days to recovery to baseline pain thresholds by 61% when compared to vehicle-treated controls. This indicates that the efficacy of l-THP on pain perception extends beyond its half-life. As a non-opioid treatment for reversing a significant hyperalgesic state during withdrawal, l-THP may be a valuable addition to the currently limited arsenal of opioid detoxification treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Oleinichenko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Soyon Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ru Song
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Terrance P Snutch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Anthony G Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Du Q, Meng X, Wang S. A Comprehensive Review on the Chemical Properties, Plant Sources, Pharmacological Activities, Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Characteristics of Tetrahydropalmatine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:890078. [PMID: 35559252 PMCID: PMC9086320 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.890078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydropalmatine (THP), a tetrahydroproberine isoquinoline alkaloid, is widely present in some botanical drugs, such as Stephania epigaea H.S. Lo (Menispermaceae; Radix stephaniae epigaeae), Corydalis yanhusuo (Y.H.Chou & Chun C.Hsu) W.T. Wang ex Z.Y. Su and C.Y. Wu (Papaveraceae; Corydalis rhizoma), and Phellodendron chinense C.K.Schneid (Berberidaceae; Phellodendri chinensis cortex). THP has attracted considerable attention because of its diverse pharmacological activities. In this review, the chemical properties, plant sources, pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetic and toxicological characteristics of THP were systematically summarized for the first time. The results indicated that THP mainly existed in Papaveraceae and Menispermaceae families. Its pharmacological activities include anti-addiction, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, neuroprotective, and antitumor effects. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that THP was inadequately absorbed in the intestine and had rapid clearance and low bioavailability in vivo, as well as self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems, which could increase the absorption level and absorption rate of THP and improve its bioavailability. In addition, THP may have potential cardiac and neurological toxicity, but toxicity studies of THP are limited, especially its long-duration and acute toxicity tests. In summary, THP, as a natural alkaloid, has application prospects and potential development value, which is promising to be a novel drug for the treatment of pain, inflammation, and other related diseases. Further research on its potential target, molecular mechanism, toxicity, and oral utilization should need to be strengthened in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinyun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang YB, Ma ZG, Zheng C, Ma XKK, Taylor DH, Gao M, Lukas RJ, Wu J. Levo-tetrahydropalmatine inhibits α4β2 nicotinic receptor response to nicotine in cultured SH-EP1 cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:889-896. [PMID: 34253876 PMCID: PMC8975845 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine, a major component of tobacco, is highly addictive and acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to stimulate reward-associated circuits in the brain. It is well known that nAChRs play critical roles in mediating nicotine reward and addiction. Current FDA-approved medications for smoking cessation are the antidepressant bupropion and the nicotinic partial agonist varenicline, yet both are limited by adverse side effects and moderate efficacy. Thus, development of more efficacious medications with fewer side effects for nicotine addiction and smoking cessation is urgently needed. l-Tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP) is an active ingredient of the Chinese medicinal herb Corydalis ambigua that possesses rich neuropharmacological actions on dopamine (DA) receptors in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic reward pathway. L-THP has been explored as anti-addiction treatments for drug abuse including nicotine. However, the targets and mechanisms of l-THP-caused anti-nicotine effects are largely unknown. In this study we address this question by elucidating the effects of l-THP on human neuronal nAChRs using patch-clamp recordings. Human neuronal α4β2-nAChRs were heterologously expressed in SH-EP1 human epithelial cells. Bath application of nicotine (0.1-100 μM) induced inward currents, co-application of l-THP (3 μM) inhibited nicotine-induced currents in the transfected cells. L-THP-caused inhibition was concentration-dependent (the EC50 values for inhibiting the peak and steady-state current were 18 and 2.1 μM, respectively) and non-competitive. Kinetic analysis of the whole-cell currents showed that l-THP slowed rising time and accelerated decay time constants. L-THP specifically modulated α4β2-nAChRs, as it did not affect α7-nAChRs or α1*-nAChRs (muscle type). Interestingly, two putative α4β2-nAChR isoforms, namely sazetidine A-activated, high-sensitive one (α42β23-nAChR) and cytisine-activated, low-sensitive one (α43β22-nAChR) were pharmacologically separated, and the low-sensitive one was more susceptible to l-THP inhibition than the high-sensitive one. In conclusion, we demonstrate that l-THP blocks neuronal α4β2-nAChR function, which may underlie its inhibition on nicotine addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Bing Huang
- Department of Neurology, Yunfu People's Hospital, Yunfu, 527300, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Ze-Gang Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
- Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 695011, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
- Institution of Brain Sciences and Diseases, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiao-Kuang K Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Devin H Taylor
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
- Department of Biology, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT, 84058, USA
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Ronald J Lukas
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
- Institution of Brain Sciences and Diseases, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tung NT, Tran CS, Nguyen TL, Pham TMH, Chi SC, Nguyen HA, Bui QD, Bui DN, Tran TQ. Effect of surfactant on the in vitro dissolution and the oral bioavailability of a weakly basic drug from an amorphous solid dispersion. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 162:105836. [PMID: 33852972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of a surfactant on the liquid-liquid phase separation, dissolution, diffusion, and the oral bioavailability of a weakly basic drug (l-tetrahydropalmatine; l-THP) from an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD). The carrier used in the ASD was optimized by the application of casting film, solvent shift, and pH shift methods. The interaction between the optimized carrier (HPMCP) and l-THP was then evaluated by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. The impact of the surfactant on ASD prepared by the spray-drying method was evaluated by both in vitro and in vivo studies. The results of in vitro studies, including liquid-liquid phase separation, drug diffusion, and pH-shift dissolution, indicated that the addition of a surfactant at a certain concentration below critical micelle concentration to ASD caused the precipitation of and a reduction in the membrane diffusion of l-THP in pH 6.8. This observation was confirmed in an in vivo study in which the drug concentration of l-THP in rabbit plasma was determined by the LC-MS/MS analysis method. Then the absolute and relative bioavailability of l-THP was calculated from the obtained pharmacokinetic parameters. Specifically, the addition of 1.5% surfactant (Poloxamer 188) to the binary ASD decreased the relative bioavailability of l-THP by approximately 2.4 times compared with the original binary ASD. Besides, the study proved that l-THP had low absolute bioavailability (around 1.24%), and the application of binary ASD was meaningful in enhancing the oral bioavailability of l-THP by around 334.77% compared to the raw material. The study is expected to provide a better understanding of how different dosage forms influence the bioavailability of l-THP, thereby allowing the selection of the optimal approach for this weakly basic drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tran-Linh Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Hoang-Anh Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Vietnam
| | | | - Duc-Nhat Bui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Quyen Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Zhang T, Huai J, Cheng C, Xie L, Wang S, Dai R. Pharmacokinetic study of three different formulations of l-tetrahydropalmatine in brain tissues of rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5066. [PMID: 33452741 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
l-Tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP), an active alkaloid compound isolated from Rhizoma Corydalis-yanhusuo, has been reported to possess biological activity for treating cocaine use. To enhance both oral bioavailability and brain penetration, three formulations of l-THP suspension, mixture of l-THP-puerarin and self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) were prepared. A sensitive and reliable ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of l-THP and its active metabolite l-isocorypalmine (l-ICP) in rat brain. Diazepam was used as the internal standard. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Bonshell ASB C18 column at 30°C using acetonitrile-aqueous formic acid as mobile phase in gradient mode. The linearity was validated over the concentration ranges of 4.00-2,500 ng/ml for l-THP and 0.400-500 ng/ml for l-ICP. Full method validation was within the acceptance limits. The method was successfully used to determine the pharmacokinetics of two analytes following oral administration of these three formulations to rats. A significant difference was observed in the main pharmacokinetic parameters between SMEDDS and the suspension, and a 3.25- and 2.97-fold increase in the relative bioavailability of l-THP and l-ICP, respectively, was observed with the SMEDDS compared with the suspension formulation. It was concluded that SMEDDS enhanced the absorption of l-THP and l-ICP and delayed their release in brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiaxin Huai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Congcong Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Linlin Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ronghua Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Y, Zhang T, Huai J, Cheng C, Xie L, Wang S, Dai R. Metabolite profiling ofl-isocorypalmine in rat urine, plasma, and feces after oral administration using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:619-627. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Teng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Huai
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Congcong Cheng
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Linlin Xie
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Ronghua Dai
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Development of solidified self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems containing l-tetrahydropalmatine: Design of experiment approach and bioavailability comparison. Int J Pharm 2018; 537:9-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
9
|
Abdallah IA, Huang P, Liu J, Lee DY, Liu-Chen LY, Hassan HE. Development and validation of a high performance liquid chromatography quantification method of levo-tetrahydropalmatine and its metabolites in plasma and brain tissues: application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 27606501 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Levo-tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP) is an alkaloid isolated from Chinese medicinal herbs of the Corydalis and Stephania genera. It has been used in China for more than 40 years mainly as an analgesic with sedative/hypnotic effects. Despite its extensive use, its metabolism has not been quantitatively studied, nor there a sensitive reliable bioanalytical method for its quantification simultaneously with its metabolites. As such, the objective of this study was to develop and validate a sensitive and selective HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of l-THP and its desmethyl metabolites l-corydalmine (l-CD) and l-corypalmine (l-CP) in rat plasma and brain tissues. Rat plasma and brain samples were processed by liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a reversed-phase Symmetry® C18 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm) at 25°C. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-methanol-10 mm ammonium phosphate (pH 3) (10:30:60, v/v) and was used at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The column eluent was monitored at excitation and emission wavelengths of 230 and 315 nm, respectively. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 1-10,000 ng/mL. The intra- and interday reproducibility studies demonstrated accuracy and precision within the acceptance criteria of bioanalytical guidelines. The validated HPLC method was successfully applied to analyze samples from a pharmacokinetic study of l-THP in rats. Taken together, the developed method can be applied for bioanalysis of l-THP and its metabolites in rodents and potentially can be transferred for bioanalysis of human samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inas A Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Peng Huang
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Bio-Organic and Natural Products Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Y Lee
- Bio-Organic and Natural Products Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lee-Yuan Liu-Chen
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hazem E Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hassan HE, Kelly D, Honick M, Shukla S, Ibrahim A, Gorelick DA, Glassman M, McMahon RP, Wehring HJ, Kearns AM, Feldman S, Yu M, Bauer K, Wang JB. Pharmacokinetics and Safety Assessment of l-Tetrahydropalmatine in Cocaine Users: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 57:151-160. [PMID: 27363313 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) remains a significant public health challenge. l-Tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP), a well-tolerated and nonaddictive compound, shows promise for the management of CUD. Its pharmacologic profile includes blockade at dopamine and other monoamine receptors and attenuation of cocaine self-administration, reinstatement, and rewarding properties in rats. This study evaluated the safety of l-THP in human cocaine users and its influence on the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of cocaine. Twenty-four cocaine-using adult men were randomized to receive l-THP (30 mg twice a day orally) or placebo double-blind for 4 days, with an intranasal cocaine (40 mg) challenge on the fourth day. Safety and tolerability were evaluated using vital signs, ECG, clinical laboratory tests, and standardized self-report instruments. Peripheral venous blood was collected periodically and later assayed for l-THP and cocaine using highly sensitive and specific ultraperformance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (UPLC-FLD) methods. Twenty subjects completed the study, of whom 19 provided complete PK data. The short 3.5-day course of l-THP was safe and well tolerated and did not affect cocaine's PK or its acute cardiovascular effects. The cocaine AUC0→∞ was 211.5 and 261.4 h·ng/mL, and the Cmax was 83.3 and 104.5 ng/mL for the l-THP and placebo groups, respectively. In addition there were no significant differences in the number of side effects reported in each group (l-THP group 22 [48%], placebo group 24 [52%]) or vital signs including, heart rate, blood pressure, complete blood count, or ECG. These findings suggest that oral THP has promise for further development as a treatment for CUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazem E Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Deanna Kelly
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Moshe Honick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sagar Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ahmed Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David A Gorelick
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Glassman
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert P McMahon
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heidi J Wehring
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ann Marie Kearns
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Feldman
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mingming Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ken Bauer
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
| | - Jia Bei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pharmacokinetic analysis of levo-tetrahydropalmatine in rabbit plasma by rapid sample preparation and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1008:81-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
12
|
Yu M, Hassan HE, Ibrahim A, Bauer KS, Kelly DL, Wang JB. Simultaneous determination of L-tetrahydropalmatine and cocaine in human plasma by simple UPLC-FLD method: application in clinical studies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 965:39-44. [PMID: 24996068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there are no FDA approved medications for treatment of cocaine addiction underscoring the dire need to develop such a product. There is an accumulating body of evidence that l-tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP), a non-selective dopamine antagonist, can be used for the treatment of cocaine addiction. Indeed, the FDA recently approved its usage in a Phase I study in cocaine abusers and it was indispensable to develop a simple and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of l-THP and cocaine in human plasma. We developed a UPLC-FLD method for quantitation of these molecules using an ACQUITY BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50mm, 1.7 μm) and a mobile phase that consisted of 10mM ammonium phosphate (pH=4.75), methanol, and acetonitrile (v:v:v, 78:16:6). Venlafaxine was used as the internal standard while hexane was used for the liquid-liquid extraction. The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min with fluorescence detection using an excitation wavelength of 230 nm and emission detection wavelength of 315 nm. This method was selective, linear and sensitive with a lower limit of quantification of 2.5 ng/mL for both cocaine and l-THP. The intra-day precision of cocaine and l-THP was <9.50% while the accuracy was <4.29%. The inter-day precision of cocaine and l-THP was <9.14%, and the accuracy was <12.49%. The recovery for cocaine and l-THP ranged from 43.95 to 50.02% and 54.65 to 58.31%, respectively. In comparison to forty reported cocaine quantitation methods this method is simple, sensitive and cost-effective and can be used for simultaneous quantitation of l-THP and cocaine. This method meets the FDA guidelines and can be used in current and future clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hazem E Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kenneth S Bauer
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Deanna L Kelly
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
| | - Jia Bei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gao Y, Hu S, Zhang M, Li L, Lin Y. Simultaneous determination of four alkaloids in mice plasma and brain by LC-MS/MS for pharmacokinetic studies after administration of Corydalis Rhizoma and Yuanhu Zhitong extracts. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 92:6-12. [PMID: 24469095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of tetrahydropalmatine, coptisine, palmatine and dehydrocorydaline in mice plasma and brain after intraperitoneal administration of the extracts of Yuanhu Zhitong (YZ) and Corydalis Rhizoma (CR). Biological samples were processed with ethyl acetate extraction. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water (containing 10mM ammonium acetate, adjusted with acetic acid to pH 4.25) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4mL/min. Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer using positive ion ESI in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The calibration curves for all analytes had good linearity (r(2)>0.9910). The intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD) were within 13.9%, and accuracy (RE) was between -12.0% and 13.7%. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic and brain distribution study after administration of the extracts of YZ and CR. The pharmacokinetic study indicated that the AUC of plasma and brain increased, and the CL of the two matrixes decreased after administration of YZ when compared with CR (p<0.05). The four analytes could cross the blood-brain barrier in vivo and elucidate the potentials for the treatment of diseases of the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shuang Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lilong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yining Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang J, Liang L, Zhang Q, Li X, Fu Z. Preclinical pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion studies of a potential analgesics - corydaline using an ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 942-943:70-6. [PMID: 24216274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A rapid resolution ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantitative analysis of corydaline in rats' plasma and various tissues for pharmacokinetic, tissue distribution and excretion studies of corydaline. The analytes were separated on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1mm×100mm, 1.7μm) and detected with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer using positive ion ESI in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were m/z 370.0→192.0 for corydaline and 354.1→188.0 for IS, respectively. Calibration curves (1/x(2) weighted) offered satisfactory linearity (r(2)>0.9984) within 1-1000ng/mL. The accuracy and precision ranged from -7.4% to 8.5% and 3.4% to 12.8%, respectively. The absolute matrix effect (94.2-119.2%), relative matrix effect (1.7-9.6%) and recoveries (81.4-93.7%) were satisfactory in all the biological matrices examined. The assay was successfully applied to the plasma pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion studies of corydaline in rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life (t1/2), mean residence time (MRT) and maximum concentration (Cmax) were determined. These preclinical data of corydaline would be useful for the clinical reference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Pain management, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
l-tetrahydropalamatine: a potential new medication for the treatment of cocaine addiction. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:177-86. [PMID: 22300097 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Levo-tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP) is an active constituent of herbal preparations containing plant species of the genera Stephania and Corydalis and has been approved and used in China for a number of clinical indications under the drug name Rotundine. The pharmacological profile of l-THP, which includes antagonism of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors and actions at dopamine D3, α adrenergic and serotonin receptors, suggests that it may have utility for treating cocaine addiction. In this review, we provide an overview of the pharmacological properties of l-THP and the evidence supporting its development as an anti-addiction medication. The results of preclinical work demonstrating that l-THP attenuates cocaine's reinforcing/rewarding effects and reinstatement in rat models of cocaine relapse are summarized, and the outcomes of studies demonstrating efficacy in human addicts are described. Finally, an overview of the safety profile of l-THP is provided and challenges associated with US FDA approval of l-THP are discussed.
Collapse
|