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Mungmunpuntipantip R, Wiwanitkit V. Orf, a Human Parapoxvirus Infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1451:171-181. [PMID: 38801578 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Despite being common worldwide, parapoxvirus infections are regarded as neglected zoonoses because their incidence is either unknown or grossly overestimated. In ruminants all throughout the world, parapoxvirus produces oral lesions and infectious pustular dermatitis. The pathogen is typically spread directly via items contaminated with parapoxvirus and indirectly via a near contact with dermatological lesions that contain the virus on affected animals. Animals infected with the parapoxvirus typically exhibit no clinical symptoms, and the mode of parapoxvirus transmission is occasionally unclear. For accurate etiological diagnosis and appropriate therapy of patients affected by zoonotic infections, the significance of adopting a "One Health" approach and cross-sector collaboration between human and veterinary medicine should be emphasized. The causative pathogen of ecthyma contagiosum in general people is the orf virus, which mostly infects various animals, either pets or wildlife species. The illness primarily affects minute wild ruminants, sheep, cattle, deer, and goats, and it can spread to people through contact with infected animals or contaminated meats anywhere in the world. Taxonomically speaking, the virus belongs to the parapoxvirus genus. Thus pathogen can be detected from crusts for a very long period (several months to several years), and the virus is found to be resistant to inactivation with a hot or dry atmosphere. In immunocompetent individuals, the lesions often go away on their own with a period as long 2 months. Nevertheless, it necessitates the applying of diverse strategies, such as antiviral, immunological modulator, or modest surgical excisions in immunosuppressed patients. The interaction of the virus with various host populations aids in the development of a defense mechanism against the immune system. The parapoxvirus illness in humans is covered in this chapter. The orf illness, a significant known human parapoxvirus infection, is given specific attention.
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Abstract
Contagious ecthyma (CE) is an infectious disease of small ruminants caused by a parapoxvirus of family Poxviridae subfamily Chordopoxvirinae. The disease is obviously distinguished by an establishment of scabby lesions and ulcerative formation on less hairy areas including muzzle, ears, nostril, and sometimes on genitalia. The disease is endemic in sheep and goats. The virus is transmissible to other ruminants and is a public health concern in humans. Although the disease is known as self-limiting, it may cause a significant economic threat and financial losses due to lower productivity in livestock production. Information with regard to the risk of the disease and epidemiology in most parts of the world is underreported. This paper aims to provide relevant information about the epidemiology of CE in selected regions of Europe, South America, North America, Asia, Africa, and Australia. An in-depth comprehension of virus infection, diagnoses, and management of the disease will enable farmers, researchers, veterinarians, abattoir workers, health personnel, and border controllers to improve their measures, skills, and effectiveness toward disease prevention and control, toward reducing unnecessary economic loss among farmers. A herd health program for significant improvement in management and productivity of livestock demands a well planned extension program that ought to encourage farmers to equip themselves with adequate skills for animal healthcare.
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Yao X, Pang M, Wang T, Chen X, Tang X, Chang J, Chen D, Ma W. Genomic Features and Evolution of the Parapoxvirus during the Past Two Decades. Pathogens 2020; 9:E888. [PMID: 33120928 PMCID: PMC7694016 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parapoxvirus (PPV) has been identified in some mammals and poses a great threat to both the livestock production and public health. However, the prevalence and evolution of this virus are still not fully understood. Here, we performed an in silico analysis to investigate the genomic features and evolution of PPVs. We noticed that although there were significant differences of GC contents between orf virus (ORFV) and other three species of PPVs, all PPVs showed almost identical nucleotide bias, that is GC richness. The structural analysis of PPV genomes showed the divergence of different PPV species, which may be due to the specific adaptation to their natural hosts. Additionally, we estimated the phylogenetic diversity of seven different genes of PPV. According to all available sequences, our results suggested that during 2010-2018, ORFV was the dominant virus species under the selective pressure of the optimal gene patterns. Furthermore, we found the substitution rates ranged from 3.56 × 10-5 to 4.21 × 10-4 in different PPV segments, and the PPV VIR gene evolved at the highest substitution rate. In these seven protein-coding regions, purifying selection was the major evolutionary pressure, while the GIF and VIR genes suffered the greatest positive selection pressure. These results may provide useful knowledge on the virus genetic evolution from a new perspective which could help to create prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.Y.); (M.P.); (T.W.); (X.C.); (X.T.)
| | - Ming Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.Y.); (M.P.); (T.W.); (X.C.); (X.T.)
| | - Tianxing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.Y.); (M.P.); (T.W.); (X.C.); (X.T.)
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.Y.); (M.P.); (T.W.); (X.C.); (X.T.)
| | - Xidian Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.Y.); (M.P.); (T.W.); (X.C.); (X.T.)
| | - Jianjun Chang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Dekun Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.Y.); (M.P.); (T.W.); (X.C.); (X.T.)
| | - Wentao Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.Y.); (M.P.); (T.W.); (X.C.); (X.T.)
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Bala JA, Balakrishnan KN, Jesse FFA, Abdullah AA, Noorzahari MSB, Ghazali MT, Mohamed RB, Haron AW, Noordin MM, Mohd-Azmi ML. Identification of strain diversity and phylogenetic analysis based on two major essential proteins of Orf viruses isolated from several clinical cases reported in Malaysia. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 77:104076. [PMID: 31678648 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
There is a little information on the characterization of Orf virus strains that are endemic in Malaysia. The relationship between the severity of disease and the molecular genetic profile of Orf virus strains has not been fully elucidated. This study documented the first confirmed report of contagious ecthyma causing by Orf virus in goats from a selected state of eastern peninsular Malaysia. The disease causes significant debilitation due to the inability of affected animals to suckle which brings a great economic loss to the farmers. A total of 504 animals were examined individually to recognize the affected animals with Orf lesion. Skin scrapping was used to collect the scab material from the infected animals. The presence of Orf virus was confirmed by combination of methods including virus isolation on vero cells, identification by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and molecular technique using PCR and Sanger sequencing. The results showed the successful isolation of four Orf virus strains with a typical cytopathic effects on the cultured vero cells line. The morphology was confirmed to be Orf virus with a distinctive ovoid and criss cross structure. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that these isolated strains were closely related to each other and to other previously isolated Malaysian orf viruses. In addition these Orf virus strains were closely related to Orf viruses from China and India. This study provides more valuable insight in terms of genotype of Orf virus circulating in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamilu Abubakar Bala
- Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Microbiology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, P.M.B. 3011 Kano, Nigeria.
| | - Krishnan Nair Balakrishnan
- Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ashwaq Ahmed Abdullah
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Muhammad Syaafii Bin Noorzahari
- Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Termizi Ghazali
- Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar Negeri Terengganu, Peti Surat 203, 20720 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ramlan Bin Mohamed
- Institut Penyelidikan Haiwan (IPH), Veterinary Research Institute, Ipoh, 59, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Abd Wahid Haron
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Mustapha Mohamed Noordin
- Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Lila Mohd-Azmi
- Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Ahanger SA, Parveen R, Nazki S, Dar Z, Dar T, Dar KH, Dar A, Rai N, Dar P. Detection and phylogenetic analysis of Orf virus in Kashmir Himalayas. Virusdisease 2018; 29:405-410. [PMID: 30159380 PMCID: PMC6111950 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-018-0473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV) is a zoonotic pathogen that primarily infects sheep and goats, and is responsible for significant economic losses. ORFV is endemic in all the major sheep and goat rearing areas of the world including Indian subcontinent. However, the nature of ORFV circulating among sheep and goat in Kashmir Himalayas has not yet been characterized. In the present study, we describe natural outbreaks of ORFV in sheep and goats of Kashmir Himalayas. We detected the presence of ORFV in the scab lesion by PCR amplification of the major envelope protein (B2L) gene. We sequenced the virus interferon resistance (VIR) gene and determined their phylogenetic relationship with that of the published reference sequences. Phylogenetic analysis based on VIR gene revealed that the ORFV isolates from Kashmir Himalayas separated into main two clusters. The sheep isolates showed genetic homology with the sheep strains reported from Greece and Italy, whereas the goat-specific strain show homology with the goat strains reported from China. This study demonstrates the presence of ORFV infection in sheep and goats, and report first phylogenetic analysis of the ORFV strains prevalent in the Kashmir Himalayas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showket A. Ahanger
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (FVSc & AH), Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Rafia Parveen
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (FVSc & AH), Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Salik Nazki
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (FVSc & AH), Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Zahoor Dar
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (FVSc & AH), Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Tanveer Dar
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (FVSc & AH), Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Khadim Hussain Dar
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (FVSc & AH), Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Aijaz Dar
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (FVSc & AH), Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Niraj Rai
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007 India
| | - Pervaiz Dar
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (FVSc & AH), Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, 190006 India
- Present Address: Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH USA
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KARABASANAVAR NAGAPPA, BAGALKOTE PRASHANTHS, RAJASHEKARA DB, MANJUNATHA SS, VEERANNA KC. Phylogenetic analysis of Orf virus associated with contagious ecthyma (orf) outbreak in Tellicherry goats (Capra hircus). THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v88i2.79288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV) is a member of genus Parapoxvirus that causes contagious ecthyma in goats. A pox-like disease was investigated in Tellicherry goats (31 female) maintained at a semi-organized farm. History revealed recent introduction of Tellicherry goats for breeding purpose and housing of the new entrants in to a farm already having a mild form of pox-like disease. Newly introduced and stressed Tellicherry goats developed severe form of infection with 100% morbidity. Affected goats showed lesions around lips (100%), commissure (53%) and oral cavity (65%); exanthematic dermatitis was evident in 94% of the affected goats followed by ulceration (47%) and nodular lesions (24%). Scab samples were collected from affected goats to confirm the clinical diagnosis. Genus Parapoxvirus was confirmed by the amplification of specific 594 bp and 235 bp amplicons. Further, Orf virus specific amplicon of size 1,206 bp was also amplified for the confirmation. Sequence analysis of PCR amplicons showed close resemblance of the outbreak strain with reported Indian Orf virus isolates. Based on the homology of the outer envelope protein B2L gene sequence of Orf virus, the source of infection to the Tellicherry goats was traced to the local goat. Although Orf virus is zoonotic; however, no occupational transmission was noticed in the present outbreak.
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Bala JA, Balakrishnan KN, Abdullah AA, Mohamed R, Haron AW, Jesse FFA, Noordin MM, Mohd-Azmi ML. The re-emerging of orf virus infection: A call for surveillance, vaccination and effective control measures. Microb Pathog 2018; 120:55-63. [PMID: 29709684 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Orf disease is known to be enzootic among small ruminants in Asia, Africa, and some other parts of the world. The disease caused by orf virus is highly contagious among small ruminant species. Unfortunately, it has been neglected for decades because of the general belief that it only causes a self-limiting disease. On the other hand, in the past it has been reported to cause huge cumulative financial losses in livestock farming. Orf disease is characterized by localized proliferative and persistent skin nodule lesions that can be classified into three forms: generalized, labial and mammary or genitals. It can manifest as benign or malignant types. The later type of orf can remain persistent, often fatal and usually causes a serious outbreak among small ruminant population. Morbidity and mortality rates of orf are higher especially in newly infected kids and lambs. Application of antibiotics together with antipyretic and/or analgesic is highly recommended as a supportive disease management strategy for prevention of subsequent secondary microbial invasion. The presence of various exotic orf virus strains of different origin has been reported in many countries mostly due to poorly controlled cross-border virus transmission. There have been several efforts to develop orf virus vaccines and it was with variable success. The use of conventional vaccines to control orf is a debatable topic due to the concern of short term immunity development. Following re-infection in previously vaccinated animals, it is uncommon to observe the farms involved to experience rapid virus spread and disease outbreak. Meanwhile, cases of zoonosis from infected animals to animal handler are not uncommon. Despite failures to contain the spread of orf virus by the use of conventional vaccines, vaccination of animals with live orf virus is still considered as one of the best choice. The review herein described pertinent issues with regard to the development and use of potential effective vaccines as a control measure against orf virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamilu Abubakar Bala
- Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Microbiology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria, P.M.B. 3011, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Krishnan Nair Balakrishnan
- Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ashwaq Ahmed Abdullah
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Ramlan Mohamed
- Institut Penyelidikan Haiwan, (IPH), Veterinary Research Institute, Ipoh, 59, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Abd Wahid Haron
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mustapha M Noordin
- Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Lila Mohd-Azmi
- Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Venkatesan G, De A, Arya S, Kumar A, Muthuchelvan D, Debnath BC, Dutta TK, Hemadri D, Pandey AB. Molecular evidence and phylogenetic analysis of orf virus isolates from outbreaks in Tripura state of North-East India. Virusdisease 2018; 29:216-220. [PMID: 29911157 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-018-0442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the first confirmed report of contagious ecthyma in Black Bengal goats from Tripura state, a North-Eastern state of India situated at the Indo-Bangladesh border. Outbreaks were characterized by the high rates of morbidity (58-67%), low mortality (8-10%) and case fatality (11-15%). The etiology of the outbreaks was confirmed as orf virus (ORFV) by standard virological/serological and molecular techniques including sequence analysis of B2L, a major envelop protein gene of genus Parapoxvirus. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis based on B2L gene of ORFV isolates from Tripura revealed that they were closely related to each other and also to other Indian isolates, in particular to ORFV-Shahjahanpur 82/04 isolate from North India. They revealed several specific nucleotide/amino acid substitutions, namely G299A (G100D), G660A, C705T, C795T (N267D) and G872A (R291H) which may be of notable epidemiological significance. This report necessitates the systematic investigation of orf outbreaks in susceptible populations including wild species particularly at transboundary regions by use of rapid diagnostics to control the infection by deploying an effective vaccine/therapeutics and better managemental practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gnanavel Venkatesan
- 1Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Nainital District, Uttarakhand 263 138 India
| | - Ankan De
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Sciences and A.H., R K Nagar, West Tripura, Tripura India
| | - Sargam Arya
- 1Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Nainital District, Uttarakhand 263 138 India
| | - Amit Kumar
- 1Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Nainital District, Uttarakhand 263 138 India
| | - D Muthuchelvan
- 1Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Nainital District, Uttarakhand 263 138 India
| | - Bikas Ch Debnath
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Sciences and A.H., R K Nagar, West Tripura, Tripura India
| | - Tapan Kumar Dutta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and A.H., Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram India
| | - Divakar Hemadri
- 4ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka India
| | - A B Pandey
- 1Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Nainital District, Uttarakhand 263 138 India
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Gahlawat SK, Duhan JS, Salar RK, Siwach P, Kumar S, Kaur P. Novel Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutic Tools for Livestock Diseases. ADVANCES IN ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS 2018. [PMCID: PMC7120337 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4702-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joginder Singh Duhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana India
| | - Raj Kumar Salar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana India
| | - Priyanka Siwach
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana India
| | - Pawan Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana India
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Abdullah AA, Ismail MFB, Balakrishnan KN, Bala JA, Hani H, Abba Y, Awang Isa MK, Abdullah FFJ, Arshad SS, Nazariah ZA, Abdullah R, Mustapha NM, Mohd-Lila MA. Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of caprine Orf virus in Malaysia. Virusdisease 2015; 26:255-9. [PMID: 26645035 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-015-0278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Orf virus is a DNA virus that causes contiguous ecthyma in goat and sheep. Infection of animals with this virus cause high mortality in young animals resulting in huge economic losses. In this study, we investigated an outbreak of Orf in a goat farm in Malaysia. Samples were collected from infected animals and viral isolation was done using both LT and MDCK cell lines. Molecular detection was done by conventional PCR for specific primers; B2L and F1L genes and phylogenetic analysis was done on the sequence data obtained. Cytopathic effects (CPE) were observed in both cell lines after 3 days of inoculation and were 50 % by the sixth day. PCR showed positive bands for both B2L and F1L genes and phylogenetic analysis showed that the Malaysian strain had close homology to the Chinese and Indian Orf virus isolates. This study gives more insight into the existing Orf viral strains in Malaysia and their relationship with other strains globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwaq Ahmed Abdullah
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Farid Bin Ismail
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Krishnan Nair Balakrishnan
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Jamilu Abubakar Bala
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Homayoun Hani
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Yusuf Abba
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Mohd Kamaruddin Awang Isa
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Faez Firdaus Jesse Abdullah
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Siti Suri Arshad
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Zeenatul Allaudin Nazariah
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia ; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Rasedee Abdullah
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia ; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Noordin Mohamed Mustapha
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
| | - Mohd-Azmi Mohd-Lila
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor DE Malaysia
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