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Saitani EM, Pippa N, Perinelli DR, Forys A, Papakyriakopoulou P, Lagopati N, Bonacucina G, Trzebicka B, Gazouli M, Pispas S, Valsami G. Fabricating Polymer/Surfactant/Cyclodextrin Hybrid Particles for Possible Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Ropinirole Hydrochloride: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1162. [PMID: 38256239 PMCID: PMC10816138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ropinirole is a non-ergolinic dopamine agonist used to manage Parkinson's disease and it is characterized by poor oral bioavailability. This study aimed to design and develop advanced drug delivery systems composed of poloxamer 407, a non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80), and cyclodextrins (methyl-β-CD or hydroxy-propyl-β-CD) for possible brain targeting of ropinirole after nasal administration for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The hybrid systems were formed by the thin-film hydration method, followed by an extensive physicochemical and morphological characterization. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the systems on HEK293 cell lines was also tested. In vitro release and ex vivo mucosal permeation of ropinirole were assessed using Franz cells at 34 °C and with phosphate buffer solution at pH 5.6 in the donor compartment, simulating the conditions of the nasal cavity. The results indicated that the diffusion-controlled drug release exhibited a progressive increase throughout the experiment, while a proof-of-concept experiment on ex vivo permeation through rabbit nasal mucosa revealed a better performance of the prepared hybrid systems in comparison to ropinirole solution. The encouraging results in drug release and mucosal permeation indicate that these hybrid systems can serve as attractive platforms for effective and targeted nose-to-brain delivery of ropinirole with a possible application in Parkinson's disease. Further ex vivo and in vivo studies to support the results of the present work are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmina-Marina Saitani
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece; (E.-M.S.); (N.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece; (E.-M.S.); (N.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Diego Romano Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Aleksander Forys
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (A.F.); (B.T.)
| | - Paraskevi Papakyriakopoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece; (E.-M.S.); (N.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.L.); (M.G.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (A.F.); (B.T.)
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgia Valsami
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece; (E.-M.S.); (N.P.); (P.P.)
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Luo D, Ni X, Yang H, Feng L, Chen Z, Bai L. A comprehensive review of advanced nasal delivery: Specially insulin and calcitonin. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106630. [PMID: 37949195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Peptide drugs through nasal mucous membrane, such as insulin and calcitonin have been widely used in the medical field. There are always two sides to a coin. One side, intranasal drug delivery can imitate the secretion pattern in human body, having advantages of physiological structure and convenient use. Another side, the low permeability of nasal mucosa, protease environment and clearance effect of nasal cilia hinder the intranasal absorption of peptide drugs. Researchers have taken multiple means to achieve faster therapeutic concentration, lower management dose, and fewer side effects for better nasal preparations. To improve the peptide drugs absorption, various strategies had been explored via the nasal mucosa route. In this paper, we reviewed the achievements of 18 peptide drugs in the past decade about the perspectives of the efficacy, mechanism of enhancing intranasal absorption and safety. The most studies were insulin and calcitonin. As a result, absorption enhancers, nanoparticles (NPs) and bio-adhesive system are the most widely used. Among them, chitosan (CS), cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), tight junction modulators (TJMs), soft NPs and gel/hydrogel are the most promising strategies. Moreover, two or three strategies can be combined to prepare drug vectors. In addition, spray freeze dried (SFD), self-emulsifying nano-system (SEN), and intelligent glucose reaction drug delivery system are new research directions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Power China Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Emergency, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhaoqun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Gao X, Liu N, Wang Z, Gao J, Zhang H, Li M, Du Y, Gao X, Zheng A. Development and Optimization of Chitosan Nanoparticle-Based Intranasal Vaccine Carrier. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010204. [PMID: 35011436 PMCID: PMC8746444 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide, mainly derived from the shell of marine organisms. At present, chitosan has been widely used in the field of biomedicine due to its special characteristics of low toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradation and low immunogenicity. Chitosan nanoparticles can be easily prepared. Chitosan nanoparticles with positive charge can enhance the adhesion of antigens in nasal mucosa and promote its absorption, which is expected to be used for intranasal vaccine delivery. In this study, we prepared chitosan nanoparticles by a gelation method, and modified the chitosan nanoparticles with mannose by hybridization. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as the model antigen for development of an intranasal vaccine. The preparation technology of the chitosan nanoparticle-based intranasal vaccine delivery system was optimized by design of experiment (DoE). The DoE results showed that mannose-modified chitosan nanoparticles (Man-BSA-CS-NPs) had high modification tolerance and the mean particle size and the surface charge with optimized Man-BSA-CS-NPs were 156 nm and +33.5 mV. FTIR and DSC results confirmed the presence of Man in Man-BSA-CS-NPs. The BSA released from Man-BSA-CS-NPs had no irreversible aggregation or degradation. In addition, the analysis of fluorescence spectroscopy of BSA confirmed an appropriate binding constant between CS and BSA in this study, which could improve the stability of BSA. The cell study in vitro demonstrated the low toxicity and biocompatibility of Man-BSA-CS-NPs. Confocal results showed that the Man-modified BSA-FITC-CS-NPs promote the endocytosis and internalization of BSA-FITC in DC2.4 cells. In vivo studies of mice, Man-BSA-CS-NPs intranasally immunized showed a significantly improvement of BSA-specific serum IgG response and the highest level of BSA-specific IgA expression in nasal lavage fluid. Overall, our study provides a promising method to modify BSA-loaded CS-NPs with mannose, which is worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yimeng Du
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (X.G.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +86-010-6693-1694 or +86-135-2046-7936 (A.Z.)
| | - Xiang Gao
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (X.G.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +86-010-6693-1694 or +86-135-2046-7936 (A.Z.)
| | - Aiping Zheng
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (X.G.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +86-010-6693-1694 or +86-135-2046-7936 (A.Z.)
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Durán-Lobato M, López-Estévez AM, Cordeiro AS, Dacoba TG, Crecente-Campo J, Torres D, Alonso MJ. Nanotechnologies for the delivery of biologicals: Historical perspective and current landscape. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113899. [PMID: 34314784 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biological macromolecule-based therapeutics irrupted in the pharmaceutical scene generating a great hope due to their outstanding specificity and potency. However, given their susceptibility to degradation and limited capacity to overcome biological barriers new delivery technologies had to be developed for them to reach their targets. This review aims at analyzing the historical seminal advances that shaped the development of the protein/peptide delivery field, along with the emerging technologies on the lead of the current landscape. Particularly, focus is made on technologies with a potential for transmucosal systemic delivery of protein/peptide drugs, followed by approaches for the delivery of antigens as new vaccination strategies, and formulations of biological drugs in oncology, with special emphasis on mAbs. Finally, a discussion of the key challenges the field is facing, along with an overview of prospective advances are provided.
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Brunner J, Ragupathy S, Borchard G. Target specific tight junction modulators. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:266-288. [PMID: 33617902 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular tight junctions represent a formidable barrier against paracellular drug absorption at epithelia (e.g., nasal, intestinal) and the endothelium (e.g., blood-brain barrier). In order to enhance paracellular transport of drugs and increase their bioavailability and organ deposition, active excipients modulating tight junctions have been applied. First-generation of permeation enhancers (PEs) acted by unspecific interactions, while recently developed PEs address specific physiological mechanisms. Such target specific tight junction modulators (TJMs) have the advantage of a defined specific mechanism of action. To date, merely a few of these novel active excipients has entered into clinical trials, as their lack in safety and efficiency in vivo often impedes their commercialisation. A stronger focus on the development of such active excipients would result in an economic and therapeutic improvement of current and future drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Brunner
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sakthikumar Ragupathy
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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6
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Wang D, Du Y, Zhang W, Han X, Zhang H, Wang Z, Liu N, Li M, Gao X, Zhuang X, Gao J, Zheng A. Development and in vivo evaluation of intranasal formulations of parathyroid hormone (1-34). Drug Deliv 2021; 28:487-498. [PMID: 33657948 PMCID: PMC7935113 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1889718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For efficient intranasal transport of parathyroid hormone (1-34) [PTH(1-34)], there is a great medical need to investigate permeation enhancers for intranasal formulations. In this study, the development of PTH(1-34) intranasal formulations was conducted. Based on conformation and chemical stability studies, the most preferable aqueous environment was determined to be 0.008 M acetate buffer solution (ABS). Subsequently, citric acid and Kolliphor® HS·15 were compared as permeation enhancers. The mechanisms of action of citric acid and Kolliphor® HS·15 were investigated using an in vitro model of nasal mucosa, and Kolliphor® HS·15 led to higher permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled PTH(1-34) (FITC-PTH) by enhancing both the transcellular and paracellular routes. Moreover, citric acid showed severe mucosal toxicity resulting in cilia shedding, while Kolliphor® HS·15 did not cause obvious mucosa damage. Finally, Kolliphor® HS·15 was studied as a permeation enhancer using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. The results showed that 5% and 10% Kolliphor® HS·15 increased the bioavailability of PTH(1-34) to 14.76% and 30.87%, respectively. In conclusion, an effective and biosafe PTH(1-34) intranasal formulation was developed by using 10% Kolliphor® HS·15 as a permeation enhancer. Intranasal formulations with higher concentrations of Kolliphor® HS·15 for higher bioavailability of PTH(1-34) could be further researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yimeng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaolu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zengming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Nan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
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Phospholipid Vesicles for Dermal/Transdermal and Nasal Administration of Active Molecules: The Effect of Surfactants and Alcohols on the Fluidity of Their Lipid Bilayers and Penetration Enhancement Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25132959. [PMID: 32605117 PMCID: PMC7412180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25132959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a comprehensive review on the use of phospholipid nanovesicles for dermal/transdermal and nasal drug administration. Phospholipid-based vesicular carriers have been widely investigated for enhanced drug delivery via dermal/transdermal routes. Classic phospholipid vesicles, liposomes, do not penetrate the deep layers of the skin, but remain confined to the upper stratum corneum. The literature describes several approaches with the aim of altering the properties of these vesicles to improve their penetration properties. Transfersomes and ethosomes are the most investigated penetration-enhancing phospholipid nanovesicles, obtained by the incorporation of surfactant edge activators and high concentrations of ethanol, respectively. These two types of vesicles differ in terms of their structure, characteristics, mechanism of action and mode of application on the skin. Edge activators contribute to the deformability and elasticity of transfersomes, enabling them to penetrate through pores much smaller than their own size. The ethanol high concentration in ethosomes generates a soft vesicle by fluidizing the phospholipid bilayers, allowing the vesicle to penetrate deeper into the skin. Glycerosomes and transethosomes, phospholipid vesicles containing glycerol or a mixture of ethanol and edge activators, respectively, are also covered. This review discusses the effects of edge activators, ethanol and glycerol on the phospholipid vesicle, emphasizing the differences between a soft and an elastic nanovesicle, and presents their different preparation methods. To date, these differences have not been comparatively discussed. The review presents a large number of active molecules incorporated in these carriers and investigated in vitro, in vivo or in clinical human tests.
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Xia Y, Li L, Huang X, Wang Z, Zhang H, Gao J, Du Y, Chen W, Zheng A. Performance and toxicity of different absorption enhancers used in the preparation of Poloxamer thermosensitive in situ gels for ketamine nasal administration. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:697-705. [PMID: 32293206 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1750625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the nasal absorption rate and nasal mucosal toxicity of thermosensitive ketamine in situ gels containing various absorption enhancers. The optimal composition ratio for the gel matrix was determined to be 17.2% Poloxamer 407 and 2% Poloxamer 188, as this combination resulted in solutions with a gelation point within the range found in the nasal cavity. Ketamine gels containing the tested enhancers, namely, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, propylene glycol, or Tween-80, were compared with enhancer-free counterparts to determine the absorption of the drug, in vivo by measuring its plasma levels in rats and in vitro using a Franz diffusion cell. Moreover, the toxicity of each gel type was assessed by microscopic observation of the morphology of rat nasal mucosa as well as by determining the mobility of the mucosal cilia using an established toad model. The results showed that gels containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin could promote the absorption of ketamine without added toxicity compared to enhancer-free gels. Thus, we consider hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as the most promising absorption enhancer for the nasal administration of ketamine using in situ gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Xia
- Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Long Li
- The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaowu Huang
- Pharmaceutical Department of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zengming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yimeng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medicine, Beijing, China
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Touitou E, Duchi S, Natsheh H. A new nanovesicular system for nasal drug administration. Int J Pharm 2020; 580:119243. [PMID: 32209370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to study the characteristics of a new phospholipid nanovesicular carrier for nasal administration of drugs. Multilamellar vesicles were visualized by electron microscopy, and their mean distribution size of 200 nm was evaluated by DLS. Measured pH and viscosity values were found adequate for a nasal delivery carrier. CLS micrographs of the nasal mucosa of rats following administration of the carrier incorporating probes with various properties show delivery into the nasal mucosa layers. Tramadol containing systems were characterized and tested for their analgesic effect in two pain animal models. In mice, a significantly higher antinociceptive effect and a rapid onset of action were obtained as compared to other nasal delivery carriers and to oral treatment. This enhanced analgesic effect was further confirmed in rat pain model and sustained by drug plasma and brain levels. To test the systems behavior in a larger animal, a pharmacokinetic crossover study was carried out in sheep after administrating Tramadol nasally in the nanocarrier and IV. The plasma and CSF absolute bioavailability values were 1.09 and 0.87, respectively. HPLC and LC-MS/MS methods for quantification of Tramadol in plasma, brain and CSF were developed and are presented here. It is noteworthy that no pathological alterations or inflammation signs were observed in rat nasal mucosa following sub-chronic treatment. The results obtained in this work encourage further investigation of using the new carrier for nasal delivery of drugs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elka Touitou
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Karem, P.O.Box 12065, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.
| | - Shaher Duchi
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Karem, P.O.Box 12065, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Hiba Natsheh
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Karem, P.O.Box 12065, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
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Transmucosal Absorption Enhancers in the Drug Delivery Field. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11070339. [PMID: 31311173 PMCID: PMC6680553 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems that safely and consistently improve transport of poorly absorbed compounds across epithelial barriers are highly sought within the drug delivery field. The use of chemical permeation enhancers is one of the simplest and widely tested approaches to improve transmucosal permeability via oral, nasal, buccal, ocular and pulmonary routes. To date, only a small number of permeation enhancers have progressed to clinical trials, and only one product that includes a permeation enhancer has reached the pharmaceutical market. This editorial is an introduction to the special issue entitled Transmucosal Absorption Enhancers in the Drug Delivery Field (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/pharmaceutics/special_issues/transmucosal_absorption_enhancers). The guest editors outline the scope of the issue, reflect on the results and the conclusions of the 19 articles published in the issue and provide an outlook on the use of permeation enhancers in the drug delivery field.
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11
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Cavanagh RJ, Smith PA, Stolnik S. Exposure to a Nonionic Surfactant Induces a Response Akin to Heat-Shock Apoptosis in Intestinal Epithelial Cells: Implications for Excipients Safety. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:618-631. [PMID: 30608696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Amphipathic, nonionic, surfactants are widely used in pharmaceutical, food, and agricultural industry to enhance product features; as pharmaceutical excipients, they are also aimed at increasing cell membrane permeability and consequently improving oral drugs absorption. Here, we report on the concentration- and time-dependent succession of events occurring throughout and subsequent exposure of Caco-2 epithelium to a "typical" nonionic surfactant (Kolliphor HS15) to provide a molecular explanation for nonionic surfactant cytotoxicity. The study shows that the conditions of surfactant exposure, which increase plasma membrane fluidity and permeability, produced rapid (within 5 min) redox and mitochondrial effects. Apoptosis was triggered early during exposure (within 10 min) and relied upon an initial mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization (5-10 min) as a crucial step, leading to its subsequent depolarization and caspase-3/7 activation (60 min). The apoptotic pathway appears to be triggered prior to substantial surfactant-induced membrane damage (observed ≥60 min). We hence propose that the cellular response to the model nonionic surfactant is triggered via surfactant-induced increase in plasma membrane fluidity, a phenomenon akin to the stress response to membrane fluidization induced by heat shock, and consequent apoptosis. Therefore, the fluidization effect that confers surfactants the ability to enhance drug permeability may also be intrinsically linked to the propagation of their cytotoxicity. The reported observations have important implications for the safety of a multitude of nonionic surfactants used in drug delivery formulations and to other permeability enhancing compounds with similar plasma membrane fluidizing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Cavanagh
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Smith
- School of Life Science , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Snow Stolnik
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
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12
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Williams AJ, Jordan F, King G, Lewis AL, Illum L, Masud T, Perkins AC, Pearson RG. In vitro and preclinical assessment of an intranasal spray formulation of parathyroid hormone PTH 1–34 for the treatment of osteoporosis. Int J Pharm 2018; 535:113-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Pozzoli M, Traini D, Young PM, Sukkar MB, Sonvico F. Development of a Soluplus budesonide freeze-dried powder for nasal drug delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:1510-1518. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1321659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pozzoli
- Graduate School of Health – Pharmacy, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul M. Young
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria B. Sukkar
- Graduate School of Health – Pharmacy, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Graduate School of Health – Pharmacy, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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14
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Lewis AL, Jordan F, Patel T, Jeffery K, King G, Savage M, Shalet S, Illum L. Intranasal Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Induces IGF-1 Levels Comparable With Subcutaneous Injection With Lower Systemic Exposure to hGH in Healthy Volunteers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:4364-71. [PMID: 26425883 PMCID: PMC4702464 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-4146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The development of an improved, efficacious human GH (hGH) product administered by a noninjectable route of delivery such as the nasal route is highly desirable. We have developed a novel nasal hGH product (CP024) that showed excellent nasal absorption in animal models; however, the translation of these results into the clinical setting is essential because past attempts to develop such formulations by other groups have been unable to induce IGF-1 in man. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to assess the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability of CP024 compared with a sc hGH injection. DESIGN This was a single-center, nonrandomized placebo-controlled, open-label, five-way crossover study in eight healthy volunteers. SETTING The study was carried out at a contract research organization, Quotient Bioresearch. VOLUNTEERS Eight healthy male volunteers, given an iv infusion of octreotide to suppress the endogenous GH secretion during the study period, participated in the study. No volunteers were withdrawn due to side effects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measurement of hGH and IGF-1 levels and tolerability of the drug product was performed. RESULTS No serious adverse events were reported and no subjects withdrawn from study due to the treatment. After the nasal administration of CP024, 3-fold higher hGH blood levels were obtained as compared with hGH nasal control. The relative bioavailability was about 3%. CP024 (given twice daily) induced a significant increase in IGF-1 levels up to 19 hours after administration, with no significant difference to those obtained after the sc injection of hGH. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that CP024 is a promising candidate for an efficacious nasal product for the treatment of GH deficiency due to induction of IGF-1 similar to that after a sc injection, despite the lower plasma hGH concentration obtained. A dose-response study is needed to evaluate the optimal nasal dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Lewis
- Critical Pharmaceuticals Ltd (A.L.L., F.J., T.P., K.J., G.K., L.I.), BioCity Nottingham, Nottingham NG1 1GF, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (M.S.), William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom; and Department of Endocrinology (S.S.), Christie Hospital, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Faron Jordan
- Critical Pharmaceuticals Ltd (A.L.L., F.J., T.P., K.J., G.K., L.I.), BioCity Nottingham, Nottingham NG1 1GF, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (M.S.), William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom; and Department of Endocrinology (S.S.), Christie Hospital, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Tina Patel
- Critical Pharmaceuticals Ltd (A.L.L., F.J., T.P., K.J., G.K., L.I.), BioCity Nottingham, Nottingham NG1 1GF, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (M.S.), William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom; and Department of Endocrinology (S.S.), Christie Hospital, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Kirk Jeffery
- Critical Pharmaceuticals Ltd (A.L.L., F.J., T.P., K.J., G.K., L.I.), BioCity Nottingham, Nottingham NG1 1GF, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (M.S.), William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom; and Department of Endocrinology (S.S.), Christie Hospital, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth King
- Critical Pharmaceuticals Ltd (A.L.L., F.J., T.P., K.J., G.K., L.I.), BioCity Nottingham, Nottingham NG1 1GF, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (M.S.), William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom; and Department of Endocrinology (S.S.), Christie Hospital, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Savage
- Critical Pharmaceuticals Ltd (A.L.L., F.J., T.P., K.J., G.K., L.I.), BioCity Nottingham, Nottingham NG1 1GF, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (M.S.), William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom; and Department of Endocrinology (S.S.), Christie Hospital, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Shalet
- Critical Pharmaceuticals Ltd (A.L.L., F.J., T.P., K.J., G.K., L.I.), BioCity Nottingham, Nottingham NG1 1GF, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (M.S.), William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom; and Department of Endocrinology (S.S.), Christie Hospital, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Lisbeth Illum
- Critical Pharmaceuticals Ltd (A.L.L., F.J., T.P., K.J., G.K., L.I.), BioCity Nottingham, Nottingham NG1 1GF, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (M.S.), William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom; and Department of Endocrinology (S.S.), Christie Hospital, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
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15
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Abstract
Due mainly to their poor stability and short plasma half-life, peptides are usually administered by injection, often several times daily. Injectable sustained-release formulations of peptides based on biodegradable polymer microparticles or implants early demonstrated the power of drug delivery technologies to enhance patient adherence and convenience, and increase safety and efficacy. Injectable sustained-release formulations are likely to remain a significant part of new peptide products. However, a new generation of technologies that enable solvent-free formulations and manufacturing processes, injection through narrow gauge needles and ready-to-use presentations will be increasingly used. In addition, the tremendous developments in noninvasive routes of delivery are likely to result in more and more peptides being delivered by the oral, transdermal, nasal or inhalation routes.
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16
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Bol L, Galas JC, Hillaireau H, Le Potier I, Nicolas V, Haghiri-Gosnet AM, Fattal E, Taverna M. A microdevice for parallelized pulmonary permeability studies. Biomed Microdevices 2014; 16:277-85. [PMID: 24337430 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-013-9831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe a compartmentalized microdevice specifically designed to perform permeability studies across a model of lung barrier. Epithelial cell barriers were reproduced by culturing Calu-3 cells at the air-liquid interface (AIC) in 1 mm² microwells made from a perforated glass slide with an embedded porous membrane. We created a single basolateral reservoir for all microwells which eliminated the need to renew the growth medium during the culture growth phase. To perform drug permeability studies on confluent cell layers, the cell culture slide was aligned and joined to a collection platform consisting in 35 μL collection reservoirs connected at the top and bottom with microchannels. The integrity and functionality of the cell barriers were demonstrated by measurement of trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), confocal imaging and permeability assays of ¹⁴C-sucrose. Micro-cell barriers were able to form confluent layers in 1 week, demonstrating a similar bioelectrical evolution as the Transwell systems used as controls. Tight junctions were observed throughout the cell-cell interfaces, and the low permeability coefficients of ¹⁴C-sucrose confirmed their functional presence, creating a primary barrier to the diffusion of solutes. This microdevice could facilitate the monitoring of biomolecule transport and the screening of formulations promoting their passage across the pulmonary barrier, in order to select candidates for pulmonary administration to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Bol
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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