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Hu S, Habib A, Xiong W, Chen L, Bi L, Wen L. Mass Spectrometry Imaging Techniques: Non-Ambient and Ambient Ionization Approaches. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-54. [PMID: 38889072 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2362703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Molecular information can be acquired from sample surfaces in real time using a revolutionary molecular imaging technique called mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). The technique can concurrently provide high spatial resolution information on the spatial distribution and relative proportion of many different compounds. Thus, many scientists have been drawn to the innovative capabilities of the MSI approach, leading to significant focus in various fields during the past few decades. This review describes the sampling protocol, working principle and applications of a few non-ambient and ambient ionization mass spectrometry imaging techniques. The non-ambient techniques include secondary ionization mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization, while the ambient techniques include desorption electrospray ionization, laser ablation electrospray ionization, probe electro-spray ionization, desorption atmospheric pressure photo-ionization and femtosecond laser desorption ionization. The review additionally addresses the advantages and disadvantages of ambient and non-ambient MSI techniques in relation to their suitability, particularly for biological samples used in tissue diagnostics. Last but not least, suggestions and conclusions are made regarding the challenges and future prospects of MSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shundi Hu
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ahsan Habib
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Wei Xiong
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - La Chen
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Bi
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luhong Wen
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Lima GDS, Pereira I, Maciel LIL, Lima NM, Araujo GL, de Aguiar DVA, Dos Santos GF, Vaz BG. Combining LAESI Imaging and Tissue Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry To Unveil Pesticides Contaminants in Fruits. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2461-2468. [PMID: 37804228 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for developing a strategy to analyze the penetration of pesticides in cultures during postharvest control with minimal or no sample preparation. This study explores the combined use of laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (LAESI imaging) and tissue spray ionization mass spectrometry (TSI-MS) to investigate the penetration of thiabendazole (TBZ) in fruits, simulating a postharvest procedure. Slices of guava and apple were prepared, and an infrared laser beam was used, resulting in the ablation of TBZ directly ionized by electrospray and analyzed by mass spectrometry. The experiments were conducted for 5 days of fruit storage after TBZ administration to simulate a postharvest treatment. During postharvest treatment, TBZ is applied directly to the fruit peel after harvesting. Consequently, TBZ residues may remain on the peel if the consumer does not wash the fruit properly before its consumption. To evaluate the effectiveness of household washing procedures, TSI-MS was employed as a rapid and straightforward technique to monitor the remaining amount of TBZ in guava and apple peels following fruit washing. This study highlights the advantages of LAESI imaging for evaluating TBZ penetration in fruits. Moreover, the powerful capabilities of TSI-MS are demonstrated in monitoring and estimating TBZ residues after pesticide application, enabling the comprehensive unveiling of pesticide contaminants in fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Pereira
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiánia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia V9R 5S5, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiánia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
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3
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Nguyen KU, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Zhang R, Jin X, Taniguchi M, Miller ES, Lindsey JS. Tolyporphins-Exotic Tetrapyrrole Pigments in a Cyanobacterium-A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:6132. [PMID: 37630384 PMCID: PMC10459692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tolyporphins were discovered some 30 years ago as part of a global search for antineoplastic compounds from cyanobacteria. To date, the culture HT-58-2, comprised of a cyanobacterium-microbial consortium, is the sole known producer of tolyporphins. Eighteen tolyporphins are now known-each is a free base tetrapyrrole macrocycle with a dioxobacteriochlorin (14), oxochlorin (3), or porphyrin (1) chromophore. Each compound displays two, three, or four open β-pyrrole positions and two, one, or zero appended C-glycoside (or -OH or -OAc) groups, respectively; the appended groups form part of a geminal disubstitution motif flanking the oxo moiety in the pyrroline ring. The distinct structures and repertoire of tolyporphins stand alone in the large pigments-of-life family. Efforts to understand the cyanobacterial origin, biosynthetic pathways, structural diversity, physiological roles, and potential pharmacological properties of tolyporphins have attracted a broad spectrum of researchers from diverse scientific areas. The identification of putative biosynthetic gene clusters in the HT-58-2 cyanobacterial genome and accompanying studies suggest a new biosynthetic paradigm in the tetrapyrrole arena. The present review provides a comprehensive treatment of the rich science concerning tolyporphins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy-Uyen Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (K.-U.N.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (K.-U.N.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Qihui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (K.-U.N.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (K.-U.N.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Xiaohe Jin
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (K.-U.N.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (K.-U.N.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Eric S. Miller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7612, USA;
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (K.-U.N.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
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4
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Caleb Bagley M, Garrard KP, Muddiman DC. The development and application of matrix assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization: The teenage years. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:35-66. [PMID: 34028071 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the past 15 years, ambient ionization techniques have witnessed a significant incursion into the field of mass spectrometry imaging, demonstrating their ability to provide complementary information to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization. Matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization is one such technique that has evolved since its first demonstrations with ultraviolet lasers coupled to Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers to extensive use with infrared lasers coupled to orbitrap-based mass spectrometers. Concurrently, there have been transformative developments of this imaging platform due to the high level of control the principal group has retained over the laser technology, data acquisition software (RastirX), instrument communication, and image processing software (MSiReader). This review will discuss the developments of MALDESI since its first laboratory demonstration in 2005 to the most recent advances in 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Caleb Bagley
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kenneth P Garrard
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- The Precision Engineering Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Molecular Education, Technology, and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Molecular Education, Technology, and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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5
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Knizner KT, Guymon JP, Garrard KP, Bouvrée G, Manni J, Hauschild JP, Strupat K, Fort KL, Earley L, Wouters ER, Pu F, Radosevich AJ, Elsen NL, Williams JD, Pankow MR, Muddiman DC. Next-Generation Infrared Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Electrospray Ionization Source for Mass Spectrometry Imaging and High-Throughput Screening. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:2070-2077. [PMID: 36173393 PMCID: PMC9944128 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) is a hybrid, ambient ionization source that combines the advantages of electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, making it a versatile tool for both high-throughput screening (HTS) and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) studies. To expand the capabilities of the IR-MALDESI source, an entirely new architecture was designed to overcome the key limitations of the previous source. This next-generation (NextGen) IR-MALDESI source features a vertically mounted IR-laser, a planar translation stage with computerized sample height control, an aluminum enclosure, and a novel mass spectrometer interface plate. The NextGen IR-MALDESI source has improved user-friendliness, improved overall versatility, and can be coupled to numerous Orbitrap mass spectrometers to accommodate more research laboratories. In this work, we highlight the benefits of the NextGen IR-MALDESI source as an improved platform for MSI and direct analysis. We also optimize the NextGen MALDESI source component geometries to increase target ion abundances over a wide m/z range. Finally, documentation is provided for each NextGen IR-MALDESI part so that it can be replicated and incorporated into any lab space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevan T. Knizner
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jacob P. Guymon
- Precision Engineering Consortium, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth P. Garrard
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Precision Engineering Consortium, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, NC, USA
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Guy Bouvrée
- GB Conseil & Services, 77170 Brie Comte Robert, France
| | | | | | - Kerstin Strupat
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen) GmbH, 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - Kyle L. Fort
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen) GmbH, 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - Lee Earley
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA 95134, USA
| | | | - Fan Pu
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Andrew J. Radosevich
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Nathaniel L. Elsen
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Jon D. Williams
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Mark R. Pankow
- Precision Engineering Consortium, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, NC, USA
| | - David C. Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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6
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Pu F, Ugrin SA, Radosevich AJ, Chang-Yen D, Sawicki JW, Talaty NN, Elsen NL, Williams JD. High-Throughput Intact Protein Analysis for Drug Discovery Using Infrared Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13566-13574. [PMID: 36129783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is the primary analytical tool used to characterize proteins within the biopharmaceutical industry. Electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled to liquid chromatography (LC) is the current gold standard for intact protein analysis. However, inherent speed limitations of LC/MS prevent analysis of large sample numbers (>1000) in a day. Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI-MS), an ambient ionization MS technology, has recently been established as a platform for high-throughput small molecule analysis. Here, we report the applications of such a system for the analysis of intact proteins commonly performed within the drug discovery process. A wide molecular weight range of proteins 10-150 kDa was detected on the system with improved tolerance to salts and buffers compared to ESI. With high concentrations and model proteins, a sample rate of up to 22 Hz was obtained. For proteins at low concentrations and in buffers used in commonly employed assays, robust data at a sample rate of 1.5 Hz were achieved, which is ∼22× faster than current technologies used for high-throughput ESI-MS-based protein assays. In addition, two multiplexed plate-based high-throughput sample cleanup methods were coupled to IR-MALDESI-MS to enable analysis of samples containing excessive amounts of salts and buffers without fully compromising productivity. Example experiments, which leverage the speed of the IR-MALDESI-MS system to monitor NISTmAb reduction, protein autophosphorylation, and compound binding kinetics in near real time, are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Pu
- AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Scott A Ugrin
- AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Andrew J Radosevich
- AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - David Chang-Yen
- AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - James W Sawicki
- AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Nari N Talaty
- AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Nathaniel L Elsen
- AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jon D Williams
- AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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7
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Ding X, Liu K, Shi Z. LASER DESORPTION/ABLATION POSTIONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY: RECENT PROGRESS IN BIOANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:566-605. [PMID: 32770707 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lasers have long been used in the field of mass spectrometric analysis for characterization of condensed matter. However, emission of neutrals upon laser irradiation surpasses the number of ions. Typically, only one in about one million analytes ejected by laser desorption/ablation is ionized, which has fueled the quest for postionization methods enabling ionization of desorbed neutrals to enhance mass spectrometric detection schemes. The development of postionization techniques can be an endeavor that integrates multiple disciplines involving photon energy transfer, electrochemistry, gas discharge, etc. The combination of lasers of different parameters and diverse ion sources has made laser desorption/ablation postionization (LD/API) a growing and lively research community, including two-step laser mass spectrometry, laser ablation atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry, and those coupled to ambient mass spectrometry. These hyphenated techniques have shown potentials in bioanalytical applications, with major inroads to be made in simultaneous location and quantification of pharmaceuticals, toxins, and metabolites in complex biomatrixes. This review is intended to provide a timely comprehensive view of the broadening bioanalytical applications of disparate LD/API techniques. We also have attempted to discuss these applications according to the classifications based on the postionization methods and to encapsulate the latest achievements in the field of LD/API by highlighting some of the very best reports in the 21st century. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelu Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Zhenyan Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
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8
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Bagley MC, Pace CL, Ekelöf M, Muddiman DC. Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) mass spectrometry imaging analysis of endogenous metabolites in cherry tomatoes. Analyst 2021; 145:5516-5523. [PMID: 32602477 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00818d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the spatially resolved metabolic profiling of cherry tomatoes using infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI), a mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) technique that operates at ambient conditions and requires no sample derivatization. Tomatoes were flash frozen, cryosectioned and imaged with adequate spatial resolution to distinguish between the major tissue structures of a tomato including the skin, mesocarp, endocarp, locular tissue, septum, placenta, seed and seed coating. Metabolites were imaged from 100-1200 m/z, enabling significant coverage of a diverse array of metabolites including amino acids and lipids along with the major secondary metabolite classes: terpenes, phenolics, glycosides, and alkaloids. During the metabolic profiling, we found endogenous carotenoid hydrocarbons, namely lycopene or its structural isomer β-carotene, ionized as radical cations. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of ionizing hydrocarbons in the MSI field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Caleb Bagley
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, USA.
| | - Crystal L Pace
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, USA.
| | - Måns Ekelöf
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, USA.
| | - David C Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, USA. and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, USA and Molecular Education, Technology, and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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9
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Pu F, Radosevich AJ, Sawicki JW, Chang-Yen D, Talaty NN, Gopalakrishnan SM, Williams JD, Elsen NL. High-Throughput Label-Free Biochemical Assays Using Infrared Matrix-Assisted Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6792-6800. [PMID: 33885291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) can provide high sensitivity and specificity for biochemical assays without the requirement of labels, eliminating the risk of assay interference. However, its use had been limited to lower-throughput assays due to the need for chromatography to overcome ion suppression from the sample matrix. Direct analysis without chromatography has the potential for high throughput if sensitivity is sufficient despite the presence of a matrix. Here, we report and demonstrate a novel direct analysis high-throughput MS system based on infrared matrix-assisted desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) that has a potential acquisition rate of 33 spectra/s. We show the development of biochemical assays in standard buffers for wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), diacylglycerol kinase zeta (DGKζ), and p300 histone acetyltransferase (P300) to demonstrate the suitability of this system for a broad range of high-throughput lead discovery assays. A proof-of-concept pilot screen of ∼3k compounds is also shown for IDH1 and compared to a previously reported fluorescence-based assay. We were able to obtain reliable data at a speed amenable for high-throughput screening of large-scale compound libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Pu
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Andrew J Radosevich
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - James W Sawicki
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - David Chang-Yen
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Nari N Talaty
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Sujatha M Gopalakrishnan
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jon D Williams
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Nathaniel L Elsen
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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10
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Yukihiro Y, Zaima N. Application of Mass Spectrometry Imaging for Visualizing Food Components. Foods 2020; 9:foods9050575. [PMID: 32375379 PMCID: PMC7278736 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Consuming food is essential for survival, maintaining health, and triggering positive emotions like pleasure. One of the factors that drive us toward such behavior is the presence of various compounds in foods. There are many methods to analyze these molecules in foods; however, it is difficult to analyze the spatial distribution of these compounds using conventional techniques, such as mass spectrometry combined with high-performance liquid chromatography or gas chromatography. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a two-dimensional ionization technology that enables detection of compounds in tissue sections without extraction, purification, separation, or labeling. There are many methods for ionization of analytes, including secondary ion mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, and desorption electrospray ionization. Such MSI technologies can provide spatial information on the location of a specific analyte in food. The number of studies utilizing MSI technologies in food science has been increasing in the past decade. This review provides an overview of some of the recent applications of MSI in food science and related fields. In the future, MSI will become one of the most promising technologies for visualizing the distribution of food components and for identifying food-related factors by their molecular weights to improve quality, quality assurance, food safety, nutritional analysis, and to locate administered food factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimura Yukihiro
- Department of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, 518 Arise, Ikawadani-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe City 651-2180, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Zaima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City 631-8505, Japan
- Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University,204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City 631-8505, Japan
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11
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Pace CL, Horman B, Patisaul H, Muddiman DC. Analysis of neurotransmitters in rat placenta exposed to flame retardants using IR-MALDESI mass spectrometry imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3745-3752. [PMID: 32300844 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exposures can adversely impact fetal development. For many compounds, including common flame retardants, the mechanisms by which this occurs remain unclear, but emerging evidence suggests that disruption at the level of the placenta may play a role. Understanding how the placenta might be vulnerable to chemical exposures is challenging due to its complex structure. The primary objective of this study was to develop a method for detecting placental neurotransmitters and related metabolites without chemical derivatization so changes in the abundance and spatial distribution of neurotransmitters in rat placenta following chemical exposure could be determined using infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) mass spectrometry imaging. Without chemical derivatization, 49 neurotransmitters and their related metabolites were putatively identified in untreated rat placenta sections using mass measurement accuracy and spectral accuracy. A few neurotransmitters were less abundant in placentas that were exposed to various flame retardants and were further investigated by KEGG metabolic pathway analysis. Many of these downregulated neurotransmitters shared the same enzyme responsible for metabolism, aromaticl-amino acid decarboxylase, suggesting a mechanistic role. These data constitute a new approach that could help identify novel mechanisms of toxicity in complex tissues. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L Pace
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Brian Horman
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Heather Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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12
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Bagley MC, Stepanova AN, Ekelöf M, Alonso JM, Muddiman DC. Development of a relative quantification method for infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging of Arabidopsis seedlings. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8616. [PMID: 31658400 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mass spectrometry imaging of young seedlings is an invaluable tool in understanding how mutations affect metabolite accumulation in plant development. However, due to numerous biological considerations, established methods for the relative quantification of analytes using infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) mass spectrometry imaging are not viable options. In this study, we report a method for the quantification of auxin-related compounds using stable-isotope-labelled (SIL) indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) doped into agarose substrate. METHODS Wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, sur2 and wei8 tar2 loss-of-function mutants, and YUC1 gain-of-function line were grown for 3 days in the dark in standard growth medium. SIL-IAA was doped into a 1% low-melting-point agarose gel and seedlings were gently laid on top for IR-MALDESI imaging with Orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis. Relative quantification was performed post-acquisition by normalization of auxin-related compounds to SIL-IAA in the agarose. Amounts of auxin-related compounds were compared between genotypes to distinguish the effects of the mutations on the accumulation of indolic metabolites of interest. RESULTS IAA added to agarose was found to remain stable, with repeatability and abundance features of IAA comparable with those of other compounds used in other methods for relative quantification in IR-MALDESI analyses. Indole-3-acetaldoxime was increased in sur2 mutants compared with wild-type and other mutants. Other auxin-related metabolites were either below the limits of quantification or successfully quantified but showing little difference among mutants. CONCLUSIONS Agarose was shown to be an appropriate sampling surface for IR-MALDESI mass spectrometry imaging of Arabidopsis seedlings. SIL-IAA doping of agarose was demonstrated as a viable technique for relative quantification of metabolites in live seedlings or tissues with similar biological considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Caleb Bagley
- Department of Chemistry, FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Anna N Stepanova
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Måns Ekelöf
- Department of Chemistry, FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jose M Alonso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- Department of Chemistry, FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Molecular Education, Technology, and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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13
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Spraker JE, Luu GT, Sanchez LM. Imaging mass spectrometry for natural products discovery: a review of ionization methods. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:150-162. [PMID: 31364647 PMCID: PMC6992513 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00038k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2009-2019 Over the last decade, methods in imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) have progressively improved and diversified toward a variety of applications in natural products research. Because IMS allows for the spatial mapping of the production and distribution of biologically active molecules in situ, it facilitates phenotype and organelle driven discovery efforts. As practitioners of IMS for natural products discovery, we find one of the most important aspects of these experiments is the sample preparation and compatibility with different ionization sources that are available to a given researcher. As such, we have focused this mini review to cover types of ionization sources that have been used in natural products discovery applications and provided concrete examples of use for natural products discovery while discussing the advantages and limitations of each method. We aim for this article to serve as a resource to guide the broader natural product community interested in IMS toward the application/method that would best serve their natural product discovery needs given the sample and analyte(s) of interest. This mini review has been limited to applications using natural products and thus is not exhaustive of all possible ionization methods which have only been applied to image other types of samples such as mammalian tissues. Additionally, we briefly review how IMS has been coupled with other imaging platforms, such as microscopy, to enhance information outputs as well as offer our future perspectives on the incorporation of IMS in natural products discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Spraker
- Hexagon Bio, 1505 Adams Drive, Suite A, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Gordon T Luu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA,
| | - Laura M Sanchez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA,
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14
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Caleb Bagley M, Ekelöf M, Muddiman DC. Determination of Optimal Electrospray Parameters for Lipidomics in Infrared-Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:319-325. [PMID: 32031399 PMCID: PMC10861021 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (IR-MALDESI) is an ambient mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) technique that relies on electrospray ionization (ESI) for ion generation of desorbed neutrals. Although many mechanisms in IR-MALDESI have been studied in depth, there has not yet been a comprehensive study of how the ESI parameters change the profiles of tissue specific lipids. Acetonitrile (ACN)/water and methanol (MeOH)/water solvent systems and compositions were varied across a series of applied ESI voltages during IR-MALDESI analysis of rat liver tissue. Gradients of 12 min were run from 5 to 95% organic solvent in both positive and negative polarities across 11 voltages between 2.25 and 4.5 kV. These experiments informed longer gradients (25-30 min) across shorter solvent gradient ranges with fewer voltages. Optimal ESI parameters for lipidomics were determined by the number and abundance of detected lipids and the relative proportion of background ions. In positive polarity, the best solvent composition was 60-75% ACN/40-25% H2O with 0.2% formic acid at 3.2 kV applied voltage. The best parameters for negative polarity analysis are 45-55% ACN/55-45% H2O with 1 mM of acetic acid for voltages between 2.25 and 3.2 kV. Using these defined parameters, IR-MALDESI positive polarity lipidomics studies can increase lipid abundances 3-fold, with 15% greater coverage, while an abundance increase of 1.5-fold and 10% more coverage can be achieved relative to commonly used parameters in negative polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Caleb Bagley
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Måns Ekelöf
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - David C. Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
- Molecular Education, Technology, and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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15
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Feng S, Wang L, Belwal T, Li L, Luo Z. Phytosterols extraction from hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) husk with a green direct citric acid hydrolysis extraction method. Food Chem 2020; 315:126217. [PMID: 32007812 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the direct citric acid hydrolysis extraction method to optimize phytosterols extraction from hickory husk. Single factor experiments followed by a three-level three-factor Box-Behnken experiments were performed. The optimal extraction parameters were determined as: pH of 2.0, liquid-to-solid ratio of 17.12: 1 mL/g, and temperature of 55.81 °C. Practical experiments were carried out in triplicate, and subsequently yielded phytosterols of 912.452 ± 17.452 μg/g DW, in good consistence with the predicted extraction yield of 902.874 μg/g DW. The conductivity of the extract was also found to play effective role under direct citric acid hydrolysis and recorded 36.30 ± 1.08 μs/cm at optimum extraction condition. β-Sitosterol stigmasterol, campsterol, ergosterol and lupeol were detected as main PSs and triterpenoids in hickory husk using UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS. Finally, the comparison between direct hydrolysis extraction and traditional solvent extraction showed that this new method was more effective and eco-friendlier to extract both free and conjugated phytosterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Feng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Tarun Belwal
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Khodjaniyazova S, Hanne NJ, Cole JH, Muddiman DC. Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI) of Fresh Bones using Infrared Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Electrospray Ionization (IR-MALDESI). ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2019; 11:5929-5938. [PMID: 33815571 PMCID: PMC8018523 DOI: 10.1039/c9ay01886g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report an effective strategy for direct analysis and two-dimensional (2D) matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of mouse bones that underwent no chemical treatments prior to analysis. To unravel the chemistry in bones under near-physiological conditions, we cut a flash-frozen bone in half longitudinally, placed it in a mold facing flat side down, and poured Plaster of Paris on top of and around the bone. After Plaster of Paris had set, the bone with embedding material was removed from the mold, and placed on the IR-MALDESI imaging stage. Plaster of Paris acted as a fixture to keep every spot on the sample surface the same distance away from the laser focus. To demonstrate the feasibility of IR-MALDESI MSI for analyses of unmodified bones, we imaged bones derived from healthy and stroke-affected mice and generated ion heatmaps showing the spatial distribution of putatively annotated features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitora Khodjaniyazova
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Nicholas J Hanne
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Jacqueline H Cole
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
- Molecular Education, Technology, and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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17
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Application of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging for Food Analysis. Foods 2019; 8:foods8120633. [PMID: 31810360 PMCID: PMC6963588 DOI: 10.3390/foods8120633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Food contains various compounds, and there are many methods available to analyze each of these components. However, the large amounts of low-molecular-weight metabolites in food, such as amino acids, organic acids, vitamins, lipids, and toxins, make it difficult to analyze the spatial distribution of these molecules. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) imaging is a two-dimensional ionization technology that allows the detection of small metabolites in tissue sections without requiring purification, extraction, separation, or labeling. The application of MALDI-MS imaging in food analysis improves the visualization of these compounds to identify not only the nutritional content but also the geographical origin of the food. In this review, we provide an overview of some recent applications of MALDI-MS imaging, demonstrating the advantages and prospects of this technology compared to conventional approaches. Further development and enhancement of MALDI-MS imaging is expected to offer great benefits to consumers, researchers, and food producers with respect to breeding improvement, traceability, the development of value-added foods, and improved safety assessments.
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18
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Fideler J, Johanningsmeier SD, Ekelöf M, Muddiman DC. Discovery and quantification of bioactive peptides in fermented cucumber by direct analysis IR-MALDESI mass spectrometry and LC-QQQ-MS. Food Chem 2018; 271:715-723. [PMID: 30236736 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides have been identified in lactic acid bacteria fermented foods including cultured milk, sourdough, and cured meats; however, their presence has not been investigated in fermented vegetables. In this study, infrared, matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) mass spectrometry (MS) was employed to identify bioactive peptides in fermented cucumber. Natural and starter culture fermented cucumbers were prepared in triplicate in sodium chloride brines and compared to acidified cucumbers. Putative matches of known food-derived bioactive peptides were identified by direct analysis using IR-MALDESI-MS. Peptides were confirmed by IR-MALDESI MS/MS and quantified by LC-MS/MS. Three angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides, IPP (0.42-0.49 mg/kg), LPP (0.30-0.33 mg/kg), and VPP (0.32-0.35 mg/kg) were formed in fermented cucumbers. A fourth ACE inhibitory peptide, KP (0.93-1.5 mg/kg), was enhanced 3-5 fold in fermented cucumbers compared with acidified cucumbers. This work demonstrates that lactic acid bacteria fermentation can enhance bioactive peptide content in vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Fideler
- North Carolina State University, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, SEA, Food Science Research Unit, 322 Schaub Hall, Box 7624, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7624, USA
| | - Suzanne D Johanningsmeier
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, SEA, Food Science Research Unit, 322 Schaub Hall, Box 7624, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7624, USA; North Carolina State University, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Måns Ekelöf
- North Carolina State University, Department of Chemistry, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- North Carolina State University, Department of Chemistry, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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19
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Phytosterols and their derivatives: Structural diversity, distribution, metabolism, analysis, and health-promoting uses. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 70:35-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Rae Buchberger A, DeLaney K, Johnson J, Li L. Mass Spectrometry Imaging: A Review of Emerging Advancements and Future Insights. Anal Chem 2018; 90:240-265. [PMID: 29155564 PMCID: PMC5959842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 537] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rae Buchberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kellen DeLaney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jillian Johnson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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21
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Nazari M, Ekelöf M, Khodjaniyazova S, Elsen NL, Williams JD, Muddiman DC. Direct screening of enzyme activity using infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1868-1874. [PMID: 28841760 PMCID: PMC5653407 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE High-throughput screening (HTS) is a critical step in the drug discovery process. However, most mass spectrometry (MS)-based HTS methods require sample cleanup steps prior to analysis. In this work we present the utility of infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) for monitoring an enzymatic reaction directly from a biological buffer system with no sample cleanup and at high throughput. METHODS IR-MALDESI was used to directly analyze reaction mixtures from a well plate at different time points after reaction initiation. The percent conversion of precursors to products was used to screen the enzyme activity. The reaction was performed with two different concentrations of precursors and enzyme in order to assess the dynamic range of the assay. Eventually, a pseudo-HTS study was designed to investigate the utility of IR-MALDESI screening enzyme activity in a high-throughput manner. RESULTS IR-MALDESI was able to readily monitor the activity of IDH1 over time at two different concentrations of precursors and enzyme. The calculated Z-factors of 0.65 and 0.41 confirmed the suitability of the developed method for screening enzyme activity in HTS manner. Finally, in a single-blind pseudo-HTS analysis IR-MALDESI was able to correctly predict the identity of all samples, where 8/10 samples were identified with high confidence and the other two samples with lower confidence. CONCLUSIONS The enzymatic activity of IDH1 was screened by directly analyzing the reaction content from the buffer in well plates with no sample cleanup steps. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the robustness of IR-MALDESI for direct analysis of enzymatic reactions from biological buffers with no sample cleanup and its immense potential for HTS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Nazari
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Måns Ekelöf
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Sitora Khodjaniyazova
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | | | | | - David C. Muddiman
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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22
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Nazari M, Malico AA, Ekelöf M, Lund S, Williams GJ, Muddiman DC. Direct analysis of terpenes from biological buffer systems using SESI and IR-MALDESI. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:953-962. [PMID: 28819677 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes are the largest class of natural products with a wide range of applications including use as pharmaceuticals, fragrances, flavorings, and agricultural products. Terpenes are biosynthesized by the condensation of a variable number of isoprene units resulting in linear polyisoprene diphosphate units, which can then be cyclized by terpene synthases into a range of complex structures. While these cyclic structures have immense diversity and potential in different applications, their direct analysis in biological buffer systems requires intensive sample preparation steps such as salt cleanup, extraction with organic solvents, and chromatographic separations. Electrospray post-ionization can be used to circumvent many sample cleanup and desalting steps. SESI and IR-MALDESI are two examples of ionization methods that employ electrospray post-ionization at atmospheric pressure and temperature. By coupling the two techniques and doping the electrospray solvent with silver ions, olefinic terpenes of different classes and varying degrees of volatility were directly analyzed from a biological buffer system with no sample workup steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Nazari
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Alexandra A Malico
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Måns Ekelöf
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Sean Lund
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,, Amyris Inc, 5885 Hollis St Ste., Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Gavin J Williams
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Surface tuning laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (STLDI-MS) for the analysis of small molecules using quantum dots. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:4943-4950. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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