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Wang J, Qiu F, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Zhou Q, Dai S, Xiang S, Wei C. Clostridium butyricum Alleviates DEHP Plasticizer-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Mice via Gut-Brain Axis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18524-18537. [PMID: 37963287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) plasticizer, a well-known environmental and food pollutant, has neurotoxicity. However, it is unknown whether DEHP leads to learning and memory impairment through gut-brain axis and whether Clostridium butyricum can alleviate this impairment. Here, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to DEHP and treated with C. butyricum. Learning and memory abilities were evaluated through the Morris water maze. The levels of synaptic proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were detected by immunohistochemistry or ELISA. Gut microbiota were analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing. C. butyricum alleviated DEHP-induced learning and memory impairment and restored synaptic proteins. It significantly relieved DEHP-induced inflammation and recovered 5-HT levels. C. butyricum recovered the richness of the gut microbiota decreased by DEHP, with the Bifidobacterium genus increasing the most. Overall, C. butyricum alleviated DEHP-induced learning and memory impairment due to reduced inflammation and increased 5-HT secretion, which was partly attributed to the recovery of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Siyu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Shuanglin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Chenxi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
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Yay E, Yilmaz M, Toygar H, Balci N, Alvarez Rivas C, Bolluk Kilic B, Zirh A, Paster B, Kantarci A. Parkinson's disease alters the composition of subgingival microbiome. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2250650. [PMID: 37649970 PMCID: PMC10464550 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2250650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The current study aimed to test the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease exacerbates periodontitis by altering its microbiome. Materials and Methods Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. Subgingival samples from healthy controls, periodontitis patients (PD), and Parkinson's patients with periodontitis (PA+PD) were analyzed using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique for targeting 40 bacterial species typically associated with periodontal disease and health. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (V1-V3 regions) was performed to analyze the microbiome comprehensively. Results Parkinson's patients had mild-to-moderate motor dysfunctions. Bleeding on probing was significantly increased in the PA+PD group compared to PD (p < 0.05). With checkerboard analysis, PA was associated with increased Treponema socranskii (p = 0.0062), Peptostreptococcaceae_[G-6] [Eubacterium]_nodatum (p = 0.0439), Parvimona micra (p < 0.0001), Prevotella melaninogenica (p = 0.0002), Lachnoanaerobaculum saburreum (p < 0.0001), and Streptococcus anginosus (p = 0.0020). Streptococcus intermedia (p = 0.0042), P.nodatum (p = 0.0022), P. micra (p = 0.0002), Treponema denticola (p = 0.0045), L.saburreum (p = 0.0267), P.melaninogenica (p = 0.0017), Campylobacter rectus (p = 0.0020), and T.socranskii (p = 0.0002) were higher; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (p = 0.0072) was lower in deep pockets in the PA+PD compared to PD. Schaalia odontolytica (p = 0.0351) and A.actinomycetemcomitans (p = 0.002) were lower; C.rectus (p = 0.0002), P. micra (p = 0065), Streptococcus constellatus (p = 0.0151), T.denticola (p = 0.0141), P.melaninogenica (p = 0.0057), and T.socranskii (p = 0.0316) were higher in shallow pockets in the PA+PD. Diversity decreased in PD (p = 0.001) and PA+PD (p = 0.026) compared to control, with minimal differences in alpha and beta diversities among PD and PA+PD based on NGS results. Conclusion These data demonstrated that Parkinson's disease modifies PD-associated subgingival microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekin Yay
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melis Yilmaz
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hilal Toygar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Balci
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Carla Alvarez Rivas
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Infection, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Basak Bolluk Kilic
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zirh
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bruce Paster
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Infection, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Infection, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Justich MB, Rojas OL, Fasano A. The Role of Helicobacter pylori and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Parkinson's Disease. Semin Neurol 2023; 43:553-561. [PMID: 37562451 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder whose etiology remains largely unexplained. Several studies have aimed to describe a causative effect in the interactions between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain, for both PD pathogenesis and disease course. However, the results have been controversial. Helicobacter pylori and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) are theorized to be agents capable of triggering chronic proinflammatory changes with a possible neurotoxic effect, as well as a cause of erratic L-dopa response in PD patients. This review evaluates the individual and possibly synergistic influence of H. pylori and SIBO on PD, to provide an opportunity to consider prospective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Belen Justich
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olga L Rojas
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alfonso Fasano
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Rehabilitation, Moriggia-Pelascini Hospital - Gravedona ed Uniti, Como, Italy
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Hu N, Pan D, Yang Y, Pu L, He X, Wang H, Zhang X, Du Y, Yu Z, He S, Li J. Effects of common plastic products heat exposure on cognition: Mediated by gut microbiota. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114758. [PMID: 36907091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Considering plastic exposure patterns in modern society, the effects of exposure to leachate from boiled-water treated plastic products on cognitive function was probed in mice through changes in gut microbiota diversity. In this study, Institute for Cancer Research (ICR) mice were used to establish drinking water exposure models of three popular kinds of plastic products, including non-woven tea bags, food-grade plastic bags and disposable paper cups. 16S rRNA was used to detect changes in the gut microbiota of mice. Behavioral, histopathology, biochemistry, and molecular biology experiments were used to evaluate cognitive function in mice. Our results showed that the diversity and composition of gut microbiota changed at genus level compared to control group. Nonwoven tea bags-treated mice were proved an increase in Lachnospiraceae and a decreased in Muribaculaceae in gut. Alistipes was increased under the intervention of food grade plastic bags. Muribaculaceae decreased and Clostridium increased in disposable paper cups group. The new object recognition index of mice in the non-woven tea bag and disposable paper cup groups decreased, and amyloid β-protein (Aβ) and tau phosphorylation (P-tau) protein deposition. Cell damage and neuroinflammation were observed in the three intervention groups. Totally speaking, oral exposure to leachate from boiled-water treated plastic results in cognitive decline and neuroinflammation in mammals, which is likely related to MGBA and changes in gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naifan Hu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Degong Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Lining Pu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Xiaoxue He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Yurun Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Zhenfan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Shulan He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Jiangping Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China.
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Augustin A, Guennec AL, Umamahesan C, Kendler‐Rhodes A, Tucker RM, Chekmeneva E, Takis P, Lewis M, Balasubramanian K, DeSouza N, Mullish BH, Taylor D, Ryan S, Whelan K, Ma Y, Ibrahim MAA, Bjarnason I, Hayee BH, Charlett A, Dobbs SM, Dobbs RJ, Weller C. Faecal metabolite deficit, gut inflammation and diet in Parkinson's disease: Integrative analysis indicates inflammatory response syndrome. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1152. [PMID: 36588088 PMCID: PMC9806009 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut-brain axis is widely implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). We take an integrated approach to considering the gut as a target for disease-modifying intervention, using continuous measurements of disease facets irrespective of diagnostic divide. METHODS We characterised 77 participants with diagnosed-PD, 113 without, by dietary/exogenous substance intake, faecal metabolome, intestinal inflammation, serum cytokines/chemokines, clinical phenotype including colonic transit time. Complete-linkage hierarchical cluster analysis of metabolites discriminant for PD-status was performed. RESULTS Longer colonic transit was linked to deficits in faecal short-chain-fatty acids outside PD, to a 'tryptophan-containing metabolite cluster' overall. Phenotypic cluster analysis aggregated colonic transit with brady/hypokinesia, tremor, sleep disorder and dysosmia, each individually associated with tryptophan-cluster deficit. Overall, a faster pulse was associated with deficits in a metabolite cluster including benzoic acid and an imidazole-ring compound (anti-fungals) and vitamin B3 (anti-inflammatory) and with higher serum CCL20 (chemotactic for lymphocytes/dendritic cells towards mucosal epithelium). The faster pulse in PD was irrespective of postural hypotension. The benzoic acid-cluster deficit was linked to (well-recognised) lower caffeine and alcohol intakes, tryptophan-cluster deficit to higher maltose intake. Free-sugar intake was increased in PD, maltose intake being 63% higher (p = .001). Faecal calprotectin was 44% (95% CI 5%, 98%) greater in PD [p = .001, adjusted for proton-pump inhibitors (p = .001)], with 16% of PD-probands exceeding a cut-point for clinically significant inflammation compatible with inflammatory bowel disease. Higher maltose intake was associated with exceeding this calprotectin cut-point. CONCLUSIONS Emerging picture is of (i) clinical phenotype being described by deficits in microbial metabolites essential to gut health; (ii) intestinal inflammation; (iii) a systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Augustin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- The Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | | | - Chianna Umamahesan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- The Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | | | - Rosalind M. Tucker
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- The Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Elena Chekmeneva
- National Phenome CentreImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Section of Bioanalytical ChemistryImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Panteleimon Takis
- National Phenome CentreImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Section of Bioanalytical ChemistryImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Matthew Lewis
- National Phenome CentreImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Section of Bioanalytical ChemistryImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | - Benjamin H Mullish
- Department of MetabolismDigestion and ReproductionImperial College, LondonUK
| | - David Taylor
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- The Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | | | - Kevin Whelan
- Nutritional SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Yun Ma
- Institute of Liver StudiesKing's College HospitalLondonUK
| | | | | | | | - André Charlett
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Statistics, Modelling and EconomicsUK Health Security AgencyLondonUK
| | - Sylvia M. Dobbs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- GastroenterologyKing's College HospitalLondonUK
| | - R. John Dobbs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- GastroenterologyKing's College HospitalLondonUK
| | - Clive Weller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
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Sheng S, Zhao S, Zhang F. Insights into the roles of bacterial infection and antibiotics in Parkinson’s disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:939085. [PMID: 35967873 PMCID: PMC9366083 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.939085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, which is accompanied with the classical motor symptoms and a range of non-motor symptoms. Bacterial infection affects the neuroinflammation associated with the pathology of PD and various antibiotics have also been confirmed to play an important role not only in bacterial infection, but also in the PD progression. This mini-review summarized the role of common bacterial infection in PD and introduced several antibiotics that had anti-PD effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- Electron Microscopy Room of School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Zhang,
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7
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Wang X, Jiang D, Li T, Zhang X, Wang R, Gao S, Yang F, Wang Y, Tian Q, Xie C, Liang J. Association between microbiological risk factors and neurodegenerative disorders: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:991085. [PMID: 36213914 PMCID: PMC9537612 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.991085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The role of microbiological factors in the development of neurodegenerative diseases is attracting increasing attention, while the relationship remains debated. This study aimed to comprehensively summarize and evaluate the associations between microbiological factors and the risk of neurodegenerative disorders with an umbrella review. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were used to search for papers from the earliest to March 2021 for identifying meta-analyses and systematic reviews that examined associations between microbiological factors and neurodegenerative diseases. AMSTAR2 tool was employed to evaluate the methodical quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The effect size and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were recalculated with a random effect model after the overlap was recognized by the corrected covered area (CCA) method. The heterogeneity of each meta-analysis was measured by the I 2 statistic and 95% prediction interval (95% PI). Additionally, publication bias and the quality of evidence were evaluated for all 37 unique associations. Only 4 associations had above the medium level of evidence, and the rest associations presented a low level of evidence. Among them, helicobacter pylori (HP), infection, and bacteria are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), and the other one verifies that periodontal disease is a risk factor for all types of dementia. Following the evidence of our study, eradication of HP and aggressive treatment of periodontitis are beneficial for the prevention of PD and dementia, respectively. This umbrella review provides comprehensive quality-grade evidence on the relationship between microbial factors and neurodegenerative disease. Regardless of much evidence linking microbial factors to neurodegenerative diseases, these associations are not necessarily causal, and the evidence level is generally low. Thus, more effective studies are required. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#searchadvanced, PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42021239512.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxiong Li
- Surgery Centre of Diabetes Mellitus, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine (Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University), Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Tian
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunrong Xie
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Chunrong Xie
| | - Jinghong Liang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jinghong Liang
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Munoz-Pinto MF, Empadinhas N, Cardoso SM. The neuromicrobiology of Parkinson's disease: A unifying theory. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101396. [PMID: 34171417 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence confirms that PD is indeed a multifactorial disease with different aetiologies and prodromal symptomatology that likely depend on the initial trigger. New players with important roles as triggers, facilitators and aggravators of the PD neurodegenerative process have re-emerged in the last few years, the microbes. Having evolved in association with humans for ages, microbes and their products are now seen as fundamental regulators of human physiology with disturbances in their balance being increasingly accepted to have a relevant impact on the progression of disease in general and on PD in particular. In this review, we comprehensively address early studies that have directly or indirectly linked bacteria or other infectious agents to the onset and progression of PD, from the earliest suspects to the most recent culprits, the gut microbiota. The quest for effective treatments to arrest PD progression must inevitably address the different interactions between microbiota and human cells, and naturally consider the gut-brain axis. The comprehensive characterization of such mechanisms will help design innovative bacteriotherapeutic approaches to selectively shape the gut microbiota profile ultimately to halt PD progression. The present review describes our current understanding of the role of microorganisms and their endosymbiotic relatives, the mitochondria, in inducing, facilitating, or aggravating PD pathogenesis.
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9
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He X, Wang R, Wang T. The role of immune cells in the course of Parkinson's disease. IBRAIN 2021; 7:146-151. [PMID: 37786903 PMCID: PMC10529156 DOI: 10.1002/j.2769-2795.2021.tb00077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in the central nervous system. The pathological manifestations mainly consist of α-synuclein accumulation, degeneration and death of dopaminergic neurons, and insufficient dopamine secretion. There are many pathophysiological mechanisms leading to these pathological changes. The role of autoimmunity in Parkinson's disease is one of the academic hotspots in recent years. Many types of immune cells actively participate in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, such as dendritic cells, microglia, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, which lead to abnormal immune response in Parkinson's disease patients. Therefore, this paper focuses on reviewing the research progress of immune cells in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu‐Ying He
- Institute of Neurological DiseaseDepartment of AnesthesiologyTranslational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ru‐Rong Wang
- Institute of Neurological DiseaseDepartment of AnesthesiologyTranslational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ting‐Hua Wang
- Institute of Neurological DiseaseDepartment of AnesthesiologyTranslational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Institute of NeuroscienceLaboratory Zoology DepartmentKunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
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10
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Abstract
The links between diet and Parkinson's disease (PD) are unclear and incomprehensible. However, numerous studies have demonstrated the correlation between diet, nutrients and health condition in PD patients. They indicate the possibility of management of the disease, which might be possible through nutrition. Pharmaceutical treatment as well as a complementary holistic approach to the patients should be considered. It is of critical importance to understand how the diet and nutrients might influence PD. A better understanding of the relationship between diet and PD could help to better manage the disease explain promising therapeutic approaches, minimize motor and nonmotor symptoms and disease progression based on a personalized diet. In this review, the recent literature on the observed nutrition disorders and the possible role of diet and nutrients in the prevention and potential regression of PD, as well as dietary interventions and supplementation used to manage the disease is revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gątarek
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Kałużna-Czaplińska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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Tucker RM, Augustin AD, Hayee BH, Bjarnason I, Taylor D, Weller C, Charlett A, Dobbs SM, Dobbs RJ. Role of Helicobacters in Neuropsychiatric Disease: A Systematic Review in Idiopathic Parkinsonism. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072159. [PMID: 32650535 PMCID: PMC7408992 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in an aetiopathogenic role for Helicobacter in neuropsychiatric diseases started with idiopathic parkinsonism (IP), where the cardinal signs can be assessed objectively. This systematic review, using an EMBASE database search, addresses Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine based questions on the inter-relationship of Helicobacter and IP, the benefits of eradicating Helicobacter in IP and the outcome of not treating. The search strategy was based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines: 21 of 204 articles met the inclusion criteria. The results show that the assumption that any benefit of Helicobacter eradication results from improved levodopa bioavailability is unjustified. The inter-relationship between Helicobacter and IP is well-established. H. pylori virulence markers (associated with autoimmunity and immune tolerance) influence the risk, severity and progression of IP. The birth cohort effect for virulence marker antibodies, seen in controls, is obliterated in IP, suggesting causality. Successful H. pylori eradication in IP is disease-modifying (even in anti-parkinsonian treatment-naïve patients) but not preventive. Hypokinesia regresses with eradication and overall motor severity lessens. Eradication may influence gastrointestinal microbiota adversely, unlocking the next stage in the natural history, the development of rigidity. Failed eradication worsens hypokinesia, as does the presence/persistence of H. pylori at molecular level only. Adequate prognostic assessment of the consequences of not treating Helicobacter, for IP, is prevented by a short follow-up. We conclude that Helicobacter is a pathophysiological driver of IP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind M. Tucker
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.M.T.); (A.D.A.); (D.T.); (C.W.); (A.C.); (R.J.D.)
- The Maudsley Hospital, London SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Aisha D. Augustin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.M.T.); (A.D.A.); (D.T.); (C.W.); (A.C.); (R.J.D.)
- The Maudsley Hospital, London SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Bu’ Hussain Hayee
- Gastroenterology, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK; (B.H.H.); (I.B.)
| | - Ingvar Bjarnason
- Gastroenterology, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK; (B.H.H.); (I.B.)
| | - David Taylor
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.M.T.); (A.D.A.); (D.T.); (C.W.); (A.C.); (R.J.D.)
- The Maudsley Hospital, London SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Clive Weller
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.M.T.); (A.D.A.); (D.T.); (C.W.); (A.C.); (R.J.D.)
| | - André Charlett
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.M.T.); (A.D.A.); (D.T.); (C.W.); (A.C.); (R.J.D.)
- Statistics, Modelling and Economics, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Sylvia M Dobbs
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.M.T.); (A.D.A.); (D.T.); (C.W.); (A.C.); (R.J.D.)
- The Maudsley Hospital, London SE5 8AZ, UK
- Gastroenterology, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK; (B.H.H.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - R John Dobbs
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.M.T.); (A.D.A.); (D.T.); (C.W.); (A.C.); (R.J.D.)
- The Maudsley Hospital, London SE5 8AZ, UK
- Gastroenterology, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK; (B.H.H.); (I.B.)
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12
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Distinctive Pathophysiology Underlying Constipation in Parkinson's Disease: Implications for Cognitive Inefficiency. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061916. [PMID: 32575365 PMCID: PMC7356098 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is associated with constipation within and outside Parkinson’s disease (PD). Since inefficient cognitive-processing (bradyphrenia) features in PD and an enterokinetic agent improved cognitive performance in healthy individuals, bradyphrenia may be associated with constipation. We aim to define the archetypical bowel function of PD, and its association with cognition, mood, and motor features within and outside PD. We assessed colonic transit time (oral radio-opaque markers over 6 days), bowel function and psychometric questionnaires and measures of PD facets, including bradyphrenia, in 58 participants with diagnosed PD, and 71 without (controls). The best abdominal X-ray (day 7) predictors of PD status were total retained marker count and transverse colon segmental delay. However, Rome functional constipation status complemented segmental delay better, giving good specificity (85%) but low sensitivity (56%). Transverse colon marker count appeared to be age-associated only in PD. In PD, those correctly classified by bowel dysfunction had higher depression scores (p = 0.02) and longer cognitive-processing times than the misclassified (p = 0.05). Controls misclassified as PD by bowel dysfunction had higher depression and anxiety scores than the correctly classified (p = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively), but not slower cognitive processing. Measures of motor features were independent of sub-classification by bowel function in PD and in controls. In conclusion, constipation in PD has distinct localized pathophysiology, and is associated with bradyphrenia.
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13
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The Influence of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Digestive and Extra-Intestinal Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103531. [PMID: 32429454 PMCID: PMC7279035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a condition hallmarked by an increase in the concentration of colonic-type bacteria in the small bowel. Watery diarrhea, bloating, abdominal pain and distension are the most common clinical manifestations. Additionally, malnutrition and vitamin (B12, D, A, and E) as well as minerals (iron and calcium) deficiency may be present. SIBO may mask or worsen the history of some diseases (celiac disease, irritable bowel disease), may be more common in some extra-intestinal disorders (scleroderma, obesity), or could even represent a pathogenetic link with some diseases, in which a perturbation of intestinal microbiota may be involved. On these bases, we performed a review to explore the multiple links between SIBO and digestive and extra-intestinal diseases.
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Sun C, Zhao Z, Yu W, Mo M, Song C, Si Y, Liu Y. Abnormal subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes are involved in Parkinson's disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:637. [PMID: 31930038 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Abnormal immune responses are involved in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD), and also affect peripheral blood lymphocytes. The profile of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and whether it is relevant to the clinical features of PD patients remains controversial. Methods To explore the role of peripheral blood lymphocytes (NK cells, B cells, CD3+ T cells, CD3+CD4+ T cells and CD3+CD8+ T cells) in the development of PD, a case-control study including 127 patients and 148 healthy controls was conducted, and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations of participants were analysed by a FACSCalibur flow cytometer. Results PD patients had a significantly higher percentage of NK cells and a lower percentage of CD3+ T cells and CD3+CD4+ T cells than controls [16.4% (12.3%) vs. 12.6% (6.2%), 63.7% (14.2%) vs. 69.0% (6.6%), 33.1% (13.1%) vs. 38.9% (7.6%), P<0.05, respectively]. Through a binary logistic regression model adjusted for gender and age, we found that those who were outside of the reference range of peripheral blood lymphocytes (NK cell, B cell, CD3+ T cell and CD3+CD4+ T cell) had an increased risk of PD [odds ratio (OR): 2.3, 5.1, 3.1 and 4.1, P<0.05, respectively]. Through a multivariable linear regression model adjusted for gender, age and levodopa equivalent daily dose, we found that deviation from the reference range of CD3+CD8+ T cells (regression coefficient =3.474, P=0.015), course of disease (regression coefficient =0.411, P=0.004) and the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) scores (regression coefficient =0.553, P=5.92E-11) had a positive association with the Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS)-III score (adjusted R2=0.364, F=13.004). Conclusions Abnormal peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations have clinical relevance for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Wenfei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Mingshu Mo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Chengyuan Song
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Youfeng Si
- Department of Neurology, Feicheng Mining Central Hospital, Feicheng 271600, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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15
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Cryan JF, O'Riordan KJ, Cowan CSM, Sandhu KV, Bastiaanssen TFS, Boehme M, Codagnone MG, Cussotto S, Fulling C, Golubeva AV, Guzzetta KE, Jaggar M, Long-Smith CM, Lyte JM, Martin JA, Molinero-Perez A, Moloney G, Morelli E, Morillas E, O'Connor R, Cruz-Pereira JS, Peterson VL, Rea K, Ritz NL, Sherwin E, Spichak S, Teichman EM, van de Wouw M, Ventura-Silva AP, Wallace-Fitzsimons SE, Hyland N, Clarke G, Dinan TG. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1877-2013. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1243] [Impact Index Per Article: 248.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, the past 15 yr have seen the emergence of the microbiota (the trillions of microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one of the key regulators of gut-brain function and has led to the appreciation of the importance of a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This axis is gaining ever more traction in fields investigating the biological and physiological basis of psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, and neurodegenerative disorders. The microbiota and the brain communicate with each other via various routes including the immune system, tryptophan metabolism, the vagus nerve and the enteric nervous system, involving microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino acids, and peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence microbiota composition in early life, including infection, mode of birth delivery, use of antibiotic medications, the nature of nutritional provision, environmental stressors, and host genetics. At the other extreme of life, microbial diversity diminishes with aging. Stress, in particular, can significantly impact the microbiota-gut-brain axis at all stages of life. Much recent work has implicated the gut microbiota in many conditions including autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models have been paramount in linking the regulation of fundamental neural processes, such as neurogenesis and myelination, to microbiome activation of microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing and will greatly enhance the field. Future studies will focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain axis and attempt to elucidate microbial-based intervention and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kenneth J. O'Riordan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitlin S. M. Cowan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kiran V. Sandhu
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F. S. Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcus Boehme
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin G. Codagnone
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sofia Cussotto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Christine Fulling
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anna V. Golubeva
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katherine E. Guzzetta
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Minal Jaggar
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitriona M. Long-Smith
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joshua M. Lyte
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jason A. Martin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alicia Molinero-Perez
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Moloney
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emanuela Morelli
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Enrique Morillas
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rory O'Connor
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joana S. Cruz-Pereira
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Veronica L. Peterson
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran Rea
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nathaniel L. Ritz
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoin Sherwin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Simon Spichak
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emily M. Teichman
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcel van de Wouw
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ana Paula Ventura-Silva
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shauna E. Wallace-Fitzsimons
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G. Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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16
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Augustin AD, Savio A, Nevel A, Ellis RJ, Weller C, Taylor D, Tucker RM, Ibrahim MAA, Bjarnason I, Dobbs SM, Dobbs RJ, Charlett A. Helicobacter suis Is Associated With Mortality in Parkinson's Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:188. [PMID: 31555648 PMCID: PMC6724659 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Its eradication, in a randomized placebo-controlled trial, improved PD hypokinesia. Helicobacter species zoonosis might explain excess mortality from PD and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in livestock, but not arable, farmers. Indeed, Helicobacter is causally-associated with gastric lymphoma. We have previously shown that the relative-frequency, H. suis to H. pylori, was 10-times greater in 60 PD-patients than in 256 controls. We now go on to evaluate the pathological significance of H. suis, detected in gastric-biopsy DNA-extracts by ureA-based species-specific qPCR, validated by amplicon sequencing. The methodology had been cross-validated by a carR-based PCR. The pathological significance is put in context of H. pylori detection [urea-breath-test (UBT) with biopsy-culture, and, if negative, PCR], and the potential reservoir in pigs. Here, we explore, in these 60 PD-patients, associations of H. suis status with all-cause-mortality, and with orthostatic cardiovascular and blood profiling. H. suis had been detected in 19 of the 60 PD-patients on one or more occasion, only two (with co-existent H. pylori) being UBT positive. We found that the hazard-of-death (age-at-diagnosis- and gender-adjusted) was 12 (95% CI 1,103) times greater (likelihood-ratio test, P = 0.005) with H. suis-positivity (6/19) than with negativity (2/40: one lost to follow-up). UBT-values did not influence the hazard. H. suis-positivity was associated with lower standing mean-arterial-pressure [6 (1, 11) mmHg], H. pylori-positivity having no effect. The lower total lymphocyte count with H. pylori-positivity [-8 (-1, -14) %] was not seen with H. suis, where T-cell counts were higher [24 (2, 52) %]. Regarding the potential zoonotic reservoir in the UK, Helicobacter-like-organism frequency was determined in freshly-slaughtered pigs, nature ascertained by sequencing. Organisms immunostaining for Helicobacter, with corkscrew morphology typical of non-H. pylori Helicobacter, were seen in 47% of 111 pig-antra. We conclude that H. suis is associated with all-cause-mortality in PD and has a potential zoonotic reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha D. Augustin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonella Savio
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Histopathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Nevel
- Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Clive Weller
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Taylor
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalind M. Tucker
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ingvar Bjarnason
- Gastroenterology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia M. Dobbs
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Gastroenterology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - R. John Dobbs
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Gastroenterology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - André Charlett
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Statistics, Modelling and Economics, Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Rizvanov AA, Haertlé T, Bogomolnaya L, Talebi Bezmin Abadi A. Helicobacter pylori and Its Antibiotic Heteroresistance: A Neglected Issue in Published Guidelines. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1796. [PMID: 31456763 PMCID: PMC6700363 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
"Heteroresistance" is a widely applied term that characterizes most of the multidrug-resistant microorganisms. In microbiological practice, the word "heteroresistance" indicates diverse responses to specific antibiotics by bacterial subpopulations in the same patient. These resistant subpopulations of heteroresistant strains do not respond to antibiotic therapy in vitro or in vivo. Presently, there is no standard protocol available for the treatment of infections caused by heteroresistant Helicobacter pylori in clinical settings, at least according to recent guidelines. Thus, there is a definite need to open a new discussion on how to recognize, how to screen, and how to eliminate those problematic strains in clinical and environmental samples. Since there is great interest in developing new strategies to improve the eradication rate of anti-H. pylori treatments, the presence of heteroresistant strains/clones among clinical isolates of the bacteria should be taken into account. Indeed, increased knowledge of gastroenterologists about the existence of heteroresistance phenomena is highly required. Moreover, the accurate breakpoints should be examined/determined in order to have a solid statement of heteroresistance among the H. pylori isolates. The primary definition of heteroresistance was about coexistence of both resistant and susceptible isolates at the similar gastric microniche at once, while we think that it can be happened subsequently as well. The new guidelines should include a personalized aspect in the standard protocol to select a precise, effective antibiotic therapy for infected patients and also address the problems of regional antibiotic susceptibility profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Thomas Haertlé
- Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nantes, France
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lydia Bogomolnaya
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Amin Talebi Bezmin Abadi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Carmona-Abellan M, Rodríguez-Lago I, Cabriada JL, Gómez-Esteban JC. The relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson's disease: true or fiction? Scand J Gastroenterol 2019; 54:886-889. [PMID: 31314610 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2019.1641739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms can precede by many years the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and these patients can show some degree of inflammation associated with abnormal aggregates of alpha-synuclein in the GI tract. The abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein and the spreading of the aggregates from the gut to the brain might be promoted by inflammation, rising the hypothesis of a possible relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and PD. Many population-based studies have explored this association, but they have found conflicting results. It is essential to clarify this hypothesis and to try to elucidate the milestones of this relationship. There is no clear concordance between the results and the interpretation of different previous findings, probably due to many confounding factors such as drugs with anti-inflammatory activity, surgery, genetic predisposition and also selection bias. If there is a real association between both diseases, gastroenterologists and neurologists should be able to detect possible triggers of the disease or on the other hand, protective factors, that may be considered in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iago Rodríguez-Lago
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute , Barakaldo , Spain.,Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Galdakao , Galdakao , Spain
| | - Jose Luis Cabriada
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute , Barakaldo , Spain.,Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Galdakao , Galdakao , Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Gómez-Esteban
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute , Barakaldo , Spain.,Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario de Cruces , Barakaldo , Spain
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19
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Lange KW, Nakamura Y, Chen N, Guo J, Kanaya S, Lange KM, Li S. Diet and medical foods in Parkinson’s disease. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Becker A, Faßbender K, Oertel WH, Unger MM. A punch in the gut - Intestinal inflammation links environmental factors to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 60:43-45. [PMID: 30292735 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an etiologically heterogeneous disorder. Experimental, clinical and epidemiological data suggest that intestinal inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of PD. This article reviews recent literature on gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation in PD. We propose that intestinal inflammation links environmental factors (e.g. an altered gut microbiota composition) to neurodegeneration in (genetically susceptible) PD patients. In addition, there is an epidemiological and genetic overlap between PD and inflammatory bowel disease. This overlap provides an opportunity to develop new treatment strategies for at least a subgroup of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouck Becker
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Faßbender
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany; Institute for Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Institute, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus M Unger
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
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21
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Abstract
Few studies have investigated the role of inflammation in Lewy body dementia (LBD) and variable results have been found. We systematically reviewed the literature for evidence of systemic inflammatory changes in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson disease dementia. Owing to the low number of studies we also included Parkinson disease. Key terms were used to search the relevant databases. Titles and abstracts were screened and potentially relevant articles were reviewed in full. References of included studies and relevant reviews were searched. The database search returned 2166 results, 46 of which were finally included in the systematic review. These studies showed a general increase in inflammatory markers in the peripheral blood, most notably interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-10. Studies examining cerebrospinal fluid found IL-1β, IL-6, and transforming growth factor-β1 to be particularly increased, and interferon-γ decreased. C-reactive protein levels were increased, particularly in Parkinson disease dementia. These results provide evidence that LBD is associated with an increased inflammatory response. Furthermore, there may be a stronger general inflammatory response in LBD than in Parkinson disease, while complex changes occur in the individual cytokines.
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22
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Fecal markers of intestinal inflammation and intestinal permeability are elevated in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 50:104-107. [PMID: 29454662 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Intestinal inflammation and increased intestinal permeability (both possibly fueled by dysbiosis) have been suggested to be implicated in the multifactorial pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The objective of the current study was to investigate whether fecal markers of inflammation and impaired intestinal barrier function corroborate this pathogenic aspect of PD. METHODS In a case-control study, we quantitatively analyzed established fecal markers of intestinal inflammation (calprotectin and lactoferrin) and fecal markers of intestinal permeability (alpha-1-antitrypsin and zonulin) in PD patients (n = 34) and controls (n = 28, group-matched for age) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The study design controlled for potential confounding factors. RESULTS Calprotectin, a fecal marker of intestinal inflammation, and two fecal markers of increased intestinal permeability (alpha-1-antitrypsin and zonulin) were significantly elevated in PD patients compared to age-matched controls. Lactoferrin, as a second fecal marker of intestinal inflammation, showed a non-significant trend towards elevated concentrations in PD patients. None of the four fecal markers correlated with disease severity, PD subtype, dopaminergic therapy, or presence of constipation. CONCLUSIONS Fecal markers reflecting intestinal inflammation and increased intestinal permeability have been primarily investigated in inflammatory bowel disease so far. Our data indicate that calprotectin, alpha-1-antitrypsin and zonulin could be useful non-invasive markers in PD as well. Even though these markers are not disease-specific, they corroborate the hypothesis of an intestinal inflammation as contributing factor in the pathogenesis of PD. Further investigations are needed to determine whether calprotectin, alpha-1-antitrypsin and zonulin can be used to define PD subgroups and to monitor the effect of interventions in PD.
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23
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McGee DJ, Lu XH, Disbrow EA. Stomaching the Possibility of a Pathogenic Role for Helicobacter pylori in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2018; 8:367-374. [PMID: 29966206 PMCID: PMC6130334 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-181327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While a small subset of Parkinson's disease cases have genetic causes, most cases are sporadic and may have an environmental contributor that has largely remained enigmatic. Remarkably, gastrointestinal symptoms in PD patients serve as a prodrome for the eventual motor dysfunctions. Herein, we review studies exploring a possible link between the gastric human pathogen Helicobacter pylori and PD. We provide plausible and testable hypotheses for how this organism might contribute to PD: 1) a toxin(s) produced by the bacteria; 2) disruption of the intestinal microbiome; 3) local inflammation that crosses the gut-brain axis, leading to neuroinflammation; and 4) manipulation of the pharmacokinetics of the PD drug levodopa by H. pylori, even in those not receiving exogenous levodopa. Key findings are: 1) people with PD are 1.5-3-fold more likely to be infected with H. pylori than people without PD; 2) H. pylori-infected PD patients display worse motor functions than H. pylori-negative PD patients; 3) eradication of H. pylori improves motor function in PD patients over PD patients whose H. pylori was not eradicated; and 4) eradication of H. pylori improves levodopa absorption in PD patients compared to that of PD patients whose H. pylori was not eradicated. Evidence is accumulating that H. pylori has a link with PD, but the mechanism is unclear. Future work should explore the effects of H. pylori on development of PD in defined PD animal models, focusing on the roles of H. pylori toxins, inflammation, levodopa absorption, and microbiome dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. McGee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Disbrow
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Neurology, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
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24
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purposes of this review were as follows: first, to provide an overview of the gut microbiota and its interactions with the gut and the central nervous system (the microbiota-gut-brain axis) in health, second, to review the relevance of this axis to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, and, finally, to assess the potential for microbiota-targeted therapies. RECENT FINDINGS Work on animal models has established the microbiota-gut-brain axis as a real phenomenon; to date, the evidence for its operation in man has been limited and has been confronted by considerable logistical challenges. Animal and translational models have incriminated a disturbed gut microbiota in a number of CNS disorders, including Parkinson's disease; data from human studies is scanty. While a theoretical basis can be developed for the use of microbiota-directed therapies in neurodegenerative disorders, support is yet to come from high-quality clinical trials. In theory, a role for the microbiota-gut-brain axis is highly plausible; clinical confirmation is awaited.
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25
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Liu H, Su W, Li S, Du W, Ma X, Jin Y, Li K, Chen H. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection might improve clinical status of patients with Parkinson’s disease, especially on bradykinesia. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2017; 160:101-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Heintz-Buschart A, Pandey U, Wicke T, Sixel-Döring F, Janzen A, Sittig-Wiegand E, Trenkwalder C, Oertel WH, Mollenhauer B, Wilmes P. The nasal and gut microbiome in Parkinson's disease and idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Mov Disord 2017; 33:88-98. [PMID: 28843021 PMCID: PMC5811909 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence connects the gut microbiota and the onset and/or phenotype of Parkinson's disease (PD). Differences in the abundances of specific bacterial taxa have been reported in PD patients. It is, however, unknown whether these differences can be observed in individuals at high risk, for example, with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, a prodromal condition of α‐synuclein aggregation disorders including PD. Objectives To compare microbiota in carefully preserved nasal wash and stool samples of subjects with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, manifest PD, and healthy individuals. Methods Microbiota of flash‐frozen stool and nasal wash samples from 76 PD patients, 21 idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder patients, and 78 healthy controls were assessed by 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing. Seventy variables, related to demographics, clinical parameters including nonmotor symptoms, and sample processing, were analyzed in relation to microbiome variability and controlled differential analyses were performed. Results Differentially abundant gut microbes, such as Akkermansia, were observed in PD, but no strong differences in nasal microbiota. Eighty percent of the differential gut microbes in PD versus healthy controls showed similar trends in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, for example, Anaerotruncus and several Bacteroides spp., and correlated with nonmotor symptoms. Metagenomic sequencing of select samples enabled the reconstruction of genomes of so far uncharacterized differentially abundant organisms. Conclusion Our study reveals differential abundances of gut microbial taxa in PD and its prodrome idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in comparison to the healthy controls, and highlights the potential of metagenomics to identify and characterize microbial taxa, which are enriched or depleted in PD and/or idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. © 2017 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Heintz-Buschart
- Eco-Systems Biology Research Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Urvashi Pandey
- Eco-Systems Biology Research Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Tamara Wicke
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Sixel-Döring
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
| | - Annette Janzen
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany.,University Medical Center Goettingen, Department of Neurosurgery, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany.,University Medical Center Goettingen, Department of Neurology, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Eco-Systems Biology Research Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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27
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Li W, Wu X, Hu X, Wang T, Liang S, Duan Y, Jin F, Qin B. Structural changes of gut microbiota in Parkinson’s disease and its correlation with clinical features. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:1223-1233. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-9001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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28
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Leheste JR, Ruvolo KE, Chrostowski JE, Rivera K, Husko C, Miceli A, Selig MK, Brüggemann H, Torres G. P. acnes-Driven Disease Pathology: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:81. [PMID: 28352613 PMCID: PMC5348501 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the biology and behavior of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), a dominant bacterium species of the skin biogeography thought to be associated with transmission, recurrence and severity of disease. More specifically, we discuss the ability of P. acnes to invade and persist in epithelial cells and circulating macrophages to subsequently induce bouts of sarcoidosis, low-grade inflammation and metastatic cell growth in the prostate gland. Finally, we discuss the possibility of P. acnes infiltrating the brain parenchyma to indirectly contribute to pathogenic processes in neurodegenerative disorders such as those observed in Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg R Leheste
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn E Ruvolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Joanna E Chrostowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Kristin Rivera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Husko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Alyssa Miceli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Martin K Selig
- Molecular Pathology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - German Torres
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury, NY, USA
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29
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Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Gut instincts: microbiota as a key regulator of brain development, ageing and neurodegeneration. J Physiol 2017; 595:489-503. [PMID: 27641441 PMCID: PMC5233671 DOI: 10.1113/jp273106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing realisation that the gut-brain axis and its regulation by the microbiota may play a key role in the biological and physiological basis of neurodevelopmental, age-related and neurodegenerative disorders. The routes of communication between the microbiota and brain are being unravelled and include the vagus nerve, gut hormone signalling, the immune system, tryptophan metabolism or by way of microbial metabolites such as short chain fatty acids. The importance of early life gut microbiota in shaping future health outcomes is also emerging. Disturbances of this composition by way of antibiotic exposure, lack of breastfeeding, infection, stress and the environmental influences coupled with the influence of host genetics can result in long-term effects on physiology and behaviour, at least in animal models. It is also worth noting that mode of delivery at birth influences microbiota composition with those born by Caesarean section having a distinctly different microbiota in early life to those born per vaginum. At the other extreme of life, ageing is associated with a narrowing in microbial diversity and healthy ageing correlates with a diverse microbiome. Recently, the gut microbiota has been implicated in a variety of conditions including depression, autism, schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. There is still considerable debate as to whether or not the gut microbiota changes are core to the pathophysiology of such conditions or are merely epiphenomenal. It is plausible that such neuropsychiatric disorders might be treated in the future by targeting the microbiota either by microbiota transplantation, antibiotics or psychobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G. Dinan
- APC Microbiome InstituteUniversity College CorkIreland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural ScienceUniversity College CorkIreland
| | - John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome InstituteUniversity College CorkIreland
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceUniversity College CorkIreland
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30
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Intestinal Microbiota as an Alternative Therapeutic Target for Epilepsy. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2016; 2016:9032809. [PMID: 27882059 PMCID: PMC5108868 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9032809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most widespread serious neurological disorders, and an aetiological explanation has not been fully identified. In recent decades, a growing body of evidence has highlighted the influential role of autoimmune mechanisms in the progression of epilepsy. The hygiene hypothesis draws people's attention to the association between gut microbes and the onset of multiple immune disorders. It is also believed that, in addition to influencing digestive system function, symbiotic microbiota can bidirectionally and reversibly impact the programming of extraintestinal pathogenic immune responses during autoimmunity. Herein, we investigate the concept that the diversity of parasitifer sensitivity to commensal microbes and the specific constitution of the intestinal microbiota might impact host susceptibility to epilepsy through promotion of Th17 cell populations in the central nervous system (CNS).
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31
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Augustin AD, Charlett A, Weller C, Dobbs SM, Taylor D, Bjarnason I, Dobbs RJ. Quantifying rigidity of Parkinson's disease in relation to laxative treatment: a service evaluation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 82:441-50. [PMID: 27062674 PMCID: PMC4972160 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To estimate whether laxatives prescribed for constipation in Parkinson's disease (PD) could moderate rigidity. Constipation predates diagnosis of PD by decades. Deposition of misfolded protein may begin in the gut, driven by dysbiosis. Successive antimicrobial exposures are associated with cumulative increase in rigidity, and rigidity has biological gradients on circulating leukocyte‐subset counts. Methods Retrospective service evaluation, in a gut/brain axis clinic, yielded an interrupted time series, relating maintenance laxative and other medication to rigidity, in consecutive outpatients identified by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Objective assessment of rigidity was used to bring greater sensitivity to change, validated against subjective gold standard (UPDRS). Results There were 1493 measurements of torque required to extend (flexor rigidity) and flex (extensor rigidity) the forearm in 79 PD patients over 374 person‐years. Both were strongly associated with UPDRS (P < 0.001 and P = 0.008, respectively). Before exhibition of laxative, flexor rigidity increased by 6% (95% CI 1, 10) per year, plateauing at −2% (−4, 1) per year after, with no shift at initiation. Change in slope was significant (P = 0.002), and manifest in those naïve to antiparkinsonian medication. The change was replicated for individual laxative classes (bulk, osmotic, enterokinetic). There was no temporal change in extensor rigidity. Limited experience with a quanylate cyclase‐C receptor agonist (17 patients, 6 person‐years) indicated a large and significant step down in flexor and extensor rigidity, of 19% (1, 34) and 16% (6, 24) respectively (P = 0.04 and <0.001). Conclusions Maintenance laxative usage was associated with apparent stemming of the temporal increase in rigidity in PD, adding to indicative evidence of a continuing role of gastrointestinal dysbiosis in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha D Augustin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK.,The Maudsley Hospital, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - André Charlett
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK.,Statistics Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Clive Weller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Sylvia M Dobbs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK.,The Maudsley Hospital, London, SE5 8AZ, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - David Taylor
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK.,The Maudsley Hospital, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Ingvar Bjarnason
- Department of Gastroenterology, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - R John Dobbs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK.,The Maudsley Hospital, London, SE5 8AZ, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
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32
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Winek K, Meisel A, Dirnagl U. Gut microbiota impact on stroke outcome: Fad or fact? J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:891-8. [PMID: 26945017 PMCID: PMC4853845 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16636890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microbiota and its contribution to brain function and diseases has become a hot topic in neuroscience. We discuss the emerging role of commensal bacteria in the course of stroke. Further, we review potential pitfalls in microbiota research and their impact on how we interpret the available evidence, emerging results, and on how we design future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Winek
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany NeuroCure Clinical Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Meisel
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany NeuroCure Clinical Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany NeuroCure Clinical Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany German Center for Neurodegeneration Research (DZNE), Berlin, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
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33
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Augmentation of Autoantibodies by Helicobacter pylori in Parkinson's Disease Patients May Be Linked to Greater Severity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153725. [PMID: 27100827 PMCID: PMC4839651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Its etiology remains elusive and at present only symptomatic treatments exists. Helicobacter pylori chronically colonizes the gastric mucosa of more than half of the global human population. Interestingly, H. pylori positivity has been found to be associated with greater of PD motor severity. In order to investigate the underlying cause of this association, the Sengenics Immunome protein array, which enables simultaneous screening for autoantibodies against 1636 human proteins, was used to screen the serum of 30 H. pylori-seropositive PD patients (case) and 30 age- and gender-matched H. pylori-seronegative PD patients (control) in this study. In total, 13 significant autoantibodies were identified and ranked, with 8 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated in the case group. Among autoantibodies found to be elevated in H. pylori-seropositive PD were included antibodies that recognize Nuclear factor I subtype A (NFIA), Platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB) and Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3 (eIFA3). The presence of elevated autoantibodies against proteins essential for normal neurological functions suggest that immunomodulatory properties of H. pylori may explain the association between H. pylori positivity and greater PD motor severity.
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34
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Bu LL, Yang K, Xiong WX, Liu FT, Anderson B, Wang Y, Wang J. Toward precision medicine in Parkinson's disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:26. [PMID: 26889479 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2016.01.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Precision medicine refers to an innovative approach selected for disease prevention and health promotion according to the individual characteristics of each patient. The goal of precision medicine is to formulate prevention and treatment strategies based on each individual with novel physiological and pathological insights into a certain disease. A multidimensional data-driven approach is about to upgrade "precision medicine" to a higher level of greater individualization in healthcare, a shift towards the treatment of individual patients rather than treating a certain disease including Parkinson's disease (PD). As one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, PD is a lifelong chronic disease with clinical and pathophysiologic complexity, currently it is treatable but neither preventable nor curable. At its advanced stage, PD is associated with devastating chronic complications including both motor dysfunction and non-motor symptoms which impose an immense burden on the life quality of patients. Advances in computational approaches provide opportunity to establish the patient's personalized disease data at the multidimensional levels, which finally meeting the need for the current concept of precision medicine via achieving the minimal side effects and maximal benefits individually. Hence, in this review, we focus on highlighting the perspectives of precision medicine in PD based on multi-dimensional information about OMICS, molecular imaging, deep brain stimulation (DBS) and wearable sensors. Precision medicine in PD is expected to integrate the best evidence-based knowledge to individualize optimal management in future health care for those with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Bu
- 1 Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China ; 2 School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ke Yang
- 1 Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China ; 2 School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-Xi Xiong
- 1 Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China ; 2 School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Feng-Tao Liu
- 1 Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China ; 2 School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boyd Anderson
- 1 Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China ; 2 School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ye Wang
- 1 Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China ; 2 School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian Wang
- 1 Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China ; 2 School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
The microbiome (or microbiota) are an ecological community of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms that outnumber the cells of the human body tenfold. These microorganisms are most abundant in the gut where they play an important role in health and disease. Alteration of the homeostasis of the gut microbiota can have beneficial or harmful consequences to health. There has recently been a major increase in studies on the association of the gut microbiome composition with disease phenotypes.The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is an excellent mouse model to study spontaneous type 1 diabetes development. We, and others, have reported that gut bacteria are critical modulators for type 1 diabetes development in genetically susceptible NOD mice.Here we present our standard protocol for gut microbiome analysis in NOD mice that has been routinely implemented in our research laboratory. This incorporates the following steps: (1) Isolation of total DNA from gut bacteria from mouse fecal samples or intestinal contents; (2) bacterial DNA sequencing, and (3) basic data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Yale University, 208020, New Haven, CT, 06520-8020, USA
| | - Youjia Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Yale University, 208020, New Haven, CT, 06520-8020, USA
| | - F Susan Wong
- Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Tenovus Building, Heath Park, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Yale University, 208020, New Haven, CT, 06520-8020, USA.
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36
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Mind-altering microbes. J Neurovirol 2015; 22:6-7. [PMID: 26139018 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-015-0365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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