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Zhang D, Jiang Y, Wang M, Zhao J, Wan J, Li Z, Huang D, Yu J, Li J, Liu J, Huang F, Hao S. A novel costimulatory molecule gene-modified leukemia cell-derived exosome enhances the anti-leukemia efficacy of DC vaccine in mouse models. Vaccine 2024; 42:126097. [PMID: 38960787 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Leukemia cell-derived exosomes (LEXs), carrying leukemia cell-specific antigens, can serve as a source of antigen for dendritic cell (DC) vaccine loading. However, LEX-targeted DC-based vaccines have demonstrated limited antitumor immune effects in clinical trials, attributed to the low immunogenicity of LEXs and the scant levels of costimulatory molecules on DCs. The costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, which are crucial to DC function, play a significant role in enhancing immune efficacy. In this study, we explored the anti-leukemia immune response of costimulatory molecule gene-modified LEX-targeted DCs (LEX-8086) in vitro and in animal models. METHODS DCs were incubated with LEX-8086 to produce LEX-8086-targeted DCs (DCsLEX-8086). ELISA, cytotoxicity assays and flow cytometry utilized to assess the antitumor efficacy of DCsLEX8086 in vitro. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the immunomodulatory function of DCsLEX8086 in animal models. RESULTS Our findings indicated that LEX-8086 enhanced the maturation and antigen-presenting ability of DCs. Immunization with DCsLEX8086 significantly activated CD8+ T cells and boosted the CTL response in vitro. More importantly, DCsLEX-8086 effectively suppressed tumor growth and exerted anti-leukemia effects in both prophylactic and therapeutic animal models. Furthermore, DCsLEX-8086 promoted the proportion of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and M1 macrophages in the tumor environments both prophylactically and therapeutically. Treatment with DCsLEX-8086 showed no significant difference in the levels of M2 macrophages but decreased the proportion of Tregs within the tumor bed during therapeutic experiments. CONCLUSION The results suggested that DCsLEX-8086 induces a more effective anti-leukemia immunity compared to DCsLEX-null in vivo and in vitro. DCsLEX-8086 might achieve antitumor effects by elevating the numbers of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and M1 macrophages in tumors. Our findings indicate that DCsLEX-8086 could be leveraged to develop a new, highly effective vaccine for anti-leukemia immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangbo Wan
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Siguo Hao
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Batista IA, Machado JC, Melo SA. Advances in exosomes utilization for clinical applications in cancer. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:947-968. [PMID: 39168775 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are regarded as having transformative potential for clinical applications. Exosome-based liquid biopsies offer a noninvasive method for early cancer detection and real-time disease monitoring. Clinical trials are underway to validate the efficacy of exosomal biomarkers for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and predicting treatment responses. Additionally, engineered exosomes are being developed as targeted drug delivery systems that can navigate the bloodstream to deliver therapeutic agents to tumor sites, thus enhancing treatment efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity. Exosomes also exhibit immunomodulatory properties, which are being harnessed to boost antitumor immune responses. In this review, we detail the latest advances in clinical trials and research studies, underscoring the potential of exosomes to revolutionize cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês A Batista
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José C Machado
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; P.CCC Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Raquel Seruca, Portugal
| | - Sonia A Melo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; P.CCC Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Raquel Seruca, Portugal.
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3
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Xu F, Luo S, Lu P, Cai C, Li W, Li C. Composition, functions, and applications of exosomal membrane proteins. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1408415. [PMID: 39148736 PMCID: PMC11324478 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1408415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes play a crucial role in various biological processes, such as human development, immune responses, and disease occurrence. The membrane proteins on exosomes are pivotal factors for their biological functionality. Currently, numerous membrane proteins have been identified on exosome membranes, participating in intercellular communication, mediating target cell recognition, and regulating immune processes. Furthermore, membrane proteins from exosomes derived from cancer cells can serve as relevant biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis. This article provides a comprehensive review of the composition of exosome membrane proteins and their diverse functions in the organism's biological processes. Through in-depth exploration of exosome membrane proteins, it is expected to offer essential foundations for the future development of novel biomedical diagnostics and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shumin Luo
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengpeng Lu
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanyun Li
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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4
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Hao X, Wang S, Wang L, Li J, Li Y, Liu J. Exosomes as drug delivery systems in glioma immunotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:340. [PMID: 38890722 PMCID: PMC11184820 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, the significant benefits of cancer immunotherapy for most cancers have been demonstrated in clinical and preclinical studies. However, the efficacy of these immunotherapies for gliomas is limited, owing to restricted drug delivery and insufficient immune activation. As drug carriers, exosomes offer the advantages of low toxicity, good biocompatibility, and intrinsic cell targeting, which could enhance glioma immunotherapy efficacy. However, a review of exosome-based drug delivery systems for glioma immunotherapy has not been presented. This review introduces the current problems in glioma immunotherapy and the role of exosomes in addressing these issues. Meanwhile, preparation and application strategies of exosome-based drug delivery systems for glioma immunotherapy are discussed, especially for enhancing immunogenicity and reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Finally, we briefly describe the challenges of exosome-based drug delivery systems in clinical translation. We anticipate that this review will guide the use of exosomes as drug carriers for glioma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqing Hao
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193 Lianhe Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China
- Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, No. 57 Xinda Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116085, China
| | - Shiming Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193 Lianhe Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193 Lianhe Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China
- Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, No. 57 Xinda Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116085, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Ying Li
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193 Lianhe Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China.
- Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, No. 57 Xinda Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116085, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193 Lianhe Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China.
- Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, No. 57 Xinda Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116085, China.
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5
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Alqarni A, Jasim SA, Altalbawy FMA, Kaur H, Kaur I, Rodriguez-Benites C, Deorari M, Alwaily ER, Al-Ani AM, Redhee AH. Challenges and opportunities for cancer stem cell-targeted immunotherapies include immune checkpoint inhibitor, cancer stem cell-dendritic cell vaccine, chimeric antigen receptor immune cells, and modified exosomes. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23719. [PMID: 38764138 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are associated with the tumor microenvironment (TME). CSCs induce tumorigenesis, tumor recurrence and progression, and resistance to standard therapies. Indeed, CSCs pose an increasing challenge to current cancer therapy due to their stemness or self-renewal properties. The molecular and cellular interactions between heterogeneous CSCs and surrounding TME components and tumor-supporting immune cells show synergistic effects toward treatment failure. In the immunosuppressive TME, CSCs express various immunoregulatory proteins, growth factors, metabolites and cytokines, and also produce exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicles, to protect themselves from host immune surveillance. Among these, the identification and application of CSC-derived exosomes could be considered for the development of therapeutic approaches to eliminate CSCs or cancer, in addition to targeting the modulators that remodel the composition of the TME, as reviewed in this study. Here, we introduce the role of CSCs and how their interaction with TME complicates immunotherapies, and then present the CSC-based immunotherapy and the limitation of these therapies. We describe the biology and role of tumor/CSC-derived exosomes that induce immune suppression in the TME, and finally, introduce their potentials for the development of CSC-based targeted immunotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alqarni
- Department of Diagnostics Dental Sciences and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Farag M A Altalbawy
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Duba, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, India
- Department of Health and Allied Sciences, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, India
| | - Irwanjot Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Benites
- Departamento Académico de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Perú
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Enas R Alwaily
- Microbiology Research Group, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi Qar, Iraq
| | - Ahmed M Al-Ani
- Department of Medical Engineering, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed H Redhee
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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6
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Huang Z, Liu X, Guo Q, Zhou Y, Shi L, Cai Q, Tang S, Ouyang Q, Zheng J. Extracellular vesicle-mediated communication between CD8 + cytotoxic T cells and tumor cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1376962. [PMID: 38562940 PMCID: PMC10982391 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1376962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumors pose a significant global public health challenge, resulting in numerous fatalities annually. CD8+ T cells play a crucial role in combating tumors; however, their effectiveness is compromised by the tumor itself and the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in reduced efficacy of immunotherapy. In this dynamic interplay, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as pivotal mediators, facilitating direct and indirect communication between tumors and CD8+ T cells. In this article, we provide an overview of how tumor-derived EVs directly regulate CD8+ T cell function by carrying bioactive molecules they carry internally and on their surface. Simultaneously, these EVs modulate the TME, indirectly influencing the efficiency of CD8+ T cell responses. Furthermore, EVs derived from CD8+ T cells exhibit a dual role: they promote tumor immune evasion while also enhancing antitumor activity. Finally, we briefly discuss current prevailing approaches that utilize functionalized EVs based on tumor-targeted therapy and tumor immunotherapy. These approaches aim to present novel perspectives for EV-based tumor treatment strategies, demonstrating potential for advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Huang
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xuehui Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghao Guo
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yihang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Linlin Shi
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qingjin Cai
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shupei Tang
- Department of Shigatse Branch, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shigatse, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ji Zheng
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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7
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Lehmann TP, Golik M, Olejnik J, Łukaszewska M, Markowska D, Drożdżyńska M, Kotecki A, Głowacki M, Jagodziński PP. Potential applications of using tissue-specific EVs in targeted therapy and vaccinology. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115308. [PMID: 37660644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cell types secrete spherical membrane bodies classified as extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs participate in intercellular communication and are present in body fluids, including blood, lymph, and cerebrospinal fluid. The time of EVs survival in the body varies depending on the body's localisation. Once the EVs reach cells, they trigger a cellular response. Three main modes of direct interaction of EVs with a target cell were described: receptor-ligand interaction mode, a direct fusion of EVs with the cellular membrane and EVs internalisation. Studies focused on the medical application of EVs. Medical application of EVs may require modification of their surface and interior. EVs surface was modified by affecting the parental cells or by the direct amendment of isolated EVs. The interior modification involved introducing materials into the cells or direct administrating isolated EVs. EVs carry proteins, lipids, fragments of DNA, mRNA, microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA. Because of EVs availability in liquid biopsy, they are potential diagnostic markers. Modified EVs could enhance the treatment of diseases such as colorectal cancer, Parkinson's disease, leukaemia or liver fibrosis. EVs have specific tissue tropisms, which makes them convenient organ-directed carriers of nucleic acids, drugs and vaccines. In conclusion, recently published works have shown that EVs could become biomarkers and modern vehicles of advanced drug forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz P Lehmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marta Golik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jolanta Olejnik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marianna Łukaszewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dominika Markowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Martyna Drożdżyńska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksander Kotecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Głowacki
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-545 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł P Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
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8
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Van Morckhoven D, Dubois N, Bron D, Meuleman N, Lagneaux L, Stamatopoulos B. Extracellular vesicles in hematological malignancies: EV-dence for reshaping the tumoral microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1265969. [PMID: 37822925 PMCID: PMC10562589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1265969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Following their discovery at the end of the 20th century, extracellular vesicles (EVs) ranging from 50-1,000 nm have proven to be paramount in the progression of many cancers, including hematological malignancies. EVs are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures that include small EVs (commonly called exosomes) and large EVs (microparticles). They have been demonstrated to participate in multiple physiological and pathological processes by allowing exchange of biological material (including among others proteins, DNA and RNA) between cells. They are therefore a crucial way of intercellular communication. In this context, malignant cells can release these extracellular vesicles that can influence their microenvironment, induce the formation of a tumorigenic niche, and prepare and establish distant niches facilitating metastasis by significantly impacting the phenotypes of surrounding cells and turning them toward supportive roles. In addition, EVs are also able to manipulate the immune response and to establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment. This in turn allows for ideal conditions for heightened chemoresistance and increased disease burden. Here, we review the latest findings and reports studying the effects and therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles in various hematological malignancies. The study of extracellular vesicles remains in its infancy; however, rapid advances in the analysis of these vesicles in the context of disease allow us to envision prospects to improve the detection and treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Van Morckhoven
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathan Dubois
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bron
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Departement of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Meuleman
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Departement of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Basile Stamatopoulos
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Becker MW, Peters LD, Myint T, Smurlick D, Powell A, Brusko TM, Phelps EA. Immune engineered extracellular vesicles to modulate T cell activation in the context of type 1 diabetes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg1082. [PMID: 37267353 PMCID: PMC10765990 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can affect immune responses through antigen presentation and costimulation or coinhibition. We generated designer EVs to modulate T cells in the context of type 1 diabetes, a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, by engineering a lymphoblast cell line, K562, to express HLA-A*02 (HLA-A2) alongside costimulatory CD80 and/or coinhibitory programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). EVs presenting HLA-A2 and CD80 activated CD8+ T cells in a dose, antigen, and HLA-specific manner. Adding PD-L1 to these EVs produced an immunoregulatory response, reducing CD8+ T cell activation and cytotoxicity in vitro. EVs alone could not stimulate T cells without antigen-presenting cells. EVs lacking CD80 were ineffective at modulating CD8+ T cell activation, suggesting that both peptide-HLA complex and costimulation are required for EV-mediated immune modulation. These results provide mechanistic insight into the rational design of EVs as a cell-free approach to immunotherapy that can be tailored to promote inflammatory or tolerogenic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Becker
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Leeana D. Peters
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thinzar Myint
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dylan Smurlick
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Andrece Powell
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Todd M. Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Edward A. Phelps
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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10
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Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Immunoediting and Their Potential as Oncoimmunotherapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010082. [PMID: 36612080 PMCID: PMC9817790 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) within and around a tumor is a complex interacting mixture of tumor cells with various stromal cells, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells. In the early steps of tumor formation, the local microenvironment tends to oppose carcinogenesis, while with cancer progression, the microenvironment skews into a protumoral TME and the tumor influences stromal cells to provide tumor-supporting functions. The creation and development of cancer are dependent on escape from immune recognition predominantly by influencing stromal cells, particularly immune cells, to suppress antitumor immunity. This overall process is generally called immunoediting and has been categorized into three phases; elimination, equilibrium, and escape. Interaction of tumor cells with stromal cells in the TME is mediated generally by cell-to-cell contact, cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). The least well studied are EVs (especially exosomes), which are nanoparticle-sized bilayer membrane vesicles released by many cell types that participate in cell/cell communication. EVs carry various proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and small molecules that influence cells that ingest the EVs. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) play a significant role in every stage of immunoediting, and their cargoes change from immune-activating in the early stages of immunoediting into immunosuppressing in the escape phase. In addition, their cargos change with different treatments or stress conditions and can be influenced to be more immune stimulatory against cancer. This review focuses on the emerging understanding of how TEVs affect the differentiation and effector functions of stromal cells and their role in immunoediting, from the early stages of immunoediting to immune escape. Consideration of how TEVs can be therapeutically utilized includes different treatments that can modify TEV to support cancer immunotherapy.
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11
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Li J, Huang F, Jiang Y, Zhao J, Wan J, Hao S. A novel costimulatory molecule gene-modified leukemia cell-derived exosome-targeted CD4 + T cell vaccine efficiently enhances anti-leukemia immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1043484. [PMID: 36466863 PMCID: PMC9709463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1043484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that CD4+ T cells can uptake tumor antigen-pulsed dendritic cell-derived exosomes (DEXO), which harbor tumor antigen peptide/pMHC I complex and costimulatory molecules and show potent effects on inducing antitumor immunity. However, in preliminary study, CD4+ T cells targeted by leukemia cell-derived exosomes (LEXs) did not show the expected effects in inducing effective anti-leukemia immunity, indicating that LEX is poorly immunogenetic largely due to an inadequate costimulatory capacity. Therefore, LEX-based anti-leukemia vaccines need to be optimized. In this study, we constructed a novel LEX-based vaccine by combining CD4+ T cells with costimulatory molecules gene-modified LEXs, which harbor upregulated CD80 and CD86, and the anti-leukemia immunity of CD80 and CD86 gene-modified LEX-targeted CD4+ T cells was investigated. We used lentiviral vectors encoding CD80 and CD86 to successfully transduced the L1210 leukemia cells, and the expression of CD80 and CD86 was remarkably upregulated in leukemia cells. The LEXs highly expressing CD80 and CD86 were obtained from the supernatants of gene-transduced leukemia cells. Our data have shown that LEX-CD8086 could promote CD4+ T cell proliferation and Th1 cytokine secretion more efficiently than control LEXs. Moreover, CD4+ TLEX-CD8086 expressed the acquired exosomal costimulatory molecules. With acquired costimulatory molecules, CD4+ TLEX-CD8086 can act as APCs and are capable of directly stimulating the leukemia cell antigen-specific CD8+ CTL response. This response was higher in potency compared to that noted by the other formulations. Furthermore, the animal study revealed that the CD4+ TLEX-CD8086 significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice than other formulations did in both protective and therapeutic models. In conclusion, this study revealed that CD4+ TLEX-CD8086 could effectively induce more potential anti-leukemia immunity than LEX-CD8086 alone, suggesting that the utilization of a costimulatory molecule gene-modified leukemia cell-derived exosome-targeted CD4+ T cell vaccine may have promising potential for leukemia immunotherapy.
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12
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Liu Z, Li H, Dang Q, Weng S, Duo M, Lv J, Han X. Integrative insights and clinical applications of single-cell sequencing in cancer immunotherapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:577. [DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04608-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Enhancing the anti-leukemia immunity of acute lymphocytic leukemia-derived exosome-based vaccine by downregulation of PD-L1 expression. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2197-2212. [DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Exosomes for Regulation of Immune Responses and Immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF NANOTHERANOSTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jnt3010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-enveloped nanosized (30–150 nm) extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin produced by almost all cell types and encompass a multitude of functioning biomolecules. Exosomes have been considered crucial players of cell-to-cell communication in physiological and pathological conditions. Accumulating evidence suggests that exosomes can modulate the immune system by delivering a plethora of signals that can either stimulate or suppress immune responses, which have potential applications as immunotherapies for cancer and autoimmune diseases. Here, we discuss the current knowledge about the active biomolecular components of exosomes that contribute to exosomal function in modulating different immune cells and also how these immune cell-derived exosomes play critical roles in immune responses. We further discuss the translational potential of engineered exosomes as immunotherapeutic agents with their advantages over conventional nanocarriers for drug delivery and ongoing clinical trials.
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15
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Pesce E, Manfrini N, Cordiglieri C, Santi S, Bandera A, Gobbini A, Gruarin P, Favalli A, Bombaci M, Cuomo A, Collino F, Cricrì G, Ungaro R, Lombardi A, Mangioni D, Muscatello A, Aliberti S, Blasi F, Gori A, Abrignani S, De Francesco R, Biffo S, Grifantini R. Exosomes Recovered From the Plasma of COVID-19 Patients Expose SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Derived Fragments and Contribute to the Adaptive Immune Response. Front Immunol 2022; 12:785941. [PMID: 35111156 PMCID: PMC8801440 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.785941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by beta-coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has rapidly spread across the globe starting from February 2020. It is well established that during viral infection, extracellular vesicles become delivery/presenting vectors of viral material. However, studies regarding extracellular vesicle function in COVID-19 pathology are still scanty. Here, we performed a comparative study on exosomes recovered from the plasma of either MILD or SEVERE COVID-19 patients. We show that although both types of vesicles efficiently display SARS-CoV-2 spike-derived peptides and carry immunomodulatory molecules, only those of MILD patients are capable of efficiently regulating antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell responses. Accordingly, by mass spectrometry, we show that the proteome of exosomes of MILD patients correlates with a proper functioning of the immune system, while that of SEVERE patients is associated with increased and chronic inflammation. Overall, we show that exosomes recovered from the plasma of COVID-19 patients possess SARS-CoV-2-derived protein material, have an active role in enhancing the immune response, and possess a cargo that reflects the pathological state of patients in the acute phase of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pesce
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM), Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Manfrini
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM), Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Cordiglieri
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM), Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
| | - Spartaco Santi
- Unit of Bologna, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Bologna, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bandera
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gobbini
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM), Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Gruarin
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM), Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Favalli
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM), Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Bombaci
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM), Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cuomo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), European Institute of Oncology Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Collino
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Paediatric Nephro-Urology, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Cricrì
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Paediatric Nephro-Urology, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ungaro
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Lombardi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Mangioni
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Muscatello
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM), Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Francesco
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM), Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Biffo
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM), Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Renata Grifantini
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM), Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
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16
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Zhao C, Lv H, Tao S, Zhang T, Xu N, Zhu L. Exosomes: Promising nanocarrier for cancer therapy. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chen‐Chen Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Health Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei Province China
| | - Hui‐Zhong Lv
- College of Life Sciences and Health Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei Province China
| | - Su‐Wan Tao
- College of Life Sciences and Health Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei Province China
| | - Tong‐Cun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Health Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei Province China
| | - Na Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Health Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei Province China
| | - Lian Zhu
- College of Life Sciences and Health Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei Province China
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan Hubei China
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17
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The Immunomodulation Potential of Exosomes in Tumor Microenvironment. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:3710372. [PMID: 34616851 PMCID: PMC8490057 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3710372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are lipid bilayer particles that originated from almost all types of cells and play an important role in intercellular communication. Tumor-derived exosomes contain large amounts of noncoding RNA, DNA, and proteins, which can be transferred into recipient cells as functional components in exosomes. These exosomal functional constituents depend on the originating cells, and it has been proved that types and numbers of exosomal components differ in cancer patients and healthy individuals. This review summarizes the role of tumor-derived exosomes in immunomodulation and discusses the application of exosomes in immunotherapy in cancers. Overall, exosomes isolated from cancer cells are turned out to promote immune evasion and interfere with immune responses in tumors through inducing apoptosis of CD8+ T cells, facilitating generation of Tregs, suppressing natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, inhibiting maturation and differentiation of monocyte, and enhancing suppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Mechanistically, exosomal functional components play a significant role in the immunomodulation in cancers. Moreover, based on the existing studies, exosomes could potentially serve as therapeutic delivery vehicles, noninvasive biomarkers, and immunotherapeutic vaccines for various types of cancers.
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18
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Awadasseid A, Wu Y, Zhang W. Extracellular Vesicles (Exosomes) as Immunosuppressive Mediating Variables in Tumor and Chronic Inflammatory Microenvironments. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102533. [PMID: 34685513 PMCID: PMC8533882 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released by most of the eukaryotic cells. Exosomes’ components include proteins, lipids, microRNA, circular RNA, long noncoding RNA, DNA, etc. Exosomes may carry both pro and anti-inflammatory cargos; however, exosomes are predominantly filled with immunosuppressive cargos such as enzymes and microRNAs in chronic inflammation. Exosomes have surfaced as essential participants in physiological and pathological intercellular communication. Exosomes may prevent or promote the formation of an aggressive tumor and chronic inflammatory microenvironments, thus influencing tumor and chronic inflammatory progression as well as clinical prognosis. Exosomes, which transmit many signals that may either enhance or constrain immunosuppression of lymphoid and myeloid cell populations in tumors, are increasingly becoming recognized as significant mediators of immune regulation in cancer. In this review, we outline the function of exosomes as mediators of immunosuppression in tumor and chronic inflammatory microenvironments, with the aim to improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annoor Awadasseid
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
- Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Food Sciences, University of Kordofan, El-Obeid 51111, Sudan
| | - Yanling Wu
- Lab of Molecular Immunology, Virus Inspection Department, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +86-571-8711-5282 (Y.W.); +86-571-8887-1507 (W.Z.)
| | - Wen Zhang
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
- Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +86-571-8711-5282 (Y.W.); +86-571-8887-1507 (W.Z.)
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19
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New insights into exosome mediated tumor-immune escape: Clinical perspectives and therapeutic strategies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188624. [PMID: 34487817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in extracellular vesicle biology have uncovered a substantial role in maintaining cell homeostasis in health and disease conditions by mediating intercellular communication, thus catching the scientific community's attention worldwide. Extracellular microvesicles, some called exosomes, functionally transfer biomolecules such as proteins and non-coding RNAs from one cell to another, influencing the local environment's biology. Although numerous advancements have been made in treating cancer patients with immune therapy, controlling the disease remains a challenge in the clinic due to tumor-driven interference with the immune response and inability of immune cells to clear cancer cells from the body. The present review article discusses the recent findings and knowledge gaps related to the role of exosomes derived from tumors and the tumor microenvironment cells in tumor escape from immunosurveillance. Further, we highlight examples where exosomal non-coding RNAs influence immune cells' response within the tumor microenvironment and favor tumor growth and progression. Therefore, exosomes can be used as a therapeutic target for the treatment of human cancers.
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20
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Jan AT, Rahman S, Badierah R, Lee EJ, Mattar EH, Redwan EM, Choi I. Expedition into Exosome Biology: A Perspective of Progress from Discovery to Therapeutic Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1157. [PMID: 33800282 PMCID: PMC7962655 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-enclosed distinct cellular entities of endocytic origin that shuttle proteins and RNA molecules intercellularly for communication purposes. Their surface is embossed by a huge variety of proteins, some of which are used as diagnostic markers. Exosomes are being explored for potential drug delivery, although their therapeutic utilities are impeded by gaps in knowledge regarding their formation and function under physiological condition and by lack of methods capable of shedding light on intraluminal vesicle release at the target site. Nonetheless, exosomes offer a promising means of developing systems that enable the specific delivery of therapeutics in diseases like cancer. This review summarizes information on donor cell types, cargoes, cargo loading, routes of administration, and the engineering of exosomal surfaces for specific peptides that increase target specificity and as such, therapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India;
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, MS College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar 842001, India;
| | - Raied Badierah
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, and Laboratory University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.B.); (E.H.M.)
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Ehab H. Mattar
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, and Laboratory University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.B.); (E.H.M.)
| | - Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, and Laboratory University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.B.); (E.H.M.)
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
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21
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Kugeratski FG, McAndrews KM, Kalluri R. Multifunctional Applications of Engineered Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Cancer. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6067593. [PMID: 33411885 PMCID: PMC8502448 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key players of intercellular communication in the physiological and pathological setting. In cancer, EVs mediate complex signaling mechanisms between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME), and can influence tumor progression and the response to existing therapies. Importantly, EVs can be loaded with therapeutic agents and modified to display tumor-targeting molecules. In the field of nanomedicine, EVs have been engineered to serve as therapeutic delivery vehicles for several anticancer agents, including antibodies, chemotherapy, compounds, CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated endonuclease 9), and small interfering RNA (siRNA). Notably, the engineered EVs were shown to suppress malignant features of cancer cells, to elicit antitumor immunity, and to decrease tumor angiogenesis. Here, we review the EV-based therapies designed to target cancer cells and to educate components of the TME to drive antitumor responses. These studies illustrate the multifunctional applications of EVs in the development of anticancer therapies and their translational potential for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda G Kugeratski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kathleen M McAndrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Correspondence: Raghu Kalluri, MD, PhD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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22
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Kugeratski FG, Kalluri R. Exosomes as mediators of immune regulation and immunotherapy in cancer. FEBS J 2020; 288:10-35. [PMID: 32910536 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin that enclose a multitude of functional biomolecules. Exosomes have emerged as key players of intercellular communication in physiological and pathological conditions. In cancer, depending on the context, exosomes can oppose or potentiate the development of an aggressive tumor microenvironment, thereby impacting tumor progression and clinical outcome. Increasing evidence has established exosomes as important mediators of immune regulation in cancer, as they deliver a plethora of signals that can either support or restrain immunosuppression of lymphoid and myeloid cell populations in tumors. Here, we review the current knowledge related to exosome-mediated regulation of lymphoid (T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and NK cells) and myeloid (macrophages, dendritic cells, monocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and neutrophils) cell populations in cancer. We also discuss the translational potential of engineered exosomes as immunomodulatory agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda G Kugeratski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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