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Consoli V, Sorrenti V, Gulisano M, Spampinato M, Vanella L. Navigating heme pathways: the breach of heme oxygenase and hemin in breast cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05119-5. [PMID: 39287890 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with diverse subtypes and complex molecular mechanisms underlying its development and progression. This review comprehensively examines recent advances in breast cancer research, with a focus on classification, molecular pathways, and the role of heme oxygenases (HO), heme metabolism implications, and therapeutic innovations. The classification of breast cancer subtypes based on molecular profiling has significantly improved diagnosis and treatment strategies, allowing for tailored approaches to patient care. Molecular studies have elucidated key signaling pathways and biomarkers implicated in breast cancer pathogenesis, shedding light on potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Notably, emerging evidence suggests a critical role for heme oxygenases, particularly HO-1, in breast cancer progression and therapeutic resistance, highlighting the importance of understanding heme metabolism in cancer biology. Furthermore, this review highlights recent advances in breast cancer therapy, including targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and novel drug delivery systems. Understanding the complex interplay between breast cancer subtypes, molecular pathways, and innovative therapeutic approaches is essential for improving patient outcomes and developing more effective treatment strategies in the fight against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Consoli
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
- CERNUT - Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Sorrenti
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
- CERNUT - Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Gulisano
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Mariarita Spampinato
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy.
- CERNUT - Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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Zeidan RS, Yoon HS, Yang JJ, Sobh A, Braithwaite D, Mankowski R, Leeuwenburgh C, Anton S. Iron and cancer: overview of the evidence from population-based studies. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1393195. [PMID: 39246326 PMCID: PMC11377248 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1393195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient required for various physiological processes in the body. However, iron imbalance can potentially contribute to initiating and promoting cancer development. Epidemiological studies have investigated the relationship between dietary iron intake and the risk of different types of cancer, yet, not all studies have consistently shown a significant association between dietary iron and cancer risk. Also, studies have shown different effects of dietary heme and non-heme iron intake on cancer risk. While some epidemiological studies suggest a possible link between high dietary iron (mainly heme-iron) intake and increased cancer risk, the evidence remains inconsistent. Moreover, multiple iron biomarkers, which can mirror physiological iron status, have demonstrated varied correlations with the risk of cancer, contingent upon the specific biomarker analyzed and the type of cancer being investigated. Here, we have investigated the current evidence on the potential relationship between dietary iron intake on one hand, and iron biomarkers on the other hand, with the risk of developing different types of cancer, including breast, prostate, lung, pancreatic, colon, colorectal, and liver cancers. Further research is warranted to better understand the complex relationship between dietary iron, physiological iron and cancer development. Future research should account for factors that affect and interact with dietary iron and physiological iron levels, such as genetic susceptibility, overall diet quality, and lifestyle habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola S Zeidan
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Hyung-Suk Yoon
- Cancer Control and Population Science Division, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jae Jeong Yang
- Cancer Control and Population Science Division, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Amin Sobh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Dejana Braithwaite
- Cancer Control and Population Science Division, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Robert Mankowski
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Christian Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Stephen Anton
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Yang Y, Fan H, Guo Z. Modulation of Metal Homeostasis for Cancer Therapy. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300624. [PMID: 38315756 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Metal ions such as iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and calcium are essential for normal cellular processes, including DNA synthesis, enzyme activity, cellular signaling, and oxidative stress regulation. When the balance of metal homeostasis is disrupted, it can lead to various pathological conditions, including cancer. Thus, understanding the role of metal homeostasis in cancer has led to the development of anti-tumor strategies that specifically target the metal imbalance. Up to now, diverse small molecule-based chelators, ionophores, metal complexes, and metal-based nanomaterials have been developed to restore the normal balance of metals or exploit the dysregulation for therapeutic purposes. They hold great promise in inhibiting tumor growth, preventing metastasis, and enhancing the effectiveness of existing cancer therapies. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of the strategies employed to modulate the homeostasis of iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and calcium for cancer therapy. Their modulation mechanisms for metal homeostasis are succinctly described, and their recent applications in the field of cancer therapy are discussed. At the end, the limitations of these approaches are addressed, and potential avenues for future developments are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Ra H, Jeong S, Lee H, Chung JW, Kim KO, Lee WS, Kim J, Kwon KA, Kim JH. Clinicopathological Differences between Right and Left Colorectal Cancer by Sex. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2810. [PMID: 38792352 PMCID: PMC11122515 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Until now, studies on colorectal cancer (CRC) have focused on clinicopathological characteristics based on location without considering sex differences. However, as men and women have fundamentally different physiological characteristics, research results in the clinical field are limited. We aimed to elucidate the differences in the clinicopathological characteristics between right-sided CRC (RCC) and left-sided CRC (LCC) according to sex. Methods: We classified 1492 South Korean patients with no history of colon surgery between July 2005 and June 2015 based on tumor location and sex. For these patients, differences in the clinical characteristics according to sex were compared using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Of the 1269 patients, 951 (74.9%) had LCC, and 318 (25.1%) had RCC, making LCC approximately three times more common than RCC. When sex was not taken into account, patients with RCC had significantly higher rates of anemia and undifferentiated cancers than the rates in those with LCC. Even considering sex, anemia and undifferentiated cancer were more prevalent in RCC than in LCC in both men and women. In contrast, age over 65 years and abnormal white blood cell count differed between RCC and LCC only in women. Conclusions: The clinicopathologic characteristics of CRC vary according to the location and sex. Therefore, sex must be considered as a fundamental characteristic of personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea; (H.R.); (H.L.); (J.-W.C.); (K.O.K.); (K.A.K.)
| | - Soyeon Jeong
- Gachon Biomedical Convergence Institute, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea;
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Hannah Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea; (H.R.); (H.L.); (J.-W.C.); (K.O.K.); (K.A.K.)
| | - Jun-Won Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea; (H.R.); (H.L.); (J.-W.C.); (K.O.K.); (K.A.K.)
| | - Kyoung Oh Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea; (H.R.); (H.L.); (J.-W.C.); (K.O.K.); (K.A.K.)
| | - Won-Suk Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jisup Kim
- Department of Pathology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kwang An Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea; (H.R.); (H.L.); (J.-W.C.); (K.O.K.); (K.A.K.)
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea; (H.R.); (H.L.); (J.-W.C.); (K.O.K.); (K.A.K.)
- Gachon Biomedical Convergence Institute, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea;
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational-Clinical Medicine, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Liu B, Dou J, Cao J. Nuclear respiratory factor 1 regulates super enhancer-controlled SPIDR to protect hepatocellular carcinoma cells from oxidative stress. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:97. [PMID: 38438958 PMCID: PMC10913589 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular response to oxidative stress plays significant roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, yet the exact mechanism by which HCC cells respond to oxidative stress remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of super enhancer (SE)-controlled genes in oxidative stress response of HCC cells. METHODS The GSE112221 dataset was used to identify SEs by HOMER. Functional enrichment of SE-controlled genes was performed by Metascape. Transcription factors were predicted using HOMER. Prognosis analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter website. Expression correlation analysis was performed using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource web server. NRF1 and SPIDR expression in HCC and normal liver tissues was analyzed based on the TCGA-LIHC dataset. ChIP-qPCR was used to detect acetylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27ac) levels of SE regions of genes, and the binding of NRF1 to the SE of SPIDR. To mimic oxidative stress, HepG2 and Hep3B cells were stimulated with H2O2. The effects of NRF1 and SPIDR on the oxidative stress response of HCC cells were determined by the functional assays. RESULTS A total of 318 HCC-specific SE-controlled genes were identified. The functions of these genes was significant association with oxidative stress response. SPIDR and RHOB were enriched in the "response to oxidative stress" term and were chosen for validation. SE regions of SPIDR and RHOB exhibited strong H3K27ac modification, which was significantly inhibited by JQ1. JQ1 treatment suppressed the expression of SPIDR and RHOB, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in HCC cells. TEAD2, TEAD3, NRF1, HINFP and TCFL5 were identified as potential transcription factors for HCC-specific SE-controlled genes related to oxidative stress response. The five transcription factors were positively correlated with SPIDR expression, with the highest correlation coefficient for NRF1. NRF1 and SPIDR expression was up-regulated in HCC tissues and cells. NRF1 activated SPIDR transcription by binding to its SE. Silencing SPIDR or NRF1 significantly promoted ROS accumulation in HCC cells. Under oxidative stress, silencing SPIDR or NRF1 increased ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA) and γH2AX levels, and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and cell proliferation of HCC cells. Furthermore, overexpression of SPIDR partially offset the effects of NRF1 silencing on ROS, MDA, SOD, γH2AX levels and cell proliferation of HCC cells. CONCLUSION NRF1 driven SPIDR transcription by occupying its SE, protecting HCC cells from oxidative stress-induced damage. NRF1 and SPIDR are promising biomarkers for targeting oxidative stress in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jian Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Jinglin Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Li M, Ni QY, Yu SY. Integration of single-cell transcriptomics and epigenetic analysis reveals enhancer-controlled TIMP1 as a regulator of ferroptosis in colorectal cancer. Genes Genomics 2024; 46:121-133. [PMID: 38032469 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent non-apoptotic programmed cell death. However, the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of enhancer-controlled genes in ferroptosis in CRC. METHODS Dimensionality reduction and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identification were conducted using Seurat algorithm based on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from the GSE200997 dataset. Ferroptosis-related pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the FerrDb V2 database. Enhancers were identified using HOMER algorithm based on H3K27ac ChIP-seq data from the GSE166254 dataset. Kaplan-Meier Plotter online tool was used to analyze prognosis and gene expression correlation. Transcription factors were predicted using the transcription factor affinity prediction web tool. The binding of enhancer to transcription factor and H3K27ac enrichment were detected by ChIP-qPCR. RSL3 was used to induce ferroptosis in CRC cells. Gene transcription was detected by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK8 assay. RESULTS Nine cell clusters including T cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, mast cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, goblet cells, B cells and dendritic cells were identified in CRC and normal colonic tissue samples. Compared to normal colonic tissue-derived epithelial cells, 1075 DEGs were screened in CRC tissue-derived epithelial cells. Ferroptosis-related pathway enrichment suggested that DEGs were associated with the regulation of ferroptosis. DPEP1, ETV4, CEBPG, TIMP1, DUOX2 and LCN2 were identified as the significantly upregulated genes enriched in the "ferroptosis regulator" term, and their H3K27ac signals were significantly higher in CRC tissues than in normal colonic tissues. Of these, only the expression of TIMP1 predicted a poor prognosis of CRC patients. Transcription factor SPI1 drove TIMP1 transcription by binding to its enhancer. Overexpression of TIMP1 significantly promoted the resistance to ferroptosis induced by RSL3 in CRC cells, which was partially restored by SPI1 knockdown. CONCLUSION Transcription of TIMP1 was driven by transcription factor SPI1 in combination with its enhancer, consequently promoting CRC cells against ferroptosis. The SPI1/TIMP1 axis confers ferroptosis resistance in CRC, and thus has the potential to be the molecular targets for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Qian-Yang Ni
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Su-Yang Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China.
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Zheng X, Zhang C. The Regulation of Ferroptosis by Noncoding RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13336. [PMID: 37686142 PMCID: PMC10488123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As a novel form of regulated cell death, ferroptosis is characterized by intracellular iron and lipid peroxide accumulation, which is different from other regulated cell death forms morphologically, biochemically, and immunologically. Ferroptosis is regulated by iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant defense systems as well as various transcription factors and related signal pathways. Emerging evidence has highlighted that ferroptosis is associated with many physiological and pathological processes, including cancer, neurodegeneration diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Noncoding RNAs are a group of functional RNA molecules that are not translated into proteins, which can regulate gene expression in various manners. An increasing number of studies have shown that noncoding RNAs, especially miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, can interfere with the progression of ferroptosis by modulating ferroptosis-related genes or proteins directly or indirectly. In this review, we summarize the basic mechanisms and regulations of ferroptosis and focus on the recent studies on the mechanism for different types of ncRNAs to regulate ferroptosis in different physiological and pathological conditions, which will deepen our understanding of ferroptosis regulation by noncoding RNAs and provide new insights into employing noncoding RNAs in ferroptosis-associated therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cen Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China;
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