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Wilson NA, Villani A, Tan SY, Mantzioris E. UniStArt: A 12-Month Prospective Observational Study of Body Weight, Dietary Intake, and Physical Activity Levels in Australian First-Year University Students. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2241. [PMID: 36140342 PMCID: PMC9496163 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Students in the United States gain weight significantly during their first year of university, however limited data are available for Australian students. Methods: This 12-month observational study was conducted to monitor monthly body weight and composition, as well as quarterly eating behaviours, dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behaviours, and basal metabolic rate changes amongst first-year Australian university students. Participants were first-year university students over 18 years. Results: Twenty-two first-year university students (5 males and 17 females) completed the study. Female students gained weight significantly at two, three, and four-months (+0.9 kg; +1.5 kg; +1.1 kg, p < 0.05). Female waist circumference (2.5 cm increase at three-months, p = 0.012), and body fat also increased (+0.9%, p = 0.026 at three-months). Intakes of sugar, saturated fat (both >10% of total energy), and sodium exceeded recommended levels (>2000 mg) at 12-months. Greater sedentary behaviours were observed amongst male students throughout the study (p <0.05). Conclusions: Female students are at risk of unfavourable changes in body composition during the first year of university, while males are at risk of increased sedentary behaviours. High intakes of saturated fat, sugars, and sodium warrant future interventions in such a vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina A. Wilson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Anthony Villani
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Sze-Yen Tan
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Evangeline Mantzioris
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Nutrition, Exercise and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Urbanization and Unfavorable Changes in Metabolic Profiles: A Prospective Cohort Study of Indonesian Young Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163326. [PMID: 36014832 PMCID: PMC9414085 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The substantial increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases in Indonesia might be driven by rapid socio-economic development through urbanization. Here, we carried out a longitudinal 1-year follow-up study to evaluate the effect of urbanization, an important determinant of health, on metabolic profiles of young Indonesian adults. University freshmen/women in Jakarta, aged 16−25 years, who either had recently migrated from rural areas or originated from urban settings were studied. Anthropometry, dietary intake, and physical activity, as well as fasting blood glucose and insulin, leptin, and adiponectin were measured at baseline and repeated at one year follow-up. At baseline, 106 urban and 83 rural subjects were recruited, of which 81 urban and 66 rural were followed up. At baseline, rural subjects had better adiposity profiles, whole-body insulin resistance, and adipokine levels compared to their urban counterparts. After 1-year, rural subjects experienced an almost twice higher increase in BMI than urban subjects (estimate (95%CI): 1.23 (0.94; 1.52) and 0.69 (0.43; 0.95) for rural and urban subjects, respectively, Pint < 0.01). Fat intake served as the major dietary component, which partially mediates the differences in BMI between urban and rural group at baseline. It also contributed to the changes in BMI over time for both groups, although it does not explain the enhanced gain of BMI in rural subjects. A significantly higher increase of leptin/adiponectin ratio was also seen in rural subjects after 1-year of living in an urban area. In conclusion, urbanization was associated with less favorable changes in adiposity and adipokine profiles in a population of young Indonesian adults.
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Sharma T, Morassut RE, Langlois C, Meyre D. Body mass index trajectories and their predictors in undergraduate students from Canada: Results from the GENEiUS study. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35930409 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2103384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the patterns and predictors of body mass index (BMI) change among undergraduate students from Ontario (Canada). Participants: 68 undergraduate students were followed longitudinally for 3 years with anthropometric data collected bi-annually. Methods: BMI measurements were plotted to generate individual BMI trajectory curves, which were categorized, based on the observed trajectory pattern. Within and between group comparisons of BMI were conducted via nonparametric paired tests. The association of baseline BMI, sex, and ethnicity with BMI trajectory type was assessed using multinomial logistic regression. Results: Four BMI trajectory types were observed: "stable weight" (n = 15, 22.1%), "weight gain" (n = 30, 44.1%), "weight loss" (n = 12, 17.6%), and "weight cycling" (n = 11, 16.2%) trajectories. Higher baseline BMI was significantly associated with the "weight gain," "weight loss," and the "weight cycling" trajectories as compared to the "stable weight" trajectory type. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate an association between high baseline BMI and "nonstable" subsequent BMI change patterns among Canadian students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Sharma
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Rita E Morassut
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Christine Langlois
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Nutrition, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
- Faculty of Medicine of Nancy INSERM UMR_S 1256, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
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On-campus food environment, purchase behaviours, preferences and opinions in a Norwegian university community. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:1619-1630. [PMID: 34176546 PMCID: PMC9991706 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002100272x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the food environment at OsloMet, through the nutritional profile and processing level of available commercial foods and drinks, as well as to determine food-purchasing behaviours, preferences and opinions on the food environment, in order to identify whether interventions on campus need to be conducted. DESIGN Cross-sectional descriptive study. SETTING Pilestredet and Kjeller campus of OsloMet (Norway). PARTICIPANTS To analyse the nutritional profile of products offered at all food outlets (seven canteens, three coffee shops and two vending machines) at the main campuses three criteria were applied: those proposed by the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition, the UK nutrient profiling model and those of the Food and Drink Industry Professional Practices Committee Norway. In addition, products were classified by processing level, using the NOVA system. Food purchasing, food choice behaviours and opinions were analysed through a survey online, in which 129 subjects participated. RESULTS With regard to the first of the objectives, the combination of the above-mentioned criteria showed that 39·8 % of the products were 'unhealthy' and 85·9 % were 'ultra-processed'. Regarding the second objective, the most important determinants of food choice were taste, convenience, and cost and nutrition/health value. The most common improvements suggested were lowering the cost, improving the allergen information on labelling and increasing the variety of fresh and healthy foods. CONCLUSIONS A high proportion of the products offered were considered 'unhealthy' and highly processed. Interventions that improve food prices, availability and information on labelling would be well-received in this community.
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SAYYAH M, VAKILI Z, EHTRAM H. Effect of 8 weeks of interval aerobic exercise on body fat percentage and lipid profile of overweight male college students. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2021. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.20.04395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wilson OWA, Galascio MM, Bopp M. Freshmen weight and body composition change determinants: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:298-307. [PMID: 31589100 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1665053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Scoping review of freshmen weight and body composition change determinants in order to inform practice, policymaking, and research that improve health and well-being. Methods: A systematic search of the literature identified potential sources. Duplicates were removed before a title and abstract review. A full-text review was then conducted on the remaining sources. Retained sources were then reviewed systematically before synthesis. Results: Eighty-five sources were synthesized. Variation in study design, measurement, reporting, and analyses of determinants, in particular dietary characteristics and physical activity, complicate comparisons. Dietary characteristics and physical activity appear to influence freshmen weight and body composition changes, while evidence indicates alcohol consumption is associated with deleterious weight and body composition changes. Conclusions: Design, measurement, analyses, and reporting can be improved considerably to better examine relationship between body composition changes and determinants in order to provide insight into, and inform, interventions and policies to benefit students' health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W A Wilson
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Madison M Galascio
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Melissa Bopp
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Li Y, Cai T, Wang H, Guo G. Achieved educational attainment, inherited genetic endowment for education, and obesity. BIODEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 2021; 66:132-144. [PMID: 34182851 PMCID: PMC8607810 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2020.1869919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates two sources of education effects on obesity - achieved educational attainment and inherited genetic endowment for education. In doing so, we accomplish two goals. First, we assess the role of genetic confounding in the association between education and health. Second, we consider the heterogeneity in the extent to which genetic potential for education is realized, and we examine its impact on obesity. Data come from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Using a polygenic score approach, we find that, net of genetic confounding, holding a college degree is associated with a lower likelihood of obesity. Moreover, among individuals who hold a college degree, those with a high education polygenic score (a greater genetic propensity to succeed in education) are less likely to be obese than those with a relatively low education polygenic score. However, when individuals with a high education polygenic score do not have a college degree, their risk of obesity is similar to that of non-college-educated individuals with a low education polygenic score, suggesting that the effect of genetic endowment for education on obesity is conditional on college education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Sociology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Tianji Cai
- Department of Sociology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Sociology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Guang Guo
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
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Sharma T, Morassut RE, Langlois C, Meyre D. Effect of sex/gender on obesity traits in Canadian first year university students: The GENEiUS study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247113. [PMID: 33592058 PMCID: PMC7886219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While weight gain during first year of university has been well documented in North America, literature on sex-specific effects is scarce and inconsistent. The objective of this investigation was to explore sex-specific changes in obesity traits during first year of university at McMaster University (Ontario, Canada). METHODS 245 first-year students (80.4% females) were followed longitudinally with data collected early in the academic year and towards the end of the year. Obesity parameters including weight, waist and hip circumferences, BMI, and waist to hip ratio were investigated. The Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for pairwise comparison of traits in the absence of adjustments. Additionally, the repeated-measures ANOVA test was used with covariate adjustments to investigate the interaction between sex and time. RESULTS Overall sample trends indicated a significant increase in mean weight by 1.55 kg (95% CI: 1.24-1.86) over the school year (p<0.001). This was accompanied by significant gains in BMI, and waist and hip circumferences (p<0.001) in the overall sample. At baseline, males presented with higher body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, and WHR, as compared to their females counterparts (p<0.01). Additionally, sex-stratified analysis indicated significant gains in weight, BMI, and waist and hip circumferences in both males and females (p<0.01). However, a comparison of the magnitude of change over time between the two sex groups revealed no significant difference for any of the investigated traits (p>0.05). CONCLUSION While our study confirms significant weight gain in both male and female first year university students in Ontario, Canada, it does not show sex specific differences within this context. Our investigation highlights the importance of accounting for sex and gender in health research and supports the need of further studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Sharma
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Rita E. Morassut
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Christine Langlois
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Sharma T, Manoharan B, Langlois C, Morassut RE, Meyre D. The effect of race/ethnicity on obesity traits in first year university students from Canada: The GENEiUS study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242714. [PMID: 33237969 PMCID: PMC7688123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the impact of race/ethnicity on weight change at university. The objective of this study is to determine if ethnicity has an impact on obesity traits in a multiethnic cohort of first-year students at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada. Methods 183 first year students from the three most represented ethnic groups (South Asian, East Asian, and white-Caucasian) in our study sample were followed longitudinally with data collected early in the academic year and towards the end of the year. Obesity parameters including body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, and waist hip ratio (WHR) were analyzed. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for pairwise comparison of traits from the beginning to the end of the year in the absence of adjustments. Linear regression was used with covariate adjustments to investigate the effect of ethnicity on obesity traits. Results A significant increase in weight by 1.49 kg (95%CI: 1.13–1.85) was observed over the academic year in the overall analyzed sample. This was accompanied by significant gains in BMI, waist and hip circumferences, and WHR. Ethnicity stratified analysis indicated significant increase in all investigated obesity traits in East Asians and all traits, but WHR, in South Asians. White-Caucasians only displayed significant increases in weight and BMI. Body weight and hip circumference were significantly lower in East Asians compared to white-Caucasians at baseline. However, East Asians displayed a significantly larger increase in mean BMI and weight compared to white-Caucasians after first-year. South Asians displayed larger waist circumference at baseline compared to East Asians and larger WHR compared to white-Caucasians. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that ethnicity has an impact on obesity traits in first-year university students. Universities should take ethnicity into account while implementing effective obesity prevention programs to promote healthy and active lifestyles for students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Sharma
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Baanu Manoharan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Christine Langlois
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Rita E. Morassut
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Effect of living arrangement on anthropometric traits in first-year university students from Canada: The GENEiUS study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241744. [PMID: 33156864 PMCID: PMC7647062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transition to university often involves a change in living arrangement for many first-year students. While weight gain during first year of university has been well documented, Canadian literature on the impact of living arrangement within this context is limited. The objective of this investigation was to explore the effect of living arrangement on anthropometric traits in first-year university students from Ontario, Canada. Methods 244 first-year undergraduate students were followed longitudinally with data collected early in the academic year and towards the end of the year. Anthropometric parameters including weight, waist and hip circumference, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were examined. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for pairwise comparison of traits from the beginning to end the year in the absence of adjustments. Additionally, linear regression models with covariate adjustments were used to investigate effect of the type of living arrangement (i.e. on-campus, off-campus, or family home) on the aforementioned traits. Results In the overall sample, a significant weight increase of 1.55kg (95% CI: 1.24–1.86) was observed over the school year (p<0.001), which was also accompanied by significant gains in BMI, and waist and hip circumferences (p<0.001). At baseline, no significant differences were found between people living on-campus, off-campus, and at home with family. Stratified analysis of change by type of living arrangement indicated significant gains across all traits among students living on-campus (p<0.05), and significant gains in weight and BMI among students living at home with family. Additionally, a comparison between living arrangements revealed that students living on campus experienced significantly larger gains in weight and BMI compared to students living off-campus (p<0.05). Conclusion Our findings indicate that living arrangement is associated with different weight gain trajectories in first-year university students.
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Smith L, Disler R, Watson K. Physical activity and dietary habits of first year nursing students: An Australian dual-method study. Collegian 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Morassut RE, Tian C, Meyre D. Identifying factors associated with obesity traits in undergraduate students: a scoping review. Int J Public Health 2020; 65:1193-1204. [PMID: 32889552 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-020-01458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This scoping review identifies factors associated with obesity traits including body mass index, weight, and body fat percentage in undergraduate students. METHODS We searched CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO for original studies of undergraduate students where an obesity trait was associated with a risk factor. RESULTS Two-hundred sixty-eight articles were included comprising of 251 studies: 186 cross-sectional, 50 cohort, 11 interventional, and 4 qualitative. We extracted data on risk/protective factors, obesity traits, and the direction of effect between them. We identified a variety of factors including age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, religion, diet, eating habits, physical activity, sedentary activity, sleep, stress, university campus life, alcohol use, smoking, psychiatric disorders, body image, eating attitude, eating regulation, personality, sociocultural influences, and genetics. The majority of associations were cross-sectional. For longitudinal findings, usually only one study investigated each trait. CONCLUSIONS This review identifies a need for higher quality evidence to support results from cross-sectional studies and replication of findings of longitudinal studies. This review identifies gaps in the literature, generates hypotheses, guides researchers to plan future studies, and helps decision-makers design obesity-prevention programs in universities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita E Morassut
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chenchen Tian
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Martin-Conty JL, Martin-Rodríguez F, Criado-Álvarez JJ, Castillo-Sarmiento CA, Maestre-Miquel C, Mohedano-Moriano A, Polonio-López B, Durantez-Fernández C, Castro-Villamor MÁ, Viñuela A. How Health Habits Influence the Physiological Response During a Physical Activity in Extreme Temperatures? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176374. [PMID: 32882968 PMCID: PMC7503269 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: The purpose of the study was to determine to what degree the health habits of university students influence their physiological response during a 10-min high-intensity exercise. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional cohort study with 59 health science students, in which we analyzed their adherence to a Mediterranean and low-fat diet, as well as their activity levels. We correlated these factors with the physiological response (lactic acid and heart rate) and a series of anthropometric parameters in intense physical activity (cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for 10 min) in three scenarios: extreme cold, extreme heat and a control situation at room temperature. Results: The results of this study demonstrate that in university students, a greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a better response to physical exercise, in this case, 10-min CPR, in hostile environments. Conclusions: Following healthy eating guidelines improves physical performance and delays the appearance of fatigue; both are important aspects for a better performance of CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Martin-Conty
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain; (J.L.M.-C.); (J.J.C.-Á.); (A.M.-M.); (B.P.-L.); (C.D.-F.); (A.V.)
| | - Francisco Martin-Rodríguez
- Advanced Clinical Simulation Center, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.Á.C.-V.)
| | - Juan José Criado-Álvarez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain; (J.L.M.-C.); (J.J.C.-Á.); (A.M.-M.); (B.P.-L.); (C.D.-F.); (A.V.)
- Integrated Care Management of Talavera de la Reina, Health Services of Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | | | - Clara Maestre-Miquel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain; (J.L.M.-C.); (J.J.C.-Á.); (A.M.-M.); (B.P.-L.); (C.D.-F.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-619653361
| | - Alicia Mohedano-Moriano
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain; (J.L.M.-C.); (J.J.C.-Á.); (A.M.-M.); (B.P.-L.); (C.D.-F.); (A.V.)
| | - Begoña Polonio-López
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain; (J.L.M.-C.); (J.J.C.-Á.); (A.M.-M.); (B.P.-L.); (C.D.-F.); (A.V.)
| | - Carlos Durantez-Fernández
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain; (J.L.M.-C.); (J.J.C.-Á.); (A.M.-M.); (B.P.-L.); (C.D.-F.); (A.V.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Castro-Villamor
- Advanced Clinical Simulation Center, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.Á.C.-V.)
| | - Antonio Viñuela
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain; (J.L.M.-C.); (J.J.C.-Á.); (A.M.-M.); (B.P.-L.); (C.D.-F.); (A.V.)
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Winpenny EM, Smith M, Penney T, Foubister C, Guagliano JM, Love R, Clifford Astbury C, van Sluijs EMF, Corder K. Changes in physical activity, diet, and body weight across the education and employment transitions of early adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12962. [PMID: 31955496 PMCID: PMC7079102 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Early adulthood is a time when individuals go through important life transitions, such as moving from high school into higher education or employment, but the impact of these life transitions on changes in body weight, diet, and physical activity is not known. We searched six electronic databases to July 2019 for longitudinal observational studies providing data on adiposity, diet, and/or physical activity across education or employment transitions in young people aged between 15 and 35 years. We found 19 studies, of which 17 assessed changes in physical activity, three body weight, and five diet or eating behaviours. Meta-analysis (n=9) found that leaving high school was associated with a decrease of -7.04 (95% CI, -11.26, -2.82) min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Three studies reported increases in body weight on leaving high school. A small number of studies suggested decreases in diet quality on leaving high school (n=2/4 papers) and leaving university (n=1) but not on starting employment (n=1). Studies suggested no change in physical activity on leaving university (n=4) but decreases in physical activity on starting employment (n=2/3). The transition of leaving high school is an important time to support individuals to prevent decreases in physical activity and gains in body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M Winpenny
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) at the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miranda Smith
- Newnham College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tarra Penney
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) at the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Campbell Foubister
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) at the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Justin M Guagliano
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) at the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca Love
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) at the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chloe Clifford Astbury
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) at the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Esther M F van Sluijs
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) at the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kirsten Corder
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) at the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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15
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Fazzino TL, Serwatka C, Schneider H, Sullivan D. A systematic review of the methodology used to study weight change among young adults attending college. Eat Behav 2019; 35:101333. [PMID: 31491664 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2019.101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Young adulthood is a sensitive developmental period that is high-risk for weight gain. Ample research has focused on weight gain among college students; however meta-analyses report <2 kg pooled estimates of weight gain, which is in the range of normal weight fluctuation, and there is disagreement in the literature regarding common predictors of weight gain. These limitations pose a major barrier to targeted obesity prevention efforts. The present study reviewed the literature assessing college weight gain with a focus on three methodological factors that could contribute to variability in the literature: 1) use of an evidence-supported definition of weight gain (>2 kg or ≥3%); 2) weight measurement protocols; and 3) including weight/BMI in analyses of predictors of weight change. METHODS Three databases were systematically searched. Studies were included in the review if the primary goal was to determine magnitude of weight change and/or test predictors of weight change during the academic year, and they reported weight at 2+ time points. RESULTS A total of 81 studies were included in the review. Most studies (90%; 73/81) did not use an evidence-supported definition of weight gain. Studies that used an evidence-supported definition reported estimates of gain among students who gained weight to be beyond the range of normal weight fluctuation (4.0-7.5 kg), and occurred in a subset (<32%) of participants. Studies that did not use an evidence-supported definition reported weight gain to be 2.0-4.5 kg, and occurred in the majority >50% of students. Most studies that measured height and weight (71%; 42/59) did not use a fasting protocol and the majority (63%; 37/59) did not conduct measurements at the same time of day. A higher percentage of studies that used a standardized measurement protocol reported weight change >2 kg (44% vs 20%). A lower percentage of studies that used a standardized measurement protocol had substantial variability in weight change estimates (50% vs 69%). The majority of studies that tested predictors of weight gain (74%; 42/57) included weight/BMI as a covariate in analyses. CONCLUSIONS The body of literature examining weight change among college students suffers from limitations that may have contributed to overestimations in the percent of students who gain weight, and simultaneous underestimations of the magnitude of weight gain among those who gain weight. Weight gain may be limited to approximately 30% of students in a sample, and weight gain among this subset of students may be substantial (>4 kg). Going forward, use of both an evidence-supported weight gain definition and fasting measurement protocol will likely enhance accuracy in characterizing weight gain among college students, as well as improve researchers' ability to detect important predictors of weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tera L Fazzino
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, United States of America; Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, United States of America.
| | - Catherine Serwatka
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, United States of America; Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, United States of America
| | - Heather Schneider
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, United States of America; Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, United States of America
| | - Debra Sullivan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Kansas Medical Center, United States of America
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16
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Bernardo GL, Jomori MM, Fernandes AC, Colussi CF, Condrasky MD, Proença RPDC. Nutrition and Culinary in the Kitchen Program: a randomized controlled intervention to promote cooking skills and healthy eating in university students - study protocol. Nutr J 2017; 16:83. [PMID: 29262811 PMCID: PMC5738807 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Community-based intervention studies that aim at developing cooking skills have increased in the scientific literature and are related to healthier food practices. However, methodological limitations are observed and only a few studies have university students as the target. The university entrance period has been related to negative changes in eating habits among young people and it represents an important period for developing interventions for health promotion. This study describes the study protocol and the evaluation framework for the Nutrition and Culinary in the Kitchen program. This program aims to develop cooking skills in university students, and is based on the Cooking with a Chef program in the United States. Methods This ongoing, randomized controlled intervention was designed with a six month follow-up study. The intervention consisted of three-hour weekly classes during a six week period with printed materials provided. Five of the classes were hands-on cooking and one was a tour to a popular food market. There were eight primary outcome measures: changes in relation to i) accessibility and availability of fruits and vegetables; ii) cooking attitudes; iii) cooking behaviors at home; iv) cooking behaviors away from home; v) produce consumption self-efficacy; vi) self-efficacy for using basic cooking techniques; vii) self-efficacy for using fruits, vegetables, and seasonings (while cooking); and viii) knowledge of cooking terms and techniques. Secondary outcomes included changes in body mass index and in personal characteristics related to cooking. Repeated measures were collected through the application of an online self-completed survey, at baseline, after intervention and six months after intervention. A sample of 80 university students (40: intervention group; 40: control group) was estimated to detect a mean change of 1.5 points in cooking knowledge, with study power of 80%, and 95% level of confidence, plus 20% for random losses and 10% for confounding factors. The control group participants have continued with their usual activities. Data analyses will evaluate the intervention effect on changes in outcomes within and between groups, as well as explore relations with personal characteristics. Discussion This method provides new evidence about whether or not a culinary intervention targeting university students has an impact on the improvement of cooking skills and healthy eating practices. Trial registration Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry - RBR-8nwxh5 (http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-8nwxh5/)
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Affiliation(s)
- Greyce Luci Bernardo
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Nutrition in Foodservice Research Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil
| | - Manuela Mika Jomori
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Nutrition in Foodservice Research Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil.,Nutrition Faculty of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Fernandes
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Nutrition in Foodservice Research Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil
| | | | - Margaret D Condrasky
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.
| | - Rossana Pacheco da Costa Proença
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Nutrition in Foodservice Research Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil
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Morassut RE, Langlois C, Alyass A, Ishola AF, Yazdi FT, Mayhew AJ, Reddon H, MacKillop J, Pigeyre M, Meyre D. Rationale and design of GENEiUS: a prospective observational study on the genetic and environmental determinants of body mass index evolution in Canadian undergraduate students. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e019365. [PMID: 29229660 PMCID: PMC5778320 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a global epidemic and is a risk factor for developing other comorbidities. Young adulthood is a critical period for body weight change and establishing healthy lifestyle behaviours. The 'Freshman 15' suggests that undergraduate students gain 15 lbs (6.8 kg) during their first year of university, although evidence estimates a more modest weight gain of approximately 3-5 lbs (1.4-2.3 kg). Previous studies have only investigated weight change in the first year and do not study potential risk factors. Genetic and EnviroNmental Effects on weight in University Students (GENEiUS) is a prospective observational study which will investigate the environmental and biological determinants of weight change in undergraduate students over 4 years. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The GENEiUS study will recruit 2500 multiethnic undergraduates aged 17-25 years at McMaster University at the start of their first year and will follow them every 6 months for 4 years. Primary outcomes are obesity traits: body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat mass and body fat percentage. The contribution of well-established and novel genetic variants for obesity traits and heritability values will be derived from whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping arrays. Civil status, age, sex, ethnicity, length of residence in Canada, religiosity, energy intake, physical activity, exercise motivation, electronic screen time, sleep patterns, history of assault, smoking status, alcohol consumption, medication and drug use, stress, impulsivity, body image perception, self-esteem, anxiety, eating disorders and depression will be investigated for their effect on obesity traits. The findings of the GENEiUS study will be used to help design obesity prevention programme in North American universities with multiethnic populations. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval of the study protocol has been obtained from the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board. Study results will be disseminated through scientific publications, scholarly meetings, and collaborative meetings with university administration and student groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita E Morassut
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Christine Langlois
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Akram Alyass
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Adeola F Ishola
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Fereshteh T Yazdi
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Alexandra J Mayhew
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Hudson Reddon
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie Pigeyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, University of Lille, CHRU Lille, Lille, France
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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