1
|
Manzoor AA, Romita L, Hwang DK. A review on microwell and microfluidic geometric array fabrication techniques and its potential applications in cellular studies. CAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ali Manzoor
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering Science and Technology (iBEST) A partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Lauren Romita
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering Science and Technology (iBEST) A partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Dae Kun Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering Science and Technology (iBEST) A partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Romita L, Thompson S, Hwang DK. Rapid fabrication of sieved microwells and cross-flow microparticle trapping. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15687. [PMID: 32973304 PMCID: PMC7518267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of microwells is popular for a wide range of applications due to its' simplicity. However, the seeding of conventional microwells, which are closed at the bottom, is restricted to gravitational sedimentation for cell or particle deposition and therefore require lengthy settling times to maximize well occupancy. The addition of microfluidics to the capture process has accelerated cell or particle dispersion and improved capture ability but is mostly limited to gravitationally-driven settling for capture into the wells. An alternative approach to conventional closed-microwells, sieved microwells supersedes reliance on gravity by using hydrodynamic forces through the open pores at the bottom of the microwells to draw targets into the wells. We have developed a rapid fabrication method, based on flow lithography techniques, which allows us to easily customize the mesh pore sizes in a simple two-step process. Finally, by combining this microwell design with cross-flow trapping in a microfluidic two-layered channel, we achieve an 88 ± 6% well occupancy in under 10 s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Romita
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), A Partnership Between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Shyan Thompson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), A Partnership Between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Dae Kun Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada.
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), A Partnership Between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Griffith CM, Huang SA, Cho C, Khare TM, Rich M, Lee GH, Ligler FS, Diekman BO, Polacheck WJ. Microfluidics for the study of mechanotransduction. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS 2020; 53:224004. [PMID: 33840837 PMCID: PMC8034607 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ab78d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces regulate a diverse set of biological processes at cellular, tissue, and organismal length scales. Investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the conversion of mechanical forces to biological responses is challenged by limitations of traditional animal models and in vitro cell culture, including poor control over applied force and highly artificial cell culture environments. Recent advances in fabrication methods and material processing have enabled the development of microfluidic platforms that provide precise control over the mechanical microenvironment of cultured cells. These devices and systems have proven to be powerful for uncovering and defining mechanisms of mechanotransduction. In this review, we first give an overview of the main mechanotransduction pathways that function at sites of cell adhesion, many of which have been investigated with microfluidics. We then discuss how distinct microfluidic fabrication methods can be harnessed to gain biological insight, with description of both monolithic and replica molding approaches. Finally, we present examples of how microfluidics can be used to apply both solid forces (substrate mechanics, strain, and compression) and fluid forces (luminal, interstitial) to cells. Throughout the review, we emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of different fabrication methods and applications of force in order to provide perspective to investigators looking to apply forces to cells in their own research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Griffith
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Stephanie A Huang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Crescentia Cho
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Tanmay M Khare
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Matthew Rich
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Gi-Hun Lee
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Frances S Ligler
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Brian O Diekman
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - William J Polacheck
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- Cancer Cell Biology Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharifi F, Yesil-Celiktas O, Kazan A, Maharjan S, Saghazadeh S, Firoozbakhsh K, Firoozabadi B, Zhang YS. A hepatocellular carcinoma–bone metastasis-on-a-chip model for studying thymoquinone-loaded anticancer nanoparticles. Biodes Manuf 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-020-00074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
5
|
Kamyabi N, Khan ZS, Vanapalli SA. Flow-Induced Transport of Tumor Cells in a Microfluidic Capillary Network: Role of Friction and Repeated Deformation. Cell Mol Bioeng 2017; 10:563-576. [PMID: 31719874 PMCID: PMC6816673 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-017-0499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in microcirculation undergo significant deformation and frictional interactions within microcapillaries. To understand the physical parameters governing their flow-induced transport, we studied the pressure-driven flow of cancer cells in a microfluidic model of a capillary network. METHODS Our microfluidic device contains an array of parallel constrictions separated by regions where cells can repetitively deform and relax. To characterize the transport behavior, we measured the entry time, transit time, and shape deformation of tumor cells as they squeeze through the network. RESULTS We found that entry and transit times of cells are much lower after repetitive deformation as their elongated shape enables easy transport in subsequent constrictions. Furthermore, upon repetitive deformation, the cells were able to relieve only 25% of their 40% imposed compressional strain, suggesting that tumor cells might have undergone plastic deformation or fatigue. To investigate the influence of surface friction, we characterized the transport behavior in the absence and presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) coating on the constriction walls. We observed that BSA coating reduces the entry and transit time significantly. Finally, using two breast tumor cell lines, we investigated the effect of metastatic potential on transport properties. We found that the cell lines could be distinguished only upon surface treatment with BSA, thus surface-induced friction is an indicator of metastatic potential. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that pre-deformation can enhance the transport of CTCs in microcirculation and that frictional interactions with capillary walls can play an important role in influencing the transport of metastatic CTCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabiollah Kamyabi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 6th St and Canton Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - Zeina S. Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 6th St and Canton Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - Siva A. Vanapalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 6th St and Canton Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jang M, Koh I, Lee SJ, Cheong JH, Kim P. Droplet-based microtumor model to assess cell-ECM interactions and drug resistance of gastric cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41541. [PMID: 28128310 PMCID: PMC5269667 DOI: 10.1038/srep41541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common aggressive malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality worldwide. GC is classified into intestinal and diffuse types according to the histo-morphological features. Because of distinctly different clinico-pathological features, new cancer therapy strategies and in vitro preclinical models for the two pathological variants of GC is necessary. Since extracellular matrix (ECM) influence the biological behavior of tumor cells, we hypothesized that GC might be more similarly modeled in 3D with matrix rather than in 2D. Herein, we developed a microfluidic-based a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro gastric cancer model, with subsequent drug resistance assay. AGS (intestinal type) and Hs746T (diffuse type) gastric cancer cell lines were encapsulated in collagen beads with high cellular viability. AGS exhibited an aggregation pattern with expansive growth, whereas Hs746T showed single-cell-level infiltration. Importantly, in microtumor models, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastatic genes were upregulated, whereas E-cadherin was downregulated. Expression of ß-catenin was decreased in drug-resistant cells, and chemosensitivity toward the anticancer drug (5-FU) was observed in microtumors. These results suggest that in vitro microtumor models may represent a biologically relevant platform for studying gastric cancer cell biology and tumorigenesis, and for accelerating the development of novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Jang
- KAIST, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilkyoo Koh
- KAIST, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jae Lee
- Department of Nano Bio Research, National NanoFab Center, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilnam Kim
- KAIST, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Jun Y, Kang E, Chae S, Lee SH. Microfluidic spinning of micro- and nano-scale fibers for tissue engineering. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2145-60. [PMID: 24647678 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51414e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies have recently been shown to hold significant potential as novel tools for producing micro- and nano-scale structures for a variety of applications in tissue engineering and cell biology. Over the last decade, microfluidic spinning has emerged as an advanced method for fabricating fibers with diverse shapes and sizes without the use of complicated devices or facilities. In this critical review, we describe the current development of microfluidic-based spinning techniques for producing micro- and nano-scale fibers based on different solidification methods, platforms, geometries, or biomaterials. We also highlight the emerging applications of fibers as bottom-up scaffolds such as cell encapsulation or guidance for use in tissue engineering research and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yesl Jun
- Biotechnology-Medical Science, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Lab on a chip for in situ diagnosis: From blood to point of care. Biomed Eng Lett 2013; 3:59-66. [PMID: 32226641 PMCID: PMC7100328 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-013-0094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As the point of care diagnosis devices are becoming ever more popular, this paper suggest a miniaturized testing device from a drop of blood to diagnosis of disease for the global healthcare. The minimal requirements for the POC blood-testing device are blood microsampling, blood separation, immunoassay, and detection and communication of the signals. The microsampling of the blood can be achieved by specialized needle, which can be connected to the microchip or analytical devices. The sampled blood is then separated using either a filter (weir or pillar type), or by the phenomena unique to microfluidic system. The separated blood should then go through sandwich, homogeneous non-competitive, or competitive immunoassay, which can effectively diagnose diverse diseases. Lastly, the device should detect and translate the immune-signals to readable, and clinically significant signals. The development of such device will play a great role for improving healthcare technology.
Collapse
|
11
|
|