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Tufail M, Wu C, Hussain MS. Dietary, addictive and habitual factors, and risk of colorectal cancer. Nutrition 2024; 120:112334. [PMID: 38271761 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Pakistan, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has sharply increased in recent years. Although several studies have reported global risk factors for CRC, no study has been conducted in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan, to investigate the risk factors associated with the increased CRC burden in this population. OBJECTIVES Therefore, we conducted a clinical survey using a case-control study design to explore the risk factors associatd with CRC. METHODS In the present study, one control was enrolled for each case. Both cases and controls were asked to complete a questionnaire to gather data. We analyzed all data using SPSS. RESULTS Our study found that certain dietary factors, such as consuming fast food (OR: 3.0; P = 0.0001) and reusing ghee (OR: 2.45; P = 0.0001) and oil (OR: 4.30; P = 0.0001), increase the risk of CRC. Additionally, use of tobacco products like smoking cigarettes (OR: 1.91; P = 0.0001) and using snuff (OR: 3.72; P = 0.0001) significantly increases the risk of CRC. Certain habitual factors, including binge eating (OR: 2.42; P = 0.0001) and spending excessive time watching TV (OR: 1.98; P = 0.0001), also increase the odds of developing CRC. However, our study also identified some protective factors against CRC, such as consuming vegetables (OR: .41; P = 0.0001), developing healthy eating habits (OR: .61; P = 0.0001), and maintaining regular sleeping patterns (OR: .45; P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION Given these findings, targeted health education is necessary to prevent the increase in CRC in this area. We also recommend developing and enforcing appropriate control guidelines for cancer risk factors to curb the incidence of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Md Sadique Hussain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Exposome approach for identifying modifiable factors for the prevention of colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21615. [PMID: 36517625 PMCID: PMC9750985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown certain exposure factors (such as lifestyle and metabolism) are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) events. However, the application of the exposome theoretical frame and the extent to which the exposome domain can modulate the risk of CRC remain unknown. Our study aimed to construct valid exposome measurements and examine the relationship between exposome counts and the risk of CRC. This study included 335,370 individuals in the UK Biobank. We used exploratory factor analysis to identify a valid construct of exposome factors. We then summed the exposome counts within each domain. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of CRC risk related to the exposome factors and counts. During an 8.69 year median follow-up, 10,702 CRC cases were identified. Five domains were extracted from 12 variables, including ecosystem, lifestyle, tobacco and alcohol use, social economics, and social support. The Cox model results showed that the ecosystem was positively related to the reduced CRC risk (HR = 0.970; 95% CI 0.952-0.989). Similar results were also found among the domains of healthy lifestyles (HR = 0. 889; 95% CI 0.871-0.907), and no tobacco and alcohol use (HR = 0.892; 95% CI 0.876-0.909). The disadvantageous social economic (HR = 1.081; 95% CI 1.058-1.105) and insufficient social support domains (HR = 1.036; 95% CI 1.017-1.056) were associated with an increased risk of CRC. Similar risk trends were also observed across the exposome count groups with CRC incidence. Our findings suggest that certain exposure domains are related to the incidence of CRC. Ecosystem, lifestyle, and social factors can be incorporated into prediction models to identify individuals at high risk of CRC.
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Morais RA, Teixeira GL, Ferreira SRS, Cifuentes A, Block JM. Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Compounds of Native Brazilian Fruits of the Arecaceae Family and Its Potential Applications for Health Promotion. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194009. [PMID: 36235663 PMCID: PMC9571529 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruits from the Arecaceae family, although being rich in bioactive compounds with potential benefits to health, have been underexplored. Studies on their composition, bioactive compounds, and effects of their consumption on health are also scarce. This review presents the composition of macro- and micronutrients, and bioactive compounds of fruits of the Arecaceae family such as bacaba, patawa, juçara, açaí, buriti, buritirana, and butiá. The potential use and reported effects of its consumption on health are also presented. The knowledge of these underutilized fruits is important to encourage production, commercialization, processing, and consumption. It can also stimulate their full use and improve the economy and social condition of the population where these fruits are found. Furthermore, it may help in future research on the composition, health effects, and new product development. Arecaceae fruits presented in this review are currently used as raw materials for producing beverages, candies, jams, popsicles, ice creams, energy drinks, and edible oils. The reported studies show that they are rich in phenolic compounds, carotenoids, anthocyanins, tocopherols, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and fatty acids. Moreover, the consumption of these compounds has been associated with anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antiobesity, and cardioprotective effects. These fruits have potential to be used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Despite their potential, some of them, such as buritirana and butiá, have been little explored and limited research has been conducted on their composition, biological effects, and applications. Therefore, more detailed investigations on the composition and mechanism of action based on in vitro and/or in vivo studies are needed for fruits from the Arecaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Alves Morais
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88034-001, Brazil
| | - Gerson Lopes Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88034-001, Brazil
| | | | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Jane Mara Block
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88034-001, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (J.M.B.)
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Amirsasan R, Akbarzadeh M, Akbarzadeh S. Exercise and colorectal cancer: prevention and molecular mechanisms. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:247. [PMID: 35945569 PMCID: PMC9361674 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise and physical activity have been shown to be strongly associated with a decreased incidence rate of various chronic diseases especially numerous human malignancies. A huge number of clinical trials and meta-analysis have demonstrated that exercise is significantly effective in lowering the risk of colorectal cancer. In addition, it is suggested as an effective therapeutic modality against this cancer type. Therefore, in this review, we will review comprehensibly the effects of exercise in preventing, treating, and alleviating the adverse effects of conventional therapeutic options in colorectal cancer. Moreover, the possible mechanisms underlying the positive effects of exercise and physical activity in colorectal cancer, including regulation of inflammation, apoptosis, growth factor axis, immunity, epigenetic, etc. will be also discussed. Exercise is an effective post-treatment management program in colorectal cancer survivals Exercise improves muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, emotional distress, physical activity, fatigue, and sleep quality in colorectal patients undergoing chemotherapy Targeting and modulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, inflammation, apoptosis, immunity, epigenetic, Leptin and Ghrelin, and signaling pathways are major underlying mechanisms for preventive effects of exercise in colorectal cancer
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Amirsasan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbarzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Akbarzadeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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Dawiec-Liśniewska A, Podstawczyk D, Bastrzyk A, Czuba K, Pacyna-Iwanicka K, Okoro OV, Shavandi A. aNew trends in biotechnological applications of photosynthetic microorganisms. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107988. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Cruciferous Vegetables and Their Bioactive Metabolites: from Prevention to Novel Therapies of Colorectal Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1534083. [PMID: 35449807 PMCID: PMC9017484 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1534083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Brassicaceae family, known as cruciferous vegetables, includes many economically important species, mainly edible oil plants, vegetable species, spice plants, and feed plants. Cruciferous vegetables are foods rich in nutritive composition and are also a good source of dietary fiber. Besides, cruciferous vegetables contain various bioactive chemicals known as glucosinolates and S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide, including sulphur-containing cancer-protective chemicals. Numerous studies have reported that daily intake of sulphurous vegetables helps prevent cancer formation and reduces cancer incidence, especially in colorectal cancer, through various mechanisms. The potential mechanisms of these compounds in preventing cancer in experimental studies are as follows: protecting cells against DNA damage, inactivating carcinogenic substances, showing antiviral and antibacterial effects, triggering apoptosis in cells with disrupted structure, inhibiting tumour cell migration causing metastasis and the development of tumour-feeding vessels (angiogenesis). These beneficial anticancer effects of cruciferous vegetables are generally associated with glucosinolates in their composition and some secondary metabolites, as well as other phenolic compounds, seed oils, and dietary fiber in the literature. This review aims to examine to the roles of cruciferous vegetables and their important bioactive metabolites in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Smit KC, Derksen JWG, Beets GLO, Belt EJT, Berbée M, Coene PPLO, van Cruijsen H, Davidis MA, Dekker JWT, van Dodewaard-de Jong JM, Haringhuizen AW, Helgason HH, Hendriks MP, Hoekstra R, de Hingh IHJT, IJzermans JNM, Janssen JJB, Konsten JLM, Los M, Mekenkamp LJM, Nieboer P, Peeters KCMJ, Peters NAJB, Pruijt HJFM, Quarles van Ufford-Mannesse P, Rietbroek RC, Schiphorst AHW, Schouten van der Velden A, Schrauwen RWM, Sie MPS, Sommeijer DW, Sonneveld DJA, Stockmann HBAC, Tent M, Terheggen F, Tjin-A-Ton MLR, Valkenburg-van Iersel L, van der Velden AMT, Vles WJ, van Voorthuizen T, Wegdam JA, de Wilt JHW, Koopman M, May AM. Physical Activity Is Associated with Improved Overall Survival among Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041001. [PMID: 35205748 PMCID: PMC8870120 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Physical activity is linked to longer survival among non-metastasized colorectal cancer patients. It is unclear if physical activity is also beneficial for survival among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. We researched this question in our study of 293 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. We found that participants who reported higher levels of physical activity at diagnosis lived longer compared to patients who reported low activity levels. Furthermore, adherence to the physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors was related to prolonged survival. Our findings suggest that patients with metastatic colorectal cancer also benefit from being physically active. Future studies are needed to investigate whether improving exercise levels after diagnosis of metastasis is also beneficial and what kind of exercise interventions are most optimal for possibly improving survival time of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Abstract Regular physical activity (PA) is associated with improved overall survival (OS) in stage I–III colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. This association is less defined in patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC). We therefore conducted a study in mCRC patients participating in the Prospective Dutch Colorectal Cancer cohort. PA was assessed with the validated SQUASH questionnaire, filled-in within a maximum of 60 days after diagnosis of mCRC. PA was quantified by calculating Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET) hours per week. American College of Sports and Medicine (ACSM) PA guideline adherence, tertiles of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), and sport and leisure time MVPA (MVPA-SL) were assessed as well. Vital status was obtained from the municipal population registry. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to study the association between PA determinants and all-cause mortality adjusted for prognostic patient and treatment-related factors. In total, 293 mCRC patients (mean age 62.9 ± 10.6 years, 67% male) were included in the analysis. Compared to low levels, moderate and high levels of MET-hours were significantly associated with longer OS (fully adjusted hazard ratios: 0.491, (95% CI 0.299–0.807, p value = 0.005) and 0.485 (95% CI 0.303–0.778, p value = 0.003), respectively), as were high levels of MVPA (0.476 (95% CI 0.278–0.816, p value = 0.007)) and MVPA-SL (0.389 (95% CI 0.224–0.677, p value < 0.001)), and adherence to ACSM PA guidelines compared to non-adherence (0.629 (95% CI 0.412–0.961, p value = 0.032)). The present study provides evidence that higher PA levels at diagnosis of mCRC are associated with longer OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel C. Smit
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.C.S.); (J.W.G.D.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Jeroen W. G. Derksen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.C.S.); (J.W.G.D.)
| | - Geerard L. O. Beets
- Department of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J. Th. Belt
- Department of Surgery, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Albert Schweitzerplaats 25, 3318 AT Dordrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Maaike Berbée
- Department of Radiotherapy, Maastro Clinic, 6202 NA Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Peter Paul L. O. Coene
- Department of Surgery, Maasstad Hospital, Maasstadweg 21, 3079 DZ Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Hester van Cruijsen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antonius Hospital, 8600 BA Sneek, The Netherlands;
| | - Marjan A. Davidis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rivas, Banneweg 57, 4204 AA Gorinchem, The Netherlands;
| | - Jan Willem T. Dekker
- Department of Surgery, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg 5, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands;
| | | | | | - Helgi H. Helgason
- Department of Medical Oncology, Haaglanden Medical Center, 2501 CK Den Haag, The Netherlands;
| | - Mathijs P. Hendriks
- Department of Medical Oncology, Northwest Clinics, 1800 AM Alkmaar, The Netherlands;
| | - Ronald Hoekstra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ziekenhuisgroep Twente, Zilvermeeuw 1, 7609 PP Hengelo, The Netherlands;
| | - Ignace H. J. T. de Hingh
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Jan N. M. IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 AD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Johan J. B. Janssen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 6500 GS Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Joop L. M. Konsten
- Department of Surgery, Viecuri Hospital, Tegelseweg 210, 5912 BL Venlo, The Netherlands;
| | - Maartje Los
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Antonius Hospital, 3430 EM Nieuwegein, The Netherlands;
| | - Leonie J. M. Mekenkamp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, 7500 KA Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Peter Nieboer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Wilhelmina Hospital, 9400 RA Assen, The Netherlands;
| | - Koen C. M. J. Peeters
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, University of Leiden, Postzone K6-39 Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Natascha A. J. B. Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sint Jans Hospital, Vogelsbleek 5, 6001 BE Weert, The Netherlands;
| | - Hans J. F. M. Pruijt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 5200 ME Den Bosch, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Ron C. Rietbroek
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rode Kruis Hospital, Vondellaan 13, 1942 LE Beverwijk, The Netherlands;
| | - Anandi H. W. Schiphorst
- Department of Surgery, Diakonessenhuis Hospital, Bosboomstraat 1, 3582 KE Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Ruud W. M. Schrauwen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Bernhoven Hospital, Nistelrodeseweg 10, 5406 PT Uden, The Netherlands;
| | - Mark P. S. Sie
- Department of Medical Oncology, ZorgSaam Hospital, Wielingenlaan 2, 4535 PA Terneuzen, The Netherlands;
| | - Dirkje W. Sommeijer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Medical Oncology, Flevo Hospital, Hospitaalweg 1, 1315 RA Almere, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. A. Sonneveld
- Department of Surgery, Dijklander Hospital, Waterlandlaan 250, 1441 RN Purmerend, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Marleen Tent
- Department of Medical Oncology, Treant Hospital, 7800 RA Emmen, The Netherlands;
| | - Frederiek Terheggen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bravis Hospital, Boerhaavelaan 25, 4708 AE Roosendaal, The Netherlands;
| | | | | | - Ankie M. T. van der Velden
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tergooi Hospital, Van Riebeeckweg 212, 1213 XZ Hilversum, The Netherlands;
| | - Wouter J. Vles
- Department of Surgery, Ikazia Hospital, Montessoriweg 1, 3083 AN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Theo van Voorthuizen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rijnstate Hospital, Postus 9555, 6800 TA Arnhem, The Netherlands;
| | - Johannes A. Wegdam
- Department of Surgery, Elkerliek Hospital, Wesselmanlaan 25, 5707 HA Helmond, The Netherlands;
| | - Johannes H. W. de Wilt
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, University of Nijmegen, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Miriam Koopman
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Anne M. May
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.C.S.); (J.W.G.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Nanostructured Biosilica of Diatoms: From Water World to Biomedical Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10196811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms—unicellular photosynthetic algae—are promising natural sources of nanostructured silica. These microorganisms produce in their membrane approximately a highly ordered porous cell wall called a frustule as protection from environmental stress. Diatom frustules consist of hydrated silica that show peculiar properties including biocompatibility, tailorable surface chemistry, chemical inertness, and thermal stability. Frustules harvested from aquatic ecosystems or diatomaceous fossil sediments represent an excellent cost-effective source of biosilica for a broad range of biomedical applications. The porous ultrastructure of the frustules displays a large surface area available for coating with various biomolecules through different functionalization methods. In this review article, we highlight the main features of diatom biosilica and present some of the most advantageous properties that support the employment of frustules in the field of drug delivery, biosensing, and regenerative medicine. In particular, it is offered an insight into the most common functionalization strategies through which diatom physicochemical properties can be modified and tailored according to the described field of application.
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Vitamin D supplementation reduces the occurrence of colorectal polyps in high-latitude locations. Prev Med 2020; 135:106072. [PMID: 32247012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
There is suggestive evidence for the role of vitamin D in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Due to high latitudes in Canada, many Canadians are vitamin D deficient throughout winter. In this analysis, we examined the association between vitamin D supplement use and high-risk adenomatous polyps (HRAPs). The study population was drawn from the biorepository at the Forzani & MacPhail Colon Cancer Screening Centre (CCSC) in Calgary. Individuals enrolled between 2013 and 2016 between the age of 50 and 74 years (n = 1409) were included. When examining the association between any supplemental vitamin D use and HRAPs, a protective effect is observed with an ORadj of 0.57 (95% CI: 0.33-0.96). Similarly, meeting the recommended daily intake (RDI) of vitamin D (600 IU) is protective against HRAPs with an ORadj of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.62-0.99). This study suggests that adequate vitamin D supplementation reduces the occurrence of colorectal polyps in high-latitude locations.
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Lee SY, Shieh MJ. Platinum(II) Drug-Loaded Gold Nanoshells for Chemo-Photothermal Therapy in Colorectal Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:4254-4264. [PMID: 31927943 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we utilize a poly[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PDMA-PCL) micellar template-based gold nanoshell as a nanocarrier of a platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug, dichloro(1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II) (DACHPt). The gold nanoshells not only function as a drug delivery platform but also provide a remarkable photothermal effect, resulting in synergistically combined chemo-photothermal therapy. With the positively charged outstretched hydrophilic PDMA segments, chloroauric anions are attracted to the PDMA-PCL micellar surface and reduced to gold atoms in situ, forming small seeds that nucleate the subsequent growth of gold nanoshells. The DACHPt-loaded gold nanoshells possess strong absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region and outstanding photothermal conversion effect; thus, they can promote a temperature increase that is sufficient to ablate tumor cells under NIR laser irradiation at a moderate power density (1 W/cm2). Furthermore, by exploiting the synergistic effects of platinum-based chemotherapy and photothermal therapy, the DACHPt-loaded gold nanoshells exhibited a profound inhibition of tumor growth compared to chemotherapy or photothermal therapy alone. Therefore, the platinum(II)-loaded gold nanoshells that we proposed herein may be a potential alternative for efficient curative therapy for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Yu Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jium Shieh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
- Department of Oncology , National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine , No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
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Elajnaf T, Iamartino L, Mesteri I, Müller C, Bassetto M, Manhardt T, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Kallay E, Schepelmann M. Nutritional and Pharmacological Targeting of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor Influences Chemically Induced Colitis in Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:E3072. [PMID: 31888253 PMCID: PMC6950720 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is the main regulator of extracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. It has diverse functions in different tissues, including the intestines. Intestine-specific knockout of the CaSR renders mice more susceptible to dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. To test our hypothesis that the CaSR reduces intestinal inflammation, we assessed the effects of nutritional and pharmacological agonists of the CaSR in a colitis model. We treated female Balb/C mice with dietary calcium and protein (nutritional agonists of the CaSR) or pharmacological CaSR modulators (the agonists cinacalcet and GSK3004774, and the antagonist NPS-2143; 10 mg/kg), then induced colitis with DSS. The high-protein diet had a strong pro-inflammatory effect-it shortened the colons (5.3 ± 0.1 cm vs. 6.1 ± 0.2 cm normal diet, p < 0.05), lowered mucin expression and upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-γ, (4.2-fold, p < 0.05) compared with the normal diet. Cinacalcet reduced mucin expression, which coincided with an increase in tumor necrosis factor-α (4.4-fold, p < 0.05) and IL-6 (4.9-fold, p < 0.05) in the plasma, compared with vehicle. The CaSR antagonist, NPS-2143, significantly reduced the cumulative inflammation score compared with the vehicle control (35.3 ± 19.1 vs. 21.9 ± 14.3 area under the curve, p < 0.05) and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells. While dietary modulation of the CaSR had no beneficial effects, pharmacological inhibition of the CaSR may have the potential of a novel add-on therapy in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Elajnaf
- Center of Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel, 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.E.); (L.I.); (C.M.); (T.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Luca Iamartino
- Center of Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel, 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.E.); (L.I.); (C.M.); (T.M.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Christian Müller
- Center of Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel, 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.E.); (L.I.); (C.M.); (T.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Marcella Bassetto
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, CF10 3NB Cardiff, UK
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Swansea University, SA2 8PP Swansea, UK
| | - Teresa Manhardt
- Center of Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel, 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.E.); (L.I.); (C.M.); (T.M.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Enikö Kallay
- Center of Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel, 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.E.); (L.I.); (C.M.); (T.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Martin Schepelmann
- Center of Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel, 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.E.); (L.I.); (C.M.); (T.M.); (M.S.)
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12
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Irún P, Lanas A, Piazuelo E. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Bioactive Metabolites in Gastrointestinal Malignancies Related to Unresolved Inflammation. A Review. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:852. [PMID: 31427966 PMCID: PMC6687876 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation takes part in the pathogenesis of some malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract including colorectal (CRC), gastric, and esophageal cancers. The use of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω3-PUFA) supplements for chemoprevention or adjuvant therapy of gastrointestinal cancers is being investigated in recent years. Most evidence has been reported in CRC, although their protective role has also been reported for Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric cancer or Barrett’s esophagus-derived adenocarcinoma. Studies based on ω3-PUFA supplementation in animal models of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and CRC revealed positive effects on cancer prevention, reducing the number and size of tumors, down-regulating arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids, upregulating anti-oxidant enzymes, and reducing lipid peroxidation, whereas contradictory results have been found in induced colitis and colitis-associated cancer. Beneficial effects have also been found in FAP and ulcerative colitis patients. Of special interest is their positive effect as adjuvants on radio- and chemo-sensitivity, specificity, and prevention of treatment complications. Some controversial results obtained in CRC might be justified by different dietary sources, extraction and preparation procedures of ω3-PUFAs, difficulties on filling out food questionnaires, daily dose and type of PUFAs, adenoma subtype, location of CRC, sex differences, and genetic factors. Studies using animal models of inflammatory bowel disease have confirmed that exogenous administration of active metabolites derived from PUFAs called pro-resolving mediators like lipoxin A4, arachidonic acid-derived, resolvins derived from eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic (DHA), and docosapentaenoic (DPA) acids as well as maresin 1 and protectins DHA- and DPA-derived improve disease and inflammatory outcomes without causing immunosuppression or other side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Irún
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Angel Lanas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Psiquiatría y Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Piazuelo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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13
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Wong MCS, Ding H, Wang J, Chan PSF, Huang J. Prevalence and risk factors of colorectal cancer in Asia. Intest Res 2019; 17:317-329. [PMID: 31085968 PMCID: PMC6667372 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2019.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a substantial public health burden, and it is increasingly affecting populations in Asian countries. The overall prevalence of CRC is reported to be low in Asia when compared with that in Western nations, yet it had the highest number of prevalent cases. This review described the prevalence of CRC in Asia according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer from World Health Organization (WHO) database and summarized its major risk factors. Non-modifiable factors include genetic factors, ethnicity, age, gender, family history and body height; smoking, alcohol drinking, weight, Westernized diet, physical inactivity, chronic diseases and microbiota were involved in environmental factors. These risk factors were separately discussed in this review according to published literature from Asian countries. CRC screening has been playing an important role in reducing its disease burden. Some recommendations on its screening practices have been formulated in guidelines for Asia Pacific countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin CS Wong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hanyue Ding
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jingxuan Wang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Paul SF Chan
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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14
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Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Colorectal Cancer: Could miRNA Dysregulation Play A Role? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122922. [PMID: 31207998 PMCID: PMC6628223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation. Insulin resistance is a risk factor for cancer. A recent chapter in epigenetics is represented by microRNAs (miRNAs), which post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Dysregulated miRNA profiles have been associated with diseases including obesity and cancer. Herein we report dysregulated miRNAs in obesity both in animal models and in humans, and we also document dysregulated miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC), as example of an obesity-related cancer. Some of the described miRNAs are found to be similarly dysregulated both in obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and CRC. Thus, we present miRNAs as a potential molecular link between obesity and CRC onset and development, giving a new perspective on the role of miRNAs in obesity-associated cancers.
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15
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Talibov M, Sormunen J, Weiderpass E, Kjaerheim K, Martinsen JI, Sparen P, Tryggvadottir L, Hansen J, Pukkala E. Workplace Diesel Exhausts and Gasoline Exposure and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Four Nordic Countries. Saf Health Work 2019; 10:141-150. [PMID: 31297276 PMCID: PMC6598825 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on associations between occupational diesel exhaust and gasoline exposure and colorectal cancer is limited. We aimed to assess the effect of workplace exposure to diesel exhaust and gasoline on the risk of colorectal cancer. METHODS This case-control study included 181,709 colon cancer and 109,227 rectal cancer cases diagnosed between 1961 and 2005 in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Cases and controls were identified from the Nordic Occupational Cancer Study cohort and matched for country, birth year, and sex. Diesel exhaust and gasoline exposure values were assigned by country-specific job-exposure matrices. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by using conditional logistic regression models. The results were adjusted for physical strain at work and occupational exposure to benzene, formaldehyde, ionizing radiation, chlorinated hydrocarbons, chromium, and wood dust. RESULTS Diesel exhaust exposure was associated with a small increase in the risk of rectal cancer (odds ratio = 1.05, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.08). Gasoline exposure was not associated with colorectal cancer risk. CONCLUSION This study showed a small risk increase for rectal cancer after workplace diesel exhaust exposure. However, this finding could be due to chance, given the limitations of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madar Talibov
- Faculty of Social/Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Environment and Radiation Section, Lyon, France
| | - Jorma Sormunen
- Faculty of Social/Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Per Sparen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laufey Tryggvadottir
- Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Johnni Hansen
- The Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Faculty of Social/Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Banjari I, Kožić S. Dietary intake of vitamin B 12 in relation to diet and lifestyle characteristics in a population at high risk for colorectal cancer. Cent Eur J Public Health 2019; 26:253-259. [PMID: 30660133 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Besides irreplaceable role in health, vitamin B12 is proposed to have cytoprotective role in colorectal cancer (CRC). So far, studies are inconclusive on the role dietary intake of vitamin B12 has in CRC. The aim of this study was to determine whether total dietary intake of vitamin B12 and contribution from its food sources relates to a low-risk diet and lifestyle in a population at high risk for CRC. METHODS An observational study on 200 healthy adults from Eastern Croatia was conducted during April-May 2013. A typical diet of this population in this region is characterized with all known major dietary risk factors for CRC placing the population at high risk for CRC, yet the incidence of CRC remains relatively low. RESULTS Diet and lifestyle characteristics of 52.2% of participants can be classified as the high-risk for CRC. Women, people in lower BMI category, and urban residents have significantly lower risk of the high-risk diet and lifestyle. Higher intake of vitamin B12 shows positive association with the low-risk diet and lifestyle. Intake of vitamin B12 from milk, dairy and fish represent independent factors for the low-risk diet and lifestyle in this population at high-risk for CRC. CONCLUSIONS Higher intake of vitamin B12, especially intake from milk, dairy and fish are associated with the low-risk diet and lifestyle in a population at high risk for CRC. Further studies should focus on interplay between vitamin B12 and other nutrients that share the same food sources to elucidate their role in the aetiology and pathology of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Banjari
- Department of Food and Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Snježana Kožić
- Department of Food and Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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17
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Oyeyemi SO, Braaten T, Licaj I, Lund E, Benjaminsen Borch K. Physical activity patterns and the risk of colorectal cancer in the Norwegian Women and Cancer study: a population-based prospective study. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1216. [PMID: 30514263 PMCID: PMC6280381 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the second most common cancer in women worldwide. Physical activity (PA) has been associated with reduced risk of CRC; however, this has been demonstrated more consistently in men, while results of studies in women have been largely equivocal. We aimed to further examine the relationship between PA patterns and the risk of CRC in women, using repeated measurements. Methods We followed participants of the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) Study - a nationally representative cohort. Baseline information was available for 79,184 women, and we used this information in addition to follow-up information collected 6–8 years later, for repeated measurement analysis. At enrollment, participants were cancer-free and aged 30–70 years, with a median age of 51 years. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results During an average of 14.6 years of follow-up and 1.16 million person-years, 885 cases of colon and 426 cases of rectal cancer were identified through linkage to the Norwegian Cancer Registry (median age at diagnosis: 65 years). We found no association between PA level and the risk of colon cancer in baseline or repeated measurements analyses when comparing women with PA level 1–2 to those with PA level 5–6 (reference) (baseline: HR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.66–1.23, p-trend = 0.76; repeated measurements: HR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.55–1.10, p-trend = 0.27). Results were the same when comparing PA level 9–10 to the reference level (baseline: HR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.56–1.12, p-trend = 0.76; repeated measurements: HR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.58–1.16, p-trend = 0.27). Similarly, we found no association between PA levels and the risk of rectal cancer. Conclusions Women may need to look beyond PA in order to reduce their risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Oluwafemi Oyeyemi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Tonje Braaten
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Idlir Licaj
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Clinical Research Department, Centre François Baclesse, Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1086, Caen, France
| | - Eiliv Lund
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kristin Benjaminsen Borch
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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18
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Simons CCJM, Schouten LJ, Godschalk RW, van Schooten FJ, van den Brandt PA, Weijenberg MP. Sirtuin 1 genetic variation, energy balance and colorectal cancer risk by sex and subsite in the Netherlands Cohort Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16540. [PMID: 30410074 PMCID: PMC6224413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an energy-sensing protein, which may affect tumorigenesis. We used SIRT1 variants as time-independent indicators of SIRT1 involvement in carcinogenesis and we studied two tagging SIRT1 variants in relation to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. We also evaluated known energy balance-related CRC risk factors within SIRT1 genotype strata. The Netherlands Cohort Study includes 120,852 individuals and has 20.3 years follow-up (case-cohort: nsubcohort = 5000; nCRC cases = 4667). At baseline, participants self-reported weight, weight at age 20, height, trouser/skirt size reflecting waist circumference, physical activity, and early life energy restriction. SIRT1 rs12778366 and rs10997870 were genotyped in toenail DNA available for ~75% of the cohort. Sex- and subsite-specific Cox hazard ratios (HRs) showed that the rs12778366 CC versus TT genotype decreased CRC and colon cancer risks in women (HRCRC = 0.53, 95% confidence interval: 0.30–0.94) but not men. Multiplicative interactions were observed between SIRT1 variants and energy balance-related factors in relation to CRC endpoints, but the direction of associations was not always conform expectation nor specific to one genotype stratum. In conclusion, these results support SIRT1 involvement in colon cancer development in women. No conclusions could be made regarding a modifying effect of SIRT1 variants on associations between energy balance-related factors and CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C J M Simons
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - L J Schouten
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R W Godschalk
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F J van Schooten
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI - School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M P Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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19
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Talibov M, Sormunen J, Hansen J, Kjaerheim K, Martinsen JI, Sparen P, Tryggvadottir L, Weiderpass E, Pukkala E. Benzene exposure at workplace and risk of colorectal cancer in four Nordic countries. Cancer Epidemiol 2018; 55:156-161. [PMID: 29980027 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this case-control study was to assess the effect of occupational benzene exposure on the risk of colorectal cancer, including its subtypes. METHODS The study included 181,709 colon cancer and 109,227 rectal cancer cases diagnosed between 1961 and 2005 in Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Cases were identified from the Nordic Occupational Cancer Study (NOCCA) cohort. Five controls per case were selected from the same cohort, matched for country, birth year, and sex. Occupational benzene exposure for each study participant was estimated by linking their job titles to country specific job-exposure matrices. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by using conditional logistic regression models. The results were adjusted for physical strain at work, formaldehyde, ionizing radiation and wood dust. RESULTS Increased risk was observed for all colorectal cancer (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.05-1.18) for the high decile of cumulative benzene exposure, indicating a statistically significant dose-response relationship. This excess risk was mainly seen in ascending colon (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.13-1.43), and transversal colon (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.01-1.41). The ORs in the highest exposure category were markedly higher in women than in men in all subsites of colon and rectum. CONCLUSION This study showed an association between workplace benzene exposure and colorectal cancer. The risk was restricted to ascending and transversal colon, and was the strongest among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madar Talibov
- Faculty of Social/Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Environment and Radiation Section, Lyon, France.
| | - Jorma Sormunen
- Faculty of Social/Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Johnni Hansen
- The Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Per Sparen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Laufey Tryggvadottir
- Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway; Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Faculty of Social/Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland.
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20
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Barbieri G, Bergamaschi M, Franceschini M, Barbieri G. Feasibility of addition of polyphenol-rich vegetable extracts in whole cooked products: Benefits and drawbacks. Meat Sci 2018; 139:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Delasoie J, Rossier J, Haeni L, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Zobi F. Slow-targeted release of a ruthenium anticancer agent from vitamin B12 functionalized marine diatom microalgae. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:17221-17232. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02914h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bio-inspired drug capsules: The synthesis of a new vitamin-B12 modified biomaterial with increased static adherence properties toward cancer cell lines, allowed the targeted delivery of a poorly water-soluble ruthenium drug with an unprecedented release profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Delasoie
- Department of Chemistry
- Fribourg University
- 1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
| | - Jérémie Rossier
- Department of Chemistry
- Fribourg University
- 1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
| | | | | | - Fabio Zobi
- Department of Chemistry
- Fribourg University
- 1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
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22
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Heat-stabilised rice bran consumption by colorectal cancer survivors modulates stool metabolite profiles and metabolic networks: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2017. [PMID: 28643618 PMCID: PMC5654571 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517001106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rice bran (RB) consumption has been shown to reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) growth in mice and modify the human stool microbiome. Changes in host and microbial metabolism induced by RB consumption was hypothesised to modulate the stool metabolite profile in favour of promoting gut health and inhibiting CRC growth. The objective was to integrate gut microbial metabolite profiles and identify metabolic pathway networks for CRC chemoprevention using non-targeted metabolomics. In all, nineteen CRC survivors participated in a parallel randomised controlled dietary intervention trial that included daily consumption of study-provided foods with heat-stabilised RB (30 g/d) or no additional ingredient (control). Stool samples were collected at baseline and 4 weeks and analysed using GC-MS and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-MS. Stool metabolomics revealed 93 significantly different metabolites in individuals consuming RB. A 264-fold increase in β-hydroxyisovaleroylcarnitine and 18-fold increase in β-hydroxyisovalerate exemplified changes in leucine, isoleucine and valine metabolism in the RB group. A total of thirty-nine stool metabolites were significantly different between RB and control groups, including increased hesperidin (28-fold) and narirutin (14-fold). Metabolic pathways impacted in the RB group over time included advanced glycation end products, steroids and bile acids. Fatty acid, leucine/valine and vitamin B6 metabolic pathways were increased in RB compared with control. There were 453 metabolites identified in the RB food metabolome, thirty-nine of which were identified in stool from RB consumers. RB consumption favourably modulated the stool metabolome of CRC survivors and these findings suggest the need for continued dietary CRC chemoprevention efforts.
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Baena Ruiz R, Salinas Hernández P. Cancer chemoprevention by dietary phytochemicals: Epidemiological evidence. Maturitas 2016; 94:13-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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24
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Akinyemiju T, Moore JX, Pisu M, Lakoski SG, Shikany J, Goodman M, Judd SE. A prospective study of dietary patterns and cancer mortality among Blacks and Whites in the REGARDS cohort. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:2221-31. [PMID: 27459634 PMCID: PMC5041524 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Marked racial differences exist in dietary patterns and obesity, as well as cancer mortality. This study aims to assess whether dietary patterns are associated with cancer mortality overall and by race. We identified 22,041 participants from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort. Dietary patterns were categorized into: Convenience (Chinese and Mexican foods, pasta, pizza), Plant-based (fruits, vegetables), Southern (added fats, fried foods, sugar-sweetened beverages), Sweets/Fats (sugary foods) and Alcohol/Salads (alcohol, green-leafy vegetables, salad dressing). Using Cox regression, we examined the association between quartiles of dietary patterns and cancer mortality, adjusted for potential confounders, overall among all participants and stratified by race. A total of 873 cancer deaths were observed over the 10-year observation period: 582 (66.7%) in Whites and 291 (33.3%) in Blacks. Greater adherence to the Southern dietary pattern was associated with an increased risk of cancer mortality (4th vs. 1st quartile HR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.32-2.10) overall, especially among Whites (4th vs. 1st quartile HR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.22-2.08). The convenience (HR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.56-0.94) and Plant-based (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.55-0.93) dietary patterns were associated with up to a 28% reduced risk of cancer mortality, but only among Whites. Greater adherence to the Southern dietary pattern increased the risk of cancer mortality, while greater adherence to the convenience and Plant-based diets reduced the risk of cancer mortality among Whites. Racial differences were observed in the association between dietary patterns and cancer mortality, but warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Akinyemiju
- Departments of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
| | - Justin Xavier Moore
- Departments of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Maria Pisu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Susan G Lakoski
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention and Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - James Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Michael Goodman
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Suzanne E Judd
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Borresen EC, Brown DG, Harbison G, Taylor L, Fairbanks A, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Rao S, Bailey SM, Wdowik M, Weir TL, Brown RJ, Ryan EP. A Randomized Controlled Trial to Increase Navy Bean or Rice Bran Consumption in Colorectal Cancer Survivors. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:1269-1280. [PMID: 27689688 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1224370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of navy beans (NB) and rice bran (RB) have been shown to inhibit colon carcinogenesis. Given the overall poor diet quality in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors and low reported intake of whole grains and legumes, practical strategies to increase consumption merit attention. This study determined feasibility of increasing NB or RB intake in CRC survivors to increase dietary fiber and examined serum inflammatory biomarkers and telomere lengths. Twenty-nine subjects completed a randomized controlled trial with foods that included cooked NB powder (35 g/day), heat-stabilized RB (30 g/day), or no additional ingredient. Fasting blood, food logs, and gastrointestinal health questionnaires were collected. The amount of NB or RB consumed equated to 4-9% of subjects' daily caloric intake and no major gastrointestinal issues were reported with increased consumption. Dietary fiber amounts increased in NB and RB groups at Weeks 2 and 4 compared to baseline and to control (P ≤ 0.01). Telomere length correlated with age and HDL cholesterol at baseline, and with improved serum amyloid A (SAA) levels at Week 4 (P ≤ 0.05). This study concludes feasibility of increased dietary NB and RB consumption to levels associated with CRC chemoprevention and warrants longer-term investigations with both foods in high-risk populations that include cancer prevention and control outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C Borresen
- a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Dustin G Brown
- a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Greg Harbison
- a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Lynn Taylor
- a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Amanda Fairbanks
- a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Joanne O'Malia
- b University of Colorado Health-North Cancer Clinical Research , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Marlon Bazan
- b University of Colorado Health-North Cancer Clinical Research , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- c Department of Clinical Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Susan M Bailey
- a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Melissa Wdowik
- d Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA.,e Kendall Reagan Nutrition Center , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Tiffany L Weir
- d Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Regina J Brown
- f University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora , Colorado , USA
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA.,e Kendall Reagan Nutrition Center , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA.,g University of Colorado Cancer Center , Aurora , Colorado , USA
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Orenstein L, Chetrit A, Dankner R. Healthy Lifestyle Pattern is Protective Against 30-Yr Cancer Incidence in Men and Women: A Cohort Study. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:410-9. [PMID: 27007270 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1153673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigate associations of healthier behaviors with 30-yr cancer incidence. SUBJECTS/METHODS In 1982, 632 healthy men and women (ages 40-70) were interviewed for nutritional habits using a Food Frequency Questionnaire and a 24-h physical activity questionnaire. Blood pressure, weight, and height were measured, and blood was drawn for biochemical profiles. Thirteen and four subjects were excluded due to cancer diagnosis ≤1 yr from recruitment and extreme values of reported total daily calorie intake, respectively. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 24.2 yr, 146 cancer incident patients (23.7%) were documented. Total cancer risk was 38% lower in the medium vegetable intake tertile [adjusted hazards ratio (HR) = 0.62, 95%confidence interval (CI): 0.40-0.95], and 66% higher in the medium fruit intake tertile (adjusted HR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.08-2.55) compared to the lowest tertile. The risk of gastrointestinal cancers was 3 times greater for the highest, compared to the lowest, dairy consumption tertile (HR = 3.06, 95%CI: 1.01-9.23). "Healthy lifestyle" (normal BMI, never smoked, consuming high levels of dietary fiber and vegetables, and more physically active) reduced overall cancer risk (adjusted HR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.44-0.91) as compared to the rest of the cohort. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reinforce the importance of lifestyle-related factors, which are relatively low-cost and may contribute to reduction in the burden of malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Orenstein
- a Sackler Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health , Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Ramat Aviv , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Angela Chetrit
- b The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center , Israel
| | - Rachel Dankner
- a Sackler Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health , Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Ramat Aviv , Tel Aviv , Israel.,b The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center , Israel
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common diagnosed cancer in men and the second in women. Dietary factors and lifestyle may contribute to the increasing CRC incidence, making these issues interesting for both the general population and the medical oncology community. OBJECTIVE The aim of this report is to present a review of the published epidemiologic research to date reflecting the most current scientific evidence related to diet and CRC risk. DESIGN EMBASE and PubMed-NCBI were searched for relevant articles up to November 2014 that identified potential interactions between foods or dietary patterns and CRC risk. RESULTS Obesity increases the risk of CRC by 19%. Regular physical activity reduces this risk by 24%. CRC risk derived from red meat intake is influenced by both total intake and its frequency. Fish consumption may decrease CRC risk by 12% whereas garlic intake is not significantly associated with reduced CRC risk. Intakes of more than 20g/day of fiber are associated with a 25% reduction of CRC risk and 525mL/day of milk reduces colon cancer risk by 26% in men. Moderate amounts of alcohol (25-30g/day) increase CRC risk. CONCLUSIONS CRC is a preventable disease through the modification of associated risk factors, including physical inactivity, obesity and overweight, excessive meat intake, smoking and alcoholic beverage consumption. Nonetheless, epidemiological evidence in this regard is not conclusive so further research is warranted.
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Fu Z, Shrubsole MJ, Smalley WE, Ness RM, Zheng W. Associations between dietary fiber and colorectal polyp risk differ by polyp type and smoking status. J Nutr 2014; 144:592-8. [PMID: 24572038 PMCID: PMC4084407 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.183319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The association of dietary fiber intake with colorectal cancer risk is established. However, the association may differ between cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. We evaluated this hypothesis in a large colonoscopy-based case-control study. Dietary fiber intakes were estimated by self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs with adjustment for potential confounders. Analysis also was stratified by cigarette smoking and sex. High dietary fiber intake was associated with reduced risk of colorectal polyps (P-trend = 0.003). This association was found to be stronger among cigarette smokers (P-trend = 0.006) than nonsmokers (P-trend = 0.21), although the test for multiplicative interaction was not statistically significant (P = 0.11). This pattern of association was more evident for high-risk adenomatous polyps (ADs), defined as advanced or multiple ADs (P-interaction smoking and dietary fiber intake = 0.09). Among cigarette smokers who smoked ≥23 y, a 38% reduced risk of high-risk ADs was found to be associated with high intake of dietary fiber compared with those in the lowest quartile fiber intake group (P-trend = 0.004). No inverse association with dietary fiber intake was observed for low-risk ADs, defined as single nonadvanced ADs. Cigarette smoking may modify the association of dietary fiber intake with the risk of colorectal polyps, especially high-risk ADs, a well-established precursor of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Fu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Martha J. Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center,Vanderbilt–Ingram Cancer Center, and,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Walter E. Smalley
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Reid M. Ness
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center,Vanderbilt–Ingram Cancer Center, and,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Nashville, TN,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Baena Ruiz R, Salinas Hernández P. Diet and cancer: risk factors and epidemiological evidence. Maturitas 2013; 77:202-8. [PMID: 24374225 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet represents 30-35% of risk factors that contribute to the onset of cancer. Some foods and dietary patterns have been linked to the risk of various cancers. However epidemiological available data are not consistent for many foods and the associations with cancer risk remain unclear. The concerns about this issue are considered like a "Hot topic" for oncologists and general population. OBJECTIVE The aim of this report is to present a review of the published epidemiologic research to date reflecting the most current scientific evidence related to diet and cancer risk. DESIGN EMBASE and PubMed-NCBI were searched for relevant articles up to October 2013 that identified potentials interactions between foods or dietary patterns with cancer risk. RESULTS There is no conclusive evidence as an independent risk factor for isolated nutrients versus adoption of dietary patterns for cancer risk. Moderate physical activity after breast cancer diagnosis contributes to 40% reduction of recurrence/disease-specific mortality. Cancer colon risk derived from meat intake is influenced by both total intake and its frequency. The interaction of phenolic compounds on metabolic and signaling pathways like P450, MAP kinase, PI3 kinase, IGF-1, NF-kB and ROS seems to exert an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and tumor metastasis and induces apoptosis in various types of cancer cells, including colon, lung, prostate, hepatocellular or breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS There is a direct relationship between unhealthy diet and lifestyle with the increase of tumor development and cancer risk. For this reason, a good nutritional status based on a balanced diet constitutes one of the main preventive factors from tumors. However the mixed results from epidemiologic studies hinder to get unequivocal and consistent evidence about the interaction between diet and cancer risk. More epidemiological studies will be needed in the future to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Baena Ruiz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital La Zarzuela, Madrid, Spain.
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Body fat and risk of colorectal cancer among postmenopausal women. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:1197-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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