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Kukucka T, Ferencova N, Visnovcova Z, Ondrejka I, Hrtanek I, Kovacova V, Macejova A, Mlyncekova Z, Tonhajzerova I. Mechanisms Involved in the Link between Depression, Antidepressant Treatment, and Associated Weight Change. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4511. [PMID: 38674096 PMCID: PMC11050075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a severe mood disorder associated with a marked decrease in quality of life and social functioning, accompanied by a risk of suicidal behavior. Therefore, seeking out and adhering to effective treatment is of great personal and society-wide importance. Weight changes associated with antidepressant therapy are often cited as the reason for treatment withdrawal and thus are an important topic of interest. There indeed exists a significant mechanistic overlap between depression, antidepressant treatment, and the regulation of appetite and body weight. The suggested pathomechanisms include the abnormal functioning of the homeostatic (mostly humoral) and hedonic (mostly dopaminergic) circuits of appetite regulation, as well as causing neuromorphological and neurophysiological changes underlying the development of depressive disorder. However, this issue is still extensively discussed. This review aims to summarize mechanisms linked to depression and antidepressant therapy in the context of weight change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Kukucka
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, 03659 Martin, Slovakia; (T.K.); (I.O.); (I.H.); (V.K.); (A.M.); (Z.M.)
| | - Nikola Ferencova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (N.F.); (Z.V.)
| | - Zuzana Visnovcova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (N.F.); (Z.V.)
| | - Igor Ondrejka
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, 03659 Martin, Slovakia; (T.K.); (I.O.); (I.H.); (V.K.); (A.M.); (Z.M.)
| | - Igor Hrtanek
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, 03659 Martin, Slovakia; (T.K.); (I.O.); (I.H.); (V.K.); (A.M.); (Z.M.)
| | - Veronika Kovacova
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, 03659 Martin, Slovakia; (T.K.); (I.O.); (I.H.); (V.K.); (A.M.); (Z.M.)
| | - Andrea Macejova
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, 03659 Martin, Slovakia; (T.K.); (I.O.); (I.H.); (V.K.); (A.M.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zuzana Mlyncekova
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, 03659 Martin, Slovakia; (T.K.); (I.O.); (I.H.); (V.K.); (A.M.); (Z.M.)
| | - Ingrid Tonhajzerova
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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López-Herrera JA, Castillo AN, Ordoñez-Betancourth JE, Martínez Quiroz WDJ, Higuita-Gutiérrez LF, Suarez-Ortegon MF. Metabolically Unhealthy Normal Weight: Prevalence and Associated Factors in an Adult Population from Northwest Colombia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1337-1357. [PMID: 38525161 PMCID: PMC10959303 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s449213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Individuals with a normal weight may have metabolic alterations at risk for chronic non-communicable diseases. The prevalence of this condition and associated factors have not been reported in Latin American populations. We aimed to estimate the presence and associated factors of Metabolically Unhealthy Normal Weight (MUNW) in adults from a public program for the control and prevention of chronic diseases in Medellín, Colombia. Methods Cross-sectional study. Overweight and normal weight were characterized according to the absence or presence of one or more components of the metabolic syndrome, obtaining four phenotypes: Metabolically Healthy Normal Weight (MHNW), MUNW (phenotype of interest), Metabolically Healthy Overweight (MHO), and Metabolically Unhealthy Overweight (MUO). The association of these phenotypes with sociodemographic variables of lifestyles and increased waist circumference was conducted by using logistic regression. Results In 37,558 individuals (72.7% women), the prevalence of MUNW was 23.3%. Among the additional phenotypes, MUO was found to be more prevalent (71.6%), while MHNW and MHO were very slightly common, 2% and 3.1%, respectively. In a multiple model, the factors associated with MUNW were age over 60 years (trend [OR 1.56 95% CI 0.97-2.52] p-value = 0.066), living in a rural area ([OR 1.58 95% CI 1.09-2.29] p-value = 0.015), and increased waist circumference ([OR 1.68 95% CI 1.45-1.95] p-value < 0.001). Male gender was inversely associated with all phenotypes (P < 0.05). Conclusion Almost a quarter of the analyzed population presented MUNW. People living in a rural area and over 60 years old were more likely to present MUNW. Men were less likely to present the weight phenotypes studied, although they could have been underrepresented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Andrés López-Herrera
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Seccional Cali, Cali, Colombia
| | - Adriana Nathaly Castillo
- Departamento de nutrición y dietética, Institución Universitaria Escuela Nacional del Deporte, Cali, Colombia
| | | | | | - Luis Felipe Higuita-Gutiérrez
- School of Medicine, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
- School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Milton F Suarez-Ortegon
- Departamento de Alimentación y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Seccional Cali, Cali, Colombia
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Han K, Gao L, Xu H, Li J, Han L, Shen J, Sun W, Gao Y. Analysis of the association between urinary glyphosate exposure and fatty liver index: a study for US adults. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:703. [PMID: 38443890 PMCID: PMC10916137 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent condition that often goes unrecognized in the population, and many risk factors for this disease are not well understood. Glyphosate (GLY) is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and exposure to this chemical in the environment is significant. However, studies exploring the association between GLY exposure and NAFLD remain limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the association between urinary glyphosate (uGLY) level and fatty liver index (FLI) using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which includes uGLY measurements. METHODS The log function of uGLY was converted and expressed as Loge(uGLY) with the constant "e" as the base and used for subsequent analysis. The association between Loge(uGLY) (the independent variable) level and FLI (the dependent variable) was assessed by multiple linear regression analysis. Smoothing curve fitting and a generalized additive model were used to assess if there was a nonlinear association between the independent and the dependent variables. A subgroup analysis was used to find susceptible individuals of the association between the independent variable and the dependent variable. RESULTS A final total of 2238 participants were included in this study. Participants were categorized into two groups (< -1.011 and ≥ -1.011 ng/ml) based on the median value of Loge(uGLY). A total of 1125 participants had Loge(uGLY) levels ≥ -1.011 ng/ml and higher FLI. The result of multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive association between Loge(uGLY) and FLI (Beta coefficient = 2.16, 95% CI: 0.71, 3.61). Smoothing curve fitting and threshold effect analysis indicated a linear association between Loge(uGLY) and FLI [likelihood ratio(LLR) = 0.364]. Subgroup analyses showed that the positive association between Loge(uGLY) and FLI was more pronounced in participants who were female, aged between 40 and 60 years, had borderline diabetes history, and without hypertension history. In addition, participants of races/ethnicities other than (Mexican American, White and Black) were particularly sensitive to the positive association between Loge(uGLY) and FLI. CONCLUSIONS A positive linear association was found between Loge(uGLY) level and FLI. Participants who were female, 40 to 60 years old, and of ethnic backgrounds other than Mexican American, White, and Black, deserve more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexing Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Long Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Honghai Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Lianxiu Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Jiapei Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Weijie Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Yufeng Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, China.
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Madlala HP, Myer L, Geffen H, Meyer D, Mendham AE, Goedecke JH, Bengtson AM, Jao J, Dugas LR. Measurement of body composition in postpartum South African women living with and without HIV infection. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1280425. [PMID: 38385007 PMCID: PMC10879415 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1280425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background While several methodologies are available to measure adiposity, few have been validated in sub-Saharan African (SSA) and none in postpartum African women living with HIV (WLHIV). We compared bioelectrical impendence analysis (BIA) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP) against dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in South African women and examined differences by HIV and body mass index (BMI) status. Methods Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) test was used to examine fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), and total body fat percent (%BF) difference between BIA vs. DXA, and ADP vs. DXA in women living with HIV (n = 57) and without HIV (n = 25). The Bland Altman test was used to assess mean differences and the direction of bias. Results The median age was 31 years (IQR, 26-35) and months postpartum were 11 (IQR, 7-16), 44% of the women had obesity. Lin's CCC for BIA and ADP vs. DXA were both 0.80 for %BF and 0.97 for FM, and 0.86 and 0.80 for FFM, respectively. Mean differences (DXA-BIA and ADP estimates) were 0.22 ± 4.54% (p = 0.54) and 3.35 ± 3.27% (p < 0.01) for %BF, -0.82 ± 3.56 kg (p = 0.06) and 1.43 ± 2.68 kg (p = 0.01) for FM, -1.38 ± 3.61 kg (p = 0.01) and - 3.34 ± 2.37 kg (p < 0.01) for FFM, respectively. BIA overestimated %BF in WLHIV and underestimated it in women with obesity. Conclusion Body composition measurements using BIA and ADP correlated well with DXA, thereby providing alternative, safe tools for measuring postpartum FM and FFM in SSA women, including WLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hlengiwe P. Madlala
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Landon Myer
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hayli Geffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Demi Meyer
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amy E. Mendham
- Riverland Academy of Clinical Excellence (RACE), Riverland Mallee Coorong Local Health Network, South Australia Health, Berri, SA, Australia
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), FIMS International Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julia H. Goedecke
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), FIMS International Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Angela M. Bengtson
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jennifer Jao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lara R. Dugas
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
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Morales-Carrizales DA, Gopar-Cuevas Y, Loera-Arias MDJ, Saucedo-Cardenas O, Montes de Oca-Luna R, Garcia-Garcia A, Rodriguez-Rocha H. A neuroprotective dose of trehalose is harmless to metabolic organs: comprehensive histopathological analysis of liver, pancreas, and kidney. Daru 2023; 31:135-144. [PMID: 37393413 PMCID: PMC10624785 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00468-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide synthesized by lower organisms. It has recently received special attention because of its neuroprotective properties by stimulating autophagy in Parkinson's disease (PD) models. Therefore, evaluating whether trehalose affects metabolic organs is vital to determine its neurotherapeutic safety. METHODS We validated the trehalose neuroprotective dosage in a PD model induced with intraperitoneal paraquat administration twice weekly for 7 weeks. One week before paraquat administration, mice were treated with trehalose in the drinking water and continued along with paraquat treatment. Histological and morphometrical analyses were conducted on the organs involved in trehalose metabolism, including the liver, pancreas, and kidney. RESULTS Paraquat-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss was significantly decreased by trehalose. After trehalose treatment, the liver morphology, the mononucleated/binucleated hepatocytes percentage, and sinusoidal diameter remained unchanged in each liver lobes. Endocrine and exocrine pancreas's histology was not affected, nor was any fibrotic process observed. The islet of Langerhans's structure was preserved when analyzing the area, the largest and smallest diameter, and circularity. Renal morphology remained undamaged, and no changes were identified within the glomerular basement membrane. The renal corpuscle structure did not suffer alterations in the Bowman's space, area, diameter, circularity, perimeter, and cellularity. Besides, the renal tubular structures's luminal area and internal and external diameter were preserved. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that systemic trehalose administration preserved the typical histological architecture of the organs involved in its metabolism, supporting its safety as a potential neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Armando Morales-Carrizales
- Departamento de Histologia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Yareth Gopar-Cuevas
- Departamento de Histologia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Maria de Jesus Loera-Arias
- Departamento de Histologia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Odila Saucedo-Cardenas
- Departamento de Histologia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Roberto Montes de Oca-Luna
- Departamento de Histologia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Aracely Garcia-Garcia
- Departamento de Histologia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| | - Humberto Rodriguez-Rocha
- Departamento de Histologia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Francisco I. Madero S/N, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
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Elmaleh-Sachs A, Schwartz JL, Bramante CT, Nicklas JM, Gudzune KA, Jay M. Obesity Management in Adults: A Review. JAMA 2023; 330:2000-2015. [PMID: 38015216 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.19897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Importance Obesity affects approximately 42% of US adults and is associated with increased rates of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, sleep disorders, osteoarthritis, and premature death. Observations A body mass index (BMI) of 25 or greater is commonly used to define overweight, and a BMI of 30 or greater to define obesity, with lower thresholds for Asian populations (BMI ≥25-27.5), although use of BMI alone is not recommended to determine individual risk. Individuals with obesity have higher rates of incident cardiovascular disease. In men with a BMI of 30 to 39, cardiovascular event rates are 20.21 per 1000 person-years compared with 13.72 per 1000 person-years in men with a normal BMI. In women with a BMI of 30 to 39.9, cardiovascular event rates are 9.97 per 1000 person-years compared with 6.37 per 1000 person-years in women with a normal BMI. Among people with obesity, 5% to 10% weight loss improves systolic blood pressure by about 3 mm Hg for those with hypertension, and may decrease hemoglobin A1c by 0.6% to 1% for those with type 2 diabetes. Evidence-based obesity treatment includes interventions addressing 5 major categories: behavioral interventions, nutrition, physical activity, pharmacotherapy, and metabolic/bariatric procedures. Comprehensive obesity care plans combine appropriate interventions for individual patients. Multicomponent behavioral interventions, ideally consisting of at least 14 sessions in 6 months to promote lifestyle changes, including components such as weight self-monitoring, dietary and physical activity counseling, and problem solving, often produce 5% to 10% weight loss, although weight regain occurs in 25% or more of participants at 2-year follow-up. Effective nutritional approaches focus on reducing total caloric intake and dietary strategies based on patient preferences. Physical activity without calorie reduction typically causes less weight loss (2-3 kg) but is important for weight-loss maintenance. Commonly prescribed medications such as antidepressants (eg, mirtazapine, amitriptyline) and antihyperglycemics such as glyburide or insulin cause weight gain, and clinicians should review and consider alternatives. Antiobesity medications are recommended for nonpregnant patients with obesity or overweight and weight-related comorbidities in conjunction with lifestyle modifications. Six medications are currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for long-term use: glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 (GLP-1) agonists (semaglutide and liraglutide only), tirzepatide (a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/GLP-1 agonist), phentermine-topiramate, naltrexone-bupropion, and orlistat. Of these, tirzepatide has the greatest effect, with mean weight loss of 21% at 72 weeks. Endoscopic procedures (ie, intragastric balloon and endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty) can attain 10% to 13% weight loss at 6 months. Weight loss from metabolic and bariatric surgeries (ie, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) ranges from 25% to 30% at 12 months. Maintaining long-term weight loss is difficult, and clinical guidelines support the use of long-term antiobesity medications when weight maintenance is inadequate with lifestyle interventions alone. Conclusion and Relevance Obesity affects approximately 42% of adults in the US. Behavioral interventions can attain approximately 5% to 10% weight loss, GLP-1 agonists and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/GLP-1 receptor agonists can attain approximately 8% to 21% weight loss, and bariatric surgery can attain approximately 25% to 30% weight loss. Comprehensive, evidence-based obesity treatment combines behavioral interventions, nutrition, physical activity, pharmacotherapy, and metabolic/bariatric procedures as appropriate for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Elmaleh-Sachs
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Innovation, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Family Health Centers at NYU Langone, New York, New York
| | - Jessica L Schwartz
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carolyn T Bramante
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis
| | - Jacinda M Nicklas
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - Kimberly A Gudzune
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Melanie Jay
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Innovation, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- New York Harbor Veteran Affairs, New York, New York
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Su B, Gao G, Wang M, Lu Y, Li L, Chen C, Chen Y, Song C, Yu F, Li Y, Liu Y, Luo Y, He H, Cheng C, Xu L, Zhang T, Sun L, Liu A, Xia W, Qin Y, Zhao Q, Wei H, Cai W, Chen Y, Zhang F, Wu H. Efficacy and safety of ainuovirine versus efavirenz combination therapies with lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for medication of treatment-naïve HIV-1-positive adults: week 48 results of a randomized controlled phase 3 clinical trial followed by an open-label setting until week 96. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2023; 36:100769. [PMID: 37547039 PMCID: PMC10398592 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Ainuovirine (ANV) is a new non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), which was initially synthesized in Korea and later further developed in both Korea and China. Methods A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, positive parallel group, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial was conducted in 7 sites across China. Eligible HIV-1-positive antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve adults aged 18-65 years were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and lamivudine (TDF+3TC) in combination with either ANV (ANV group) or efavirenz (EFV group) for up to 48 weeks. Subsequently, participants in both groups received one of the two drug combinations according to their choice until week 96 in an observational study under an open-label setting. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants achieving HIV RNA <50 copies/mL at week 48, with non-inferiority pre-specified at a margin of 10%. The secondary efficacy endpoints were logarithmic changes in HIV RNA, percentage of participants with HIV RNA levels ≤400 copies/mL and changes in the CD4 T-cell count after 48 and 96 weeks of treatment, as well as the percentage of participants with HIV RNA levels <50 copies/mL at 96 weeks of treatment. Safety endpoints were the incidence of adverse events and laboratory abnormalities evaluated according to the Division of AIDS criteria. This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR1800019041). Findings Between November 27, 2018 and March 11, 2021, a total of 826 participants were screened, and 630 were finally enrolled and randomly assigned (1:1) to either ANV (n = 315) or EFV (n = 315) groups. The mean age was 30.6 ± 9.4 years and most participants were male (94.6%). At week 48, 274 (87.0%) of 315 participants in the ANV group and 288 (91.7%) of 314 in the EFV group achieved HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL and non-inferiority was established (difference: -4.7%, 95% CI: -9.6 to 0.1%). In the period, 293 participants continued to take the ANV regimen and 287 switched from the EFV to the ANV regimen. During the open-label period, 92.5% (271/293) of participants in the continued ANV group and 95.1% (273/287) in the ANV to EFV transfer group remained virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) at week 96 (p = 0.189). The incidence of NNRTI treatment-related adverse events (TEAEs) at week 48 was 67.6% in 315 participants in the ANV group, which was significantly lower than in 91.4% of 314 participants in the EFV group (p < 0.001). The most common TEAEs (weeks 0-48) were dizziness (10.5%) and dyslipidemia (22.2%) in the ANV group vs. 51.0% and 34.4% in the EFV group, respectively, followed by transaminase elevation (9.2% vs. 29.0%), γ-glutamyl transferase elevation (8.3% vs. 19.1%), and rash (7.9% vs. 18.8%) (all p < 0.001). After switching from EFV to ANV, TEAEs in the former EFV participants were significantly reduced in the following observational period of 48-96 weeks. Interpretation The week 48 results indicated that the efficacy of ANV was non-inferior to EFV when combined with two NRTIs. The per-protocol risk difference at week 48 for the primary endpoint also supported non-inferiority. TEAEs in ANV treated participants were less frequent with regard to liver toxicity, dyslipidemia, neuropsychiatric symptoms and rash compared to the EFV group during the first 48 weeks of therapy. The effects were maintained during the 48-96 weeks of therapy. Funding Jiangsu Aidea Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Su
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Guiju Gao
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of HIV/AIDS, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, China
| | - Yanqiu Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, 400036, China
| | - Linghua Li
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infectious Disease Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450015, China
| | - Chuan Song
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Fengting Yu
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of HIV/AIDS, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- Institute of HIV/AIDS, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, 400036, China
| | - Haolan He
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Cong Cheng
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infectious Disease Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450015, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - An Liu
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, 400036, China
| | - Qingxia Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infectious Disease Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450015, China
| | - Hongxia Wei
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Weiping Cai
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, 400036, China
| | - Fujie Zhang
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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8
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Cerdas Pérez S. Menopause and diabetes. Climacteric 2023; 26:216-221. [PMID: 37011666 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2023.2184252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last 20 years, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has tripled in adults aged 20-79 years, affecting more than 25% of people over 50 years of age and especially women during menopause. After the menopause transition, women gain weight, increasing abdominal fat and decreasing lean body mass, with a significant reduction in energy expenditure. Increased insulin resistance and hyperinsulinism characterize this period, aggravated by an increase in plasma proinflammatory cytokines and free fatty acids, and a state of relative hyperandrogenism. Previous recommendations systematically excluded women with T2DM from menopause hormone therapy (MHT); new evidence confirms that MHT significantly reduces the diagnosis of new-onset T2DM and may be beneficial in terms of glycemic control when used for menopause symptom management in patients with pre-existing T2DM. A comprehensive and individualized approach is considered the first line of management for women during this period, especially in T2DM patients or in women at risk of developing the disease. The objectives of this presentation are to review the etiopathogenic factors involved in the increased incidence of new cases of T2DM during menopause, the impact of menopause on T2DM and the role of MHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cerdas Pérez
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Cima San José, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
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9
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Ambery P, Adamsson Eryd S, Jenkins-Jones S, Heywood B, Berni E, Brown MN, Astbury C, Hunt P, Currie CJ. The absolute risk of incident type 2 diabetes following exposure to systemic corticosteroids in selected steroid-related and phenotypic groups. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:2222-2231. [PMID: 35791627 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Exposure to corticosteroids is known to increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. We estimated the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in selected patient groups exposed to systemic corticosteroids. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a retrospective, observational cohort study, using real-world data from UK primary care, patients were selected who had at least one episode of exposure to oral or intravenous corticosteroids for any indication. Corticosteroid-exposed patients were matched with non-exposed patients. Relative dosage was estimated as a weight-based, prednisolone-equivalent dose. Crude rates of progression to type 2 diabetes were determined for patient groups defined by relevant steroid-related and phenotypic characteristics present at corticosteroid exposure. RESULTS Overall, rates of incidence of type 2 diabetes were 12.5 and 6.7 events per thousand person-years' (pkpy) exposure, respectively, in those who received at least one dose of corticosteroids versus those never exposed. This represented a rate ratio of 1.85 (95% CI 1.74-1.97). The incidence of type 2 diabetes was found to be associated with several of the selected characteristics, both individually and multi-dimensionally. The highest rate of incident type 2 diabetes was observed in very severely obese men aged 46-55 years having had the longest corticosteroid exposure and highest corticosteroid dose (190 incident events pkpy exposure). CONCLUSIONS Corticosteroid exposure increased the risk of incident type 2 diabetes, and there was evidence of both a dose-response and a duration response. The impact of corticosteroid exposure upon the rate of incident type 2 diabetes appeared, however, to involve a complex, multi-dimensional interaction between the selected characteristics, some of which might be impacted by reverse causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Ambery
- Late-stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ben Heywood
- Global Epidemiology, Pharmatelligence, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ellen Berni
- Global Epidemiology, Pharmatelligence, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mary N Brown
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carol Astbury
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Phillip Hunt
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, CVRM Evidence, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Craig J Currie
- Global Epidemiology, Pharmatelligence, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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10
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Abdelazez A, Alshehry G, Algarni E, Al Jumayi H, Abdel-Motaal H, Meng XC. Postbiotic Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid and Camel Milk Intervention as Innovative Trends Against Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Streptozotocin-Induced C57BL/6J Diabetic Mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:943930. [PMID: 35898909 PMCID: PMC9313471 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.943930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a serious disease that threatens human health worldwide. The study hypothesis is to investigate the novel trends that may aid in the prevention of diabetic complications. Camel milk was presented as traditional functional food, and Lactobacillus brevis KLDS1.0727 and KLDS1.0373 strains were shown to synthesize postbiotic Gamma-aminobutyric acid as a potential food additive, which can therapeutically intervene against hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in streptozotocin-induced C57BL/6J mice. During a four-week timeframe, body weight and postprandial blood glucose levels were monitored. Post-euthanasia, blood plasma was obtained to investigate hyperlipidemia, insulin concentrations, liver, and renal functions. The liver, pancreas, kidney, and spleen underwent histopathological examinations. The results demonstrated that KLDS1.0727 and KLDS1.0373 (LACS1, LACS2) and camel milk treatments all had a significant influence on hypoglycemic activity, as evidenced by reduced postprandial blood glucose levels. LACS1, LACS2, and camel milk therapy significantly reduced blood hypolipidemic, and some liver enzymes such as (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase) levels. Therefore, we recommend consuming camel milk regularly and expanding its use with fermented foods containing L. brevis, one of the probiotics capable of producing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as future food additives that can improve human health and reduce the prevalence of several diseases disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro Abdelazez
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Microbe and Host Health, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, Agriculture Research Centre, Animal Production Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Amro Abdelazez,
| | - Garsa Alshehry
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Algarni
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Al Jumayi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Abdel-Motaal
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Microbe and Host Health, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Department of Microbiology, Agriculture Research Center, Soils, Water, Environment and Microbiology Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Xiang-Chen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Xiang-Chen Meng,
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11
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Encarnação IGA, Cerqueira MS, Silva DAS, Marins JCB, Magalhães PM. Prediction of body fat in adolescents: validity of the methods relative fat mass, body adiposity index and body fat index. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1651-1659. [PMID: 34558017 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify the validity of anthropometric methods body adiposity index (BAI), relative fat mass (RFM) and body fat index (BFI) to estimate body fat percentage (%BF) in adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out with 420 Brazilian adolescents aged 15-19 years, stratified by age (< 18 years, n = 356; ≥ 18 years, n = 64) and sex (boys, n = 216; girls, n = 204). The Anthropometric measurements height, body weight, hip circumference and waist circumference were collected to calculate the %BF by BAI, RFM, BFI methods. Subsequently, %BF was measured by dual emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), adopted as a reference method. In the statistical analysis of the data, the Pearson correlation test and the paired t test between %BF obtained by the equations and by the DXA were performed. The method validation criterion was that 68% of individuals should be within an acceptable error range of ± 3.5% of BF and Cohen's Kappa index ≥ 0.61. Additionally, the Bland-Altman graphical analysis was performed. RESULTS All methods showed a high correlation with DXA. For the Kappa index, only the RFM reached the criterion in the total sample (0.67) and in the sample < 18 years (0.68). None of the methods reached the criterion of 68% of the sample within the error range of ± 3.5% of BF. CONCLUSION The BAI, RFM and BFI equations were not valid for predicting BF in the studied sample according to the criteria adopted regardless of sex or age. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irismar G A Encarnação
- School of Education, Campus Santa Apolónia, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal. .,School of Education, Campus Santa Apolónia, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Matheus S Cerqueira
- Campus Rio Pomba, Federal Institute Southeast of Minas Gerais, Rio Pomba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diego A S Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - João C B Marins
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Magalhães
- School of Education, Campus Santa Apolónia, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
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12
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D’Alessandro C, Benedetti A, Di Paolo A, Giannese D, Cupisti A. Interactions between Food and Drugs, and Nutritional Status in Renal Patients: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14010212. [PMID: 35011087 PMCID: PMC8747252 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs and food interact mutually: drugs may affect the nutritional status of the body, acting on senses, appetite, resting energy expenditure, and food intake; conversely, food or one of its components may affect bioavailability and half-life, circulating plasma concentrations of drugs resulting in an increased risk of toxicity and its adverse effects, or therapeutic failure. Therefore, the knowledge of these possible interactions is fundamental for the implementation of a nutritional treatment in the presence of a pharmacological therapy. This is the case of chronic kidney disease (CKD), for which the medication burden could be a problem, and nutritional therapy plays an important role in the patient’s treatment. The aim of this paper was to review the interactions that take place between drugs and foods that can potentially be used in renal patients, and the changes in nutritional status induced by drugs. A proper definition of the amount of food/nutrient intake, an adequate definition of the timing of meal consumption, and a proper adjustment of the drug dosing schedule may avoid these interactions, safeguarding the quality of life of the patients and guaranteeing the effectiveness of drug therapy. Hence, a close collaboration between the nephrologist, the renal dietitian, and the patient is crucial. Dietitians should consider that food may interact with drugs and that drugs may affect nutritional status, in order to provide the patient with proper dietary suggestions, and to allow the maximum effectiveness and safety of drug therapy, while preserving/correcting the nutritional status.
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13
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Changes in body weight and metabolic risk during time restricted feeding in premenopausal versus postmenopausal women. Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111545. [PMID: 34478825 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time restricted feeding (TRF) involves confining the eating window to a specific number of hours, and fasting for the remaining hours of the day. OBJECTIVE This study examined if changes in body weight and metabolic risk factors during TRF, differ between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of an 8-week TRF study (4-6 h eating window, 18-20 h fasting window daily) conducted in adults with obesity. Male participants were excluded, and female subjects were classified in two groups based on menstrual status: premenopausal (n = 13), or postmenopausal (n = 19). Perimenopausal women were excluded from the original study. RESULTS Body weight decreased by week 8 in premenopausal women (-3.3 ± 0.4%) and postmenopausal women (-3.3 ± 0.5%) (main effect of time, P < 0.001), with no difference between groups (no group × time interaction). Adherence was excellent in both groups, with premenopausal women adhering to their prescribed eating window on 6.2 ± 0.1 d/week, and postmenopausal women adhering to their window on 6.2 ± 0.2 d/week. Fat mass, lean mass, fasting insulin, insulin resistance, and 8-isoprostane (marker of oxidative stress) were reduced similarly in both groups (main effect of time, P < 0.05 for all comparisons). Visceral fat mass, relative skeletal muscle index (RSMI), blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, HbA1c, TNF-alpha and IL-6 remained unchanged in both groups by week 8. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the weight loss and metabolic benefits of TRF do not differ between premenopausal and postmenopausal women with obesity.
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14
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Mengeste AM, Rustan AC, Lund J. Skeletal muscle energy metabolism in obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1582-1595. [PMID: 34464025 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Comparing energy metabolism in human skeletal muscle and primary skeletal muscle cells in obesity, while focusing on glucose and fatty acid metabolism, shows many common changes. Insulin-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and primary myotubes is decreased by obesity, whereas differences in basal glucose metabolism are inconsistent among studies. With respect to fatty acid metabolism, there is an increased uptake and storage of fatty acids and a reduced complete lipolysis, suggesting alterations in lipid turnover. In addition, fatty acid oxidation is decreased, probably at the level of complete oxidation, as β -oxidation may be enhanced in obesity, which indicates mitochondrial dysfunction. Metabolic changes in skeletal muscle with obesity promote metabolic inflexibility, ectopic lipid accumulation, and formation of toxic lipid intermediates. Skeletal muscle also acts as an endocrine organ, secreting myokines that participate in interorgan cross talk. This review highlights interventions and some possible targets for treatment through action on skeletal muscle energy metabolism. Effects of exercise in vivo on obesity have been compared with simulation of endurance exercise in vitro on myotubes (electrical pulse stimulation). Possible pharmaceutical targets, including signaling pathways and drug candidates that could modify lipid storage and turnover or increase mitochondrial function or cellular energy expenditure through adaptive thermogenic mechanisms, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel M Mengeste
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild C Rustan
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jenny Lund
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Abstract
Global warming and the rising prevalence of obesity are well described challenges of current mankind. Most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic arose as a new challenge. We here attempt to delineate their relationship with each other from our perspective. Global greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fossil fuels have exponentially increased since 1950. The main contributors to such greenhouse gas emissions are manufacturing and construction, transport, residential, commercial, agriculture, and land use change and forestry, combined with an increasing global population growth from 1 billion in 1800 to 7.8 billion in 2020 along with rising obesity rates since the 1980s. The current Covid-19 pandemic has caused some decline in greenhouse gas emissions by limiting mobility globally via repetitive lockdowns. Following multiple lockdowns, there was further increase in obesity in wealthier populations, malnutrition from hunger in poor populations and death from severe infection with Covid-19 and its virus variants. There is a bidirectional relationship between adiposity and global warming. With rising atmospheric air temperatures, people typically will have less adaptive thermogenesis and become less physically active, while they are producing a higher carbon footprint. To reduce obesity rates, one should be willing to learn more about the environmental impact, how to minimize consumption of energy generating carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, and to reduce food waste. Diets lower in meat such as a Mediterranean diet, have been estimated to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 72%, land use by 58%, and energy consumption by 52%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A. Koch
- Department of Medicine, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science
Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Correspondence Prof. Christian A. Koch, FACP,
MACE Department of
Medicine/EndocrinologyFox Chase Cancer
Center333 Cottman
AvePhiladelphia, PA
19111USA
| | - Pankaj Sharda
- Department of Medicine, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
| | - Jay Patel
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science
Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sriram Gubbi
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Michael J. Bartel
- Department of Medicine, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
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16
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Ramos-Lopez O, Milton-Laskibar I, Martínez JA. Precision nutrition based on phenotypical traits and the (epi)genotype: nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic approaches for obesity care. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2021; 24:315-325. [PMID: 33859118 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this article is to rationally review and critically appraise the current knowledge in the most relevant nongenetic and genetic factors influencing obesity predisposition. This information may be translated into the implementation of personalized nutrition approaches involving precision nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic strategies for obesity monitoring and weight management. RECENT FINDINGS The importance and influence of several nongenetic contributors to obesity onset and individual responses to weight-loss interventions have been highlighted including the role of age, sex or perinatal feeding and others related to an individual's lifestyle and modifiable. Nutrigenetic studies have analysed potential interactions between polymorphisms influencing energy homeostasis/body composition and dietary factors in relation to adiposity phenotypes and therapy responsiveness. A second approach comprises the Nutrigenomic analysis of gene expression modifications in response to the consumption of specific nutrients or dietary bioactive compounds, which may involve epigenetic mechanisms including deoxyribonucleic acid methylation and micro-ribonucleic acid expression profiles. SUMMARY Taken together, these findings encompass the importance of taking into account up-to-date advances in Nutrigenetic and Nutrigenomic hallmarks, globally analysing the risk of weight gain and related outcomes after following nutrition counselling, this contributing to improve obesity care considering phenotypical traits and the genetic make-up for precision obesity care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Iñaki Milton-Laskibar
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA- Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM + CSIC, Spanish National Research Council
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA- Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM + CSIC, Spanish National Research Council
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Spain
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