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Gouveia AS, Codeço CT, Ferreira FADS, Cortés JJC, Luz SLB. Diflubenzuron larvicide auto-dissemination: A modeling study. Acta Trop 2024:107325. [PMID: 39032848 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Proposing substitutes for Pyriproxyfen (PPF) in the auto-dissemination strategy is essential to ensure the continuity of the strategy in the field, especially in the case of the emergence of populations resistant to this larvicide. One possible substitute among the compounds already in use in Brazil is the larvicide Diflubenzuron (DFB). The equation that defines the proportion of oviposition sites (habitats) contaminated by the auto-dissemination strategy was modified to account for the number of visits required to reach the necessary concentration of DFB for contamination, considering scenarios with varying numbers of oviposition sites and mosquito densities. The dissemination was evaluated in oviposition sites of 2L, 1.5L, 1L, 0.5L, 0.2L, and 0.1L. The minimum concentration of active ingredient (a.i) of DFB required for a commercial product to contaminate at least 50% of oviposition sites was also investigated, along with the impact of other vector control methods, such as the removal/destruction of oviposition sites and the use of insecticides to kill adult 'females, on the auto-dissemination approach. The use of pure DFB compounds enabled contamination efficiency of more than 50% in oviposition sites with a volume of less than 2L in scenarios with fewer oviposition sites. On the other hand, with the use of the commonly used concentration of the product, similar efficacy was only achieved in oviposition sites of 0.1L and 0.2L in medium and high infestation scenarios. Strategies that reduce the number of available oviposition sites work synergistically with the auto-dissemination strategy, making it possible to use less concentrated products and contaminated sites of larger volume. The strategy proved to be resilient in situations of insecticide application according to the concentration of DFB used, abundance of females, and low number of oviposition sites. Increasing the number of dissemination traps on the field also contributes to better results, especially for oviposition sites of 0.5L and 1L. The results of the model obtained under the stipulated conditions provide further support for the potential use of DFB as a substitute for PPF in the auto-dissemination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayrton Sena Gouveia
- Núcleo PReV Amazônia - Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia; Programa de Computação Científica da Fiocruz - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
| | - Cláudia Torres Codeço
- Programa de Computação Científica da Fiocruz - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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2
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Kashiwagi GA, von Oppen S, Harburguer L, González-Audino P. The main component of the scent of Senecio madagascariensis flowers is an attractant for Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:837-846. [PMID: 35792561 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485322000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is one of the main vectors of arboviruses, including dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. It almost exclusively inhabits urban areas. Both sexes feed on plant carbohydrates, although for males, this is their only food source. In the case of floral nectars, mosquitoes locate plant sugar sources assisted by volatile compounds. In this work, we found that the floral scent of Senecio madagascariensis elicited a behavioral response in males; therefore, we focused on identifying the volatiles emitted by these flowers. The terpenes (±)-α-pinene, β-pinene, sabinene, and phellandrene and 1-alkenes 1-undecene, and 1-nonene were identified. To determine which compounds are bioactive, pure synthetic lures were assessed using an olfactometer. Only the main compound 1-nonene was an attractant for males. Since our goal was the introduction of synthetic floral-based attractants in toxic sugar-baited traps, we formulated 1-nonene in solid paraffin and stearin matrices to obtain a controlled release system. The bioassay with a toxicological end point showed that the incorporation of a feeding attractant to the toxic sugar trap increased overall mortality. These results suggest that it is possible to use plant volatile compounds or flower cuttings as male Ae. aegypti attractants to improve the efficacy of baited traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Kashiwagi
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CONICET-CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397, B1603ALO Villa Martelli, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S von Oppen
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CONICET-CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397, B1603ALO Villa Martelli, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Harburguer
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CONICET-CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397, B1603ALO Villa Martelli, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P González-Audino
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CONICET-CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397, B1603ALO Villa Martelli, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Gesto JSM, Pinto SB, Dias FBS, Peixoto J, Costa G, Kutcher S, Montgomery J, Green BR, Anders KL, Ryan PA, Simmons CP, O'Neill SL, Moreira LA. Large-Scale Deployment and Establishment of Wolbachia Into the Aedes aegypti Population in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:711107. [PMID: 34394061 PMCID: PMC8356046 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.711107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional methods of vector control have proven insufficient to reduce the alarming incidence of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya in endemic countries. The bacterium symbiont Wolbachia has emerged as an efficient pathogen-blocking and self-dispersing agent that reduces the vectorial potential of Aedes aegypti populations and potentially impairs arboviral disease transmission. In this work, we report the results of a large-scale Wolbachia intervention in Ilha do Governador, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. wMel-infected adults were released across residential areas between August 2017 and March 2020. Over 131 weeks, including release and post-release phases, we monitored the wMel prevalence in field specimens and analyzed introgression profiles of two assigned intervention areas, RJ1 and RJ2. Our results revealed that wMel successfully invaded both areas, reaching overall infection rates of 50-70% in RJ1 and 30-60% in RJ2 by the end of the monitoring period. At the neighborhood-level, wMel introgression was heterogeneous in both RJ1 and RJ2, with some profiles sustaining a consistent increase in infection rates and others failing to elicit the same. Correlation analysis revealed a weak overall association between RJ1 and RJ2 (r = 0.2849, p = 0.0236), and an association at a higher degree when comparing different deployment strategies, vehicle or backpack-assisted, within RJ1 (r = 0.4676, p < 0.0001) or RJ2 (r = 0.6263, p < 0.0001). The frequency knockdown resistance (kdr) alleles in wMel-infected specimens from both areas were consistently high over this study. Altogether, these findings corroborate that wMel can be successfully deployed at large-scale as part of vector control intervention strategies and provide the basis for imminent disease impact studies in Southeastern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Silveira Moledo Gesto
- Grupo Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno Vetor, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,World Mosquito Program, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sofia B Pinto
- Grupo Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno Vetor, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,World Mosquito Program, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Braga Stehling Dias
- World Mosquito Program, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Gabinete da Presidência, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julia Peixoto
- World Mosquito Program, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Simon Kutcher
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacqui Montgomery
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin R Green
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine L Anders
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter A Ryan
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Cameron P Simmons
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Scott L O'Neill
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Luciano Andrade Moreira
- Grupo Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno Vetor, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,World Mosquito Program, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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4
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Reduced competence to arboviruses following the sustainable invasion of Wolbachia into native Aedes aegypti from Southeastern Brazil. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10039. [PMID: 33976301 PMCID: PMC8113270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89409-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Field release of Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti has emerged as a promising solution to manage the transmission of dengue, Zika and chikungunya in endemic areas across the globe. Through an efficient self-dispersing mechanism, and the ability to induce virus-blocking properties, Wolbachia offers an unmatched potential to gradually modify wild Ae. aegypti populations turning them unsuitable disease vectors. Here we describe a proof-of-concept field trial carried out in a small community of Niterói, greater Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Following the release of Wolbachia-infected eggs, we report here a successful invasion and long-term establishment of the bacterium across the territory, as denoted by stable high-infection indexes (> 80%). We have also demonstrated that refractoriness to dengue and Zika viruses, either thorough oral-feeding or intra-thoracic saliva challenging assays, was maintained over the adaptation to the natural environment of Southeastern Brazil. These findings further support Wolbachia's ability to invade local Ae. aegypti populations and impair disease transmission, and will pave the way for future epidemiological and economic impact assessments.
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5
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Lim JT, Han Y, Sue Lee Dickens B, Ng LC, Cook AR. Time varying methods to infer extremes in dengue transmission dynamics. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008279. [PMID: 33044957 PMCID: PMC7595636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an arbovirus affecting global populations. Frequent outbreaks occur, especially in equatorial cities such as Singapore, where year-round tropical climate, large daily influx of travelers and population density provide the ideal conditions for dengue to transmit. Little work has, however, quantified the peaks of dengue outbreaks, when health systems are likely to be most stretched. Nor have methods been developed to infer differences in exogenous factors which lead to the rise and fall of dengue case counts across extreme and non-extreme periods. In this paper, we developed time varying extreme mixture (tvEM) methods to account for the temporal dependence of dengue case counts across extreme and non-extreme periods. This approach permits inference of differences in climatic forcing across non-extreme and extreme periods of dengue case counts, quantification of their temporal dependence as well as estimation of thresholds with associated uncertainties to determine dengue case count extremities. Using tvEM, we found no evidence that weather affects dengue case counts in the near term for non-extreme periods, but that it has non-linear and mixed signals in influencing dengue through tvEM parameters in the extreme periods. Using the most appropriate tvEM specification, we found that a threshold at the 70th (95% credible interval 41.1, 83.8) quantile is optimal, with extreme events of 526.6, 1052.2 and 1183.6 weekly case counts expected at return periods of 5, 50 and 75 years. Weather parameters at a 1% scaled increase was found to decrease the long-run expected case counts, but larger increases would lead to a drastic expected rise from the baseline correspondingly. The tvEM approach can provide valuable inference on the extremes of time series, which in the case of infectious disease notifications, allows public health officials to understand the likely scale of outbreaks in the long run. Dengue is an arbovirus affecting populations across much of the globe. Frequent outbreaks occur, especially in equatorial cities such as Singapore, where the year-round tropical climate, large daily influx of travelers and population density provide the ideal conditions for dengue transmission. Little work has however quantified the peaks of dengue outbreaks, when health systems are likely to be most stretched. Nor have methods been developed to infer differences in exogenous factors which lead to the rise and fall of dengue case counts across extreme and non extreme periods. In this paper, we developed time varying extreme mixture (tvEM) methods to account for the temporal dependence of dengue case counts across extreme and non-extreme periods. tvEM is able to infer differences in climatic forcing across non-extreme and extreme periods of dengue case counts, their temporal dependence as well as estimate suitable thresholds with associated uncertainties to determine dengue case count extremities. Using tvEM, we found no evidence that weather affects dengue case counts in the near term for non extreme periods, but has non-linear and mixed signals in influencing dengue through tvEM parameters in the extreme periods. Using the most appropriate tvEM specification, we found that a high percentile threshold is estimated, with dengue outbreak events far larger than currently observed to be expected in 5, 50 and 75 years. Weather parameters at a 1% scaled increase was found to decrease the long-run expected case counts, but larger increases would lead to a drastic expected rise from the baseline correspondingly. tvEM can provide valuable inference on the extremes of time series, which in the case of infectious disease data, allows public health officials to understand factors and the likely scale of infectious disease outbreaks in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Tao Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
- * E-mail:
| | - Yiting Han
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Borame Sue Lee Dickens
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Lee Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environmental Agency, Singapore
| | - Alex R. Cook
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
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6
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Danis-Lozano R, Díaz-González EE, Malo-García IR, Rodríguez MH, Ramos-Castañeda J, Juárez-Palma L, Ramos C, López-Ordóñez T, Mosso-González C, Fernández-Salas I. Vertical transmission of dengue virus in Aedes aegypti and its role in the epidemiological persistence of dengue in Central and Southern Mexico. Trop Med Int Health 2019; 24:1311-1319. [PMID: 31483936 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the main mosquito species responsible for dengue virus (DENV) transmission to humans in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The role of vertical transmission in the epidemiology of dengue and the maintenance of this arbovirus in nature during interepidemic periods remain poorly understood, and DENV vertical transmission could sustain the existence of virus reservoirs within Aedes populations. METHODS Between April 2011 and October 2012, we monitored vertical transmission of DENV in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in 9 cities of 4 Mexican states. Aedes eggs were collected in ovitraps, then adults were reared under laboratory conditions and their heads were used to infect C6/36 cells. The presence of flavivirus was detected by immunofluorescence assays (IFA), and DENV infection was confirmed by RT-PCR. RESULTS About 96% of reared adults were Ae. aegypti and 4.0% were Ae. albopictus. No infection was detected in Ae. albopictus, whereas 54 of 713 (7.8%) of Ae. aegypti pools tested positive. A minimum infection rate (MIR) of 2.52 per 1000 mosquitoes was estimated for Ae. aegypti. DENV-1, DENV-2 & DENV-3 serotypes were detected even during interepidemic periods. CONCLUSIONS This study reports the evidence of vertical transmission of dengue virus with viral isolation and molecular confirmation in Ae. aegypti eggs collected in four endemic regions of Central and Southern Mexico. Vertical transmission may play a role as a reservoir mechanism during mosquito dormancy in interepidemic periods but with minor participation in transmission during epidemic periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio Danis-Lozano
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Esteban E Díaz-González
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Monterrey, Apodaca, Nuevo León, México
| | - Iliana R Malo-García
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Mario Henry Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - José Ramos-Castañeda
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Lilia Juárez-Palma
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Celso Ramos
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Teresa López-Ordóñez
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Clemente Mosso-González
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Ildefonso Fernández-Salas
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
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7
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Brelsfoard CL, Mains JW, Mulligan S, Cornel A, Holeman J, Kluh S, Leal A, Hribar LJ, Morales H, Posey T, Dobson SL. Aedes aegypti Males as Vehicles for Insecticide Delivery. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10080230. [PMID: 31374806 PMCID: PMC6722502 DOI: 10.3390/insects10080230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti continues to spread globally and remains a challenge to control, in part due to its ‘cryptic behavior’ in that it often deposits eggs (oviposits) in larval habitats that are difficult to find and treat using traditional methods. Auto-dissemination strategies target these cryptic breeding sites by employing mosquitoes to deliver lethal doses of insecticide. This report describes the initial field trials of an application known as Autodissemination Augmented by Males (ADAM), utilizing A. aegypti males dusted with pyriproxyfen (PPF). Findings presented here are drawn from both caged and field trial studies. Together, these trials examined for the ability of A. aegypti males to disseminate PPF and to impact field populations. PPF-dusted males were able to effectively deliver lethal doses of PPF to oviposition sites under the conditions tested. Results from field trials in Florida and California demonstrated reduced A. aegypti populations in treated areas, compared to areas where PPF-treated males were not released. These results indicate that the release of PPF-dusted A. aegypti males can impact A. aegypti populations as measured by both reduced larval survival and lower numbers of adult female A. aegypti. We propose the ADAM approach as an addition to existing mosquito control techniques targeting A. aegypti and other mosquitoes that utilize cryptic larval habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James W Mains
- MosquitoMate, Inc., 2520 Regency Rd., Lexington, KY 40503, USA
| | - Steve Mulligan
- Consolidated Mosquito Abatement District, 2425 Floral Ave., Selma, CA 93662, USA
| | - Anthony Cornel
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis; Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jodi Holeman
- Consolidated Mosquito Abatement District, 2425 Floral Ave., Selma, CA 93662, USA
| | - Susanne Kluh
- Greater Los Angeles Vector Control District, 12545 Florence Ave., Santa Fe Springs, CA 90670, USA
| | - Andrea Leal
- Florida Keys Mosquito Control District, 18 Aquamarine Drive, Key West, FL 33040, USA
| | - Lawrence J Hribar
- Florida Keys Mosquito Control District, 18 Aquamarine Drive, Key West, FL 33040, USA
| | - Harold Morales
- Greater Los Angeles Vector Control District, 12545 Florence Ave., Santa Fe Springs, CA 90670, USA
| | - Tanya Posey
- Greater Los Angeles Vector Control District, 12545 Florence Ave., Santa Fe Springs, CA 90670, USA
| | - Stephen L Dobson
- MosquitoMate, Inc., 2520 Regency Rd., Lexington, KY 40503, USA
- Entomology Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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8
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Gonzalez PV, Alvarez Costa A, Harburguer LV, Masuh HM. Quantitative Evaluation of the Behavioral Response to Attractant and Repellent Compounds in Anopheles pseudopunctipennis and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:1388-1395. [PMID: 30753516 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mosquito Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (Theobald) is the principal vector for malaria in Latin-America. Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is the key vector of four important arboviral diseases: dengue, yellow fever, Zika, and chikungunya. Controlling larval stages to reduce the production of new adult mosquitoes is part of the integrated vector management strategies. However, there are few studies about the olfactory behavior on immature stages of mosquitoes, especially in An. pseudopunctipennis. In this work, we have evaluated the behavior of An. pseudopunctipennis and Ae. aegypti larvae in response to attractant or repellent stimuli through a video-tracking analysis. We used the software EthoVision to obtain behavioral variables related to the swimming activity, such as distance, speed, and mobility status. The response to the repellents stimulus results in an increase of the swimming activity and the absolute angular velocity in both species. Otherwise, the responses to the possible attractants stimulus results in a decrease of the activity of the larvae only for Ae. aegypti. The effects of these compounds were weaker in Anopheles; probably as a consequence of their adaptations to different aquatic ecosystems. The study of the larval olfactory response could contribute to the development of new control tools based on 'push-pull' strategies by 'pushing' mosquitoes away from certain places using repellents, and 'pulling' them towards other places like traps baited with attractive cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CONICET- CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Alvarez Costa
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CONICET- CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L V Harburguer
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CONICET- CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H M Masuh
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CONICET- CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Alvarez Costa A, Gonzalez PV, Harburguer LV, Masuh HM. Effects of Temephos, Permethrin, and Eucalyptus nitens Essential Oil on Survival and Swimming Behavior of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 55:1098-1104. [PMID: 29873741 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An essential strategy to deal with mosquito-borne diseases is the control of larvae in their development sites. The mosquitoes Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae), a malaria vector, and Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae), vector of dengue, Zika, yellow fever, and chikungunya viruses, breed in very different habitats. Insecticide treatments of mosquito larvae focus mainly on their lethal effects. However, insecticide degradation or the poor dosage of larvicides will invariably lead to the sublethal exposure of a target (and nontarget) species, the nonlethal effects of these compounds may have important effects on vital insect activities, and therefore their evaluation is necessary. In this study, we assessed the survival and swimming behavior of larvae of Ae. aegypti and An. pseudopunctipennis exposed to increasing concentrations of three larvicides. We found that Ae. aegypti, was more sensitive to the larvicides than An. pseudopunctipennis, we also observed an overall decrease in the movement of those larvae of both species, which survive the treatments. This decrease might have ecological relevance in their natural habitats, increasing the chance to be predated and decreasing their ability to obtain food. Finally, this information will be valuable to assist authorities to make decisions in the implementation of further control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Alvarez Costa
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (UNIDEF-CONICET- CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula V Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (UNIDEF-CONICET- CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura V Harburguer
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (UNIDEF-CONICET- CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor M Masuh
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (UNIDEF-CONICET- CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Corte RL, Melo VAD, Dolabella SS, Marteis LS. Variation in temephos resistance in field populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in the State of Sergipe, Northeast Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2018; 51:284-290. [PMID: 29972557 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0449-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The organophosphate temephos was first used in Brazil in the 1960s for the control of Aedes aegypti. Because of its extensive and longstanding use worldwide, selection for mosquito populations resistant to the chemical has been observed not only in different regions of Brazil but also in several parts of the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to the organophosphate temephos, a larvicide used in vector control activities in Sergipe/Northeast Brazil. METHODS This study included mosquito populations from seven municipalities of Sergipe and was carried out from October 2010 to August 2011. Qualitative bioassays of diagnostic dose and dose responses were performed. The resistance ratio was calculated based on lethal concentrations for mosquitoes of the susceptible Rockefeller strain. RESULTS All populations were classified as resistant to temephos. The resistance ratio ranged from 22.2 to 297.9, the lowest being seen in Aracaju, a coastal area of the state, and the highest in Pinhão, a semi-arid region, 96.6km from Aracaju. CONCLUSIONS High levels of temephos resistance were observed in the Ae. aegypti populations of Sergipe. The variation between regions indicates that there have been different regimes of insecticide use and also points to the potential of small cities to generate and spread insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseli La Corte
- Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | | | - Silvio Santana Dolabella
- Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - Leticia Silva Marteis
- Colegiado de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brasil
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11
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Gesto JSM, Araki AS, Caragata EP, de Oliveira CD, Martins AJ, Bruno RV, Moreira LA. In tune with nature: Wolbachia does not prevent pre-copula acoustic communication in Aedes aegypti. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:109. [PMID: 29471864 PMCID: PMC5824586 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mosquito-borne diseases are rapidly spreading to vast territories, putting at risk most of the world’s population. A key player in this scenario is Aedes aegypti, a hematophagous species which hosts and transmits viruses causing dengue and other serious illnesses. Since vector control strategies relying only on insecticides have proven unsustainable, an alternative method involving the release of Wolbachia-harboring individuals has emerged. Its successful implementation vastly depends on how fit the released individuals are in the natural habitat, being able to mate with wild populations and to spread Wolbachia to subsequent generations. In mosquitoes, an important aspect of reproductive fitness is the acoustic communication between males and females, which translates to interactions between harmonic frequencies in close proximity flight. This study aimed to characterize the flight tone produced by individuals harboring Wolbachia, also evaluating their ability to establish stable acoustic interactions. Methods Wild-type (WT) and Wolbachia-harboring specimens (wMelBr) were thorax-tethered to blunt copper wires and placed at close proximity to sensitive microphones. Wing-beat frequencies (WBFs) were characterized at fundamental and harmonic levels, for both single individuals and couples. Harmonic interactions in homogeneous and heterogeneous couples of WT and wMelBr variants were identified, categorized and quantified accordingly. Results In tethered ‘solo’ flights, individuals harboring Wolbachia developed WBFs, differing slightly, in a sex-dependent way, from those of the WT strain. To test the ability to form harmonic ‘duets’, tethered couples of wMelBr and WT individuals were shuffled in different sex pairs and had their flight tones analyzed. All couple types, with WT and/or wMelBr individuals, were able to interact acoustically in the frequency range of 1300–1500 Hz, which translates to the convergence between male’s second harmonic and female’s third. No significant differences were found in the proportions of interacting couples between the pair types. Surprisingly, spectrograms also revealed the convergence between alternative harmonic frequencies, inside and outside the species putative hearing threshold. Conclusions Wolbachia infection leads to small sex-dependent changes on the flight tones of Ae. aegypti, but it does not seem to prevent the stereotyped harmonic interaction between males and females. Therefore, when released in the natural habitat to breed with native individuals, Wolbachia-harboring individuals shall be fit enough to meet the criteria of acoustically-related mating behavior and promote bacteria dispersion effectively. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2695-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Silveira Moledo Gesto
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Instituto de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alejandra Saori Araki
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eric Pearce Caragata
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Instituto de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Caroline Dantas de Oliveira
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Instituto de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ademir Jesus Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM)/CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Vieira Bruno
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM)/CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciano Andrade Moreira
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Instituto de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM)/CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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12
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Carvalho FD, Moreira LA. Why is Aedes aegypti Linnaeus so Successful as a Species? NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:243-255. [PMID: 28401481 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-017-0520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes impose enormous burden towards human morbidity and mortality. Over the last three decades, Brazil has suffered from severe Dengue epidemics. In September 2014, this situation is further complicated by the introduction of two other viruses, Zika and Chikungunya, placing Brazil in a triple epidemic. In this article, we discuss the biology of Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, and the principal initiatives currently used to control mosquito populations and the diseases they transmit. Aedes aegypti has broad global distribution and is involved in the transmission of various arboviral diseases such as Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya. Several factors contribute to the success of the species, particularly behavioral plasticity, rapid development, desiccation-resistant eggs, resistance to the principle insecticide classes currently available on the market, preference for the urban environment, and proximity to humans. Vector control programs are the best way to reduce the burden of mosquito-borne diseases. Chemical control is most commonly used in recent times, and unfortunately, the results have not been satisfactory but instead, there is increased vector dispersal and, subsequently, the spread of disease epidemics. Investigations of alternative control methods such as release of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes for blocking vector-borne pathogens, release of transgenic mosquitoes carrying a lethal gene for offspring, and the use of insecticide-dispersing mosquitoes are under way in Brazil, and some have shown promising results. Special emphasis should be placed on integrated management of all available tactics, so as to maximize efforts towards mosquito control. Finally, we emphasize that continuous actions and community participation control initiatives are critically important for success.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Carvalho
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (CPqRR / Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - L A Moreira
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (CPqRR / Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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13
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Gonzalez PV, Alvarez Costa A, Masuh HM. A Video-Tracking Analysis-Based Behavioral Assay for Larvae of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:793-797. [PMID: 28399206 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (L.) is the primary vector of dengue, yellow fever, Zika, and chikungunya viruses, whereas Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (Theobald) is the principal vector for malaria in Latin America. The larval stage of these mosquitoes occurs in very different development habitats, and the study of their respective behaviors could give us valuable information to improve larval control. The aim of this study was to set up a bioassay to study basic larval behaviors using a video-tracking software. Larvae of An. pseudopunctipennis came from two localities in Salta Province, Argentina, while Ae. aegypti larvae were of the Rockefeller laboratory strain. Behaviors of individual fourth-instar larvae were documented in an experimental petri dish arena using EthoVision XT10.1 video-tracking software. The overall level of movement of larval An. pseudopunctipennis was lower than that for Ae. aegypti, and, while moving, larval An. pseudopunctipennis spent significantly more time swimming near the wall of the arena (thigmotaxis). This is the first study that analyzes the behavior of An. pseudopunctipennis larvae. The experimental system described here may be useful for future studies on the effect of physiological, toxicological, and chemosensory stimuli on larval behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula V Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (UNIDEF-CITEDEF-CONICET-CIPEIN), Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397 (B1603ALO), Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina (; ; )
| | - Agustín Alvarez Costa
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (UNIDEF-CITEDEF-CONICET-CIPEIN), Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397 (B1603ALO), Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina (; ; )
| | - Héctor M Masuh
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (UNIDEF-CITEDEF-CONICET-CIPEIN), Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397 (B1603ALO), Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina (; ; )
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14
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Steffler LM, Dolabella SS, Ribolla PEM, Dreyer CS, Araújo ED, Oliveira RG, Martins WFS, La Corte R. Genetic variability and spatial distribution in small geographic scale of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) under different climatic conditions in Northeastern Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:530. [PMID: 27716392 PMCID: PMC5050563 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of the genetic structure of Aedes aegypti is essential to understanding their population dynamics as well as for the analysis of factors responsible for their resistance and ecological adaptation. The use of molecular markers in identifying differences amongst populations of Ae. aegypti in different geographical areas as well as the temporal variation of the vector populations has contributed to the improvement of vector control strategies. The present study aims to determine the genetic variability of Ae. aegypti populations in a small geographical area (state of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil) by means of inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) molecular markers. RESULTS ISSR markers revealed a more heterogeneous pattern of genetic diversity among the populations with an expected heterozygosity (H E) ranging from 0.261 ± 0.03 to 0.120 ± 0.032, while a similar trend was detected through SNPs across populations with an H E between 0.375 ± 0.054 and 0.269 ± 0.042. The population's genetic differentiation assessed with ISSR and SNP markers indicated a very low structuring among the populations with the highest diversity observed within the populations 72 % (ISSR) and 92 % (SNP). Clustering analysis also suggested little variation among populations: the seven populations were grouped into only three ISSR clusters and a single panmictic group based on SNP markers. The present study identified a close relationship between the populations, which probably results mainly from passive gene flow between mosquitoes from distinct geographic regions, influenced by humans commuting along roads. CONCLUSIONS There was an intense migration of mosquitos across municipalities, leading to a potential increase in risk of arbovirus and insecticide resistance associated-alleles spreading between mosquito populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizandra Makowski Steffler
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Mal Rondon s/n, CEP 49.100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Silvio Santana Dolabella
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Mal Rondon s/n, CEP 49.100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.,Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Mal Rondon s/n, CEP 49.100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rubião Junior, CP 510, CEP 18618-900, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carine Spenassatto Dreyer
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rubião Junior, CP 510, CEP 18618-900, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilson Divino Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Mal Rondon s/n, CEP 49.100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Mal Rondon s/n, CEP 49.100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Rosane Gomes Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Mal Rondon s/n, CEP 49.100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Walter Fabrício Silva Martins
- Departamento de Biologia/CCBS, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, R. Baraúnas 351, Campina Grande, CEP 58.429-500, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Roseli La Corte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Mal Rondon s/n, CEP 49.100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil. .,Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Mal Rondon s/n, CEP 49.100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
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15
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Reegan AD, Gandhi MR, Sivaraman G, Cecilia KF, Ravindhran R, Balakrishna K, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S. Bioefficacy of ecbolin A and ecbolin B isolated from Ecbolium viride (Forsk.) Alston on dengue vector Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasite Epidemiol Control 2016; 1:78-84. [PMID: 29988190 PMCID: PMC5991860 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecbolin A and ecbolin B were isolated from ethyl acetate extract of Ecbolium viride (Forsk.) Alston root and evaluated for larvicidal and growth disturbance activities against Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae). For larvicidal activity, the third instar larvae of A. aegypti were exposed to different concentrations viz., 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 ppm for each compound. Among the two compounds screened, ecbolin B recorded highest larvicidal activity with LC50 and LC90 values of 0.70 and 1.42 ppm, respectively. In control, the larval behaviour was normal. The active compound ecbolin B was tested for growth disruption activity at sub lethal concentrations viz., 0.5, 1.0 ppm and observed for malformation like larval gut elongation, larval longevity, intermediates, malformed adults, failed adult emergence and compared with methoprene. The results showed significant level of larva-pupa intermediates, pupa-adult intermediates, malformed adult emergence and less adult formation against A. aegypti. The histopathological results revealed a severe damage on the midgut epithelial columnar cells (CC) and cuboidal cells (CU) in ecbolin B treated larvae of A. aegypti. Similarly peritrophic membrane (pM) was also observed to be damaged in the treated larvae. The present results suggest that, ecbolin B could be used as a larvicidal agent against dengue vector A. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Appadurai Daniel Reegan
- Division of vector control, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
- National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, ROH&FW, Govt. of India, Besant Nagar, Chennai 600 090, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Munusamy Rajiv Gandhi
- Division of vector control, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govindan Sivaraman
- Division of vector control, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ramalingam Ravindhran
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, India
| | - Kedike Balakrishna
- Division of vector control, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Michael Gabriel Paulraj
- Division of vector control, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu
- Division of vector control, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
- Visiting Professor Programme, Deanship of Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Hussain A, Zhang M, Üçpunar HK, Svensson T, Quillery E, Gompel N, Ignell R, Grunwald Kadow IC. Ionotropic Chemosensory Receptors Mediate the Taste and Smell of Polyamines. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002454. [PMID: 27145030 PMCID: PMC4856413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to find and consume nutrient-rich diets for successful reproduction and survival is fundamental to animal life. Among the nutrients important for all animals are polyamines, a class of pungent smelling compounds required in numerous cellular and organismic processes. Polyamine deficiency or excess has detrimental effects on health, cognitive function, reproduction, and lifespan. Here, we show that a diet high in polyamine is beneficial and increases reproductive success of flies, and we unravel the sensory mechanisms that attract Drosophila to polyamine-rich food and egg-laying substrates. Using a combination of behavioral genetics and in vivo calcium imaging, we demonstrate that Drosophila uses multisensory detection to find and evaluate polyamines present in overripe and fermenting fruit, their favored feeding and egg-laying substrate. In the olfactory system, two coexpressed ionotropic receptors (IRs), IR76b and IR41a, mediate the long-range attraction to the odor. In the gustatory system, multimodal taste sensation by IR76b receptor and GR66a bitter receptor neurons is used to evaluate quality and valence of the polyamine providing a mechanism for the fly’s high attraction to polyamine-rich and sweet decaying fruit. Given their universal and highly conserved biological roles, we propose that the ability to evaluate food for polyamine content may impact health and reproductive success also of other animals including humans. Polyamines are beneficial nutrients for reproduction, cognition, and lifespan. This study reveals that insects are highly attracted to them and identify their sources through an ancient class of ionotropic receptors on their smell and taste organs. Animals, including humans, evaluate food by its smell and taste. Odors and tastes not only signal the presence of food, they also reveal details about the type and amount of nutrients contained in it. A preference for certain foods frequently reflects the specific metabolic needs of an animal. Among the important but less known compounds that animals consume with their diet are polyamines. These pungent smelling molecules are essential for reproduction, development, and cognition. Interestingly, they are also produced by the cell and body, but their levels decline with age. A diet high in polyamines can improve age-related memory deficits and loss of fertility. We have used the model fly Drosophila melanogaster to unravel if and how animals detect polyamines in their food and environment, and which role this detection plays in their food choice behavior. Polyamine levels are particularly high in the fly’s favorite food and egg-laying substrate, overripe and decaying fruit. We found that food supplemented with polyamines indeed improves the reproductive success of a fly couple. We show that Drosophila is highly attracted to polyamines and uses them to identify promising egg-laying and feeding sites. It detects them through an ancient clade of receptor proteins on its olfactory and taste organs. We speculate that other animals can also detect polyamines and use their smell and taste to identify sources of these beneficial nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashiq Hussain
- Sensory Neurogenetics Research Group, Max-Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Mo Zhang
- Sensory Neurogenetics Research Group, Max-Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Habibe K. Üçpunar
- Sensory Neurogenetics Research Group, Max-Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Svensson
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Elsa Quillery
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Gompel
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rickard Ignell
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Ilona C. Grunwald Kadow
- Sensory Neurogenetics Research Group, Max-Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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