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Horne S, Shaheen AF, Baltzopoulos B, Hills L. The netball injury evidence base: a scoping review of methodologies and recommendations for future approaches. Syst Rev 2024; 13:203. [PMID: 39090698 PMCID: PMC11295446 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02629-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Netball is a sport with a large participation base and a high risk of injuries. Effective injury prevention strategies are dependent upon a clear understanding of injury issues, aetiology and mechanisms, requiring robust research methodologies to ensure a reliable evidence base. This scoping review aims to identify the characteristics and range of netball injury research methodologies, to inform recommendations for future research. METHODS A systematic search of SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, CINAHL and Academic Search Complete, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, from 1985 to May 2023 identified relevant studies. Inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed studies assessing injury incidence, aetiology and mechanisms in netball. RESULTS Following screening, 65 studies were included (68% descriptive epidemiology, 32% analytic epidemiology). Descriptive epidemiology reported data from hospital/clinic and insurance databases (57%) and netball competitions (43%). Only two studies used ongoing, systematic injury surveillance in netball cohorts, and significant heterogeneity existed in study designs, data collection methods, injury definitions and injury incidence rates calculations. Studies assessed a limited number of risk factors (descriptive competition studies: median: n = 4; analytic studies median: n = 6), with 76% using a simplistic reductionist approach to determine causality. Basic descriptions and retrospective recall of injury mechanisms reduced accuracy. Only two studies conducted comprehensive assessments of injury mechanisms using video-based methods. CONCLUSION To establish an accurate netball injury evidence base, future research should prioritise the development of reliable, continuous surveillance systems. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement guidelines are recommended for accurate injury data collection and reporting. A multifactorial approach should be adopted to assess the complex interaction between multiple risk factors, player load and the injury inciting event. Comprehensive descriptions of injury mechanisms using video methods, alongside descriptions from medical staff are recommended. This information is crucial for developing targeted prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Horne
- Department of Life Sciences, Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Aliah Faisal Shaheen
- Department of Life Sciences, Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Bill Baltzopoulos
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Canterbury, UK
| | - Laura Hills
- Department of Life Sciences, Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK
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Dang Y, Chen R, Koutedakis Y, Wyon MA. The Efficacy of Physical Fitness Training on Dance Injury: A Systematic Review. SPORTVERLETZUNG SPORTSCHADEN : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT FUR ORTHOPADISCH-TRAUMATOLOGISCHE SPORTMEDIZIN 2024; 38:129-139. [PMID: 39151410 PMCID: PMC11329298 DOI: 10.1055/a-2305-5759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Greater levels of physical fitness have been linked to improved dance performance and decreased injury incidence. The aim was to review the efficacy of physical fitness training on dance injury. The electronic databases CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure were used to search peer-reviewed published articles in English or Chinese. Studies were scored using Strength of the Evidence for a Conclusion and a risk bias checklist. 10 studies met the inclusion criteria from an initial 2450 publications. These studies offered physical fitness training for professional (n = 3) and pre-professional dancers (n = 7), participant sample size ranged between 5 to 62, ages from 11 to 27 years, and most participants were females. Assessment scores were classified as Fair (n = 1), Limited (n = 7), and Expert Opinion Only (n = 2) and risk of bias scores ranged from 22.7-68.2 %. After physical fitness training, 80 % of studies reported significant benefits in injury rate, the time between injuries, pain intensity, pain severity, missed dance activities and injury count. This review suggests that physical fitness training could have a beneficial effect on injury incidence in dance. The evidence is limited by the current study methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Dang
- Faculty of Humanities, Beijing Dance Academy, Walsall, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Ruoling Chen
- Institute of Health, University of Wolverhampton Faculty of Education Health and Wellbeing, Walsall, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | | | - Matthew Alexander Wyon
- Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Research, National Institute of Dance Medicine and Science, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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McDonald J, Bennett H, Fuller J, Jones S, Debenedictis T, Chalmers S. Changes in injury and illness incidence and burden in elite junior male Australian footballers over a 6-year period. J Sci Med Sport 2024:S1440-2440(24)00248-2. [PMID: 39097511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to determine a contemporary multi-year junior Australian football (AF) injury and illness profile and secondly, explore changes in incidence and burden over the six-year period. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS This study involved an elite male junior Under-18 competition and included six seasons of injury data between 2015 and 2021. A total of 1559 eligible players were included in the analysis. An injury was defined as 'any physical or medical condition that resulted in a player missing one or more regular competition season matches.' A Poisson regression model determined injury and illness incidence and burden across the league over a 6-year period and explored changes in injury incidence and burden over time. RESULTS The frequency of injuries was 1023 over the six seasons. The most frequently reported injuries were ankle sprain or joint injuries (26.5 injuries/season), hamstring strains (15.8 injuries/season), and concussion (15.1 injuries/season). The most burdensome injuries were ankle sprain or joint injuries with 82.5 missed matches/season, followed by anterior cruciate ligament injuries with 53.7 missed matches/season and hamstring strains with 46.9 missed matches/season. Injury incidence did not change for the most common injury types over time (all p > 0.05). Injury burden significantly increased for concussions, ACL injuries, MCL injuries, and ankle sprain or joint injuries (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The multi-year injury surveillance methodology identified injuries with the highest consistent incidence and those that caused the most burden to elite male junior AF players. The results can be used to reliably guide future injury prevention methodologies to reduce the impact on players and clubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica McDonald
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Hunter Bennett
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Australia. https://twitter.com/_HunterBennett_
| | - Joel Fuller
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Stephen Jones
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Tom Debenedictis
- South Australian National Football League, Australia. https://twitter.com/tommyd_90
| | - Samuel Chalmers
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Australia.
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Bibby K, Kenny IC, Cahalan R, Purtill H, Comyns TM. Contact Breast Injuries Among Female Athletes: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2024; 54:1921-1930. [PMID: 38693460 PMCID: PMC11258151 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02027-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Robust surveillance of injury aetiology and epidemiology is recognised as fundamental for effective injury reduction and management programmes. However, while sex-specific differences in injury type and nature are noted in the literature, it is unclear if these are reflected in surveillance practices, and how the athlete is affected. OBJECTIVE Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review contact breast injuries (CBIs) among adult female athletes. METHODS The following databases were searched: PubMed, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus including MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus. The literature search was conducted in May 2023 and the search was limited to articles in the English and German language. Studies including female athletes, aged 18 years and above, in any sports (team or individual) at any level (amateur, semi-professional and professional), where an occurrence of CBI was documented were included. Studies were included irrespective of their investigated timeframes (e.g. the whole career, one or multiple seasons). Findings were categorised (e.g. sport, level of competition and investigated timeframe of the study) to enable possible comparisons. Case studies were excluded due to the non-generalisability of findings. RESULTS Of the six studies included, rugby codes (rugby union, rugby league and rugby sevens) had the highest occurrence rate (62.0%) of CBIs among eight different investigated sports (rugby codes 62.0%, softball 59.5%, Australian Football League (AFL) 51.0%, water polo 50.0%, soccer 46.7%, basketball 27.6-48.8%, volleyball 34.6%, boxing 0.0%). Between 25.6% and 62.0% of participants reported incurring a CBI and between 0.0% and 42.9% of CBIs were reported to a medical professional or support staff. The reported treatment rate for CBIs ranged between 0.0% and 2.1%, The main mechanisms for CBIs (where reported) were contact with another athlete (AFL 37.6%, rugby codes 56%) the ball (AFL 31.6%, rugby codes 25.5%) and the ground (AFL 6.6%, rugby codes 22%). Between 18.2% and 48% of the participants reported that CBIs negatively affected their performance. Risk factors increasing CBIs were positional differences, larger breast size and higher body mass index (BMI). In-season injury data collection and surveillance supported through education of both players and medical staff were identified to be of relevance for future CBI prevention. None of the studies reported incidence rate. CONCLUSION Despite the frequent occurrence of CBIs among female athletes, reporting and treatment remains low. Awareness and education of all stakeholders are fundamental to ensuring better breast safety in female sport. Identifying the mechanics, severity and risk factors of CBIs through thorough injury surveillance must be a focus of further research. REGISTRATION The study was preregistered on Open Science Framework (OSF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Bibby
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Ian C Kenny
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Lero, The Science Foundation Ireland Centre for Software Research, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Róisín Cahalan
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Helen Purtill
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Tom M Comyns
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Suo X, Tang W, Li Z. Motion Capture Technology in Sports Scenarios: A Survey. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2947. [PMID: 38733052 PMCID: PMC11086331 DOI: 10.3390/s24092947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Motion capture technology plays a crucial role in optimizing athletes' skills, techniques, and strategies by providing detailed feedback on motion data. This article presents a comprehensive survey aimed at guiding researchers in selecting the most suitable motion capture technology for sports science investigations. By comparing and analyzing the characters and applications of different motion capture technologies in sports scenarios, it is observed that cinematography motion capture technology remains the gold standard in biomechanical analysis and continues to dominate sports research applications. Wearable sensor-based motion capture technology has gained significant traction in specialized areas such as winter sports, owing to its reliable system performance. Computer vision-based motion capture technology has made significant advancements in recognition accuracy and system reliability, enabling its application in various sports scenarios, from single-person technique analysis to multi-person tactical analysis. Moreover, the emerging field of multimodal motion capture technology, which harmonizes data from various sources with the integration of artificial intelligence, has proven to be a robust research method for complex scenarios. A comprehensive review of the literature from the past 10 years underscores the increasing significance of motion capture technology in sports, with a notable shift from laboratory research to practical training applications on sports fields. Future developments in this field should prioritize research and technological advancements that cater to practical sports scenarios, addressing challenges such as occlusion, outdoor capture, and real-time feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Suo
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;
| | - Weidi Tang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;
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Andersen TR, Drevsfeldt A, Möller S, Møller M. Injuries in male youth football: a one season prospective cohort study of 223 Danish elite players. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1250223. [PMID: 38164442 PMCID: PMC10757927 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1250223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study prospectively investigated injury prevalence, incidence, and burden in male elite under-17 football players (N = 223) during a full season. Methods The players weekly completed a standardized web-based injury survey (OSTRC-H2) and a physical exposure report throughout the study. Results Average weekly response rate was 89.5%. Football exposure accounted for 52.4% of total physical exposure. On average (±SD), the players participated in individual football, strength, and rehabilitation practices for 1.2 ± 1.5, 3.0 ± .2.1, and 1.9 ± 3.4 h/week, respectively. In total, 742 health problems were reported. Mean weekly prevalence of health problems, injuries and illnesses were 20.1%, 16.5% and 3.8%, respectively. The injury incidence per 1,000 h of football exposure, match play and team practice were 8.28 (95% CI: 7.54-9.08), 16.77 (95% CI: 13.65-20.4), and 7.24 (95% CI: 6.5-8.04), respectively. Sudden-onset and gradual-onset injuries accounted for 36.7% and 43.4% of the total proportion of health problems. Hip/groin injuries had the highest incidence (1.58/1,000 h), whereas knee injuries had the highest burden (20.86 days lost/1,000 h). On average, the players experienced 3.33 health problems (average duration: 7.8 days). On average pr. player, 2.7 (95% CI: 2.2-3.3) wks of football exposure were lost. Conclusion Sudden and gradual-onset injuries influenced player availability during the season. Health problem prevalence fluctuated markedly, and injury incidence was higher during match play than training. The players had substantial volumes of training beyond football-specific training and matches. Our findings could assist medical and sports science practitioneers in enhancing training and recovery processes to maximize player availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rostgaard Andersen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Football Association, Brondby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Drevsfeldt
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sören Möller
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Open Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Merete Møller
- Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Vella S, Bolling C, Verhagen E, Moore IS. 'After they see what you have, they contact you': a qualitative study of national team football players', coaches' and clinicians' experiences in engaging with a context-specific injury surveillance system. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2023:1-12. [PMID: 38054439 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2023.2290077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sports injury surveillance systems aid injury prevention, but their development without considering end-users' perspectives has led to low adherence and honesty in self-reporting by players, compromising their effectiveness. Context-specific injury surveillance systems have been proposed to address these challenges, but there is a limited understanding of stakeholders' perceptions and experiences in using them. OBJECTIVE Following the implementation of a context-specific injury surveillance system with 100% player adherence over 60 weeks, the study aimed to investigate Under-21 Maltese national football team players', coaches' and clinicians' experiences of how and why they engaged with the system. METHOD Seventeen semi-structured interviews with Under-21 Maltese male national football team players (n = 12), their coaches (n = 3) and clinicians (n = 2) were conducted. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Participants highlighted questionnaire-related factors that motivated engagement with the context-specific injury surveillance system (theme 1) and factors influencing further engagement with the system based on stakeholders' actions (theme 2). Perceived outcomes experienced as a result of engaging with the injury surveillance system (theme 3), in turn, motivated players to continue reporting and engaging with the system. CONCLUSION To encourage players' sustained reporting, injury-related information collected from well-designed questionnaires should serve to stimulate communication and teamwork among stakeholders, to prevent injuries and enhance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Vella
- Malta Football Association, Millenium Stand, National Stadium, Ta' Qali, Malta
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Bolling
- Malta Football Association, Millenium Stand, National Stadium, Ta' Qali, Malta
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Sarah Moore
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
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Waldén M, Mountjoy M, McCall A, Serner A, Massey A, Tol JL, Bahr R, D'Hooghe M, Bittencourt N, Della Villa F, Dohi M, Dupont G, Fulcher M, Janse van Rensburg DCC, Lu D, Andersen TE. Football-specific extension of the IOC consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport 2020. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:1341-1350. [PMID: 36609352 PMCID: PMC10646851 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Several sports have published consensus statements on methods and reporting of epidemiological studies concerning injuries and illnesses with football (soccer) producing one of the first guidelines. This football-specific consensus statement was published in 2006 and required an update to align with scientific developments in the field. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) recently released a sports-generic consensus statement outlining methods for recording and reporting epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport and encouraged the development of sport-specific extensions.The Fédération Internationale de Football Association Medical Scientific Advisory Board established a panel of 16 football medicine and/or science experts, two players and one coach. With a foundation in the IOC consensus statement, the panel performed literature reviews on each included subtopic and performed two rounds of voting prior to and during a 2-day consensus meeting. The panel agreed on 40 of 75 pre-meeting and 21 of 44 meeting voting statements, respectively. The methodology and definitions presented in this comprehensive football-specific extension should ensure more consistent study designs, data collection procedures and use of nomenclature in future epidemiological studies of football injuries and illnesses regardless of setting. It should facilitate comparisons across studies and pooling of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Waldén
- Unit of Public Health, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Football Research Group, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Margo Mountjoy
- Department of Family Medicine-Sport, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan McCall
- Arsenal Performance and Research Team, Arsenal Football Club, London, UK
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Andreas Serner
- FIFA Medical, Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Massey
- FIFA Medical, Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes L Tol
- Department of Sports Medicine, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Academic Center for Evidence Based Sports Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam IOC Center ACHSS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roald Bahr
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
| | - Michel D'Hooghe
- FIFA Medical Committee, Federation Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natália Bittencourt
- Sports Physiotherapy Specialization Program - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Complex System Approach in Sports and Health Research Group - CNPq Brazil, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Francesco Della Villa
- Education and Research Department, Isokinetic FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Gregory Dupont
- Liverpool John Moores University, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Donna Lu
- Medical Services, Football Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Operations, Australian Professional Leagues, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thor Einar Andersen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian FA Medical Center, Oslo, Norway
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Mashimo S, Nishida S, Ito A, Ogaki R, Hirono J, Hogan T, Yoshida N. Injury data collection and utilisation practices in university sports teams: A cross-sectional study. Phys Ther Sport 2023; 64:55-61. [PMID: 37748250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine injury surveillance practices in a variety of university sports teams and barriers and facilitators for injury data collection and utilisation. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING University sports teams in Japan. PARTICIPANTS Medical, coaching, and other staff (non-medical/-coaching staff) of the university sports teams in Japan. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The survey included 31 questions that examined the barriers and facilitators for injury data collection, and the type of data on injury and exposure collected. RESULTS Injury data were collected during matches for 69 teams (48.3%) and training for 61 teams (42.7%). Injuries were primarily captured by athletic trainers in teams with medical staff, coaching staff and athletes in teams without medical staff. Common barriers in collecting and utilising injury data included limited funding for trained personnel and lack of time for medical staff to record data. Facilitating factors included clarification of the methods employed in recording and utilising injury data for teams with medical staff and the deployment of trained personnel to record injuries for teams without medical staff. CONCLUSIONS Approximately half of the Japanese university teams collected injury data. Considering barriers and facilitators is crucial to facilitate the collection and utilisation of injury data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonoko Mashimo
- Institute for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Neyagawa, Japan.
| | - Satoru Nishida
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ryugasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- College of Sociology, Edogawa University, Nagareyama, Japan
| | - Ryo Ogaki
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Nakano, Japan
| | - Junichi Hirono
- School of General Education, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hogan
- Media Communication Center, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Neyagawa, Japan
| | - Naruto Yoshida
- Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University, Toshima, Japan
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Torvaldsson K, Lindblom H, Sonesson S, Senorski EH, Stigson H, Tamm L, Sandberg J, Hägglund M. Swedish Olympic athletes report one injury insurance claim every second year: a 22-year insurance registry-based cohort study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:4607-4617. [PMID: 37452831 PMCID: PMC10471666 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe injury incidence, time trends in injury incidence, and injury characteristics among Swedish Olympic athletes over 22 years based on insurance data, as a first step to inform injury preventive measures among Olympic athletes. METHODS The cohort comprised 762 elite athletes (54% males; age 26.5 ± 5.9 years) in 38 sports in the Swedish Olympic Committee support program 'Top and Talent' between 1999 and 2020, with total 3427 athlete-years included. Acute and gradual onset injuries were reported to the insurance registry by the athletes' medical staff. RESULTS A total of 1635 injuries in 468 athletes were registered. The overall injury incidence was 47.7 injuries/100 athlete-years (one injury per athlete every second year). An increasing trend in injury incidence was observed in the first decade 2001 to 2010 (annual change 6.0%, 95% CI 3.3-8.8%), while in the second decade 2011 to 2020 no change was evident (0.4%, 95% CI - 1.9 to 2.7%). Gymnastics, tennis, and athletics had the highest incidence (100.0, 99.3, and 93.4 injuries/100 athlete-years, respectively). Among sport categories, mixed and power sports had the highest incidence (72.8 and 69.5 injuries/100 athlete-years, respectively). Higher incidences were seen in the younger age groups (≤ 25 years) in mixed and skill sports. The injury incidence was comparable between male and female athletes, and summer and winter sports. Most injuries occurred in the lower limb, and specifically the knee (24%), foot/ankle (15%) and spine/pelvis (13%). CONCLUSION The results on injury patterns in different sports and age groups may guide preventive focus for health and performance teams working with Olympic athletes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalle Torvaldsson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Hanna Lindblom
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sofi Sonesson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eric Hamrin Senorski
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Stigson
- Folksam Research, Folksam Insurance Group, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lykke Tamm
- Swedish Olympic Committee, Sofiatornet, Olympiastadion, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Sandberg
- Swedish Olympic Committee, Sofiatornet, Olympiastadion, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Hägglund
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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11
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Sonnier JH, Paul RW, Hall AT, Johnson EE, Connors G, Freedman KB, Bishop ME. Rates of Reporting and Analyzing Patient Sex in Sports Medicine Research: A Systematic Review. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:3035-3041. [PMID: 36416467 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221128909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences in sports medicine are well documented. However, no studies to date have reviewed the rate at which sex is reported and analyzed in the athlete-specific orthopaedic sports medicine literature. PURPOSE To determine the rates of reporting and analyzing patient sex in athlete-specific sports medicine literature. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS Articles published by the 3 journals of the AOSSM (American Journal of Sports Medicine [AJSM], Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, and Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach) between 2017 and 2021 were considered for inclusion. Original sports medicine research studies that isolated athletes were included. Studies that isolated sports that are predominantly single sex at the college and/or professional levels (football, baseball, softball, and wrestling) were excluded. RESULTS Of the 5140 publications screened, 559 met the inclusion criteria. In total, 93.9% of all studies reported patient sex, and 34.7% of all studies analyzed patient sex. However, 143 studies only included males and 50 studies only included females (n = 193). When excluding these single-sex studies, analysis of the remaining 366 studies found that the rate of sex-specific analysis increased to 53.0%. Rates of reporting patient sex did not significantly differ by journal or by year. Similarly, rates of analyzing patient sex did not differ by year, but Sports Health analyzed sex the most frequently, and AJSM analyzed sex the least frequently (P = .002). Studies that isolated college (84.1%), youth (66.7%), or recreational (52.6%) athletes analyzed sex at or above the overall rate of 53.0%, but studies of elite athletes (35.7%) tended to analyze sex less frequently. CONCLUSION Patient sex is well reported in the athlete-specific sports medicine literature (93.9% of included studies reported sex), demonstrating that most studies include sex as a demographic variable. However, patient sex was analyzed only in 53.0% of studies that included both male and female patients. Given that athlete-specific sex differences are known to exist within the field of sports medicine, many studies that could benefit from using patient sex as a variable for analysis likely fail to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan W Paul
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anya T Hall
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emma E Johnson
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gregory Connors
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Horan D, Kelly S, Hägglund M, Blake C, Roe M, Delahunt E. Players', Head Coaches', And Medical Personnels' Knowledge, Understandings and Perceptions of Injuries and Injury Prevention in Elite-Level Women's Football in Ireland. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:64. [PMID: 37515647 PMCID: PMC10387024 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00603-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To manage injuries effectively, players, head coaches, and medical personnel need to have excellent knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours in relation to the identification of risk factors for injuries, the implementation of injury prevention initiatives, as well as the implementation of effective injury management strategies. Understanding the injury context, whereby specific personal, environmental, and societal factors can influence the implementation of injury prevention initiatives and injury management strategies is critical to player welfare. To date, no qualitative research investigating the context of injuries, has been undertaken in elite-level women's football. The aim of our study was to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of players, head coaches, and medical personnel in the Irish Women's National League (WNL) to injury prevention and injury management. METHODS We used qualitative research methods to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of players, head coaches, and medical personnel in the Irish WNL to injury prevention and injury management. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 17 players, 8 medical personnel, and 7 head coaches in the Irish WNL. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Our study is located within an interpretivist, constructivist research paradigm. RESULTS The participants had incomplete knowledge of common injuries in elite-level football, and many held beliefs about risk factors for injuries, such as menstrual cycle stage, which lacked evidence to support them. Jumping and landing exercises were commonly used to reduce the risk of injuries but evidence-based injury prevention exercises and programmes such as the Nordic hamstring curl, Copenhagen adduction exercise, and the FIFA 11+ were rarely mentioned. Overall, there was dissatisfaction amongst players with their medical care and strength and conditioning (S & C) support, with resultant inadequate communication between players, head coaches, and medical personnel. CONCLUSION Poor quality and availability of medical care and S & C support were considered to be a major obstacle in the effective implementation of injury risk reduction strategies and successful return-to-sport practices. More original research is required in elite-level women's football to explore injury risk factors, injury prevention initiatives, and contextual return-to-sport strategies, so that players, head coaches, and medical personnel can use evidence that is both up-to-date and specific to their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Horan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Department of Sport, Leisure & Childhood Studies, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Seamus Kelly
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martin Hägglund
- Football Research Group, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Catherine Blake
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Roe
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eamonn Delahunt
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Robell KC, Norcross MF, Bohr AD, Harmon KG. Pac-12 Health Analytics Program: An Innovative Approach to Health Care Operations, Data Analytics, and Clinical Research in Intercollegiate Athletics. J Athl Train 2023; 58:655-663. [PMID: 36521171 PMCID: PMC10569253 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0063.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to describe the purpose, methods, and effects of the Pac-12 Health Analytics Program (HAP) approach on sports medicine informatics, research, analytics, and health care operations. Sports injury-surveillance initiatives have been supporting the clinical research community in sports medicine for nearly 4 decades. Whereas the initial systems tracked only a few sports, current surveillance programs have expanded to include entire professional and elite athlete organizations, providing important statistics on sports injury risk management. The HAP is a conference-wide data-sharing and-analytics program. It collects authorized, deidentified clinical data, encompassing multiple domains of sports medicine injury management, including sports injuries and illnesses, concussions, risk exposure, and COVID-19 testing elements. The HAP provides clinicians with access to curated data to inform evidence-based practice and support local health care operations with respect to emerging sports injury trends. The HAP supplies approved research groups with access to a data repository that describes a homogeneous, elite intercollegiate athlete sample, thereby supporting nonresearch clinical initiatives as well as contributions to peer-reviewed research that can improve the health and well-being of Pac-12 student-athletes. The HAP is a novel approach to sports injury epidemiology and surveillance that has allowed the Pac-12 Conference to meet larger objectives regarding improving the student-athlete experience and clinical research among its member schools. Data quality control has improved the accuracy of the data and value to clinical athletic trainers within the conference. Curated dashboards displaying aggregated project data offer clinicians data-driven decision-making tools that help inform sports injury risk management. As of 2021, the HAP had supported more than 3 dozen data requests. These investigations have resulted in numerous peer-reviewed research contributions to the sports medicine community with findings that have great potential to improve the health and well-being of Pac-12 student-athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc F. Norcross
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Adam D. Bohr
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Kimberly G. Harmon
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
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14
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Injury Surveillance and Training Load Methods Used by Health Professionals in Tennis: An Online Multinational Survey. J Sport Rehabil 2023; 32:235-241. [PMID: 36191905 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2022-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Injury surveillance and training load monitoring are both essential for the development of preventative strategies for gradual-onset musculoskeletal injuries in elite sport. Our aim was to survey health professionals working with elite tennis players on whether and how they monitor injuries and training load. DESIGN A cross-sectional multinational online open-survey. METHODS The survey was developed and advertised in English, Spanish, and Portuguese languages on social media channels, a tennis academic journal, professional tennis associations, and clinical networks of the research team, from December 2020 to April 2021. RESULTS 72 health professionals from 27 different countries working with elite tennis players responded to the survey. Injury surveillance is performed by 94% (68/72) of the survey respondents, with only 10% (7/68) using the consensus-recommended Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center questionnaire. Most common barriers identified by health professionals to injury surveillance are time constraints (66%), lack of knowledge (43%), and technology (31%). Training load monitoring is performed by 50% (36/72) of the health professionals working with elite tennis players. Main metrics monitored are weekly differences in training load (72%) and acute:chronic workload ratio (58%). Most common reasons for training load monitoring are injury prevention (94%), training planning (81%), and player feedback (53%). CONCLUSIONS Despite a high percentage of health professionals implementing injury surveillance metrics, most of them do not use any validated method. Only half of health professionals working with elite tennis players monitor training load. Lack of knowledge and technology were the main barriers reported for adequately monitoring injuries.
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15
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Jacobsson J, Kowalski J, Timpka T, Hansson PO, Spreco A, Dahlstrom O. Universal prevention through a digital health platform reduces injury incidence in youth athletics (track and field): a cluster randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:364-370. [PMID: 36564148 PMCID: PMC9985750 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-105332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether universal prevention via a digital health platform can reduce the injury incidence in athletics athletes aged 12-15 years and if club size had an influence on the effect of the intervention. METHODS This was a cluster randomised trial where young athletics athletes were randomised through their club following stratification by club size into intervention (11 clubs; 56 athletes) and control (10 clubs; 79 athletes) groups. The primary endpoint was time from baseline to the first self-reported injury. Intervention group parents and coaches were given access to a website with health information adapted to adolescent athletes and were encouraged to log in and explore its content during 16 weeks. The control group continued training as normal. Training exposure and injury data were self-reported by youths/parents every second week, that is, eight times. The primary endpoint data were analysed using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyse the second study aim with intervention status and club size included in the explanatory models. RESULTS The proportion of completed training reports was 85% (n=382) in the intervention group and 86% (n=545) in the control group. The injury incidence was significantly lower (HR=0.62; χ2=3.865; p=0.049) in the intervention group. The median time to first injury was 16 weeks in the intervention group and 8 weeks in the control group. An interaction effect between the intervention and stratification factor was observed with a difference in injury risk between athletes in the large clubs in the intervention group versus their peers in the control group (HR 0.491 (95% CI 0.242 to 0.998); p=0.049). CONCLUSIONS A protective effect against injury through universal access to health information adapted for adolescent athletes was observed in youth athletics athletes. The efficacy of the intervention was stronger in large clubs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03459313.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Jacobsson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | | | - Toomas Timpka
- Athletics Research Center, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden.,Medical Committee, Swedish Athletics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Armin Spreco
- Athletics Research Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Orjan Dahlstrom
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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16
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Zhang D, Wu F. POSTURAL BALANCE ON BASKETBALL INJURIES. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Contemporary basketball has become more competitive and aggressive in the competition process, increasing the corresponding sport's risks. Objective: Analyze the injury risks arising from basketball and study the effects that postural balance training has on them. Methods: A controlled experiment was conducted, in which the experimental group used balance training and the control group used general physical training. Each training lasted one hour, twice a week, and the experimental period was nine weeks. Results: The total FMS scores of the two groups were improved before and after sports training, and the FMS scores of the control group were raised from 14.71 to 15.15, showing no significant difference (P>0.05). The total FMS score in the experimental group increased from 14.38 to 17.69, much higher than the experimental group. It was found that there was a very significant difference. Conclusion: The method proposed in this paper can effectively increase the postural balance ability of athletes, thus reducing the risk of sports injuries in the development of sports. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Wu
- Guangdong Ocean University, China
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17
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Dang Y, Chen R, Koutedakis Y, Wyon MA. The Efficacy of Physical Fitness Training on Dance Injury: A Systematic Review. Int J Sports Med 2022; 44:108-116. [PMID: 36002027 PMCID: PMC9940991 DOI: 10.1055/a-1930-5376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Greater levels of physical fitness have been linked to improved dance performance and decreased injury incidence. The aim was to review the efficacy of physical fitness training on dance injury. The electronic databases CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure were used to search peer-reviewed published articles in English or Chinese. Studies were scored using Strength of the Evidence for a Conclusion and a risk bias checklist. 10 studies met the inclusion criteria from an initial 2450 publications. These studies offered physical fitness training for professional (n=3) and pre-professional dancers (n=7), participant sample size ranged between 5 to 62, ages from 11 to 27 years, and most participants were females. Assessment scores were classified as Fair (n=1), Limited (n=7), and Expert Opinion Only (n=2) and risk of bias scores ranged from 22.7-68.2%. After physical fitness training, 80% of studies reported significant benefits in injury rate, the time between injuries, pain intensity, pain severity, missed dance activities and injury count. This review suggests that physical fitness training could have a beneficial effect on injury incidence in dance. The evidence is limited by the current study methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Dang
- School of Sport, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,Faculty of Humanities, Beijing Dance Academy, China
| | - Ruoling Chen
- School of Health, University of Wolverhampton Faculty of Education
Health and Wellbeing, Walsall, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland
| | | | - Matthew Alexander Wyon
- School of Sport, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,National Institute of Dance Medicine and Science, Birmingham, United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,Correspondence Prof. Matthew Alexander
Wyon University of Wolverhampton, School of Sport,
Gorway Rd, WalsallWS1 3BDUnited
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland0190232314401902323228
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18
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Barry L, Lyons M, McCreesh K, Powell C, Comyns T. International survey of injury surveillance practices in competitive swimming. Phys Ther Sport 2022; 57:1-10. [PMID: 35842945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify the injury surveillance practices being used in competitive swimming environments. It explored the nature of the data collected, the injury definitions used and the perceived effectiveness of injury surveillance. Finally, this study also examined barriers to injury surveillance. DESIGN Online cross-sectional. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-two responders working in competitive swimming. OUTCOME MEASURES Injury surveillance methods, data collected, perceived level of effectiveness and barriers associated with injury surveillance. RESULTS Fifteen responders participated in injury surveillance, with 13 responders using a recognised definition for injury. Ten responders did not use any sports injury classification system. Ten responders found injury surveillance to be very effective at identifying injury trends, while previous injury history and training load data were perceived to be most influential in preventing injury. Limited time, funding and compliance were common obstacles, while poor staff communication and engagement were barriers to the effective implementation of injury surveillance. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of injury surveillance is related to the system objectives, competitive level of those under surveillance and the resources available. This implementation requires the balance of adhering to the principles outlined in prominent consensus statements and overcoming the barriers associated with implementing a system effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Barry
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Performance Department, Swim Ireland, Irish Sport HQ, Dublin, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Mark Lyons
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Karen McCreesh
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Ageing Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Cormac Powell
- High Performance Unit, Sport Ireland, Sport Ireland National Sports Campus, Dublin, Ireland; Physical Activity for Health Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Tom Comyns
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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19
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Olivier B, Obiora OL, MacMillan C, Finch C. Injury surveillance in community cricket: A new inning for South Africa. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2022; 78:1756. [PMID: 35814045 PMCID: PMC9257739 DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v78i1.1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Published injury rates amongst elite and club-level youth cricketers highlight the need to implement injury risk-reducing strategies amongst the youth cricketing population. Data from sports injury surveillance systems are a prerequisite for the development and evaluation of strategies to reduce injury risk. Therefore, collecting injury surveillance data is a positive move towards reducing injuries in cricket. In South Africa, a systematic, standardised, evidence-informed injury surveillance system currently does not exist for community levels of play, namely, in cricket-playing high schools and cricket clubs. Although injury surveillance systems exist at elite levels, the obvious differences in elite versus community cricket settings mean that these systems cannot be implemented in their current form at community-level cricket. An innovative model is required to implement an injury surveillance system in community cricket. Clinical implications This article proposes and describes a new research-practice partnership model to implement a systematic, standardised, evidence-informed injury surveillance system at cricket-playing high schools or cricket clubs within South Africa. Once this model has been employed, database systems will need to be established to allow long-term data management and sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita Olivier
- Wits Cricket Research Hub for Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Oluchukwu L. Obiora
- Wits Cricket Research Hub for Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Candice MacMillan
- Wits Cricket Research Hub for Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Caroline Finch
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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20
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Williams S, Robertson C, Starling L, McKay C, West S, Brown J, Stokes K. Injuries in Elite Men's Rugby Union: An Updated (2012-2020) Meta-Analysis of 11,620 Match and Training Injuries. Sports Med 2022; 52:1127-1140. [PMID: 34854059 PMCID: PMC9023408 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01603-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most recent meta-analytic review of injuries in elite senior men's Rugby Union was published in 2013. The demands of the game at the elite level are continually changing alongside law amendments and developments in player preparation. As such, an updated meta-analysis of injury data in this setting is necessary. OBJECTIVE To meta-analyse time-loss injury data in elite senior men's Rugby Union between 2012 and 2020. METHODS Electronic databases were searched using the keywords 'rugby' and 'inj*'. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Injury incidence rate data were modelled using a mixed-effects Poisson regression model. Days missed data were modelled using a general linear mixed model. RESULTS The included data encompassed a total of 8819 match injuries and 2801 training injuries. The overall incidence rate of injuries in matches was 91 per 1000 h (95% confidence interval (CI) 77-106). The estimated mean days missed per match injury was 27 days (95% CI 23-32). The overall incidence rate of match concussions was 12 per 1000 h (95% CI 9-15). The overall incidence rate of training injuries was 2.8 per 1000 h (95% CI 1.9-4.0). Playing level was not a significant effect modifier for any outcome. CONCLUSIONS The injury incidence rate and mean days missed per injury in the present meta-analysis were higher, but statistically equivalent to, the 2013 meta-analysis (81 per 1000 h and 20 days, respectively). The injury incidence rate for match injuries in elite senior men's Rugby Union is high in comparison to most team sports, though the training injury incidence rate compares favourably. The tackle event and concussion injuries should continue to be the focus of future preventative efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Williams
- Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Charli Robertson
- Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Lindsay Starling
- Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Carly McKay
- Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Stephen West
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - James Brown
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- IOC Research Centre, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Keith Stokes
- Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, UK
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21
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Mendonça LDM, Schuermans J, Denolf S, Napier C, Bittencourt NF, Romanuk A, Tak I, Thorborg K, Bizzini M, Ramponi C, Paterson C, Hägglund M, Malisoux L, Al Attar WSA, Samukawa M, Esteve E, Bakare U, Constantinou M, Schneiders A, Cavallieri Gomes A, Florentz D, Ozer Kaya D, Indra Lesmana S, Harøy J, Kuparinen V, Philips N, Jenkins W, Wezenbeek E, Witvrouw E. Sports injury prevention programmes from the sports physical therapist's perspective: An international expert Delphi approach. Phys Ther Sport 2022; 55:146-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Mashimo S, Ogaki R, Suhara H, Yoshida N. Sports Injury Surveillance Systems and Guidelines in Japan: A Systematic Review. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:1163-1172. [PMID: 35472823 DOI: 10.1055/a-1836-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to identify sports injury surveillance systems (ISSs) and injury surveillance guidelines (ISGs) developed and currently used in Japan. Additionally, the extent to which ISSs and ISGs developed overseas are employed in Japan was also examined. A systematic search of electronic databases was performed in March 2021. Prospective studies that investigated sports injuries and targeted Japanese athletes or sports in Japan were included to identify the following: (1) details of the ISSs or ISGs developed among sports in Japan, and (2) characteristics of studies focusing on sports in Japan employing ISSs or ISGs developed overseas and the method of use. A total of five ISSs developed among sports in Japan were included, most of which were based on insurance benefits or condolence payment systems. In total, 23 studies used ISSs or ISGs developed overseas, more than half of which were used as a resource for the development of other data collection tools or methods, indicating that the definition of injury and/or classification of items are modified based on the needs among sports in Japan. This review highlights the necessity of establishing club-based or organisational ISSs and ISGs that are appropriate for sports in Japan.
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23
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Stannard J, Finch CF, Fortington LV. Improving musculoskeletal injury surveillance methods in Special Operation Forces: A Delphi consensus study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000096. [PMID: 36962170 PMCID: PMC10021797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal injury mitigation is a priority in military organisations to protect personnel health and sustain a capable workforce. Despite efforts to prevent injury, inconsistencies exist in the evidence used to support these activities. There are many known limitations in the injury surveillance data reported in previous Special Operation Forces (SOF) research. Such studies often lack accurate, reliable, and complete data to inform and evaluate injury prevention activities. This research aimed to achieve expert consensus on injury surveillance methods in SOF to enhance the quality of data that could be used to inform injury prevention in this population. A Delphi study was conducted with various military injury surveillance stakeholders to seek agreement on improving surveillance methods in SOF. Iterative questionnaires using close and open-ended questions were used to collect views about surveillance methods related to injury case definitions and identifying essential and optional data requirements. Consensus was predefined as 75% group agreement on an item. Sixteen participants completed two rounds of questionnaires required. Consensus was achieved for 17.9% (n = 7) of questions in the first-round and 77.5% (n = 38) of round two questions. Several challenges for surveillance were identified, including recording injury causation, SOF personnel's injury reporting behaviours influencing accurate data collection, and surveillance system infrastructure limitations. Key military injury surveillance stakeholders support the need for improved data collection to enhance the evidence that underpins injury prevention efforts. The consensus process has resulted in preliminary recommendations to support future SOF injury surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Stannard
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Caroline F Finch
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Lauren V Fortington
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
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The association of padded headgear with concussion and injury risk in junior Australian football: A prospective cohort study. J Sci Med Sport 2021; 25:312-320. [PMID: 34949511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether padded headgear was associated with incidence of suspected sports-related concussion, non-sports-related concussion head injury, and injuries to other body regions in junior Australian football. DESIGN Prospective cohort injury surveillance. METHODS There were 400 junior players (42.5% female) enrolled across two seasons. Suspected sports-related concussion was defined by detection of observable signs on the field and medical assessment or missed match(es) due to suspected sports-related concussion. Non-sports-related concussion head injury and injuries to other body regions were defined as those that received medical assessment or resulted in a missed match. RESULTS There were 20 teams monitored over 258 matches. 204 players (2484 player hours) wore mandated headgear throughout the season and 196 (2246 player hours) did not. The incidence rate of suspected sports-related concussion was 3.17 (95% confidence interval: 3.04-3.30) per 1000 player-hours and no differences were observed between males and females (risk ratio 1.11; 95% confidence interval: 0.40-3.06). Headgear use was not associated with suspected sports-related concussion (risk ratio 1.09; 95% confidence interval: 0.41-2.97), non-sports-related concussion head injury (risk ratio 0.27; 95% confidence interval: 0.06-1.31), or injuries to other body regions (risk ratio 1.41; 95% confidence interval: 0.79-2.53). CONCLUSIONS Headgear use was not associated with reduced risk of suspected sports-related concussion, non-sports-related concussion head injury or injuries to other body regions. There was no difference in the rate of suspected sports-related concussion in female compared to male players, however, rates of non-sports-related concussion head injury and injuries to other body regions were higher in male players.
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Vella S, Bolling C, Verhagen E, Moore IS. Perceiving, reporting and managing an injury – perspectives from national team football players, coaches, and health professionals. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2021; 6:421-433. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2021.1985164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Vella
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
- Malta Football Association, Millenium Stand, National Stadium, Ta’ Qali ATD, Malta
| | - Caroline Bolling
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vu University Medical Center, Amsterdam, BT, The Netherlands
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vu University Medical Center, Amsterdam, BT, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Sarah Moore
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
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Makovec Knight J, Nguyen JVK, Mitra B, Willmott C. Soft-shell headgear, concussion and injury prevention in youth team collision sports: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044320. [PMID: 34083330 PMCID: PMC8183293 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association between soft-shell headgear (HG) use and sports-related concussion (SRC). Secondary objectives were to assess the association between HG and superficial head injury and investigate potential increase in injury risk among HG users. DESIGN A systematic search in Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus was conducted in April 2020. Inclusion criteria were youth <18, English language, in vivo studies published after 1980 that evaluated SRC and other injury incidence in HG users compared with non-users. OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence rates of SRC, superficial head injury or other injuries. RESULTS Eight studies were eligible. The majority (n=5) reported no difference in the rate of SRC among HG users versus non-users. One rugby study identified significantly lower risk of SRC for non-HG users (risk ratio (RR) 0.63; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.98) compared with HG users, whereas a cross-sectional survey of soccer players indicated higher risk of SRC for non-HG users (RR 2.65; 95% CI 1.23 to 3.12) compared with HG users. Three of the four studies investigating superficial head injury found no significant differences with HG use, though the soccer survey reported reduced risk among HG users (RR 1.86; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.11). Increased incidence of injuries to all body regions for rugby HG users was reported in two studies with adjusted RRs of 1.16 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.29) and 1.23 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.50). CONCLUSIONS HG use was not associated with reduced rates of SRC or superficial head injury in youth soccer and rugby. The possibility of increased injury risk to all body regions for rugby HG users was raised. The need for research specific to youth and female athletes was highlighted. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018115310.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Makovec Knight
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jack V K Nguyen
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Biswadev Mitra
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine Willmott
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Beas-Jiménez JDD, Garrigosa AL, Cuevas PD, Riaza LM, Terés XP, Alonso JM, Recio MIÁ, Bolados CC. Translation Into Spanish and Proposal to Modify the Orchard Sports Injury Classification System (OSICS) Version 12. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:2325967121993814. [PMID: 33954218 PMCID: PMC8044570 DOI: 10.1177/2325967121993814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To publish the Spanish translation of Version 12 of the sports injury classification system called Orchard Sports Injury Classification System and propose a modification to include a numerical code that reflects the impact of the injury on sports functionality. Methods The members of the working group on the epidemiology of sports injury, of the Group for the Study of the Muscle-Tendon System (GESMUTE), and of the Spanish Society of Sports Traumatology (SETRADE), carried out a bibliographical review on the epidemiological classification systems of injuries, 3 face-to-face consensus meetings, and various online pieces of work, following the Delphi work methodology. Results The Spanish translation of Version 12 of the Orchard Sports Injury Classification System is fully accessible and free of charge at https://gesmute.es/traduccion-espanola-osics-12/. The current project proposes to add, at the end of the current coding system of Version 12, a numerical code (0: No Functional impairment; 1: Limits Sports Activity; 2: Prevents Sports Activity; 3: Limits Daily Life Activities), to indicate any functional repercussions caused by the injury. Conclusion We present the Spanish translation of Version 12 of the Orchard Sports Injury Classification System. We propose as an improvement the inclusion of functionality criteria in sports injury classifications; more specifically, our proposal could be an improvement to the Orchard Sports Injury Classification System Version 12.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xavier Peirau Terés
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), Lleida, Spain
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Sports Injury Prevention is Complex: We Need to Invest in Better Processes, Not Singular Solutions. Sports Med 2021; 50:689-702. [PMID: 31741293 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an understanding has developed that sports injuries are the emergent outcomes of complex, dynamic systems. Thus, the influence of local contextual factors on injury outcomes is increasingly being acknowledged. These realisations place injury prevention research at a crossroads. Currently, injury prevention researchers develop universally applicable injury prevention solutions, but the adoption of these solutions in practice is low. This occurs because implementation contexts are both unique and dynamic in nature, and as a result singular, static solutions are often incompatible. In contrast, practitioners address injury prevention through iterative cycles of trial and error, aiming to optimise the injury prevention process within their own unique contexts. The purpose of this critical review is to draw attention to the misalignment between research and practice-based approaches to injury prevention. In light of this, we propose alternative research approaches that acknowledge the process-driven nature of injury prevention in practice. We propose that a core focus of sport injury prevention research should be to provide practitioners with useful and relevant information to support their decision making around their localised injury prevention practice. Through this approach, injury prevention research ceases to be about what works, and begins to engage with understanding what works in what contexts and why?
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Nabhan D, Taylor D, Finnoff JT. Painting the portrait of athlete health: a call for interconnected health information systems. Br J Sports Med 2021; 55:945-946. [PMID: 33741548 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Nabhan
- Sports Medicine, US Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - David Taylor
- Sports Medicine, US Olympic & Paralympic Training Center, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA.,US Coalition for Prevention of Illness & Injury in Sport, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Jonathan T Finnoff
- US Coalition for Prevention of Illness & Injury in Sport, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA.,Sports Medicine, United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee, Rochester, Colorado, USA
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Jaeger JD, Schmitt KU. [Development of an injury surveillance system (ISS) in judo]. SPORTVERLETZUNG-SPORTSCHADEN 2021; 35:45-51. [PMID: 33592655 DOI: 10.1055/a-1302-8804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Judo is a popular combat sport with a high risk of injury. To date, information on injuries in non-competitive and amateur judo is sparse. Injuries in Swiss judo have not been recorded systematically. The objective of this project was to develop an injury surveillance system for judo. Such a system not only provides a possibility for the systematic monitoring of injuries, but also allows for the planning and assessing of strategies for injury prevention. METHODS A survey was conducted to obtain an overview of injuries sustained in Swiss judo. The results served as a basis to develop and implement a database with a web interface, which is called injury surveillance system. Several judo athletes tested the new system in a trial. RESULTS Amateur judokas provided 34.2 % of the answers of the survey. Upper extremity injuries, especially of the shoulder, were most frequently reported, followed by lower extremity injuries, particularly of the knee. In due consideration of the results and experiences gained from the survey, the SJISS (Swiss Judo Injury Surveillance System) was established. SJISS is a web-based injury surveillance system designed for Swiss judo. CONCLUSION This is the first system developed to provide an ongoing and systematic recording of injuries in Swiss judo. The system allows for injury monitoring and may serve as a starting point for developing and evaluating injury prevention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai-Uwe Schmitt
- Universitätsspital Bern/Berner Fachhochschule, Bern, Switzerland
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31
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Employing Standardised Methods to Compare Injury Risk Across Seven Youth Team Sports. Int J Sports Med 2021; 42:1019-1026. [PMID: 33461229 DOI: 10.1055/a-1327-3009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Injury surveillance systems seek to describe injury risk for a given sport, in order to inform preventative strategies. This often leads to comparisons between studies, although these inferences may be inappropriate, considering the range of methods adopted. This study aimed to describe the injury epidemiology of seven youth sports, enabling valid comparisons of injury risk. Consistent methods were employed across seven sports [male American football, basketball, soccer, rugby league, rugby union; female soccer and rugby union] at a high school in England. A 24-hour time-loss injury definition was adopted. Descriptive statistics and injury incidence (/1000 match-hours) are reported. In total, 322 injuries were sustained by 240 athletes (mean age=17.7±1.0) in 10 273 player-match hours. American football had a significantly greater injury incidence (86/1000 h; 95% CI 61-120) than all sports except female rugby union (54/1000 h; 95% CI 37-76). Concussion was the most common injury (incidence range 0.0-26.7/1000 h), while 59% of injuries occurred via player contact. This study employed standardized data collection methods, allowing valid and reliable comparisons of injury risk between youth sports. This is the first known study to provide epidemiological data for female rugby union, male basketball and American football in an English youth population, enabling the development of preventative strategies.
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West SW, Starling L, Kemp S, Williams S, Cross M, Taylor A, Brooks JHM, Stokes KA. Trends in match injury risk in professional male rugby union: a 16-season review of 10 851 match injuries in the English Premiership (2002–2019): the Professional Rugby Injury Surveillance Project. Br J Sports Med 2020; 55:676-682. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesThe Professional Rugby Injury Surveillance Project is the largest and longest running rugby union injury surveillance project globally and focuses on the highest level of rugby in England.MethodsWe examined match injuries in professional men’s rugby over the period 2002/2003 to 2018/2019 and described trends in injuries over this time.ResultsOver the period 2002/2003–2018/2019, 10 851 injuries occurred in 1 24 952 hours of match play, equating to a mean of 57 injuries per club per season and one injury per team per match. The mean incidence, severity (days absence) and burden (days absence/1000 hours) of injury were 87/1000 hours (95% CI 82 to 92), 25 days (95% CI 22 to 28) and 2178 days/1000 hours (95% CI 1872 to 2484), respectively. The tackle accounted for 43% injuries with running the second most common activity during injury (12%). The most common injury location was the head/face with an incidence of 11.3/1000 hours, while the location with the highest overall burden was the knee (11.1 days/1000 hours). Long-term trends demonstrated stable injury incidence and proportion of injured players, but an increase in the mean and median severity of injuries. Concussion incidence, severity and burden increased from the 2009/2010 season onwards and from 2011 to 2019 concussion was the most common injury.ConclusionThe rise in overall injury severity and concussion incidence are the most significant findings from this work and demonstrate the need for continued efforts to reduce concussion risk as well as a greater understanding of changes in injury severity over time.
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Lyons RA. How much does quality matter: the value of data. Inj Prev 2020; 26:397-399. [PMID: 32694194 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In a world of competing priorities, accurate production of information on the scale of the injury burden and the effectiveness of prevention-orientated interventions and policies is important; hence, data quality matters. This article surveys the literature about what is known about data quality in the injury field and developments to improve the quality and usability of information, particularly through triangulation of data sources, data linkage and unlocking the potential for more deeply phenotyped data through natural language processing.
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34
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Translation into Spanish and proposal to modify the Orchard Sports Injury Classification System (OSICS) version 12. APUNTS SPORTS MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apunsm.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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McLeod G, O'Connor S, Morgan D, Kountouris A, Finch CF, Fortington LV. Prospective reporting of injury in community-level cricket: A systematic review to identify research priorities. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:1028-1043. [PMID: 32553446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cricket is a popular sport enjoyed worldwide. Injuries in cricket are not well understood at community level but are important to understand for prevention to ensure the game continues to be enjoyed safely. This systematic review was designed to assess the quality of data collection and reporting, and to summarise the injury data, in studies of community cricket players. DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS Nine databases were searched to November 2018 using the terms "cricket*" and "injur*". A nine-item critical appraisal and three-item likelihood-of-bias evaluation was conducted on included studies. Data completeness was evaluated against recommendations in the international cricket consensus statement for recording/reporting injury and the Australian Sports Injury Data Dictionary (ASIDD). Descriptive injury data (n,%) are presented in tabular format for different subgroups (activity, position, population). RESULTS Thirteen studies were included, of which eight were rated as unclear, one as high and three having a low likelihood-of-bias. The mean score for completeness of data against the consensus statement was 3.5/10 (95%C.I. 2.8-4.2). The mean score for completeness of data against the ASIDD was 4.4/6 (95%C.I. 3.9-5.0). Bruising and inflammation was the most common injury in junior cricket. Stress fractures were most common in studies of bowlers. Where studies included all activities, batting accounted for most injuries (7-49%). CONCLUSIONS The included studies inconsistently addressed recommended items for injury surveillance in community sport and cricket. Most studies focused on junior levels or adolescent bowlers, with bruising/inflammation and stress fractures being most common, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geordie McLeod
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Australia
| | - Siobhán O'Connor
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Damian Morgan
- Federation Business School, Federation University Australia, Australia
| | - Alex Kountouris
- Sports Science & Sports Medicine Manager, Cricket Australia, Australia
| | - Caroline F Finch
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Australia
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Willick SE, Cushman DM, Klatt J, Brobeck M, Spencer C, Teramoto M. The NICA injury surveillance system: Design, methodology and preliminary data of a prospective, longitudinal study of injuries in youth cross country mountain bike racing. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 24:1032-1037. [PMID: 32546436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the design and implementation of an injury surveillance system for youth mountain bike racing in the United States, and to report preliminary first-year results. DESIGN Descriptive sports injury epidemiology study. METHODS After two and a half years of development and extensive beta-testing, an electronic injury surveillance system went live in January, 2018. An automated email is sent to a Designated Reporter on each team, with links to the injury reporting form. Data collected include demographic information, injured body part, injury diagnosis, trail conditions and other factors associated with injury occurrence. RESULTS 837 unique injuries were reported in 554 injury events among 18,576 student-athletes. The overall injury event proportion was 3.0%. The most common injury among student-athletes was concussion/possible concussion (22.2%), followed by injuries to the wrist and hand (19.0%). Among 8,738 coaches, there were 134 unique injuries reported that occurred in 68 injury events, resulting in an overall injury event proportion of 0.8%. The shoulder (38.2%) was the most commonly injured body part among coaches. Injuries among coaches tended to more frequently result in fractures, dislocations and hospital admission compared with injuries among student-athletes. Among student-athletes, female riders sustained lower limb injuries more than male riders (34.0% vs. 20.7%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS A nationwide injury surveillance system for youth mountain bike racing was successfully implemented in the United States. Overall injury event proportions were relatively low, but many injury events resulted in concussions/possible concussions, fractures, dislocations and 4 weeks or longer of time loss from riding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart E Willick
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Utah, United States.
| | - Daniel M Cushman
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Utah, United States
| | - Joshua Klatt
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, United States
| | - Matthew Brobeck
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Utah, United States
| | - Chris Spencer
- National Interscholastic Cycling Association, United States
| | - Masaru Teramoto
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Utah, United States
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Kovalchik SA. 'In search of lost time': Identifying the causative role of cumulative competition load and competition time-loss in professional tennis using a structural nested mean model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231568. [PMID: 32302343 PMCID: PMC7164605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury prevention is critical to the achievement of peak performance in elite sport. For professional tennis players, the topic of injury prevention has gained even greater importance in recent years as multiple of the best male players have been sidelined owing to injury. Identifying potential causative factors of injury is essential for the development of effective prevention strategies, yet such research is hampered by incomplete data, the complexity of injury etiology, and observational study biases. The present study attempts to address these challenges by focusing on competition load and time-loss to competition-a completely observable risk factor and outcome-and using a structural nested mean model (SNMM) to identify the potential causal role of cumulative competition load on the risk of time-loss. Using inverse probability of treatment weights to balance exposure histories with respect to player ability, past injury, and consecutive competition weeks at each time point; the SNMM analysis of 389 professional male players and 55,773 weeks of competition found that total load significantly increases the risk of time-loss (HR = 1.05 per 1,000 games of additional load 95% CI 1.01-1.10) and this effect becomes magnified with age. Standard regression showed a protective effect of load, highlighting the value of more robust causal methods in the study of dynamic exposures and injury in sport and the need for further applications of these methods for understanding how time-loss and injuries of elite athletes might be prevented in the future.
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Bahr R, Clarsen B, Derman W, Dvorak J, Emery CA, Finch CF, Hägglund M, Junge A, Kemp S, Khan KM, Marshall SW, Meeuwisse W, Mountjoy M, Orchard JW, Pluim B, Quarrie KL, Reider B, Schwellnus M, Soligard T, Stokes KA, Timpka T, Verhagen E, Bindra A, Budgett R, Engebretsen L, Erdener U, Chamari K. International Olympic Committee consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport 2020 (including STROBE Extension for Sport Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS)). Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:372-389. [PMID: 32071062 PMCID: PMC7146946 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 425] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Injury and illness surveillance, and epidemiological studies, are fundamental elements of concerted efforts to protect the health of the athlete. To encourage consistency in the definitions and methodology used, and to enable data across studies to be compared, research groups have published 11 sport-specific or setting-specific consensus statements on sports injury (and, eventually, illness) epidemiology to date. Our objective was to further strengthen consistency in data collection, injury definitions and research reporting through an updated set of recommendations for sports injury and illness studies, including a new Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist extension. The IOC invited a working group of international experts to review relevant literature and provide recommendations. The procedure included an open online survey, several stages of text drafting and consultation by working groups and a 3-day consensus meeting in October 2019. This statement includes recommendations for data collection and research reporting covering key components: defining and classifying health problems; severity of health problems; capturing and reporting athlete exposure; expressing risk; burden of health problems; study population characteristics and data collection methods. Based on these, we also developed a new reporting guideline as a STROBE Extension-the STROBE Sports Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS). The IOC encourages ongoing in- and out-of-competition surveillance programmes and studies to describe injury and illness trends and patterns, understand their causes and develop measures to protect the health of the athlete. Implementation of the methods outlined in this statement will advance consistency in data collection and research reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roald Bahr
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ben Clarsen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Wayne Derman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Jiri Dvorak
- Spine Unit, Swiss Concussion Center and Swiss Golf Medical Center, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Caroline F Finch
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Martin Hägglund
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Astrid Junge
- Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Swiss Concussion Centre, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Kemp
- Rugby Football Union, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Karim M Khan
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Journal of Sports Medicine, London, UK
| | - Stephen W Marshall
- Injury Prevention Research Center and Department of Epidemiology at the Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Willem Meeuwisse
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- National Hockey League, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Margo Mountjoy
- Department of Family Medicine (Sport Medicine), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- FINA Bureau (Sport Medicine), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John W Orchard
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Babette Pluim
- Department of Sports Medicine, Royal Netherlands Lawn Tennis Association, Amstelveen, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center of Excellence, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Kenneth L Quarrie
- New Zealand Rugby, Wellington, New Zealand
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bruce Reider
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Martin Schwellnus
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Research Institute (SEMLI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Torbjørn Soligard
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith A Stokes
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, UK
| | - Toomas Timpka
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Centre for Healthcare Development, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abhinav Bindra
- Athlete Commission, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Richard Budgett
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lars Engebretsen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Uğur Erdener
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karim Chamari
- Aspetar Sports Medicine and Orthopedic Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Goggins L, Peirce N, Ranson C, McCaig S, Newman D, Langley B, Griffin S, Young M, McKay C, Stokes K, Williams S. Injuries in England and Wales elite men's domestic cricket: A nine season review from 2010 to 2018. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:836-840. [PMID: 32303476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study primarily aimed to explore injury incidence rates in the three main domestic competition formats in England and Wales (First-Class, One-Day and Twenty20 [T20]). For the first time, the study also describes the epidemiology of elite men's domestic cricket injuries across nine seasons (2010-2018 inclusive). DESIGN Prospective cohort analysis. METHODS Injury incidence and prevalence from all injuries calculated according to the updated international consensus statement on injury surveillance in cricket, with statistical process control charts (SPC) used to detect trends in the data. RESULTS The average match injury incidence was 102 injuries/1000 days of play, with highest incidence in One-Day (254 injuries/1000 days of play), followed by T20 (136 injuries/1000 days of play) and First-Class Cricket (68 injuries/1000 days of play). Most match injuries were sustained during bowling (41.6 injuries/1000 days of play), followed by fielding (26.8 injuries/1000 days of play) and batting (22.3 injuries/1000 days of play). The thigh was the body area most commonly injured (7.4 injuries/100 players per season), with lumbar spine injuries the most prevalent (1.3% of players unavailable on any given day during the season). On average, 7.5% of players were unavailable on any given day during the domestic season when all injuries were considered (match and training). The SPC charts showed relatively consistent match injury incidence for all competitions, reproduced across all nine seasons. CONCLUSION These findings provide a robust empirical base for the extent of the injury problem in domestic cricket played in England and Wales, with similar injury profiles across the three formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Goggins
- Sport Injury Prevention at Bath, Department for Health, University of Bath, United Kingdom.
| | - Nicholas Peirce
- England and Wales Cricket Board, National Cricket Performance Centre, Loughborough University, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Ranson
- English Institute of Sport, The Manchester Institute of Health and Performance, United Kingdom
| | - Steve McCaig
- English Institute of Sport, The Manchester Institute of Health and Performance, United Kingdom
| | - David Newman
- England and Wales Cricket Board, National Cricket Performance Centre, Loughborough University, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Langley
- England and Wales Cricket Board, National Cricket Performance Centre, Loughborough University, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Griffin
- England and Wales Cricket Board, National Cricket Performance Centre, Loughborough University, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Young
- Geelong Cats Football Club, GMHBA Stadium, Australia
| | - Carly McKay
- Sport Injury Prevention at Bath, Department for Health, University of Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Stokes
- Sport Injury Prevention at Bath, Department for Health, University of Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Williams
- Sport Injury Prevention at Bath, Department for Health, University of Bath, United Kingdom
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Bahr R, Clarsen B, Derman W, Dvorak J, Emery CA, Finch CF, Hägglund M, Junge A, Kemp S, Khan KM, Marshall SW, Meeuwisse W, Mountjoy M, Orchard JW, Pluim B, Quarrie KL, Reider B, Schwellnus M, Soligard T, Stokes KA, Timpka T, Verhagen E, Bindra A, Budgett R, Engebretsen L, Erdener U, Chamari K. International Olympic Committee Consensus Statement: Methods for Recording and Reporting of Epidemiological Data on Injury and Illness in Sports 2020 (Including the STROBE Extension for Sports Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS)). Orthop J Sports Med 2020; 8:2325967120902908. [PMID: 32118084 PMCID: PMC7029549 DOI: 10.1177/2325967120902908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injury and illness surveillance, and epidemiological studies, are fundamental elements of concerted efforts to protect the health of the athlete. To encourage consistency in the definitions and methodology used, and to enable data across studies to be compared, research groups have published 11 sport- or setting-specific consensus statements on sports injury (and, eventually, illnesses) epidemiology to date. OBJECTIVE To further strengthen consistency in data collection, injury definitions, and research reporting through an updated set of recommendations for sports injury and illness studies, including a new Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist extension. STUDY DESIGN Consensus statement of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). METHODS The IOC invited a working group of international experts to review relevant literature and provide recommendations. The procedure included an open online survey, several stages of text drafting and consultation by working groups, and a 3-day consensus meeting in October 2019. RESULTS This statement includes recommendations for data collection and research reporting covering key components: defining and classifying health problems, severity of health problems, capturing and reporting athlete exposure, expressing risk, burden of health problems, study population characteristics, and data collection methods. Based on these, we also developed a new reporting guideline as a STROBE extension-the STROBE Sports Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS). CONCLUSION The IOC encourages ongoing in- and out-of-competition surveillance programs and studies to describe injury and illness trends and patterns, understand their causes, and develop measures to protect the health of the athlete. The implementation of the methods outlined in this statement will advance consistency in data collection and research reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roald Bahr
- Roald Bahr, MD, PhD, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway ()
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Hess MC, Swedler DI, Collins CS, Ponce BA, Brabston EW. Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in Professional Ultimate Frisbee Athletes. J Athl Train 2020; 55:195-204. [PMID: 31895593 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-269-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Injuries in professional ultimate Frisbee (ultimate) athletes have never been described. OBJECTIVE To determine injury rates, profiles, and associated factors using the first injury-surveillance program for professional ultimate. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING American Ultimate Disc League professional ultimate teams during the 2017 season. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Sixteen all-male teams. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Injury incidence rates (IRs) were calculated as injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs). Incidence rate ratios were determined to compare IRs with 95% confidence intervals, which were used to calculate differences. RESULTS We observed 299 injuries over 8963 AEs for a total IR of 33.36 per 1000 AEs. Most injuries affected the lower extremity (72%). The most common injuries were thigh-muscle strains (12.7%) and ankle-ligament sprains (11.4%). Running was the most frequent injury mechanism (32%). Twenty-nine percent of injuries involved collisions; however, the concussion rate was low (IR = 0.22 per 1000 AEs). Injuries were more likely to occur during competition and in the second half of games. An artificial turf playing surface did not affect overall injury rates (Mantel-Haenszel incidence rate ratio = 1.28; 95% confidence interval = 0.99, 1.67). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first epidemiologic study of professional ultimate injuries. Injury rates were comparable with those of similar collegiate- and professional-level sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Hess
- School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - David I Swedler
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, MD
| | - Christine S Collins
- School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Brent A Ponce
- School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Eugene W Brabston
- School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Roos KG, Kucera KL, Golightly YM, Myers JB, Rosamond WD, Marshall SW. Variability in the identification and reporting of overuse injuries among sports injury surveillance data collectors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 11:143-146. [PMID: 31772716 DOI: 10.3928/19425864-20190214-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study examined variability in identifying and reporting overuse injuries among Certified Athletic Trainers (ATs). Methods This cross-sectional study of ATs participating in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Injury Surveillance Program, utilized a novel online-only survey, consisting of seven hypothetical clinical scenarios representing various clinical presentations including overuse and acute elements. Participants reported clinical opinions regarding the role overuse played in each scenario (major contributor, not a major contributor, not enough information) and probability (0-100%) of classifying each scenario as having an overuse injury mechanism, then completed open-ended questions addressing their decision-making process. Results 74 ATs (25%) completed the survey. Six of the seven scenarios generated discordance in responses among the participating ATs. Variability in AT decisions involved: the progression of injury, duration of symptoms, and activity at time of injury. Conclusion Developing a formalized definition of overuse injury may improve consistency and standardize methods for identifying and reporting overuse injuries within injury research.
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Methods may matter in injury surveillance: "how" may be more important than "what, when or why". Biol Sport 2019; 37:3-5. [PMID: 32205904 PMCID: PMC7075228 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2020.89935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine if and how adjustments in injury surveillance recording methodology may have influenced injury rates. Injury and exposure data were collected among professional male players from the Qatar Stars League from the 2008-2009 season to the 2017-2018 season. There have been four iterations of our data collection methods. In the first five seasons, participation in the programme was voluntary. For seasons 6-7, additional dedicated researchers were tasked with contacting the medical teams every month. At the start of season 8, an electronic recording method was instituted. In the final two seasons, injury surveillance participation was further boosted by reinforced encouragement from institutional management. Overall injury incidence increased from season 5 to season 8. Severe injuries have fallen steadily, but slightly over the ten seasons, whereas mild injuries increased dramatically from seasons 5 to 8. The current data suggest that along with the standard metrics (e.g. injury incidence, injury burden) we also need to clearly report the methods by which data were collected and verified in as much detail as possible. We suggest that sports medicine journals should adopt minimum reporting standards and perhaps checklists could be a useful step forward.
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Luiggi M, Griffet J. Sport injury prevalence and risk by level of play and sports played among a representative population of French adolescents. A school-based study. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2019; 67:383-391. [PMID: 31561942 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sports practice has both benefits and physical risks. In France, data related to adolescent sports injury are rare. The main purpose of this article is to study the prevalence and risk of injuries by level of play and sports in the southeast of France. METHODS Data collection was conducted in French schools among adolescents in 2015 and 2017 (n=1849; aged 14-19). Only sports players were included (n=1366). Two level of play were created. The low-level group included adolescents playing sport either outside or within a club, at the local level of competition or below. The high-level group included adolescents playing sport within a club at the state (regional) level of competition or higher. Odds-ratios and their 95% confidence intervals adjusted for variables selected using stepwise regression procedures were calculated to determine the injury risk of high-level athletes compared with those at low-level, in each sport. We also calculated the injury risk of each sport compared to all the other sports, by level of play. RESULTS In almost all sports activities, the prevalence of injured athletes was higher in the high-level of play than in the low-level of play. The increase in injury risk was the highest in tennis, basketball, dance, athletics and volleyball. When comparing sports, at the lowest level, handball, boxing, soccer and gymnastics practitioners were more at risk than the rest of the sample. At the highest level of play, only basketball players were more at-risk. Dancing is the less dangerous sport in terms of injury outcome, regardless the level. CONCLUSION From the state level of competition, injury risk increases significantly across most of the sports. Meanwhile, differences appeared regarding the prevalence, severity and nature of the sustained injuries. It would be useful to perform such analysis on a greater sample size, ideally representative of the national population of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luiggi
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ISM, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - J Griffet
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ISM, 13009 Marseille, France
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Thompson R, Watson T. Is a professional soccer player’s dominant lower limb at higher risk of injury than their non-dominant lower limb? A systematic review. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10833196.2019.1662206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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46
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Finch CF, Goode N, Shaw L, Salmon PM. End-user experiences with two incident and injury reporting systems designed for led outdoor activities - challenges for implementation of future data systems. Inj Epidemiol 2019; 6:39. [PMID: 31516813 PMCID: PMC6732829 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-019-0214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Injury and incident (near miss) prevention is heavily dependent upon robust and high-quality data systems. Evaluations of surveillance systems designed to report factors associated with incidents and injuries are essential to understand their value, as well as to improve their performance and efficiency. Despite, this there have been few such evaluations published in the peer-review literature. Methods The attitudes and experiences of industry representatives who used one of two variants of an incident and injury surveillance system to collect injury and incident data for the led outdoor activity setting were obtained through an online self-report survey following a 12-month trial. Survey respondents were 18 representatives of 33 organisations who were users of a comprehensive incident reporting and surveillance system – the Understanding and Preventing Led Outdoor Accidents Data System Software Tool (UPLOADS-ST) - and six out of 11 users of a modified system (UPLOADS-Lite). The survey collected information on user experiences in relation to system training, accessibility, ease of use, security, feedback and perceived value to the sector of collating and reporting data across organisations. Findings Only four UPLOADS-ST responding users found the system easy to use and just three considered entering incident reports to be easy. However, many considered the training on reporting incidents to be sufficient and that the incident reports contained relevant details. Fewer than half of respondents (seven for UPLOADS-ST, three for UPLOADS-Lite) believed entering data was a good use of staff time and resources. Nonetheless, a majority of respondents (seven for UPLOADS-ST, five for UPLOADS-Lite) found the reporting format easy to read and felt the information provided was useful for their organisation. Conclusions Usability barriers to incident reporting were identified, particularly for UPLOADS-ST, including time constraints and user friendliness. The majority of users believed aggregating and reporting incident and injury data across organisations would be of value in making the led outdoor activity sector safer. Improving the utility of the surveillance systems will assist in ensuring their sustainability in the led outdoor activity sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline F Finch
- 1School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Natassia Goode
- 2Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland Australia
| | - Louise Shaw
- 3College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Paul M Salmon
- 2Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland Australia
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Shendell DG, Gonzalez L, Listwan TA, Pancella J, Blackborow M, Boyd J. Developing and Piloting a School-Based Online Adolescent Student-Athlete Concussion Surveillance System. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2019; 89:527-535. [PMID: 31016753 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increased awareness of concussions, epidemiologic surveillance efforts have been scarce, especially among adolescents. This project, which was developed with school stakeholders (certified athletic trainers [ATCs], nurses, athletic directors), piloted a public secondary school-based online surveillance tool for interscholastic and intramural sports and physical education-related concussions in New Jersey during 2014-2017 school years (SY). METHODS Participating public high schools (5 within 4 districts) and career-technical-vocational education districts (2 with 5 campuses) completed forms anonymously online via PsychData within 5 days. RESULTS There were 208 concussions reported, 115 in 2015-2016 SY and 93 in 2016-2017 SY. In fall 2015, 86 concussions were reported, including 16 from summer preseason. In fall 2016, 56 concussions were reported; 3 occurred during preseason. There were 7 concussions reported in winter 2016 and 16 in winter 2017. Twenty-two concussions were reported in spring of both 2016 and 2017. Most online forms were completed in <10 minutes, usually using either desktop computers or tablets/iPads. School nurses followed by ATCs were primary sources of data entered online, usually by ATCs. CONCLUSIONS Cooperation of nurses and ATCs at participating schools suggested online surveillance was valued and viable. Data inform future concussion prevention education and ongoing injury surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek G Shendell
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, 3rd Floor SPH Building, Suite 399, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020
- NJ Safe Schools Program, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Lauren Gonzalez
- NJ Safe Schools Program, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Tracy A Listwan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Joseph Pancella
- West Deptford High School Athletic Department, West Deptford, NJ
| | - Mary Blackborow
- Brain Injury Alliance of NJ-Concussion in Youth Sports Committee, North Brunswick, NJ
- North Brunswick High School, North Brunswick, NJ
| | - Joanna Boyd
- Brain Injury Alliance of NJ-Concussion in Youth Sports Committee, North Brunswick, NJ
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Apple RP, Karpinos AR, Bellamy DM. Novel Mobile Device-Based Tool to Document Sideline Evaluation of Athletes. Curr Sports Med Rep 2019; 18:172-177. [DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Wik EH, Materne O, Chamari K, Duque JDP, Horobeanu C, Salcinovic B, Bahr R, Johnson A. Involving research-invested clinicians in data collection affects injury incidence in youth football. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1031-1039. [PMID: 30938904 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that differences in injury definition and recording methodology restrict comparisons between injury surveillance programmes. There is, however, little documentation of the variation that can exist between data recorders. The aim of this study was, therefore, to explore the effect on reported injuries when team recorders or supervisors are involved in research. Injury data collected prospectively over five seasons for the U16, U17, and U18 age groups in a youth football (soccer) academy were used to compare different recording settings based on the research involvement of the clinicians. A research-invested team physiotherapist reported an 8.8 times greater incidence (P < 0.001) of non-time-loss injuries and a 2.5 times greater incidence (P < 0.001) of minimal injuries (1-3 days lost) compared to a setting where neither the team physiotherapists nor the supervisor relied on the collected data for research purposes. When team physiotherapists were not invested in research themselves but were supervised by a researcher, the incidence of non-time-loss injuries and minimal injuries was 2.5 times (P < 0.001) and 2.0 times greater (P < 0.01) than in the non-invested setting, respectively. However, there were no differences between recording settings for overall incidence of time-loss injuries. The results from this study demonstrate that involving clinicians that are relying on the collected data for research purposes can significantly affect the reported rates of non-time-loss and minimal injuries. Time-loss injuries overall were not affected by research investment, and should therefore be preferred for comparisons between teams and seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirik Halvorsen Wik
- Aspetar Sports Injury and Illness Prevention Programme, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olivier Materne
- National Sports Medicine Programme, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karim Chamari
- Aspetar Sports Injury and Illness Prevention Programme, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Juan David Peña Duque
- National Sports Medicine Programme, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Cosmin Horobeanu
- National Sports Medicine Programme, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Benjamin Salcinovic
- National Sports Medicine Programme, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Roald Bahr
- Aspetar Sports Injury and Illness Prevention Programme, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amanda Johnson
- National Sports Medicine Programme, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Investigation of the Influence of Reduced Graphene Oxide Flakes in the Dielectric on Surface Characteristics and Material Removal Rate in EDM. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7030071. [PMID: 30901899 PMCID: PMC6473874 DOI: 10.3390/sports7030071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Touch (rugby/football) is a minimal contact sport for which the type and incidence of injuries remains unknown in Europe. Objectives: To establish the incidence, severity and nature of injuries sustained during a four-day European Touch Championship competition. Methods: A prospective cohort design was adopted to record match-related injuries during the European Touch Championships 2016. Injuries were collected from five countries and classified using the Orchard Sports Injury Classification (OSICS-10). Data were combined from all participating countries and injury incidence was recorded as number of injuries/1000 player hours. Results: A total of 135 injuries were recorded during the tournament with injury incidence calculated as 103.5 injuries per 1000 player match hours. Injuries were mainly recorded as transient (76%) occurring most frequently in the lower limb (69%). Injuries occurred more frequently on successive days, with exception to the final day of the tournament. The number of injuries was not different between the first and second half of matches and there was no relationship between the day of the tournament and the half of the match that injury occurred. Conclusion: Match injury incidence was 103.5 injuries per 100 player match hours. The most injured site was that of the lower limb, with the most common injury type reported as muscle/tendon injury. It is postulated that fatigue plays a role in injury incidence during a multiday tournament.
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