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Huber SK, Manser P, de Bruin ED. PEMOCS: theory derivation of a concept for PErsonalized MOtor-Cognitive exergame training in chronic Stroke-a methodological paper with an application example. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1397949. [PMID: 38915297 PMCID: PMC11194322 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1397949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coping with residual cognitive and gait impairments is a prominent unmet need in community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors. Motor-cognitive exergames may be promising to address this unmet need. However, many studies have so far implemented motor-cognitive exergame interventions in an unstructured manner and suitable application protocols remain yet unclear. We, therefore, aimed to summarize existing literature on this topic, and developed a training concept for motor-cognitive exergame interventions in chronic stroke. Methods The development of the training concept for personalized motor-cognitive exergame training for stroke (PEMOCS) followed Theory Derivation procedures. This comprised (1.1) a thorough (narrative) literature search on long-term stroke rehabilitation; (1.2) a wider literature search beyond the topic of interest to identify analogies, and to induce creativity; (2) the identification of parent theories; (3) the adoption of suitable content or structure of the main parent theory; and (4) the induction of modifications to adapt it to the new field of interest. We also considered several aspects of the "Framework for Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions" by the Medical Research Council. Specifically, a feasibility study was conducted, and refining actions based on the findings were performed. Results A training concept for improving cognitive functions and gait in community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors should consider the principles for neuroplasticity, (motor) skill learning, and training. We suggest using a step-based exergame training for at least 12 weeks, 2-3 times a week for approximately 45 min. Gentile's Taxonomy for Motor Learning was identified as suitable fundament for the personalized progression and variability rules, and extended by a third cognitive dimension. Concepts and models from related fields inspired further additions and modifications to the concept. Conclusion We propose the PEMOCS concept for improving cognitive functioning and gait in community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors, which serves as a guide for structuring and implementing motor-cognitive exergame interventions. Future research should focus on developing objective performance parameters that enable personalized progression independent of the chosen exergame type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone K. Huber
- Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Research Centre, Directorate of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Motor Control and Learning Group, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Manser
- Motor Control and Learning Group, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eling D. de Bruin
- Motor Control and Learning Group, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Health, OST—Eastern Swiss University of Applied Sciences, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Afonso J, Andrade R, Rocha-Rodrigues S, Nakamura FY, Sarmento H, Freitas SR, Silva AF, Laporta L, Abarghoueinejad M, Akyildiz Z, Chen R, Pizarro A, Ramirez-Campillo R, Clemente FM. What We Do Not Know About Stretching in Healthy Athletes: A Scoping Review with Evidence Gap Map from 300 Trials. Sports Med 2024; 54:1517-1551. [PMID: 38457105 PMCID: PMC11239752 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stretching has garnered significant attention in sports sciences, resulting in numerous studies. However, there is no comprehensive overview on investigation of stretching in healthy athletes. OBJECTIVES To perform a systematic scoping review with an evidence gap map of stretching studies in healthy athletes, identify current gaps in the literature, and provide stakeholders with priorities for future research. METHODS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 and PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed. We included studies comprising healthy athletes exposed to acute and/or chronic stretching interventions. Six databases were searched (CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) until 1 January 2023. The relevant data were narratively synthesized; quantitative data summaries were provided for key data items. An evidence gap map was developed to offer an overview of the existing research and relevant gaps. RESULTS Of ~ 220,000 screened records, we included 300 trials involving 7080 athletes [mostly males (~ 65% versus ~ 20% female, and ~ 15% unreported) under 36 years of age; tiers 2 and 3 of the Participant Classification Framework] across 43 sports. Sports requiring extreme range of motion (e.g., gymnastics) were underrepresented. Most trials assessed the acute effects of stretching, with chronic effects being scrutinized in less than 20% of trials. Chronic interventions averaged 7.4 ± 5.1 weeks and never exceeded 6 months. Most trials (~ 85%) implemented stretching within the warm-up, with other application timings (e.g., post-exercise) being under-researched. Most trials examined static active stretching (62.3%), followed by dynamic stretching (38.3%) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching (12.0%), with scarce research on alternative methods (e.g., ballistic stretching). Comparators were mostly limited to passive controls, with ~ 25% of trials including active controls (e.g., strength training). The lower limbs were primarily targeted by interventions (~ 75%). Reporting of dose was heterogeneous in style (e.g., 10 repetitions versus 10 s for dynamic stretching) and completeness of information (i.e., with disparities in the comprehensiveness of the provided information). Most trials (~ 90%) reported performance-related outcomes (mainly strength/power and range of motion); sport-specific outcomes were collected in less than 15% of trials. Biomechanical, physiological, and neural/psychological outcomes were assessed sparsely and heterogeneously; only five trials investigated injury-related outcomes. CONCLUSIONS There is room for improvement, with many areas of research on stretching being underexplored and others currently too heterogeneous for reliable comparisons between studies. There is limited representation of elite-level athletes (~ 5% tier 4 and no tier 5) and underpowered sample sizes (≤ 20 participants). Research was biased toward adult male athletes of sports not requiring extreme ranges of motion, and mostly assessed the acute effects of static active stretching and dynamic stretching during the warm-up. Dose-response relationships remain largely underexplored. Outcomes were mostly limited to general performance testing. Injury prevention and other effects of stretching remain poorly investigated. These relevant research gaps should be prioritized by funding policies. REGISTRATION OSF project ( https://osf.io/6auyj/ ) and registration ( https://osf.io/gu8ya ).
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Affiliation(s)
- José Afonso
- Faculty of Sport, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Renato Andrade
- Clínica Espregueira-FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
- Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Alvares, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Tumour and Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-153, Porto, Portugal
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Fábio Yuzo Nakamura
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandro R Freitas
- Laboratório de Função Neuromuscular, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Silva
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Alvares, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo Laporta
- Núcleo de Estudos em Performance Analysis Esportiva (NEPAE/UFSM), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP: 97105-900, Brazil
| | | | - Zeki Akyildiz
- Sports Science Faculty, Department of Coaching Education, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Rongzhi Chen
- Faculty of Sport, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Pizarro
- Faculty of Sport, Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy. Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, 7591538, Santiago, Chile
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Alvares, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336, Gdańsk, Poland
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Lebiedowska A, Hartman-Petrycka M, Stolecka-Warzecha A, Odrzywołek W, Bożek M, Wilczyński S. The Influence of Skin Parameters and Body Composition on the Tolerance of Pain Stimulus Generated During Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) in Women - Pilot Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1227-1243. [PMID: 38827630 PMCID: PMC11143995 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s463676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Purpose This pilot study aims to explore how skin parameters and body composition impact the tolerance to EMS (Electrical Muscle Stimulation) stimuli in women, particularly focusing on pain tolerance in response to varying intensities of EMS. This research seeks to understand what is essential for optimizing EMS applications. Patients and Methods The study involved 16 females (age 35.9 ± 12.3). Body composition and anthropometric measurements were taken, including BMI (Body Mass Index), weight percentage, WHtR (Waist to Height Ratio), WHR (Waist-Hip Ratio), and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. High-frequency ultrasound scans were conducted to assess skin parameters. The EMS stimulation was performed using an Evolvex (InMode, Israel), with applicators placed around the abdomen and intensity adjusted according to patient tolerance, recorded at the pain threshold. Results The maximum tolerated EMS stimulus varied from 12V to 55V, with a median of 33V. Body weight showed a strong positive correlation (R=0.76, p<0.001) and hip circumference (R=0.66, p<0.001) with EMS intensity. Body fat mass (R=0.61, p=0.012) and visceral fat area (R=0.55, p=0.029) were positively correlated with EMS intensity. However, no significant correlations were observed between EMS tolerance and muscle tissue parameters or total body water content. The study also found that skin structure parameters showed no significant impact on EMS tolerance. Conclusion The study reveals that women's tolerance to EMS stimuli is influenced by various factors. Anthropometric parameters like hip circumference, body weight, skinfold, and BMI are strongly correlated with EMS tolerance. Body composition factors, particularly adipose tissue characteristics such as body fat mass and percentage, also significantly impact EMS intensity requirements, with no notable correlation to muscle tissue or water content. However, variations in skin structure, including thickness and density, do not significantly affect EMS tolerance. These insights are crucial for tailoring personalized EMS therapy to enhance effectiveness and comfort in both aesthetic and rehabilitative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Lebiedowska
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Magdalena Hartman-Petrycka
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Anna Stolecka-Warzecha
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Odrzywołek
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bożek
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Sławomir Wilczyński
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
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Hou B, Mathai TS, Liu J, Parnell C, Summers RM. Enhanced muscle and fat segmentation for CT-based body composition analysis: a comparative study. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2024:10.1007/s11548-024-03167-2. [PMID: 38758290 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-024-03167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Body composition measurements from routine abdominal CT can yield personalized risk assessments for asymptomatic and diseased patients. In particular, attenuation and volume measures of muscle and fat are associated with important clinical outcomes, such as cardiovascular events, fractures, and death. This study evaluates the reliability of an Internal tool for the segmentation of muscle and fat (subcutaneous and visceral) as compared to the well-established public TotalSegmentator tool. METHODS We assessed the tools across 900 CT series from the publicly available SAROS dataset, focusing on muscle, subcutaneous fat, and visceral fat. The Dice score was employed to assess accuracy in subcutaneous fat and muscle segmentation. Due to the lack of ground truth segmentations for visceral fat, Cohen's Kappa was utilized to assess segmentation agreement between the tools. RESULTS Our Internal tool achieved a 3% higher Dice (83.8 vs. 80.8) for subcutaneous fat and a 5% improvement (87.6 vs. 83.2) for muscle segmentation, respectively. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed that our results were statistically different with p < 0.01. For visceral fat, the Cohen's Kappa score of 0.856 indicated near-perfect agreement between the two tools. Our internal tool also showed very strong correlations for muscle volume (R2 =0.99), muscle attenuation (R2 =0.93), and subcutaneous fat volume (R2 =0.99) with a moderate correlation for subcutaneous fat attenuation (R2 =0.45). CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that our Internal tool outperformed TotalSegmentator in measuring subcutaneous fat and muscle. The high Cohen's Kappa score for visceral fat suggests a reliable level of agreement between the two tools. These results demonstrate the potential of our tool in advancing the accuracy of body composition analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hou
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | - Jianfei Liu
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Ronald M Summers
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
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5
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Knopp M, Appelhans D, Schönfelder M, Seiler S, Wackerhage H. Quantitative Analysis of 92 12-Week Sub-elite Marathon Training Plans. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:50. [PMID: 38695978 PMCID: PMC11065819 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A typical training plan is a mix of many training sessions with different intensities and durations to achieve a specific goal, like running a marathon in a certain time. Scientific publications provide little specific information to aid in writing a comprehensive training plan. This review aims to systematically and quantitatively analyse the last 12 weeks before a marathon as recommended in 92 sub-elite training plans. METHODS We retrieved 92 marathon training plans and linked their running training sessions to five intensity zones. Subsequently, each training plan was grouped based on the total running volume in peak week into high (> 90 km/week), middle (65-90 km/week), and low (< 65 km/week) training volume plan categories. RESULTS In the final 12 weeks before a race, recommended weekly running volume averaged 108 km, 59 km, and 43 km for high, middle, and low distance marathon training plans. The intensity distribution of these plans followed a pyramidal training structure with 15-67-10-5-3%, 14-63-18-2-3%, and 12-67-17-2-2% in zones 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, for high, middle, and low volume training plans, respectively. CONCLUSIONS By quantitatively analysing 92 recommended marathon training plans, we can specify typical recommendations for the last 12 weeks before a marathon race. Whilst this approach has obvious limitations such as no evidence for the effectiveness of the training plans investigated, it is arguably a useful strategy to narrow the gap between science and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Knopp
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Connollystraße 32, 80809, Munich, Germany.
- adidas Innovation, adidas AG, Adi-Dassler-Str. 1, 91074, Herzogenaurach, Germany.
| | - Daniel Appelhans
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Connollystraße 32, 80809, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Schönfelder
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Connollystraße 32, 80809, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephen Seiler
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Connollystraße 32, 80809, Munich, Germany
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6
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Hou B, Mathai TS, Liu J, Parnell C, Summers RM. Enhanced Muscle and Fat Segmentation for CT-Based Body Composition Analysis: A Comparative Study. ARXIV 2024:arXiv:2401.05294v2. [PMID: 38410656 PMCID: PMC10896370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Body composition measurements from routine abdominal CT can yield personalized risk assessments for asymptomatic and diseased patients. In particular, attenuation and volume measures of muscle and fat are associated with important clinical outcomes, such as cardiovascular events, fractures, and death. This study evaluates the reliability of an Internal tool for the segmentation of muscle and fat (subcutaneous and visceral) as compared to the well-established public TotalSegmentator tool. Methods We assessed the tools across 900 CT series from the publicly available SAROS dataset, focusing on muscle, subcutaneous fat, and visceral fat. The Dice score was employed to assess accuracy in subcutaneous fat and muscle segmentation. Due to the lack of ground truth segmentations for visceral fat, Cohen's Kappa was utilized to assess segmentation agreement between the tools. Results Our Internal tool achieved a 3% higher Dice (83.8 vs. 80.8) for subcutaneous fat and a 5% improvement (87.6 vs. 83.2) for muscle segmentation respectively. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed that our results were statistically different with p < 0.01. For visceral fat, the Cohen's kappa score of 0.856 indicated near-perfect agreement between the two tools. Our internal tool also showed very strong correlations for muscle volume (R2=0.99), muscle attenuation (R2=0.93), and subcutaneous fat volume (R2=0.99) with a moderate correlation for subcutaneous fat attenuation (R2=0.45). Conclusion Our findings indicated that our Internal tool outperformed TotalSegmentator in measuring subcutaneous fat and muscle. The high Cohen's Kappa score for visceral fat suggests a reliable level of agreement between the two tools. These results demonstrate the potential of our tool in advancing the accuracy of body composition analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hou
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Bethesda MD, USA
| | | | - Jianfei Liu
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Bethesda MD, USA
| | | | - Ronald M Summers
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Bethesda MD, USA
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Jiménez-Morcillo J, Rodriguez-Besteiro S, Clemente-Suárez VJ. The Nexus of Training Duration, Body Image, Nutritional Practices, and Mental Health: Insights from a Strength Training Cohort. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:267. [PMID: 38667063 PMCID: PMC11047612 DOI: 10.3390/bs14040267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the intricate relationship between strength training and its effects on body image, psychological health, and nutritional habits. By examining 605 participants, divided into two groups based on training frequency, the research aimed to discern how varying intensities of training influenced different wellness facets. The investigation employed a comprehensive survey, gathering demographic data, training specifics, dietary patterns, and psychological characteristics, utilizing statistical tools for analysis. Results unveiled significant differences in dietary habits and psychological profiles between groups with higher and lower training frequencies. The group with more frequent training displayed less favourable health outcomes and suboptimal dietary habits, challenging the prevailing notion that increased training frequency leads to better health. The study emphasized the necessity of a balanced approach to physical training, highlighting the need for personalized strategies that encompass both physical and mental health considerations. The findings exposed the complexities of training regimens and their broader implications on individual health, suggesting that enhanced training frequency alone does not assure improved health outcomes. This research significantly contributed to the domain by providing insights into how the frequency of strength training could differentially affect health and well-being, offering valuable guidelines for fitness professionals and healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Jiménez-Morcillo
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.-M.); (V.J.C.-S.)
| | - Stephanie Rodriguez-Besteiro
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.-M.); (V.J.C.-S.)
| | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.-M.); (V.J.C.-S.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
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Martín-Rodríguez A, Belinchón-deMiguel P, Rubio-Zarapuz A, Tornero-Aguilera JF, Martínez-Guardado I, Villanueva-Tobaldo CV, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Advances in Understanding the Interplay between Dietary Practices, Body Composition, and Sports Performance in Athletes. Nutrients 2024; 16:571. [PMID: 38398895 PMCID: PMC10892519 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The dietary practices of athletes play a crucial role in shaping their body composition, influencing sports performance, training adaptations, and overall health. However, despite the widely acknowledged significance of dietary intake in athletic success, there exists a gap in our understanding of the intricate relationships between nutrition, body composition, and performance. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that many athletes fail to adopt optimal nutritional practices, which can impede their potential achievements. In response, this Special Issue seeks to gather research papers that delve into athletes' dietary practices and their potential impacts on body composition and sports performance. Additionally, studies focusing on interventions aimed at optimizing dietary habits are encouraged. This paper outlines the key aspects and points that will be developed in the ensuing articles of this Special Issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (A.R.-Z.); (V.J.C.-S.)
| | - Pedro Belinchón-deMiguel
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Nutrition, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Rubio-Zarapuz
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (A.R.-Z.); (V.J.C.-S.)
| | - Jose Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (A.R.-Z.); (V.J.C.-S.)
| | - Ismael Martínez-Guardado
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Camilo José Cela University, C. Castillo de Alarcón, 49, Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (A.R.-Z.); (V.J.C.-S.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
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Zhu YH, Hu P, Luo YX, Yao XQ. Knowledge mapping of trends and hotspots in the field of exercise and cognition research over the past decade. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:19. [PMID: 38308660 PMCID: PMC10838253 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Exercise elicits a wide range of physiological responses in mammalian tissues that enhance a broad range of functions, particularly in improving cognitive performance. However, the field lacks a comprehensive bibliometric analysis that clarifies its knowledge structure and research hotspots. This study aims to address this gap and map the research landscape regarding the role of exercise in cognitive function enhancement. Firstly, the frequencies and co-occurrence of keywords were analysed to identify six main clusters: aging, cognitive impairment, rehabilitation, obesity, fatigue, and hippocampus. Secondly, reference timeline co-citation analysis revealed that hippocampus and aging were the major bursts with high intensity and long attention span while children had recently emerged as a topical subject. Finally, the evolution of themes from 2012 to 2022 was analysed, and found that older adults had been the leading research theme for exercise affecting cognition. Childhood obesity was an emerging theme that attracted increasing research attention in recent years while the hippocampus research theme expanded rapidly during the decade but remained a niche topic with less relevance to others. This research identified and summarised research priorities and evolutionary trends in exercise to improve cognition by constructing knowledge networks through visual analysis. It provides researchers with a comprehensive insight into the current state of the field to facilitate further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hai Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya-Xi Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiu-Qing Yao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Chongqing, China.
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Gluchowski A, Bilsborough H, McDermott J, Hawley-Hague H, Todd C. Exercise instructors are not consistently implementing the strength component of the UK chief medical officers' physical activity guidelines in their exercise prescription for older adults. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2432. [PMID: 38057809 PMCID: PMC10699034 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Strength training recommendations have been embedded within the UK's Chief Medical Officers' physical activity guidelines since 2011. There is limited evidence that these recommendations are used by exercise instructors in the community to underpin strength training prescription in the older adult population. This study aimed to explore exercise instructors' awareness and utilisation of the guidelines when prescribing strength training to older adults. Fifteen exercise instructors working with older adults in the UK participated in one online interview. A general inductive approach was conducted and thematic analysis allowed for major themes to be identified from the raw data. We found that most exercise instructors (n = 9), but not all (n = 6), were aware of the guidelines. Only one instructor (n = 1) had reportedly implemented the guidelines into their practice; other instructors reported that the guidelines were irrelevant. Instead, each of the instructors had their preferred sources of information that they relied on to underpin their exercise prescription, and each had their own interpretation of 'evidence-based strength training.' This individualised interpretation resulted in exceptionally varied prescription in the community and does not necessarily align with the progressive, evidence-based prescription known to build muscular strength. We suggest that (i) more detail on how to build muscular strength be embedded within the guidelines, (ii) a handbook on how to implement the guidelines be made available, (iii) theoretical and practical teaching materials and courses be updated, and/or (iv) a re-(education) of exercise instructors already in the field may be necessary to bring about a consistent, evidence-based strength prescription necessary for the best possible health and longevity outcomes for our ageing population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Bilsborough
- Healthy Ageing Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jane McDermott
- Healthy Ageing Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Helen Hawley-Hague
- Healthy Ageing Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Chris Todd
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Applied Research Collaboration-Greater Manchester, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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11
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Boullosa D, Claudino JG, Fernandez-Fernandez J, Bok D, Loturco I, Stults-Kolehmainen M, García-López J, Foster C. The Fine-Tuning Approach for Training Monitoring. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:1374-1379. [PMID: 37689401 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Monitoring is a fundamental part of the training process to guarantee that the programmed training loads are executed by athletes and result in the intended adaptations and enhanced performance. A number of monitoring tools have emerged during the last century in sport. These tools capture different facets (eg, psychophysiological, physical, biomechanical) of acute training bouts and chronic adaptations while presenting specific advantages and limitations. Therefore, there is a need to identify what tools are more efficient in each sport context for better monitoring of training process. METHODS AND RESULTS We present and discuss the fine-tuning approach for training monitoring, which consists of identifying and combining the best monitoring tools with experts' knowledge in different sport settings, designed to improve (1) the control of actual training loads and (2) understanding of athletes' training adaptations. Instead of using single-tool approaches or merely subjective decision making, the identification of the best combination of monitoring tools to assist experts' decisions in each specific context (ie, triangulation) is necessary to better understand the link between acute and chronic adaptations and their impact on health and performance. Future studies should elaborate on the identification of the best combination of monitoring tools for each specific sport setting. CONCLUSION The fine-tuning monitoring approach requires the simultaneous use of several valid and practical tools, instead of a single tool, to improve the effectiveness of monitoring practices when added to experts' knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Boullosa
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - João Gustavo Claudino
- Group of Research, Innovation and Technology Applied to Sport (GSporTech), Department of Physical Education, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Bok
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irineu Loturco
- Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Juan García-López
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Carl Foster
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, USA
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12
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Currier BS, Mcleod JC, Banfield L, Beyene J, Welton NJ, D'Souza AC, Keogh JAJ, Lin L, Coletta G, Yang A, Colenso-Semple L, Lau KJ, Verboom A, Phillips SM. Resistance training prescription for muscle strength and hypertrophy in healthy adults: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:1211-1220. [PMID: 37414459 PMCID: PMC10579494 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine how distinct combinations of resistance training prescription (RTx) variables (load, sets and frequency) affect muscle strength and hypertrophy. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched until February 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomised trials that included healthy adults, compared at least 2 predefined conditions (non-exercise control (CTRL) and 12 RTx, differentiated by load, sets and/or weekly frequency), and reported muscle strength and/or hypertrophy were included. ANALYSES Systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis methodology was used to compare RTxs and CTRL. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve values were used to rank conditions. Confidence was assessed with threshold analysis. RESULTS The strength network included 178 studies (n=5097; women=45%). The hypertrophy network included 119 studies (n=3364; women=47%). All RTxs were superior to CTRL for muscle strength and hypertrophy. Higher-load (>80% of single repetition maximum) prescriptions maximised strength gains, and all prescriptions comparably promoted muscle hypertrophy. While the calculated effects of many prescriptions were similar, higher-load, multiset, thrice-weekly training (standardised mean difference (95% credible interval); 1.60 (1.38 to 1.82) vs CTRL) was the highest-ranked RTx for strength, and higher-load, multiset, twice-weekly training (0.66 (0.47 to 0.85) vs CTRL) was the highest-ranked RTx for hypertrophy. Threshold analysis demonstrated these results were extremely robust. CONCLUSION All RTx promoted strength and hypertrophy compared with no exercise. The highest-ranked prescriptions for strength involved higher loads, whereas the highest-ranked prescriptions for hypertrophy included multiple sets. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021259663 and CRD42021258902.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad S Currier
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan C Mcleod
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Banfield
- Health Sciences Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Beyene
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicky J Welton
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alysha C D'Souza
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua A J Keogh
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lydia Lin
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giulia Coletta
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antony Yang
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Colenso-Semple
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle J Lau
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandria Verboom
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Coleman M, Burke R, Benavente C, Piñero A, Augustin F, Maldonado J, Fisher JP, Oberlin D, Vigotsky AD, Schoenfeld BJ. Supervision during resistance training positively influences muscular adaptations in resistance-trained individuals. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1207-1217. [PMID: 37789670 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2261090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the effects of supervised versus unsupervised resistance training (RT) on measures of muscle strength and hypertrophy in resistance-trained individuals. Thirty-six young men and women were randomly assigned to one of two experimental, parallel groups to complete an 8-week RT programme: One group received direct supervision for their RT sessions (SUP); the other group performed the same RT programme in an unsupervised manner (UNSUP). Programme variables were kept constant between groups. We obtained pre- and post-study assessments of body composition via multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA), muscle thickness of the upper and lower limbs via ultrasound, 1 repetition maximum (RM) in the back squat and bench press, isometric knee extension strength, and countermovement jump (CMJ) height. Results showed the SUP group generally achieved larger increases in muscle thickness for the triceps brachii, all sites of the rectus femoris, and the proximal region of the vastus lateralis. MF-BIA indicated increases in lean mass favoured SUP. Squat 1RM was greater for SUP; bench press 1RM and isometric knee extension were similar between conditions. CMJ increases modestly favoured UNSUP. In conclusion, our findings suggest that supervised RT promotes greater muscular adaptations and enhances exercise adherence in young, resistance-trained individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Coleman
- Applied Muscle Development Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Recreation, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Burke
- Applied Muscle Development Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Recreation, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Cristina Benavente
- Applied Muscle Development Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Recreation, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alec Piñero
- Applied Muscle Development Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Recreation, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Francesca Augustin
- Applied Muscle Development Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Recreation, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jaime Maldonado
- Applied Muscle Development Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Recreation, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - James P Fisher
- Department of Sport and Health, Solent University, Southampton, UK
| | - Douglas Oberlin
- Applied Muscle Development Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Recreation, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Andrew D Vigotsky
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Statistics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Brad J Schoenfeld
- Applied Muscle Development Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Recreation, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, USA
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14
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Ritson AJ, Hearris MA, Bannock LG. Bridging the gap: Evidence-based practice guidelines for sports nutritionists. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1118547. [PMID: 37063331 PMCID: PMC10090397 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1118547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence-based practice is a systematic approach to decision-making developed in the 1990s to help healthcare professionals identify and use the best available evidence to guide clinical practice and patient outcomes amid a plethora of information in often challenging, time-constrained circumstances. Today’s sports nutrition practitioners face similar challenges, as they must assess and judge the quality of evidence and its appropriateness to their athlete, in the often chaotic, time-pressed environment of professional sport. To this end, we present an adapted version of the evidence-based framework to support practitioners in navigating their way through the deluge of available information and guide their recommendations to athletes whilst also reflecting on their practice experience and skills as evidence-based practitioners, thus, helping to bridge the gap between science and practice in sport and exercise nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. Ritson
- The Institute of Performance Nutrition, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Hearris
- The Institute of Performance Nutrition, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent G. Bannock
- The Institute of Performance Nutrition, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Laurent G. Bannock,
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15
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Oestergaard AS, Sandal LF, Smidt TF, Søgaard K. Intelligent Physical Exercise Training (IPET) in the offshore wind industry: a feasibility study with an adjusted conceptual model. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:152. [PMID: 35870979 PMCID: PMC9308937 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01106-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Good physical health and capacity is a requirement for offshore wind service technicians (WTs) who have substantial physical work demands and are exposed to numerous health hazards. Workplace physical exercise has shown promise for improving physical health and work ability among various occupational groups. Therefore, we aimed to assess the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of Intelligent Physical Exercise Training (IPET) among WTs in the offshore wind industry.
Methods
A within-subject design was used to assess the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of IPET (one hour/week individualized exercise during working hours). The intervention period was 12 weeks, with the first eight weeks performed on site as supervised or partly supervised exercise during work hours and the last four weeks planned as home-administered exercise after the seasonal offshore service period. Three assessments, T1 (six months prior to intervention start), T2 (start of intervention) and T3 (end of intervention), of physical health and capacity (self-reported and objective measurements) were conducted and the period between T1 and T2 served as a within-subject control period. Primary outcome was feasibility measured as compliance, adherence, adverse events, and participant acceptability. Descriptive statistics were used to present feasibility outcomes. Preliminary efficacy was reported as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals for health and physical capacity outcomes between T1 and T2, between T2 and T3 and between T1 and T3.
Results
All WTs at the included wind farm (n=24, age: 40 years (SD±8)) participated in the study. No serious adverse events were reported. Compliance and adherence of 95 and 80% respectively, were reached in the eight-week supervised part, but were lower when exercise was home-administered (<20%). Acceptability was high for the supervised part, with 83% indicating that the exercise program worked well and 100% that exercise should be implemented as an integrated part of the working structure. Changes in physical capacity and health indicators, such as VO2max (ml O2/kg/min) at T1 (38.6 (SD±7.2)), T2 (44.1 (SD±9)) and T3 (45.8 (SD±6.5)), may indicate seasonal fluctuations as well as improvements from the intervention.
Conclusion
On-site Intelligent Physical Exercise Training during working hours was feasible and well received among WTs in the offshore wind industry. The proceeding of larger-scale evaluation and implementation is therefore recommended.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov
(Identifier: NCT04995718). Retrospectively registered on August 6, 2021,
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16
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Beato M. Recommendations for the design of randomized controlled trials in strength and conditioning. Common design and data interpretation. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:981836. [PMID: 36157898 PMCID: PMC9493045 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.981836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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17
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The Relationship between Exercise and Salivary Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081489. [PMID: 36009209 PMCID: PMC9405445 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary content has been reported as a potential biomarker for oxidative stress assessments especially in context of exercise-induced oxidative stress. This systematic review following PRISMA guidelines aimed to evaluate the effects of physical exercise and changes promoted in oxidative stress identified in saliva. Methods: Studies published up to May 2022 were searched in online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, LILACS, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar). Risk of bias evaluation were performed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Before-After (Pre-Post) Studies with No Control Group. Results: A total of 473 references were identified and 22 considered eligible. In this case 14 studies reported increase of antioxidant parameters in saliva while eight studies demonstrated increased lipid peroxidation after exercise. Regarding nitrite levels, two studies showed higher levels after exercise. The quality of evidence was very low due to high heterogeneity, inconsistency and indirectness among studies according Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation analysis. Conclusion: Increase of oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in saliva appears to be present after exercise, especially at moderate intensity. However, the wide variety of methods leads to divergent data. For precision in salivary assessments, new research with larger sample sizes and better participant matching are recommended.
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18
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Almarcha M, González I, Balagué N, Javierre C. Prescribing or co-designing exercise in healthy adults? Effects on mental health and interoceptive awareness. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:944193. [PMID: 35967899 PMCID: PMC9366851 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.944193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Universal exercise recommendations for adults neglect individual preferences, changing constraints, and their potential impact on associated health benefits. A recent proposal suggests replacing the standardized World Health Organisation (WHO) exercise recommendations for healthy adults by co-designed interventions where individuals participate actively in the decisions about the selected physical activities and the effort regulation. This study contrasts the effects on mental health and interoceptive awareness of a co-designed and co-adapted exercise intervention with an exercise program based on the WHO recommendations for healthy adults. Twenty healthy adults (10 men and 10 women, 40–55 y.o.) participated voluntarily in the research. They were randomly assigned to a co-designed exercise intervention (CoD group) and a prescribed exercise program (WHO group). Supervised online by specialized personal trainers, both programs lasted 9 weeks and were equivalent in volume and intensity. The effects of the exercise intervention were tested through personal interviews, questionnaires (DASS-21 and MAIA) and a cardiorespiratory exercise test. Intragroup differences (pre-post) were assessed using the Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon test and intergroup differences through Student’s t-tests. Effect sizes were calculated through Cohen’s d. Interviews were analyzed through thematic analysis. Eleven participants completed the intervention (CoD = 8, WHO = 5). Both groups improved, but non significantly, their cardiorespiratory testing results, and no differences were found between them post-intervention. Mental health was only enhanced in the CoD group (p < 0.001), and interoceptive awareness improved in seven of the eight scales in the CoD group (p < 0.001) and only in 3 scales in the WHO group (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the co-designed intervention was more effective for developing mental health, interoceptive awareness, autonomy, and exercise self-regulation than the WHO-based exercise program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricarmen Almarcha
- Complex Systems in Sport Research Group, Institut Nacional d’Educació Física de Catalunya, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio González
- Institut Nacional d’Educació Física de Catalunya, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natàlia Balagué
- Complex Systems in Sport Research Group, Institut Nacional d’Educació Física de Catalunya, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Natàlia Balagué,
| | - Casimiro Javierre
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Zhao Y, Wang W, Wang M, Gao F, Hu C, Cui B, Yu W, Ren H. Personalized individual-based exercise prescriptions are effective in treating depressive symptoms of college students during the COVID-19: A randomized controlled trial in China. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1015725. [PMID: 36699477 PMCID: PMC9869038 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1015725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously increased depression prevalence among the public, including Chinese college students. However, many exercise cannot be performed as usual under the stay-at-home order. This study was a 12-week three-arm randomized controlled trial using the intention-to-treat principle, aiming to explore and compare the feasibility and effect of individual-based personalized aerobic-exercise and resistance-training prescriptions on depressive symptoms in college students, and conclude with some recommendations for individual-based exercise prescriptions. METHODS Eighty-six college students with depressive symptoms were randomized into aerobic-exercise (AE), resistance-training (RT), and wait-list control (WLC) groups. Participants in two experimental groups received 12-week personalized AE and RT prescriptions on their individual situations, respectively. No intervention was implemented on participants in the WLC group. Depressive symptoms and physical activity (PA) were measured by Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), respectively. All data were collected at the baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, and 4-week post-intervention. RESULTS At 12 weeks, 72.09% of depressive participants improved to "normal." Participants exhibited a statistical reduction in SDS in all 3 groups (p < 0.05) at 12 weeks compared to baseline. Follow-up assessments showed no significant increase in SDS at 4-week post-intervention compared to 12 weeks (p > 0.05). The independent t-test revealed significantly lower SDS in AE and RT group than in WLC group (p AE < 0.001 and p RT < 0.05) at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, and 4-week post-intervention. Furthermore, the PA of participants (including total PA and intensities) in both experimental groups represented a significant improvement at 4-week post-intervention compared to baseline (p < 0.05), while no differences were observed in the PA of participants in the WLC group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Personalized exercise prescriptions have good feasibility as they can increase adherence to intervention and reduce serious adverse events. Besides, individual-based personalized aerobic-exercise and resistance-training prescriptions result in a similar effect in relieving depressive symptoms and improving physical activity in college students. The individual-based exercise programs performed in 45- to 60- min with progressive moderate-to-vigorous intensity, 3 times/week for at least 12 weeks, may reduce depressive symptoms in college students during the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Zhao
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdie Wang
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Gao
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Hu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Cui
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlang Yu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Ren
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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