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Garcia RI, Khemka S, Roghani AK, Reddy RP, Pattoor V, Jacob M, Reddy A, Sehar U, Reddy PH. Caring for Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease: A Spotlight on Hispanic Caregivers. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2024; 8:877-902. [PMID: 38910940 PMCID: PMC11191631 DOI: 10.3233/adr-240035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A caregiver is a constantly evolving role that an individual most likely undertakes at some point in their lifetime. With discoveries and research in increasing life expectancy, the prevalence of neurological-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia, is certainly likely to require more caregivers. The demand for AD caregivers is escalating as the prevalence of the disease continues to rise. The projected rise in AD within the Hispanic population in the United States over the next few decades is expected to be the most significant among all ethnic groups. The Hispanic population faces unique dementia risks due to cultural factors like language barriers, lower education, and limited healthcare access. Higher rates of conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease further elevate dementia risk. Family dynamics and caregiving responsibilities also differ, affecting dementia management within Hispanic households. Addressing these distinct challenges requires culturally sensitive approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and support for Hispanic individuals and their family's facing dementia. With AD and other dementia becoming more prevalent, this article will attempt to expand upon the status of caregivers concerning their economic, health, and cultural statuses. We will attempt to focus on the Hispanic caregivers that live in Texas and more specifically, West Texas due to the lack of current literature that applies to this area of Texas. Lastly, we discuss the ramifications of a multitude of factors that affect caregivers in Texas and attempt to provide tools that can be readily available for Hispanics and others alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Isaiah Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sachi Khemka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Aryan Kia Roghani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Frenship High School, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ruhananhad P. Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Lubbock High School, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Vasanthkumar Pattoor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael Jacob
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Aananya Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Lubbock High School, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Services, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Immigrant Parents' Perceived Social Support and Their Children's Oral Health Behaviors and Caries Experience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148250. [PMID: 35886104 PMCID: PMC9323738 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the associations between immigrant parents’ perceived social support (PSS) and their children’s oral health behaviors (OHB) and caries experience. We recruited immigrant parents and children aged 2−12 years. Data were collected on the sociodemographic and OHB information of the children. The parents’ total PSS score and its dimensions were measured using the validated Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ2000). Dental examinations determined the children’s caries experience using the DMFT/dmft index. A total of 336 parents and children were included in the study. Household income predicted the parents’ PSS (B = −5.69; 95% CI −9.077, −2.32). Children of parents with higher PSS reported ≥2 toothbrushing/day (p ≤ 0.05). Among the PSS domains, parental education level predicted their social integration (B = −0.16; 95% CI −0.30, −0.02) and nurturance (B = −0.24; 95% CI −0.43, −0.06). Family income predicted social integration (B = −0.17; 95% CI −0.33 −0.01), worth (B = −0.23; 95% CI −0.39 −0.06), and assistance (B = −0.22; 95% CI −0.42 −0.01). Parents with higher scores of intimacy and social integration were more aware of their children’s oral health (p = 0.01). The parental social integration mean scores were significantly higher among parents whose children consumed ≥1 sugary snack/day (p = 0.02). All five domain scores were significantly higher among parents of children who reported ≥2 toothbrushing/day compared with children who brushed <2/day (p < 0.05). The results demonstrated that parents’ PSS only improved their children’s toothbrushing frequency. Compared to other domains, social integration was significantly associated with children’s OHB. Neither parental PSS total score nor domains were associated with DMFT/dmft.
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Dahlan R, Bohlouli B, Salami B, Saltaji H, Amin M. Parental acculturation and oral health of children among immigrants. J Public Health Dent 2021; 82:426-436. [PMID: 34672365 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations between parental acculturation level and strategies and children's caries experience and oral health (OH) behaviors. METHODS Participants were immigrant parents of children aged 2-12 years. Data were collected by validated questionnaires gathering information on socio-demographics, child's OH behaviors, and parents'; acculturation and dental examinations determining child's caries experience using DMFT/dmft index. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used. RESULTS Three hundred and thirty-six parent/child dyads completed the study. Length of residency (B = 0.103; 95% CI: 0.064, 0.141) parents' education (B = 1.691; 95% CI: 1.228, 2.155), and household income (B = -0.959; 95% CI: -1.566, -0.352) significantly predicted acculturation level. Parents with high Canadian cultural knowledge reported higher frequency of children's toothbrushing (p-value = 0.015). Parents of children who consumed sugar >1/day had higher mean scores of acculturation to Canadian culture (p-value = 0.016), English language proficiency (p-value = 0.024), and Canadian food adoption (p-value = 0.046). Parents of children who visited the dentist within last 12 months had significantly higher assimilation and lower separation mean scores. Parents of children who visited dentist because of dental problems had higher marginalization mean score than those who went for check-ups (p-value = 0.046). Parental acculturation was not significantly correlated with their children's dmft/DMFT level. CONCLUSIONS Children of highly acculturated parents reported higher toothbrushing frequency and were more likely to consume sugar than children of less acculturated parents. Assimilated parents reported more and marginalized parents reported less favorable OH behaviors than other categories. Parental acculturation level or strategy was not associated with children's caries experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Dahlan
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Babak Bohlouli
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bukola Salami
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Humam Saltaji
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maryam Amin
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Figueroa R, Isasi CR, Perreira KM, McClain AC, Gallo LC, Sotres-Alvarez D, Delamater AM, Daviglus M, Van Horn L, Mattei J. Targeting family functioning, acculturative stress, and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption for obesity prevention: findings from the Hispanic community children's health study/study of Latino youth. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1546. [PMID: 33054741 PMCID: PMC7559747 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maintaining a bond with one’s family as well coping with stress while acculturating to the US may protect Hispanic/Latino youth from increased sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption, which heightens the risk for overweight and obesity. This study aims to examine associations between acculturative stress, family functioning, and SSB consumption by acculturation status among U.S. Hispanic/Latino youth. Methods With cross-sectional data on 1465 youth 8-16y (49.6% females) participating in the Hispanic Community Children’s Health Study/Study of Latino Youth, we classified youths into four acculturation groups – assimilated, integrated, marginalized/separated, and unclassified. SSB consumption was assessed through two 24-h diet recalls and defined as intake frequency of soda, fruit juice, sweetened soft and fruit drinks. Multi-group path regression models were used to test associations of Hispanic/Latino youth’ acculturative stress and family functioning with SSB consumption, as well as the moderating role of acculturation status. Results When controlling for age, sex, and study site, acculturative stress (β = − 0.13, p = 0.01) was inversely associated with SSB, and poor family functioning (β = 0.11, p = 0.07) was only marginally associated with SSB consumption among youth classified as assimilated but not among youth classified as integrated, marginalized/separated, or unclassified. Conclusions A socio-ecological perspective that incorporates the role of key acculturation-related factors across multiple levels may aid efforts to identify mechanisms that influence the relationship between acculturation status and diet among Hispanic/Latino youth and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Figueroa
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krista M Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amanda C McClain
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alan M Delamater
- Department of Pediatrics, Mailman Center for Child Development, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Josiemer Mattei
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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Johansen CM, Reynolds KD, Xie B, Unger JB, Ames SL. Acculturation and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among Hispanic adolescents: The moderating effect of impulsivity. Appetite 2019; 134:142-147. [PMID: 30578800 PMCID: PMC7895500 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is a risk factor for obesity. Acculturation to the United States (US) might increase sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among Hispanic adolescents, but few moderators of this relationship have been examined. This study examined the moderating influence of impulsivity on the association between acculturation and sugar-sweetened beverages. Hispanic adolescents (n = 154), 14-17 years, were identified and screened for eligibility through low-SES high schools and parents provided consent. Adolescents completed measures of acculturation using Unger's 8-item acculturation scale, impulsivity, and diet. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the main effect of acculturation and the interaction of acculturation with impulsivity on the diet outcomes: sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and percent of calories from sugar. Acculturation was positively associated with sugar-sweetened beverages (β = 0.43; p < .05). The interaction of acculturation x impulsivity was significant (β = 0.42, p < .05). Among youth who were more acculturated, those who were more impulsive consumed more sugar-sweetened beverages. Youth who were more acculturated, but less impulsive consumed less sugar-sweetened beverages. Neurocognitive variables such as impulsivity may be important moderators of the influence of acculturation on dietary behavior. Targeted messaging strategies based on levels of acculturation and impulsivity might enhance the effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages among Hispanic adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Johansen
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, 675 W. Foothill Blvd, Suite 310, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA.
| | - Kim D Reynolds
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, 675 W. Foothill Blvd, Suite 310, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA.
| | - Bin Xie
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, 675 W. Foothill Blvd, Suite 310, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA.
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N. Soto St., SSB 302, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Susan L Ames
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, 675 W. Foothill Blvd, Suite 310, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA.
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Arandia G, Sotres-Alvarez D, Siega-Riz AM, Arredondo EM, Carnethon MR, Delamater AM, Gallo LC, Isasi CR, Marchante AN, Pritchard D, Van Horn L, Perreira KM. Associations between acculturation, ethnic identity, and diet quality among U.S. Hispanic/Latino Youth: Findings from the HCHS/SOL Youth Study. Appetite 2018; 129:25-36. [PMID: 29928939 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acculturation among Hispanic/Latinos has been linked to deteriorating dietary quality that may contribute to obesity risks. This study examined the relationship between acculturation, ethnic identity, and dietary quality in U.S. Hispanic/Latino youth. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1298 Hispanic/Latino youth ages 8-16 from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (HCHS/SOL Youth), an ancillary study of offspring of participants in the adult HCHS/SOL cohort. Multivariable regression analyses assessed relationships between acculturation and ethnic identity with dietary quality as measured by Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores, accounting for covariates, design effects, and sample weights. We also compared HEI scores by immigrant generation and language of interview. RESULTS Youth were 12 ± 2.5 -years and 49.3% female. They were placed into five acculturation categories-including 48% integrated (bicultural orientation), 32.7% assimilated (high U.S. and low Latino orientation), 5.9% separated (high Latino and low U.S. orientation) or marginalized (neither U.S. nor Latino orientation), and 13.3% unclassified. Mean HEI was 53.8; there were no differences in HEI scores by acculturation category, but integrated youth had higher whole grains scores, lower sodium scores, and lower empty calories scores compared to assimilated youth. There were no differences in HEI scores by ethnic identity scores, and no consistent trend between dietary quality and ethnic identity. First- and second-generation youth had higher HEI scores, compared to third-generation youth, and, Spanish-speaking youth had higher HEI scores compared to English-speaking youth. CONCLUSION Results suggest that integrated youth in the U.S. may engage in healthier eating behaviors than those who are assimilated. Additional research on Hispanic/Latino youths' acculturation and diet can inform health promotion efforts to improve eating habits and health outcomes among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Arandia
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 302 Rosenau Hall, CB #7440, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7440, USA.
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W. Franklin Street, Suite 450, CB #8030, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA.
| | - Anna Maria Siega-Riz
- School of Nursing at University of Virginia, 225 Jeanette Lancaster Way, Charlottesville, VA 22903-3388, USA.
| | - Elva M Arredondo
- San Diego State University Graduate School of Global Public Health, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite #221, San Diego, CA 92123-4311, USA.
| | - Mercedes R Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 N Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Alan M Delamater
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Mailman Center (MCCD), 1601 NW 12th Ave., Room 4048, Miami, FL 33136-1005, USA.
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite 110, San Diego, CA 92123-4311, USA.
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Belfer Building, Room 1308, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Ashley N Marchante
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce De Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA.
| | - David Pritchard
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W. Franklin Street, Suite 450, CB #8030, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA.
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 N Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Krista M Perreira
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #8120, 123 W. Franklin St., Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA.
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