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Mukantwali MB, Niyonsenga J, Uwingeneye L, Kanyamanza CU, Mutabaruka J. Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress and their risk and protective factors among secondary students in Rwanda during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306389. [PMID: 38950039 PMCID: PMC11216594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Compelling evidence shows that the COVID-19 pandemic has detrimental effects on the mental health of university students. However, little is known about the psychological distress experienced by students from high schools during the pandemic. This study, therefore, sought to examine the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress and their associated factors among students from high schools in Rwanda. METHODS AND MATERIALS A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 students randomly selected from high schools. Data were collected using standardized measures of mental disorders and their associated factors. Bivariate and multivariate analyses based on the odds ratio were used to indicate the associated factors of anxiety, depression, and stress. RESULTS The results indicated that slightly above half of the participants (51%, n = 195) had clinically significant symptoms of depression, 30.3% (n = 116) had stress and 67.3% (n = 259) had anxiety. Our analyses identified several key risk factors associated with increased odds of these mental disorders. These include exposure to domestic violence, COVID-19 symptoms like cough and myalgia, eating twice per day, having one of the three mental disorders, gender, with females showing higher susceptibility, and direct contact with the people who positively tested covid-19. Conversely, protective factors such as heightened awareness about Covid-19, positive mental health, social support, eating three times, belonging to the third Ubudehe category, and a high resilience emerged as significant elements mitigating the risks of these mental health challenges within our sample. Intriguingly, religious affiliation emerged as a notable factor, with students affiliated with the Witness of Jehovah and Adventist denominations exhibited lower risks for depression and anxiety. CONCLUSION Our findings highlighted a high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among students from secondary schools. Interestingly, this study also revealed the associated risk and protective factors of depression, anxiety, and stress in Rwandan students in high schools. Therefore, mental health interventions targeting the impact of COVID-19 on students, as young people are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bienvenue Mukantwali
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Japhet Niyonsenga
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Meantal Health and Behaviour Research Group, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Liliane Uwingeneye
- Department of Business Administration, College of Business and Economics, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Claudine Uwera Kanyamanza
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Jean Mutabaruka
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
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Mihret AM, Heinrichs N. Intergenerational effects of child maltreatment on adolescents' anxiety and depression in Ethiopia: the important mediating and moderating roles of current psychological distress. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:126. [PMID: 38360563 PMCID: PMC10870629 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child abuse is widespread around the world, and one continent with particularly high rates is Africa. Research in high- and middle-income countries shows the cascading effect of parental history of child abuse and neglect on adolescents' maltreatment and, in turn, on mental health problems. This cascade has been reported in young children but has rarely been studied in parent-adolescent dyads or in low-income countries (LICs). The goal of this study was to test intergenerational associations of child abuse and neglect and to examine how these experiences are in turn associated with youth anxiety and depression in an LIC. METHODS A total of 231 adolescents (age: 13-21 years) and 185 of their parents (n = 90 fathers and n = 95 mothers) were recruited from secondary schools in Addis Abeba, Ethiopia. Using a cross-sectional design, participants completed a set of questionnaires assessing child maltreatment (in adolescence and own past history in parents), parental psychological distress, youth depression and anxiety, and sociodemographic factors. RESULTS The frequencies of child maltreatment exposure were 68% for adolescents and 65% for their parents (when they were a child). Fifty-one percent and 42% of adolescents had borderline to clinical levels of anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively. Adolescents of parents with a history of child abuse and neglect also reported higher exposure to maltreatment themselves (p < 0.001). Current paternal, but not maternal, psychological distress mediated this intergenerational association of maltreatment experiences (95% CI [1.164, 9.467]). We further found parents' psychological distress to be a significant moderator of the indirect pathways of the intergenerational effect of child maltreatment on adolescents' anxiety and depression (95% CI [- 0.770, - 0.012]). CONCLUSIONS We found child maltreatment to be intergenerationally associated, and this effect subsequently affected adolescents' anxiety and depression through different pathways supporting the cascading effects across generations. Intervention plans may be effective through an array of possible indirect pathways and encourage the implementation of multiple access points to facilitate change in the lives of affected youth in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amare Misganaw Mihret
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Universität Bremen, Grazer Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld University Universität Bielefeld, Universität Straße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Nina Heinrichs
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Universität Bremen, Grazer Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld University Universität Bielefeld, Universität Straße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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Tesfaye Y, Alemu B, Soboka M, Girma S, Reinhard MA, Rek S, Adorjan K, Zhelyazkova A, Padberg F, Jobst A, Abera M. Mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic among residents of Jimma town: a cross-sectional study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023:10.1007/s00406-023-01674-y. [PMID: 37715069 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic presents an unprecedented challenge to community wellbeing and mental health. However, quantifiable information on the extent of mental health problems and associated factors due to the pandemic is still lacking in low-income countries. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress and their association with risk and resilience factors among residents of Jimma town in Southwestern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2021 and November 2021. Data were collected from 1196 adult Jimma town residents selected through multi-stage sampling. The following scales were used for the cross-sectional assessment of depressions, anxiety and stress and their associations: depression, anxiety, and stress-21(DASS-21), World Health Organization (WHO) wellbeing, University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA), Childhood trauma questionnaire, and brief resilience scales. A pre-tested, interviewer-completed questionnaire was used for data collection. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Odds ratios consistent with 95% CI were used to report the presence of an association between risk and resilience factors and the outcome variable at a P-value < 0.05. Overall, 963 (80.53%) respondents had divergent DASS-21 score findings. Specifically, 27.68%, 31.52% and 21.32% experienced depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. Higher DASS-21 scores were associated with the presence of one or more COVID-19 risk factors for anyone close to the participants (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.03-2.27), feelings of stress/burden (β = 1.09, 95% CI 1.07-1.12), positive coping (β = 1.044, 95% CI 1.01-1.07), loneliness (β = 1.063, 95% CI 1.04-1.08), and childhood trauma (β = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.04). In contrast, lower DASS-21 scores were associated with beliefs about the necessity of solidarity-based behavior (β = 0.94, 95% CI 0.90-0.98), resilience (β = 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.97) and wellbeing (β = 0.90, 95% CI 0.87-0.94). In the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in the study community were prevalent, and associated with numerous risk and resilience factors. Although causality cannot be inferred, these findings underscore the importance of strengthening mental health services and may guide COVID-19 prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Tesfaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Bezaye Alemu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Matiwos Soboka
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Shimelis Girma
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Matthias A Reinhard
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Rek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Adorjan
- Center for International Health, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Zhelyazkova
- Institut für Notfallmedizin und Medizinmanagement (INM), Klinikum der, Universität München LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Padberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Jobst
- Center for International Health, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mubarek Abera
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depressive Symptoms Among Mizan-Tepi University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:633-643. [PMID: 35089580 PMCID: PMC8796746 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is an extremely common and widespread problem among university students. A better understanding of the magnitude and determinants of depressive symptoms is required to create appropriate interventions for those groups. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of depressive symptoms among Mizan-Tepi University students during the pandemic lockdown. METHODS From September 11th to September 25th, 2020, 779 Mizan-Tepi University students participated in this web-based cross-sectional study. The link was created with a Google Form, and the questionnaire was distributed to participants via e-mail, WhatsApp, Telegram, and other social media accounts. To determine the prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms, both descriptive and inferential analyses were used. The chi-squared test of association and logistic regression were used to identify predictors of depressive symptoms among university students. We used (IBM) SPSS version 20 for all statistical analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students was 39.5%. According to results of multivariable binary logistic regression, being female (AOR = 0.339, 95%CI: 0.220-0.522), being an alcoholic (AOR = 2.101, 95%CI: 1.452-3.041), smoking (AOR = 2.088, 95%CI: 1.460-2.986), being quarantined for 14 days (AOR = 1.775, 95%CI: 1.231-2.560), frequently using social media (AOR = 1.510, 95%CI: 1.063-2.145), fearing COVID-19 (AOR = 5.058, 95%CI: 3.508-7.292), having sleeping problems (AOR = 1.703, 95%CI: 1.051-2.760), having a family member infected with COVID-19 (AOR = 1.829, 95%CI: 1.211-2.763), being exposed to COVID-19 (AOR = 1.748, 95%CI: 1.114-2.743), monthly disposable income ≥ 501 ETB (AOR = 0.531, 95%CI: 0.359-0.784), having a higher level of hope (AOR = 0.158, 95%CI:0.056-0.447), and having high social support (AOR = 0.546, 95%CI: 0.374-0.797) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms among students. CONCLUSION In this study, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was found to be high among university students. Being an alcoholic, smoking, quarantined for 14 days, frequently using social media, fearing COVID-19, having sleep problems, having a family member infected with COVID-19, and being exposed to COVID-19 were all associated with an increased risk of developing depressive symptoms, while being a female, having a high level of disposable monthly income, hope, and social support decreased the risk of depressive symptoms among university students. Interventions should be put in place to promote mental health among university students.
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Li Y, Hou T, Cheng M, Miao Y, Yeerjang Y, Sheng CS, Xue K, Wu C, Zhang S, Yan Q, Pei J, Yang Q, Tian J, Xu W, Shi Y. Anxiety prevalence and its association with physical activity in patients with non-communicable diseases during COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:317. [PMID: 36782166 PMCID: PMC9924212 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic may have created great psychological stress among vulnerable populations. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and explore the association between physical activities (PA) and anxiety risk in people with non-communicable diseases during the period of COVID-19 lockdown. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional telephone survey from February 25 to April 20, 2020, the period of COVID-19 lockdown in Shanghai. Up to 8000 patients with type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling. PA level was measured based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire using Metabolic Equivalent for Task scores, while symptoms of anxiety were assessed by the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations of type and level of PA with the risk of anxiety. RESULTS Of a total 4877 eligible patients, 2602 (53.4%) reported with anxiety, and 2463 (50.5%), 123 (2.5%) and 16 (0.3%) reported with mild, moderate, and severe anxiety. The prevalence of anxiety was higher in the females, the elders, non-smokers, non-drinkers, and patients with diabetes, and the associations of anxiety with sex, age, smoking, drinking and diagnosis of diabetes were significant. A significant negative association was observed for housework activities (OR 0.53, 95%CI: [0.45, 0.63], p < 0.001) and trip activities (OR 0.55, 95%CI: [0.48, 0.63], p < 0.001) with anxiety, but no significant was found for exercise activities (OR 1.06, 95%CI: [0.94, 1.20], p = 0.321). Compared with patients with a low PA level, those with a moderate (OR 0.53, 95%CI: [0.44, 0.64], p < 0.001) or a high PA level (OR 0.51, 95%CI: [0.43, 0.51], p < 0.001) had a lower prevalence of anxiety. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a higher prevalence of anxiety in patients with hypertension, diabetes, or both during the COVID-19 lockdown. The negative associations of housework and trip activities with anxiety highlight the potential benefit of PA among patients with non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Li
- grid.430328.eShanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianzhichao Hou
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minna Cheng
- grid.430328.eShanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Miao
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeerzati Yeerjang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment (National Health Commission), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-sheng Sheng
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluation, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Xue
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Wu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Baoshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- grid.430328.eShanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Yan
- grid.430328.eShanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Pei
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment (National Health Commission), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinping Yang
- grid.430328.eShanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyan Tian
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Wanghong Xu
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment (National Health Commission), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Shi
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Altundal Duru H, Yılmaz S, Yaman Z, Boğahan M, Yılmaz M. Individuals' Coping Styles and Levels of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study. SAGE OPEN 2023; 13:21582440221148628. [PMID: 36751690 PMCID: PMC9895295 DOI: 10.1177/21582440221148628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the correlation between the coping styles and depression, anxiety, and stress levels of individuals living in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted using an online questionnaire (Socio-demographic Form; Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21; Coping Styles Scale) and it included 483 individuals. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Independent Samples t-test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Hosmer-Lemeshow and Scheffe tests, Pearson Correlation, and Binary Logistic Regression analyzes were used to analyze the data. There was a negative correlation between the participants' self-confident and optimistic coping styles mean scores and their depression, anxiety, and stress mean scores. There was a positive correlation between the participants' helpless, submissive, and seeking social support coping styles mean scores and their depression, anxiety, and stress mean scores. The regression analysis revealed that using the helpless coping style increased the depression, anxiety, and stress levels of the participants while using the optimistic coping style and visiting a physician during the pandemic decreased them. In addition, seeking social support coping style increased the level of depression while the testing during the pandemic increased stress levels. As a result, it is recommended to strengthen society's psychological resilience and expand mental health support services for such mental illnesses.
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Nakie G, Segon T, Melkam M, Desalegn GT, Zeleke TA. Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among high school students in, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:739. [PMID: 36443717 PMCID: PMC9707065 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have revealed that students' performance in school, is affected by symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, which may impair their academic achievement, and lead to school dropout. However, to date, no studies have evaluated these three disorders among high school students in Africa. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and their associated factors among high school students in Northwest Ethiopia. METHODS An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 849 participants from six high schools in Northwest Ethiopia. A self-administered Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 25.0 software to identify factors associated with DAS, and bi-variable and multi-variable analyses were performed. RESULTS The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 41.4, 66.7, and 52.2% respectively. Being female (AOR = 1.304, 95% CI = 1.006-1.849), higher risky khat chewers (AOR = 5.595, 95% CI = 2.357-11.132), having social phobia (AOR = 1.416, 95% CI = 1.045-1.919) were associated with depression. Being higher risky cigarette smokers (AOR = 4.777, 95% CI = 1.407-7304), having a history of chronic medical illness (AOR = 2.099, 95% CI = 1.045-4.218), and having a family history of mental illness (AOR = 1.777, 95% CI = 1.028-3.073) associated with anxiety. Stress was associated with high-risk alcohol drinkers (AOR = 1.828, 95% CI = 1.012-3.303), rural residency (AOR = 1.395, 95%CI = 1.010-1.925), and low social support (AOR 1.7391, 95% CI = 1.203-2.515). CONCLUSION The burden of DAS among high school students was found to be high. Female sex, chewing khat, and having social phobia are associated with depression. Conversely, smoking cigarettes, having a chronic medical illness, and having a family history of mental illness are all linked to anxiety. Being a highly risky alcoholic drinker, having poor social support, and being a rural resident are positively associated with stress. Therefore, extending mental health services to all high schools, and strengthening the existing counseling services, are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girum Nakie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Tesfaye Segon
- Departments of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Metu University, Metu, Ethiopia
| | - Mamaru Melkam
- grid.59547.3a0000 0000 8539 4635Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Tesfaw Desalegn
- grid.59547.3a0000 0000 8539 4635Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tadele Amare Zeleke
- grid.59547.3a0000 0000 8539 4635Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Factors associated with depressive symptomatology during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico: A 2021 national survey. J Affect Disord 2022; 317:212-220. [PMID: 36041583 PMCID: PMC9419429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have identified a set of variables associated with depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the existing antecedents in Mexico, in addition to being limited to the beginning of the health emergency, made use of small and unrepresentative samples. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify the prevalence and factors associated with clinically significant depressive symptomatology (CSDS) in a representative Mexican sample of 2021. METHODS A secondary cross-sectional analysis of the Encuesta Nacional de Bienestar Autorreportado (ENBIARE) was conducted. For the present study, the effective sample was 30,901. Univariate and bivariate anaylses were followed by a multiple Poisson regression, which served to obtain adjusted prevalence ratios of each variable under study. RESULTS The prevalence of CSDS in the year 2021 was 15.3 %. In the multivariable analysis, the factors associated with CSDS were the number of recent stressful events, having a major functional limitation, not having social support from family or friends, being female, having suffered recent discrimination, alcohol or other drug use (by oneself or someone at home), not being married or cohabiting, living in a rural area, having had a diagnosis of COVID-19, having lost a job, living with a chronic patient, not doing physical exercise, and having a low educational level. LIMITATIONS The main limitations were the cross-sectional nature of the data, the use of self-report measures, as well as the fact that this was a secondary analysis that did not allow consideration of additional variables. CONCLUSIONS A set of personal and contextual variables were identified that can help focus prevention and intervention efforts on the phenomenon of depression.
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Hassen SS, Lelisho ME. Determining factors associated with the prevalence of knowledge, attitude, and practice in seeking skilled maternal healthcare services among women in a remote area of Gesha district. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1318. [PMID: 36329430 PMCID: PMC9635200 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skilled health care is essential for the mother's and newborn's health and well-being during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period. This study aimed to analyze women's knowledge, attitudes, and practices while requesting competent assistance for maternity healthcare in Gesha District, Southwest Region of Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from September 20, 2021 to October 19, 2021. A total of 424 mothers participated in this study and a systematic sampling technique was used to select the respondents. The data were collected using a pretested and structured questionnaire. Statistical software SPSS-20 and R-4.1.2 were used to enter and analyze the data respectively. The factors associated with the prevalence of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice in seeking Skilled Maternal Healthcare Services were identified using descriptive analysis and a binary logistic regression model. Results This study result revealed that the overall proportions of good knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice in seeking skilled maternal health care services were 39.15%, 37.5%, and 34.67% respectively. Estimated odds of having knowledge, attitude, and practice were as follows: for having age between 20–24 years at first pregnancy 1.859, 1.86, and 1.799; having a plan for pregnancy 2.74,2.315 and 2.579; mothers attended elementary education 2.337, 2.565 and 3.312; having maternal age 20–24 years 4.336,4.989 and 5.870; maternal age 25–29 years 2.917, 3.794 and 4.017; maternal age 35–49 years 2.837, 2.991 and 3.412; having husbands who had attended elementary education level 2.736, 2.542 and 2.134; secondary and above education 3.464, 3.360 and 2.508; rich mothers 2.261, 1.995 and 2.452; having antenatal care 4 times and above 2.606, 2.570, 2.682; having transportation access 1.921, 1.956 and 2.404; having media access 1.979, 2.171 and 2.715 respectively. The odds of having attitude and practice respectively were as follows: married 1.762, and 2.208; having medium wealth index 1.933 and 2.424. The odds of having previous pregnancy complications was 2.147 which significantly affect the practice of seeking skilled maternal care assistance. Conclusions This study discovered that the study participants' knowledge, attitude, and practice of skilled maternal health care are low. Associated factors included age at first pregnancy, planned pregnancy, maternal education level, husband’s education level, maternal age, antenatal care service visits, transport access, and access to media were found to significantly affect the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the respondents in seeking skilled maternal care assistance in common. The household wealth index was also associated with attitude. Pregnancy complications, current marital status, and household wealth index also significantly affect the practice of seeking skilled maternal care assistance. As a result of the findings, initiatives to increase women's knowledge, attitudes, and use of expert maternal health services in the research area are needed for women residing in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sali Suleman Hassen
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Tepi, Ethiopia.
| | - Mesfin Esayas Lelisho
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Tepi, Ethiopia
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Fekadu B, Selamu M, Getachew E, Negussie H, Timothewos S, Belay W, Wondimagegnehu A, Eshetu T, Ajeme T, Shiferaw K, Manyazewal T, Fekadu A, Medhin G, Hanlon C. Mental wellbeing during the time of COVID-19 pandemic: A national pilot survey in Ethiopia. ETHIOPIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 60:58-64. [PMID: 38264673 PMCID: PMC10805474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic substantially disrupts population health and wellbeing globally, while little is known about the effect on mental wellbeing in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on mental wellbeing of individuals and households in Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional, national pilot survey was conducted through phone interviews from September to November 2021. Mental wellbeing and disability were assessed using a questionnaire adapted from the 5-item World Health Organization Wellbeing Index (WHO-5), the Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3), and the WHO Disability Assessment Scale (WHODAS 2.0). Results A total of 614 adults completed the pilot survey. The mean age was 36 years (standard deviation 11) and 71.7% were male. Mental wellbeing was poor in 218 (35.5%) participants. The most important predictors for poor mental wellbeing were rural residence (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 1.89; 95% CI 1.14, 3.14; p=0.012), perceived COVID-19 risk (AOR 1.75; 95% CI 1.18, 2.60; p=0.005), household stress (AOR 2.09; 95% CI 1.31, 3.34; p=0.002), experience of symptom of COVID-19 in the household (AOR 2.14; 95% CI 1.13, 4.04; p=0.019), and poor social support (AOR 2.43; 95% CI 1.51, 3.91; p<0.001). Conclusion The study provides evidence that COVID-19 had a significant adverse impact on the mental wellbeing of individuals and households in Ethiopia. Further studies are needed to understand in detail the implications of the pandemic and interventions needed to keep mental wellbing of citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethelhem Fekadu
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT- Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Medhin Selamu
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT- Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Addis Ababa University, WHO Collaborating Center for Mental Health Research and Capacity Building, Department of Psychiatry, College of Health sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eyerusalem Getachew
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT- Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hanna Negussie
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT- Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sewit Timothewos
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT- Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Winini Belay
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT- Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abigiya Wondimagegnehu
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Martin-Luther-University, Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Bio statistics and Informatics, Halle, Germany
| | - Tigist Eshetu
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT- Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tigest Ajeme
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT- Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kehabtimer Shiferaw
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegahun Manyazewal
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT- Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Fekadu
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT- Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Addis Ababa University, WHO Collaborating Center for Mental Health Research and Capacity Building, Department of Psychiatry, College of Health sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Global Health and Infection Department, Brighton, UK
| | - Girmay Medhin
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT- Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Addis Ababa University, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Charlotte Hanlon
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT- Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Addis Ababa University, WHO Collaborating Center for Mental Health Research and Capacity Building, Department of Psychiatry, College of Health sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Global Mental Health, London, UK
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11
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Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Health Professionals in the COVID-19 Context. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074402. [PMID: 35410085 PMCID: PMC8998261 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in health professionals in the COVID-19 pandemic context. Method: Cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic (snow-ball) sampling method. The assessment was performed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the prevalence of symptoms severity was calculated by point and 95% confidence interval. The analysis of the psychometric properties of DASS-21 was performed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the following goodness of fit indices: χ2/df (chi-square ratio by degrees of freedom), Tucker–Lewis index (TLI), comparative fit index (CFI) and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) with a 90% confidence interval. Results: The study participants were 529 health professionals (82.4% women and 66.7% nursing professionals). CFA of the DASS-21 structural model presented adequate fit for the sample (χ2/df = 3.530; CFI = 0.979; TLI = 0.976; RMSEA = 0.069). Regarding prevalence, moderate to extremely severe symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress were found in 48.6%, 55.0% and 47.9% of the participants, respectively. Conclusion: The use of DASS-21 confirmed the validity and reliability of the data. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in the participants indicated a high risk of mental illness in health professionals in the COVID-19 pandemic.
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