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Kanazawa M, Ninomiya I, Otsu Y, Hatakeyama M. Next-generation regenerative therapy for ischemic stroke using peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2341-2342. [PMID: 38526265 PMCID: PMC11090419 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kanazawa
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Itaru Ninomiya
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Otsu
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hatakeyama
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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2
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Guo Z, Liu Y, Li X, Huang Y, Zhou Z, Yang C. Reprogramming hematopoietic stem cell metabolism in lung cancer: glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and the role of 2-DG. Biol Direct 2024; 19:73. [PMID: 39182128 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-024-00514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) exhibit significant functional and metabolic alterations within the lung cancer microenvironment, contributing to tumor progression and immune evasion by increasing differentiation into myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Our aim is to analyze the metabolic transition of HSCs from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in lung cancer and determine its effects on HSC functionality. Using a murine Lewis Lung Carcinoma lung cancer model, we conducted metabolic profiling of long-term and short-term HSCs, as well as multipotent progenitors, comparing their metabolic states in normal and cancer conditions. We measured glucose uptake using 2-[N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)Amino]-2-Deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) and assessed levels of lactate, acetyl-coenzyme A, and ATP. Mitochondrial functionality was evaluated through flow cytometry, alongside the impact of the glucose metabolism inhibitor 2-DG on HSC differentiation and mitochondrial activity. HSCs under lung cancer conditions showed increased glucose uptake and lactate production, with an associated rise in OXPHOS activity, marking a metabolic shift. Treatment with 2-DG led to decreased T-HSCs and MDSCs and an increased red blood cell count, highlighting its potential to influence metabolic and differentiation pathways in HSCs. This study provides novel insights into the metabolic reprogramming of HSCs in lung cancer, emphasizing the critical shift from glycolysis to OXPHOS and its implications for the therapeutic targeting of cancer-related metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guilin, 541004, China
| | | | - Zuping Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.
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3
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Daks A, Parfenyev S, Shuvalov O, Fedorova O, Nazarov A, Melino G, Barlev NA. Lysine-specific methyltransferase Set7/9 in stemness, differentiation, and development. Biol Direct 2024; 19:41. [PMID: 38812048 PMCID: PMC11137904 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-024-00484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The enzymes performing protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) form a critical post-translational regulatory circuitry that orchestrates literally all cellular processes in the organism. In particular, the balance between cellular stemness and differentiation is crucial for the development of multicellular organisms. Importantly, the fine-tuning of this balance on the genetic level is largely mediated by specific PTMs of histones including lysine methylation. Lysine methylation is carried out by special enzymes (lysine methyltransferases) that transfer the methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the lysine residues of protein substrates. Set7/9 is one of the exemplary protein methyltransferases that however, has not been fully studied yet. It was originally discovered as histone H3 lysine 4-specific methyltransferase, which later was shown to methylate a number of non-histone proteins that are crucial regulators of stemness and differentiation, including p53, pRb, YAP, DNMT1, SOX2, FOXO3, and others. In this review we summarize the information available to date on the role of Set7/9 in cellular differentiation and tissue development during embryogenesis and in adult organisms. Finally, we highlight and discuss the role of Set7/9 in pathological processes associated with aberrant cellular differentiation and self-renewal, including the formation of cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Daks
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 194064.
| | - Sergey Parfenyev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 194064
| | - Oleg Shuvalov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 194064
| | - Olga Fedorova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 194064
| | - Alexander Nazarov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 194064
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Nickolai A Barlev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 194064.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, 001000, Astana, Kazakhstan.
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4
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Otero-Albiol D, Santos-Pereira JM, Lucena-Cacace A, Clemente-González C, Muñoz-Galvan S, Yoshida Y, Carnero A. Hypoxia-induced immortalization of primary cells depends on Tfcp2L1 expression. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:177. [PMID: 38418821 PMCID: PMC10902313 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress response mechanism that induces proliferative arrest. Hypoxia can bypass senescence and extend the lifespan of primary cells, mainly by decreasing oxidative damage. However, how hypoxia promotes these effects prior to malignant transformation is unknown. Here we observed that the lifespan of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) is increased when they are cultured in hypoxia by reducing the expression of p16INK4a, p15INK4b and p21Cip1. We found that proliferating MEFs in hypoxia overexpress Tfcp2l1, which is a main regulator of pluripotency and self-renewal in embryonic stem cells, as well as stemness genes including Oct3/4, Sox2 and Nanog. Tfcp2l1 expression is lost during culture in normoxia, and its expression in hypoxia is regulated by Hif1α. Consistently, its overexpression in hypoxic levels increases the lifespan of MEFs and promotes the overexpression of stemness genes. ATAC-seq and Chip-seq experiments showed that Tfcp2l1 regulates genes that control proliferation and stemness such as Sox2, Sox9, Jarid2 and Ezh2. Additionally, Tfcp2l1 can replicate the hypoxic effect of increasing cellular reprogramming. Altogether, our data suggest that the activation of Tfcp2l1 by hypoxia contributes to immortalization prior to malignant transformation, facilitating tumorigenesis and dedifferentiation by regulating Sox2, Sox9, and Jarid2.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Otero-Albiol
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de CANCER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Santos-Pereira
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - A Lucena-Cacace
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - C Clemente-González
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de CANCER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Muñoz-Galvan
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de CANCER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Yoshida
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - A Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013, Seville, Spain.
- CIBER de CANCER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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Ehrenreich H, Gassmann M, Poustka L, Burtscher M, Hammermann P, Sirén AL, Nave KA, Miskowiak K. Exploiting moderate hypoxia to benefit patients with brain disease: Molecular mechanisms and translational research in progress. NEUROPROTECTION 2023; 1:9-19. [PMID: 37671067 PMCID: PMC7615021 DOI: 10.1002/nep3.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is increasingly recognized as an important physiological driving force. A specific transcriptional program, induced by a decrease in oxygen (O2) availability, for example, inspiratory hypoxia at high altitude, allows cells to adapt to lower O2 and limited energy metabolism. This transcriptional program is partly controlled by and partly independent of hypoxia-inducible factors. Remarkably, this same transcriptional program is stimulated in the brain by extensive motor-cognitive exercise, leading to a relative decrease in O2 supply, compared to the acutely augmented O2 requirement. We have coined the term "functional hypoxia" for this important demand-responsive, relative reduction in O2 availability. Functional hypoxia seems to be critical for enduring adaptation to higher physiological challenge that includes substantial "brain hardware upgrade," underlying advanced performance. Hypoxia-induced erythropoietin expression in the brain likely plays a decisive role in these processes, which can be imitated by recombinant human erythropoietin treatment. This article review presents hints of how inspiratory O2 manipulations can potentially contribute to enhanced brain function. It thereby provides the ground for exploiting moderate inspiratory plus functional hypoxia to treat individuals with brain disease. Finally, it sketches a planned multistep pilot study in healthy volunteers and first patients, about to start, aiming at improved performance upon motor-cognitive training under inspiratory hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Faculty of Sports Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Anna-Leena Sirén
- Departments of Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kamilla Miskowiak
- Psychiatric Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Nakamura N, Yoshida N, Suwa T. Three major reasons why transgenerational effects of radiation are difficult to detect in humans. Int J Radiat Biol 2023:1-15. [PMID: 36880868 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2187478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ionizing radiation can induce mutations in germ cells in various organisms, including fruit flies and mice. However, currently, there is no clear evidence for the transgenerational effects of radiation in humans. This review is an effort to identify possible reasons for the lack of such observations. METHODS Literature search and narrative review. RESULTS 1) In both mice and humans, resting oocytes locate primarily in the cortical region of the ovary where the number of blood vessels is very low especially when young and extra-cellular material is rich, and this region is consequently hypoxic, which probably leads to immature oocytes being resistant to the cell killing and mutagenic effects of radiation. 2) In studies of spermatogonia, the mouse genes used for specific locus test (SLT) studies, which include coat color genes, were hypermutable when compared to many other genes. Recent studies which examined over 1000 segments of genomic DNA indicate that the induction rate of deletion mutation per segment was on the order of 10-6 per Gy, which is one order of magnitude lower than that obtained from the SLT data. Therefore, it appears possible that detecting any transgenerational effects of radiation following human male exposures will be difficult due to a lack of mutable marker genes. 3) Fetal malformations were examined in studies in humans, but the genetic component in such malformations is low, and abnormal fetuses are prone to undergo miscarriage which does not occur in mice, and which leads to difficulties in detecting transgenerational effects. CONCLUSION The lack of clear evidence for radiation effects in humans probably does not result from any problem in the methodologies used but may be due largely to biological properties. Currently, whole genome sequencing studies of exposed parents and offspring are planned, but ethical guidelines need to be followed to avoid discrimination, which had once happened to the atomic bomb survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nori Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noriaki Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suwa
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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7
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Guo B, Huang X, Chen Y, Broxmeyer HE. Ex Vivo Expansion and Homing of Human Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1442:85-104. [PMID: 38228960 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7471-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) has been proven to be an alternative source of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for clinical transplantation and has multiple advantages, including but not limited to greater HLA compatibility, lower incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), higher survival rates and lower relapse rates among patients with minimal residual disease. However, the limited number of HSCs in a single CB unit limits the wider use of CB in clinical treatment. Many efforts have been made to enhance the efficacy of CB HSC transplantation, particularly by ex vivo expansion or enhancing the homing efficiency of HSCs. In this chapter, we will document the major advances regarding human HSC ex vivo expansion and homing and will also discuss the possibility of clinical translation of such laboratory work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Xuhui Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yandan Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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8
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Heaton ES, Hu M, Liu T, Hui H, Tan Y, Ye K, Jin S. Extracellular matrix-derived peptide stimulates the generation of endocrine progenitors and islet organoids from iPSCs. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231185858. [PMID: 37435573 PMCID: PMC10331343 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231185858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have enormous potential in producing human tissues endlessly. We previously reported that type V collagen (COL5), a pancreatic extracellular matrix protein, promotes islet development and maturation from iPSCs. In this study, we identified a bioactive peptide domain of COL5, WWASKS, through bioinformatic analysis of decellularized pancreatic ECM (dpECM)-derived collagens. RNA-sequencing suggests that WWASKS induces the formation of pancreatic endocrine progenitors while suppressing the development of other types of organs. The expressions of hypoxic genes were significantly downregulated in the endocrine progenitors formed under peptide stimulation. Furthermore, we unveiled an enhancement of iPSC-derived islets' (i-islets) glucose sensitivity under peptide stimulation. These i-islets secrete insulin in a glucose responsive manner. They were comprised of α, β, δ, and γ cells and were assembled into a tissue architecture similar to that of human islets. Mechanistically, the peptide is able to activate the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, permitting the translocation of β-catenin from the cytoplasm to the nucleus for pancreatic progenitor development. Collectively, for the first time, we demonstrated that an ECM-derived peptide dictates iPSC fate toward the generation of endocrine progenitors and subsequent islet organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma S Heaton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Tianzheng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Huang Hui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Yinfei Tan
- Genomics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kaiming Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
- Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Sha Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
- Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
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9
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Regulation of pleiotropic physiological roles of nitric oxide signaling. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110496. [PMID: 36252791 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) is a highly diffusible, ubiquitous signaling molecule and a free radical that is naturally synthesized by our body. The pleiotropic effects of NO in biological systems are due to its reactivity with different molecules, such as molecular oxygen (O2), superoxide anion, DNA, lipids, and proteins. There are several contradictory findings in the literature pertaining to its role in oncology. NO is a Janus-faced molecule shown to have both tumor promoting and tumoricidal effects, which depend on its concentration, duration of exposure, and location. A high concentration is shown to have cytotoxic effects by triggering apoptosis, and at a low concentration, NO promotes angiogenesis, metastasis, and tumor progression. Upregulated NO synthesis has been implicated as a causal factor in several pathophysiological conditions including cancer. This dichotomous effect makes it highly challenging to discover its true potential in cancer biology. Understanding the mechanisms by which NO acts in different cancers helps to develop NO based therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. This review addresses the physiological role of this molecule, with a focus on its bimodal action in various types of cancers.
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Cooper SH, Capitano ML, Broxmeyer HE. Experimental Models of Mouse and Human Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2567:205-232. [PMID: 36255704 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2679-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Experimental hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an invaluable tool in determining the function and characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from experimental mouse and human donor groups. These groups could include, but are not limited to, genetically altered populations (gene knockout/knockin models), ex vivo manipulated cell populations, or in vivo modulated cell populations. The basic fundamentals of this process involve taking cells from a mouse/human donor source and putting them into another mouse (recipient) after preconditioning of the recipient with either total body irradiation (TBI) for mouse donor cells or into sublethally irradiated immune-deficient mice for human donor cells. Then, at pre-determined time points post-transplant, sampling a small amount of peripheral blood (PB) and at the termination of the evalaution, bone marrow (BM) to determine donor contribution and function by phenotypic analysis. Exploiting the congenic mouse strains of C57BL/6 (CD45.1- CD45.2+), BoyJ (CD45.1+ CD45.2-), and their F1-crossed hybrid C57BL/6 × BoyJ (CD45.1+ CD45.2+), we are able to quantify donor, competitor, and recipient mouse cell contributions to the engraftment state. Human donor cell engraftment (e.g., from the cord blood [CB], mobilized PB, or BM) is assessed by human cell phenotyping in sublethally irradiated immune-deficient mouse recipients (e.g., NOD scid gamma mice that are deficient in B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells and have defective dendritic cells and macrophages). Engraftment of cells from primary mouse recipients into secondary mice allows for an estimation of the self-renewal capacity of the original donor HSC. This chapter outlines concepts, methods, and techniques for mouse and human cell models of HSCT and for assessment of donor cells collected and processed in hypoxia versus ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Cooper
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Maegan L Capitano
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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11
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Aljoufi A, Zhang C, Ropa J, Chang W, Palam LR, Cooper S, Ramdas B, Capitano ML, Broxmeyer HE, Kapur R. Physioxia-induced downregulation of Tet2 in hematopoietic stem cells contributes to enhanced self-renewal. Blood 2022; 140:1263-1277. [PMID: 35772013 PMCID: PMC9479026 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022015499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) manifest impaired recovery and self-renewal with a concomitant increase in differentiation when exposed to ambient air as opposed to physioxia. Mechanism(s) behind this distinction are poorly understood but have the potential to improve stem cell transplantation. Single-cell RNA sequencing of HSCs in physioxia revealed upregulation of HSC self-renewal genes and downregulation of genes involved in inflammatory pathways and HSC differentiation. HSCs under physioxia also exhibited downregulation of the epigenetic modifier Tet2. Tet2 is α-ketoglutarate, iron- and oxygen-dependent dioxygenase that converts 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, thereby promoting active transcription. We evaluated whether loss of Tet2 affects the number and function of HSCs and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) under physioxia and ambient air. In contrast to wild-type HSCs (WT HSCs), a complete nonresponsiveness of Tet2-/- HSCs and HPCs to changes in oxygen tension was observed. Unlike WT HSCs, Tet2-/- HSCs and HPCs exhibited similar numbers and function in either physioxia or ambient air. The lack of response to changes in oxygen tension in Tet2-/- HSCs was associated with similar changes in self-renewal and quiescence genes among WT HSC-physioxia, Tet2-/- HSC-physioxia and Tet2-/- HSC-air. We define a novel molecular program involving Tet2 in regulating HSCs under physioxia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, and
| | - James Ropa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Wennan Chang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, and
| | - Lakshmi Reddy Palam
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Baskar Ramdas
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | | | - Reuben Kapur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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12
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Hypoxia promotes a perinatal-like progenitor state in the adult murine epicardium. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9250. [PMID: 35661120 PMCID: PMC9166725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The epicardium is a reservoir of progenitors that give rise to coronary vasculature and stroma during development and mediates cardiac vascular repair. However, its role as a source of progenitors in the adult mammalian heart remains unclear due to lack of clear lineage markers and single-cell culture systems to elucidate epicardial progeny cell fate. We found that in vivo exposure of mice to physiological hypoxia induced adult epicardial cells to re-enter the cell cycle and to express a subset of developmental genes. Multiplex single cell transcriptional profiling revealed a lineage relationship between epicardial cells and smooth muscle, stromal cells, as well as cells with an endothelial-like fate. We found that physiological hypoxia promoted a perinatal-like progenitor state in the adult murine epicardium. In vitro clonal analyses of purified epicardial cells showed that cell growth and subsequent differentiation is dependent upon hypoxia, and that resident epicardial cells retain progenitor identity in the adult mammalian heart with self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential. These results point to a source of progenitor cells in the adult heart that can be stimulated in vivo and provide an in vitro model for further studies.
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13
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Yessentayeva SY, Orakbay LZ, Adilhanova A, Yessimov N. Approaches to the use of stem cells in regenerative medicine. Anal Biochem 2022; 645:114608. [PMID: 35202604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of regenerative medicine is to replace or restore missing, dysfunctional, or damaged cells, tissues and organs of a person to reproduce their normal function. The main approaches are cell therapy, tissue engineering, and gene therapy. Postnatal neural crest-derived multipotent stem cells (NC-MSC) are a promising cell type for use in regenerative medicine. This is due to the specific features of their embryonic origin and the role of the neural crest in phylogeny and ontogeny of vertebrates. METHODS The study used research in vitro culture (monolayer cell culture, 3D culture based on hydrogels, organotypic culture of hippocampal slices, spherogenesis, directed differentiation); flow cytometry; cytochemical, immune-cytochemical and histomorphometric analysis; molecular genetic (RNA (ribonucleic acid) isolation, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) with reverse transcription, real-time PCR, nucleic acid electrophoresis); microscopy (transmitted light, phase contrast, fluorescent, confocal laser scanning); microsurgical; statistical analysis. RESULTS In this systematic review, the results showed that recently the neural crest-derived cells have been isolated from a wide range of tissues and organs of mammals at the postnatal stage of development. These cells, at least in vitro, demonstrate the ability to self-repair and multilinear differentiation into neurons, Schwann cells, melanocytes, adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and other types of cells, that is, according to their functional characteristics, they are multipotent stem cells. CONCLUSION According to the obtained results, tissue sources of postnatal neural crest-derived multipotent stem cells differ considerably in the degree of invasiveness of biopsy sampling, as well as the possibility of obtaining a homogeneous population of NC-MSCs, which is important for further clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Ye Yessentayeva
- Department of Oncology and Mammalogy, Kazakh-Russian Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Lyazat Zh Orakbay
- Department of Public Health, Kazakh-Russian Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Azhar Adilhanova
- Department of Public Health, Kazakh-Russian Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nabi Yessimov
- Male Clinical Department, Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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14
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Dausinas Ni P, Basile C, Junge C, Hartman M, O’Leary HA. Hypoxia and Hematopoiesis. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-021-00203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Li G, Liu J, Guan Y, Ji X. The role of hypoxia in stem cell regulation of the central nervous system: From embryonic development to adult proliferation. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:1446-1457. [PMID: 34817133 PMCID: PMC8611781 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is involved in the regulation of various cell functions in the body, including the regulation of stem cells. The hypoxic microenvironment is indispensable from embryonic development to the regeneration and repair of adult cells. In addition to embryonic stem cells, which need to maintain their self-renewal properties and pluripotency in a hypoxic environment, adult stem cells, including neural stem cells (NSCs), also exist in a hypoxic microenvironment. The subventricular zone (SVZ) and hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) are the main sites of adult neurogenesis in the brain. Hypoxia can promote the proliferation, migration, and maturation of NSCs in these regions. Also, because most neurons in the brain are non-regenerative, stem cell transplantation is considered as a promising strategy for treating central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Hypoxic treatment also increases the effectiveness of stem cell therapy. In this review, we firstly describe the role of hypoxia in different stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells, NSCs, and induced pluripotent stem cells, and discuss the role of hypoxia-treated stem cells in CNS diseases treatment. Furthermore, we highlight the role and mechanisms of hypoxia in regulating adult neurogenesis in the SVZ and DG and adult proliferation of other cells in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaifen Li
- Laboratory of Brain DisordersMinistry of Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersBeijing Institute of Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jia Liu
- Laboratory of Brain DisordersMinistry of Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersBeijing Institute of Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuying Guan
- Laboratory of Brain DisordersMinistry of Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersBeijing Institute of Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xunming Ji
- Laboratory of Brain DisordersMinistry of Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersBeijing Institute of Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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16
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Balandrán JC, Dávila-Velderrain J, Sandoval-Cabrera A, Zamora-Herrera G, Terán-Cerqueda V, García-Stivalet LA, Limón-Flores JA, Armenta-Castro E, Rodríguez-Martínez A, Leon-Chavez BA, Vallejo-Ruiz V, Hassane DC, Pérez-Tapia SM, Ortiz-Navarrete V, Guzman ML, Pelayo R. Patient-Derived Bone Marrow Spheroids Reveal Leukemia-Initiating Cells Supported by Mesenchymal Hypoxic Niches in Pediatric B-ALL. Front Immunol 2021; 12:746492. [PMID: 34737747 PMCID: PMC8561951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.746492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) results from the expansion of malignant lymphoid precursors within the bone marrow (BM), where hematopoietic niches and microenvironmental signals provide leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) the conditions to survive, proliferate, initiate disease, and relapse. Normal and malignant lymphopoiesis are highly dependent on the BM microenvironment, particularly on CXCL12-abundant Reticular (CAR) cells, which provide a niche for maintenance of primitive cells. During B-ALL, leukemic cells hijack BM niches, creating a proinflammatory milieu incompetent to support normal hematopoiesis but favoring leukemic proliferation. Although the lack of a phenotypic stem cell hierarchy is apparent in B-ALL, LICs are a rare and quiescent population potentially responsible for chemoresistance and relapse. Here, we developed novel patient-derived leukemia spheroids (PDLS), an ex vivo avatar model, from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and primary B-ALL cells, to mimic specialized niche structures and cell-to-cell intercommunication promoting normal and malignant hematopoiesis in pediatric B-ALL. 3D MSC spheroids can recapitulate CAR niche-like hypoxic structures that produce high levels of CXCL10 and CXCL11. We found that PDLS were preferentially enriched with leukemia cells displaying functional properties of LICs, such as quiescence, low reactive oxygen species, drug resistance, high engraftment in immunodeficient mice, and long-term leukemogenesis. Moreover, the combination of PDLS and patient-derived xenografts confirmed a microenvironment-driven hierarchy in their leukemic potential. Importantly, transcriptional profiles of MSC derived from primary patient samples revealed two unique signatures (1), a CXCL12low inflammatory and leukemia expansion (ILE)-like niche, that likely supports leukemic burden, and (2) a CXCL11hi immune-suppressive and leukemia-initiating cell (SLIC)-like niche, where LICs are likely sustained. Interestingly, the CXCL11+ hypoxic zones were recapitulated within the PDLS that are capable of supporting LIC functions. Taken together, we have implemented a novel PDLS system that enriches and supports leukemia cells with stem cell features driven by CXCL11+ MSCs within hypoxic microenvironments capable of recapitulating key features, such as tumor reemergence after exposure to chemotherapy and tumor initiation. This system represents a unique opportunity for designing ex vivo personalized avatars for B-ALL patients to evaluate their own LIC pathobiology and drug sensitivity in the context of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Balandrán
- Laboratorio de Oncoinmunología y Citómica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Delegación Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Dávila-Velderrain
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, United States
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Antonio Sandoval-Cabrera
- Hospital para el Niño de Toluca, Instituto Materno Infantil del Estado de México (IMIEM), Toluca, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Zamora-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Oncoinmunología y Citómica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Delegación Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Vanessa Terán-Cerqueda
- Servicio de Hematología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades “Manuel Ávila Camacho”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Lilia Adela García-Stivalet
- Servicio de Hematología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades “Manuel Ávila Camacho”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
| | - José Alejandro Limón-Flores
- Servicio de Hematología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades “Manuel Ávila Camacho”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Erick Armenta-Castro
- Laboratorio de Oncoinmunología y Citómica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Delegación Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Aurora Rodríguez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Oncoinmunología y Citómica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Delegación Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Bertha Alicia Leon-Chavez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Verónica Vallejo-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Oncoinmunología y Citómica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Delegación Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Duane C. Hassane
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI) and Unidad de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Médica y Biotecnológica (UDIMEB), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vianney Ortiz-Navarrete
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Monica L. Guzman
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Laboratorio de Oncoinmunología y Citómica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Delegación Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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El-Shaqanqery HE, Mohamed RH, Sayed AA. Mitochondrial Effects on Seeds of Cancer Survival in Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:745924. [PMID: 34692527 PMCID: PMC8529120 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.745924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer metabolic alteration is considered a hallmark and fast becoming a road for therapeutic intervention. Mitochondria have been regarded as essential cell elements that fuel the metabolic needs of most cancer cell types. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are a heterogeneous, highly self-renewing, and pluripotent cell population within leukemic cells. The most important source of ATP and metabolites to fulfill the bioenergetics and biosynthetic needs of most cancer stem cells is the mitochondria. In addition, mitochondria have a core role in autophagy and cell death and are the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Overall, growing evidence now shows that mitochondrial activities and pathways have changed to adapt with different types of leukemia, thus mitochondrial metabolism could be targeted for blood malignancy therapy. This review focuses on the function of mitochondria in LSC of the different leukemia types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rania Hassan Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Sayed
- Genomics Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Ali D, Alhattab D, Jafar H, Alzubide M, Sharar N, Bdour S, Awidi A. Differential Marker Expression between Keratinocyte Stem Cells and Their Progeny Generated from a Single Colony. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910810. [PMID: 34639148 PMCID: PMC8509450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The stemness in keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs) is determined by their gene expression patterns. KSCs are crucial in maintaining epidermal homeostasis and wound repair and are widely used candidates for therapeutic applications. Although several studies have reported their positive identifiers, unique biomarkers for KSCs remain elusive. Here, we aim to identify potential candidate stem cell markers. Human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) from neonatal foreskin tissues were isolated and cultured. Single-cell clonal analysis identified and characterized three types of cells: KSCs (holoclones), transient amplifying cells (TACs; meroclones), and differentiated cells (DSCs; paraclones). The clonogenic potential of KSCs demonstrated the highest proliferation potential of KSCs, followed by TACs and DSCs, respectively. Whole-transcriptome analysis using microarray technology unraveled the molecular signatures of these cells. These results were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry analysis. A total of 301 signature upregulated and 149 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the KSCs, compared to TACs and DSCs. Furthermore, DEG analyses revealed new sets of genes related to cell proliferation, cell adhesion, surface makers, and regulatory factors. In conclusion, this study provides a useful source of information for the identification of potential SC-specific candidate markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dema Ali
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (D.A.); (D.A.); (H.J.); (M.A.); (N.S.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Dana Alhattab
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (D.A.); (D.A.); (H.J.); (M.A.); (N.S.)
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Jafar
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (D.A.); (D.A.); (H.J.); (M.A.); (N.S.)
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Malak Alzubide
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (D.A.); (D.A.); (H.J.); (M.A.); (N.S.)
| | - Nour Sharar
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (D.A.); (D.A.); (H.J.); (M.A.); (N.S.)
| | - Salwa Bdour
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdalla Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (D.A.); (D.A.); (H.J.); (M.A.); (N.S.)
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (A.A.)
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19
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HIF-1 recruits NANOG as a coactivator for TERT gene transcription in hypoxic breast cancer stem cells. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109757. [PMID: 34592152 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) play essential roles in tumor formation, drug resistance, relapse, and metastasis. NANOG is a protein required for stem cell self-renewal, but the mechanisms by which it performs this function are poorly understood. Here, we show that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is required for NANOG-mediated BCSC enrichment. Mechanistically, NANOG is recruited by HIF-1 to cooperatively activate transcription of the TERT gene encoding the telomerase reverse transcriptase that maintains telomere length, which is required for stem cell self-renewal. NANOG stimulates HIF-1 transcriptional activity by recruitment of the deubiquitinase USP9X, which inhibits HIF-1α protein degradation, and by stabilizing HIF-1α interaction with the coactivator p300, which mediates histone acetylation. Our results delineate a cooperative transcriptional mechanism by which HIF-1 and NANOG mediate BCSC self-renewal.
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20
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Li Y, Wei Y, Gu L. Effect of hypoxia on proliferation and glucocorticoid resistance of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26:775-784. [PMID: 34565306 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2021.1980689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypoxia is emerging as a key factor in the biology of leukaemia. Here, we want to clarify the impact of hypoxia on the proliferation of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) cells and the response to chemotherapy. METHODS T-ALL cells were cultured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. MTT assay and trypan blue staining technique was used to detect cell viability and proliferation. In vitro sensitivity to glucocorticoid was assessed by IC50. CDI was used to analyze the combined effects of glucocorticoid and hypoxia. Flow cytometry was performed to detect apoptosis and cell cycle. Western blotting was performed to detect the protein expression associated with hypoxia. RESULTS Hypoxia of 1% O2 resulted different impact on cell viability and proliferation to different T-ALL cell lines, reduced, unaffected or induced, according to their different metabolic phenotype. All the cell lines showed an induction of key enzymes in glycolysis pathway following hypoxia exposure, although different effector proteins were induced in different cell lines. In GC-sensitive cells, acute hypoxia made no effect on the IC50 of dexamethasone, but chronic hypoxia may improve cell survival and induce GC resistance. However, acute hypoxia induced a higher GC resistance in GC-resistant T-ALL cells and showed an antagonistic effect while combined with high-dose dexamethasone. CONCLUSION T-ALL cells adapt well to hypoxic environment. Hypoxia may influence leukaemic cell proliferation. More importantly, hypoxia contributes to GC resistance in T-ALL blasts, especially in refractory/relapsed T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Laboratory of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Joint laboratory of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Science, Fudan University for Pulmonary Development and Disease, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wei
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Gu
- Laboratory of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Joint laboratory of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Science, Fudan University for Pulmonary Development and Disease, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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21
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Capitano ML, Mohamad SF, Cooper S, Guo B, Huang X, Gunawan AM, Sampson C, Ropa J, Srour EF, Orschell CM, Broxmeyer HE. Mitigating oxygen stress enhances aged mouse hematopoietic stem cell numbers and function. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140177. [PMID: 33393491 DOI: 10.1172/jci140177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) become dysfunctional during aging (i.e., they are increased in number but have an overall reduction in long-term repopulation potential and increased myeloid differentiation) compared with young HSCs, suggesting limited use of old donor BM cells for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). BM cells reside in an in vivo hypoxic environment yet are evaluated after collection and processing in ambient air. We detected an increase in the number of both young and aged mouse BM HSCs collected and processed in 3% O2 compared with the number of young BM HSCs collected and processed in ambient air (~21% O2). Aged BM collected and processed under hypoxic conditions demonstrated enhanced engraftment capability during competitive transplantation analysis and contained more functional HSCs as determined by limiting dilution analysis. Importantly, the myeloid-to-lymphoid differentiation ratio of aged BM collected in 3% O2 was similar to that detected in young BM collected in ambient air or hypoxic conditions, consistent with the increased number of common lymphoid progenitors following collection under hypoxia. Enhanced functional activity and differentiation of old BM collected and processed in hypoxia correlated with reduced "stress" associated with ambient air BM collection and suggests that aged BM may be better and more efficiently used for HCT if collected and processed under hypoxia so that it is never exposed to ambient air O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maegan L Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Safa F Mohamad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Scott Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Andrea M Gunawan
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Carol Sampson
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - James Ropa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Edward F Srour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Christie M Orschell
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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22
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Long-Term Hypoxia Maintains a State of Dedifferentiation and Enhanced Stemness in Fetal Cardiovascular Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179382. [PMID: 34502291 PMCID: PMC8431563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-stage mammalian embryos survive within a low oxygen tension environment and develop into fully functional, healthy organisms despite this hypoxic stress. This suggests that hypoxia plays a regulative role in fetal development that influences cell mobilization, differentiation, proliferation, and survival. The long-term hypoxic environment is sustained throughout gestation. Elucidation of the mechanisms by which cardiovascular stem cells survive and thrive under hypoxic conditions would benefit cell-based therapies where stem cell survival is limited in the hypoxic environment of the infarcted heart. The current study addressed the impact of long-term hypoxia on fetal Islet-1+ cardiovascular progenitor cell clones, which were isolated from sheep housed at high altitude. The cells were then cultured in vitro in 1% oxygen and compared with control Islet-1+ cardiovascular progenitor cells maintained at 21% oxygen. RT-PCR, western blotting, flow cytometry, and migration assays evaluated adaptation to long term hypoxia in terms of survival, proliferation, and signaling. Non-canonical Wnt, Notch, AKT, HIF-2α and Yap1 transcripts were induced by hypoxia. The hypoxic niche environment regulates these signaling pathways to sustain the dedifferentiation and survival of fetal cardiovascular progenitor cells.
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23
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Di Mattia M, Mauro A, Citeroni MR, Dufrusine B, Peserico A, Russo V, Berardinelli P, Dainese E, Cimini A, Barboni B. Insight into Hypoxia Stemness Control. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082161. [PMID: 34440930 PMCID: PMC8394199 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the research on stemness and multilineage differentiation mechanisms has greatly increased its value due to the potential therapeutic impact of stem cell-based approaches. Stem cells modulate their self-renewing and differentiation capacities in response to endogenous and/or extrinsic factors that can control stem cell fate. One key factor controlling stem cell phenotype is oxygen (O2). Several pieces of evidence demonstrated that the complexity of reproducing O2 physiological tensions and gradients in culture is responsible for defective stem cell behavior in vitro and after transplantation. This evidence is still worsened by considering that stem cells are conventionally incubated under non-physiological air O2 tension (21%). Therefore, the study of mechanisms and signaling activated at lower O2 tension, such as those existing under native microenvironments (referred to as hypoxia), represent an effective strategy to define if O2 is essential in preserving naïve stemness potential as well as in modulating their differentiation. Starting from this premise, the goal of the present review is to report the status of the art about the link existing between hypoxia and stemness providing insight into the factors/molecules involved, to design targeted strategies that, recapitulating naïve O2 signals, enable towards the therapeutic use of stem cell for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Di Mattia
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Annunziata Mauro
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-086-1426-6888; Fax: +39-08-6126-6860
| | - Maria Rita Citeroni
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Beatrice Dufrusine
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Center of Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessia Peserico
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Valentina Russo
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Paolo Berardinelli
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Enrico Dainese
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
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Broxmeyer HE. All in for nuclear PFKP-induced CXCR4 metastasis: a T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia prognostic marker. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e151295. [PMID: 34396983 DOI: 10.1172/jci151295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1) is expressed in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), where its upregulation is linked with cancer progression. While PFK1 functions in the glycolysis pathway within the cytoplasm, it is also present in the nucleus where it regulates gene transcription. In this issue of the JCI, Xueliang Gao, Shenghui Qin, et al. focus their mechanism-based investigation on the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling aspect of the PFK1 platelet isoform, PFKP. Functional nuclear export and localization sequences stimulated CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) expression to promote T-ALL invasion that involved cyclin D3/CDK6, c-Myc, and importin-9. Since the presence of nuclear PFKP is associated with poor survival in T-ALL, nuclear PFKP-induced CXCR4 expression might serve as a prognostic marker for T-ALL. More promising, though, are the mechanistic insights suggesting that approaches to dampening metastatic migration may have application to benefit patients with T-ALL.
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Otero-Albiol D, Carnero A. Cellular senescence or stemness: hypoxia flips the coin. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:243. [PMID: 34325734 PMCID: PMC8323321 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a complex physiological state whose main feature is proliferative arrest. Cellular senescence can be considered the reverse of cell immortalization and continuous tumor growth. However, cellular senescence has many physiological functions beyond being a putative tumor suppressive trait. It remains unknown whether low levels of oxygen or hypoxia, which is a feature of every tissue in the organism, modulate cellular senescence, altering its capacity to suppress the limitation of proliferation. It has been observed that the lifespan of mammalian primary cells is increased under low oxygen conditions. Additionally, hypoxia promotes self-renewal and pluripotency maintenance in adult and embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this study, we discuss the role of hypoxia facilitating senescence bypass during malignant transformation and acquisition of stemness properties, which all contribute to tumor development and cancer disease aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Otero-Albiol
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013, Seville, Spain.,CIBER de CANCER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013, Seville, Spain. .,CIBER de CANCER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Ropa J, Trinh T, Aljoufi A, Broxmeyer HE. Consequences of coronavirus infections for primitive and mature hematopoietic cells: new insights and why it matters. Curr Opin Hematol 2021; 28:231-242. [PMID: 33656463 PMCID: PMC8269959 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In recent history there have been three outbreaks of betacoronavirus infections in humans, with the most recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; causing Coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) outbreak leading to over two million deaths, with a rapidly rising death toll. Much remains unknown about host cells and tissues affected by coronavirus infections, including the hematopoietic system. Here, we discuss the recent findings examining effects that coronavirus infection or exposure has on hematopoietic cells and the clinical implications for these effects. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have centered on SARS-CoV-2, demonstrating that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and mature immune cells may be susceptible to infection and are impacted functionally by exposure to SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. These findings have important implications regarding hematologic complications arising from COVID-19 and other coronavirus-induced disease, which we discuss here. SUMMARY Infection with coronaviruses sometimes leads to hematologic complications in patients, and these hematologic complications are associated with poorer prognosis. These hematologic complications may be caused by coronavirus direct infection or impact on primitive hematopoietic cells or mature immune cells, by indirect effects on these cells, or by a combination thereof. It is important to understand how hematologic complications arise in order to seek new treatments to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Ropa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Thao Trinh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Arafat Aljoufi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hal E. Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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27
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Bessi BW, Botigelli RC, Pieri NCG, Machado LS, Cruz JB, de Moraes P, de Souza AF, Recchia K, Barbosa G, de Castro RVG, Nogueira MFG, Bressan FF. Cattle In Vitro Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Generated and Maintained in 5 or 20% Oxygen and Different Supplementation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061531. [PMID: 34204517 PMCID: PMC8234940 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The event of cellular reprogramming into pluripotency is influenced by several factors, such as in vitro culture conditions (e.g., culture medium and oxygen concentration). Herein, bovine iPSCs (biPSCs) were generated in different levels of oxygen tension (5% or 20% of oxygen) and supplementation (bFGF or bFGF + LIF + 2i-bFL2i) to evaluate the efficiency of pluripotency induction and maintenance in vitro. Initial reprogramming was observed in all groups and bFL2i supplementation initially resulted in a superior number of colonies. However, bFL2i supplementation in low oxygen led to a loss of self-renewal and pluripotency maintenance. All clonal lines were positive for alkaline phosphatase; they expressed endogenous pluripotency-related genes SOX2, OCT4 and STELLA. However, expression was decreased throughout the passages without the influence of oxygen tension. GLUT1 and GLUT3 were upregulated by low oxygen. The biPSCs were immunofluorescence-positive stained for OCT4 and SOX2 and they formed embryoid bodies which differentiated in ectoderm and mesoderm (all groups), as well as endoderm (one line from bFL2i in high oxygen). Our study is the first to compare high and low oxygen environments during and after induced reprogramming in cattle. In our conditions, a low oxygen environment did not favor the pluripotency maintenance of biPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon Willian Bessi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (B.W.B.); (N.C.G.P.); (L.S.M.); (J.B.C.); (P.d.M.); (A.F.d.S.); (K.R.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.d.C.)
| | - Ramon Cesar Botigelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (B.W.B.); (N.C.G.P.); (L.S.M.); (J.B.C.); (P.d.M.); (A.F.d.S.); (K.R.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.d.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences (IBB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil
- Correspondence: (R.C.B.); (F.F.B.)
| | - Naira Caroline Godoy Pieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (B.W.B.); (N.C.G.P.); (L.S.M.); (J.B.C.); (P.d.M.); (A.F.d.S.); (K.R.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.d.C.)
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Lucas Simões Machado
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (B.W.B.); (N.C.G.P.); (L.S.M.); (J.B.C.); (P.d.M.); (A.F.d.S.); (K.R.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.d.C.)
| | - Jessica Brunhara Cruz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (B.W.B.); (N.C.G.P.); (L.S.M.); (J.B.C.); (P.d.M.); (A.F.d.S.); (K.R.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.d.C.)
| | - Pamela de Moraes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (B.W.B.); (N.C.G.P.); (L.S.M.); (J.B.C.); (P.d.M.); (A.F.d.S.); (K.R.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.d.C.)
| | - Aline Fernanda de Souza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (B.W.B.); (N.C.G.P.); (L.S.M.); (J.B.C.); (P.d.M.); (A.F.d.S.); (K.R.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.d.C.)
| | - Kaiana Recchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (B.W.B.); (N.C.G.P.); (L.S.M.); (J.B.C.); (P.d.M.); (A.F.d.S.); (K.R.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.d.C.)
| | - Gabriela Barbosa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (B.W.B.); (N.C.G.P.); (L.S.M.); (J.B.C.); (P.d.M.); (A.F.d.S.); (K.R.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.d.C.)
| | - Raquel Vasconcelos Guimarães de Castro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (B.W.B.); (N.C.G.P.); (L.S.M.); (J.B.C.); (P.d.M.); (A.F.d.S.); (K.R.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.d.C.)
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fábio Gouveia Nogueira
- Department of Biological Science, School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis 19806-900, Brazil;
| | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (B.W.B.); (N.C.G.P.); (L.S.M.); (J.B.C.); (P.d.M.); (A.F.d.S.); (K.R.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.d.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.C.B.); (F.F.B.)
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Collection and Processing of Mobilized Mouse Peripheral Blood at Lowered Oxygen Tension Yields Enhanced Numbers of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:946-953. [PMID: 32748332 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10021-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) hematopoietic stem (HSCs) and progenitor (HPCs) cells are primary sources for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Successful HCT requires threshold numbers of high-quality HSCs to reconstitute hematopoiesis long-term. Nevertheless, considerable percentages of patients and healthy donors fail to achieve required thresholds of HSCs with current mobilization regimens. In this present study we demonstrate that similar to mouse bone marrow (BM) and human cord blood, collection and processing of mouse Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)-, AMD3100/Plerixafor- or G-CSF plus AMD3100/Plerixafor-mobilized HSCs in 3% O2 results in enhanced numbers of rigorously-defined phenotypic and for G-CSF - and G-CSF plus AMD3100/Plerixafor - mPB enhanced functionally-engrafting HSCs. These results may be of potential clinical utility. Graphical Abstract.
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Nlrp3 Inflammasome Signaling Regulates the Homing and Engraftment of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSPCs) by Enhancing Incorporation of CXCR4 Receptor into Membrane Lipid Rafts. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:954-967. [PMID: 32661868 PMCID: PMC7456406 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fast and efficient homing and engraftment of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) is crucial for positive clinical outcomes from transplantation. We found that this process depends on activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome, both in the HSPCs to be transplanted and in the cells in the recipient bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. For the first time we provide evidence that functional deficiency in the Nlrp3 inflammasome in transplanted cells or in the host microenvironment leads to defective homing and engraftment. At the molecular level, functional deficiency of the Nlrp3 inflammasome in HSPCs leads to their defective migration in response to the major BM homing chemoattractant stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and to other supportive chemoattractants, including sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP). We report that activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome increases autocrine release of eATP, which promotes incorporation of the CXCR4 receptor into membrane lipid rafts at the leading surface of migrating cells. On the other hand, a lack of Nlrp3 inflammasome expression in BM conditioned for transplantation leads to a decrease in expression of SDF-1 and danger-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), which are responsible for activation of the complement cascade (ComC), which in turn facilitates the homing and engraftment of HSPCs.
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30
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Aquino JB, Sierra R, Montaldo LA. Diverse cellular origins of adult blood vascular endothelial cells. Dev Biol 2021; 477:117-132. [PMID: 34048734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic stages, vascular endothelial cells (ECs) originate from the mesoderm, at specific extraembryonic and embryonic regions, through a process called vasculogenesis. In the adult, EC renewal/replacement mostly depend on local resident ECs or endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Nevertheless, contribution from circulating ECs/EPCs was also reported. In addition, cells lacking from EC/EPC markers with in vitro extended plasticity were shown to originate endothelial-like cells (ELCs). Most of these cells consist of mesenchymal stromal progenitors, which would eventually get mobilized from the bone marrow after injury. Based on that, current knowledge on different mouse and human bone marrow stromal cell (BM-SC) subpopulations, able to contribute with mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), is herein reviewed. Such analyses underline an unexpected heterogeneity among sinusoidal LepR+ stromal/CAR cells. For instance, in a recent report a subgroup of LepR+ stromal/CAR progenitors, which express GLAST and is traced in Wnt1Cre;R26RTom mice, was found to contribute with ELCs in vivo. These GLAST + Wnt1+ BM-SCs were shown to get mobilized to the peripheral blood and to contribute with liver regeneration. Other sources of ELCs, such as adipose, neural and dental pulp tissues, were also published. Finally, mechanisms likely involved in the enhanced cellular plasticity properties of bone marrow/adipose tissue stromal cells, able to originate ELCs, are assessed. In the future, strategies to analyze the in vivo expression profile of stromal cells, with MSC properties, in combination with screening of active genomic regions at the single cell-level, during early postnatal development and/or after injury, will likely help understanding properties of these ELC sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge B Aquino
- CONICET-Universidad Austral, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Argentina.
| | - Romina Sierra
- CONICET-Universidad Austral, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Argentina
| | - Laura A Montaldo
- CONICET-Universidad Austral, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Argentina
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31
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Abstract
The normal wound healing process and the foreign body reaction to wound management materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeon Il Kang
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-bioengineering
- Incheon National University
- Korea
| | - Kyung Min Park
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-bioengineering
- Incheon National University
- Korea
- Division of Bioengineering
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering
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32
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Butt UJ, Steixner-Kumar AA, Depp C, Sun T, Hassouna I, Wüstefeld L, Arinrad S, Zillmann MR, Schopf N, Fernandez Garcia-Agudo L, Mohrmann L, Bode U, Ronnenberg A, Hindermann M, Goebbels S, Bonn S, Katschinski DM, Miskowiak KW, Nave KA, Ehrenreich H. Hippocampal neurons respond to brain activity with functional hypoxia. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1790-1807. [PMID: 33564132 PMCID: PMC8440186 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00988-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity and cognitive challenge are established non-invasive methods to induce comprehensive brain activation and thereby improve global brain function including mood and emotional well-being in healthy subjects and in patients. However, the mechanisms underlying this experimental and clinical observation and broadly exploited therapeutic tool are still widely obscure. Here we show in the behaving brain that physiological (endogenous) hypoxia is likely a respective lead mechanism, regulating hippocampal plasticity via adaptive gene expression. A refined transgenic approach in mice, utilizing the oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domain of HIF-1α fused to CreERT2 recombinase, allows us to demonstrate hypoxic cells in the performing brain under normoxia and motor-cognitive challenge, and spatially map them by light-sheet microscopy, all in comparison to inspiratory hypoxia as strong positive control. We report that a complex motor-cognitive challenge causes hypoxia across essentially all brain areas, with hypoxic neurons particularly abundant in the hippocampus. These data suggest an intriguing model of neuroplasticity, in which a specific task-associated neuronal activity triggers mild hypoxia as a local neuron-specific as well as a brain-wide response, comprising indirectly activated neurons and non-neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Javed Butt
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Agnes A. Steixner-Kumar
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Constanze Depp
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ting Sun
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Imam Hassouna
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Liane Wüstefeld
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sahab Arinrad
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias R. Zillmann
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Schopf
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Fernandez Garcia-Agudo
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leonie Mohrmann
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulli Bode
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Ronnenberg
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Hindermann
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Goebbels
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bonn
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dörthe M. Katschinski
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kamilla W. Miskowiak
- grid.475435.4Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
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Endo Y, Baldino K, Li B, Zhang Y, Sakthivel D, MacArthur M, Panayi AC, Kip P, Spencer DJ, Jasuja R, Bagchi D, Bhasin S, Nuutila K, Neppl RL, Wagers AJ, Sinha I. Loss of ARNT in skeletal muscle limits muscle regeneration in aging. FASEB J 2020; 34:16086-16104. [PMID: 33064329 PMCID: PMC7756517 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000761rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability of skeletal muscle to regenerate declines significantly with aging. The expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT), a critical component of the hypoxia signaling pathway, was less abundant in skeletal muscle of old (23-25 months old) mice. This loss of ARNT was associated with decreased levels of Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD) and impaired regenerative response to injury in comparison to young (2-3 months old) mice. Knockdown of ARNT in a primary muscle cell line impaired differentiation in vitro. Skeletal muscle-specific ARNT deletion in young mice resulted in decreased levels of whole muscle N1ICD and limited muscle regeneration. Administration of a systemic hypoxia pathway activator (ML228), which simulates the actions of ARNT, rescued skeletal muscle regeneration in both old and ARNT-deleted mice. These results suggest that the loss of ARNT in skeletal muscle is partially responsible for diminished myogenic potential in aging and activation of hypoxia signaling holds promise for rescuing regenerative activity in old muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yori Endo
- Division of Plastic SurgeryBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Kodi Baldino
- Division of Plastic SurgeryBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Bin Li
- Division of Plastic SurgeryBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic SurgeryNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuteng Zhang
- Division of Plastic SurgeryBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic SurgeryNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | | | - Michael MacArthur
- Department of Genetics and Complex DiseasesHarvard School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Adriana C. Panayi
- Division of Plastic SurgeryBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Peter Kip
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | | | - Ravi Jasuja
- Division of EndocrinologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Debalina Bagchi
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Division of EndocrinologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Kristo Nuutila
- Division of Plastic SurgeryBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Ronald L. Neppl
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Amy J. Wagers
- Joslin Diabetes CenterBostonMAUSA
- Harvard Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiologyHarvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeMAUSA
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of AgingHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Division of Plastic SurgeryBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Harvard Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiologyHarvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeMAUSA
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Hertzog RG, Bicheru NS, Popescu DM, Călborean O, Catrina AM. Hypoxic preconditioning - A nonpharmacological approach in COVID-19 prevention. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 103:415-419. [PMID: 33249285 PMCID: PMC7690942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is defined by low oxygen concentration in organs, tissues, and cells. Maintaining oxygen homeostasis represents the essential cellular metabolic process for the structural integrity of tissues in different pathological conditions, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Considering the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 as the regulator of cellular response to hypoxia and its involvement in angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, glucose metabolism, inflammation, we propose hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) as a novel prevention therapeutic approach on healthy contacts of patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). To date, several studies revealed the beneficial effects of HPC in ischemia, kidney failure, and in pulmonary function recovery of patients who underwent lung surgery. HPC increases the expression of factors that promote cell survival and angiogenesis, induces an anti-inflammatory outcome, triggers coordinated hypoxia responses that promote erythropoiesis, and mobilizes the circulating progenitor cells. Furthermore, the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) exposed to HPC show improvement of their regenerative capacities and increases the effectiveness of stem cell therapy in different pathologies, including COVID-19. In conclusion, HPC should be considered as an approach with beneficial outcomes and without significant side effects when the organism is severely exposed to the same stressor. HPC appears as a trigger to mechanisms that improve and maintain tissue oxygenation and repair, a main goal in different pathologies, including COVID-19 or other respiratory conditions.
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Progress towards improving homing and engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells for clinical transplantation. Curr Opin Hematol 2020; 26:266-272. [PMID: 31045644 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a life-saving treatment for a variety of hematological and nonhematological disorders. Successful clinical outcomes after transplantation rely on adequate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) numbers, and the homing and subsequent short-term and long-term engraftment of these cells in the bone marrow. Enhancing the homing capability of HSCs has the potential for high impact on improving HCT and patient survival. RECENT FINDINGS There are a number of ways to enhance HSC engraftment. Neutralizing negative epigenetic regulation by histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) increases surface CXCR4 expression and promotes human HSC homing and engraftment in immune-deficient NSG (NOD.Cg-Prkdc IL2rgt/Sz) mice. Short-term treatment of cells with glucocorticoids, pharmacological stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, increasing membrane lipid raft aggregation, and inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) facilitates HSC homing and engraftment. Added to these procedures, modulating the mitochondria permeability transition pore (MPTP) to mitigate ambient air-induced extra physiological oxygen stress/shock (EPHOSS) by hypoxic harvest and processing, or using cyclosporine A during air collection increases functional HSC numbers and improves HSC engraftment. SUMMARY A better understanding of the regulation of human HSC homing mediated by various signaling pathways will facilitate development of more efficient means to enhance HCT efficacy.
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Isono W, Kawasaki T, Ichida JK, Ayabe T, Hiraike O, Umezawa A, Akutsu H. The combination of dibenzazepine and a DOT1L inhibitor enables a stable maintenance of human naïve-state pluripotency in non-hypoxic conditions. Regen Ther 2020; 15:161-168. [PMID: 33426214 PMCID: PMC7770342 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), known for being in a primed state, are pivotal for both basic research and clinical applications since such cells produce various types of differentiated cells. Recent reports on PSCs shed light on the pluripotent hierarchy of stem cells and have promoted the exploration of new stem cell states along with their culture systems. Human naïve PSCs are expected to provide further knowledge of early developmental mechanisms and improvements for differentiation programmes in the regenerative therapy of conventionally primed PSCs. However, practical challenges exist in using naïve-state PSCs such as determining the conditions for hypoxic culture condition and showing limited stable cellular proliferation. Here, we have developed new leukemia inhibitory factor dependent PSCs by applying our previous work, the combination of dibenzazepine and a DOT1L inhibitor to achieve the stable culture of naïve-state PSCs. The potential of these cells to differentiate into all three germ layers was shown both in vitro and in vivo. Such new naïve-state PSCs formed dome-shaped colonies at a faster rate than conventional, primed-state human induced PSCs and could be maintained for an extended period in the absence of hypoxic culture conditions. We also identified relatively high expression levels of naïve cell markers. Thus, non-hypoxia treated, leukemia inhibitory factor-dependent PSCs are anticipated to have characteristics similar to those of naïve-like PSCs, and to enhance the utility value of PSCs. Such naïve PSCs may allow the molecular characterization of previously undefined naïve human PSCs, and to ultimately contribute to the use of human pluripotent stem cells in regenerative medicine and disease modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Isono
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kawasaki
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Justin K Ichida
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Takuya Ayabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Osamu Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hidenori Akutsu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
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Shah VM, Sheppard BC, Sears RC, Alani AW. Hypoxia: Friend or Foe for drug delivery in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 492:63-70. [PMID: 32822815 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal solid tumors with an overall five-year survival rate of that has only just reached 10%. The tumor microenvironment of PDAC is characterized by desmoplasia, which consist of dense stroma of fibroblasts and inflammatory cells, resulting in a hypoxic environment due to limited oxygen diffusion through the tumor. Hypoxia contributes to the aggressive tumor biology by promoting tumor progression, malignancy, and promoting resistance to conventional and targeted therapeutic agents. In depth research in the area has identified that hypoxia modulates the tumor biology through hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs), which not only are the key determinant of pancreatic malignancy but also an important target for therapy. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in understanding hypoxia driven phenotypes, which are responsible for the highly aggressive and metastatic characteristics of pancreatic cancer, and how hypoxia can be exploited as a target for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi M Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University/OHSU, 2730 SW Moody Ave., Portland, OR, 97201, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S. W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Brett C Sheppard
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; OHSU Knight Cancer Institute at Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S. W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA; OHSU Knight Cancer Institute at Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Adam Wg Alani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University/OHSU, 2730 SW Moody Ave., Portland, OR, 97201, USA; OHSU Knight Cancer Institute at Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine at Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Shin DY, Huang X, Gil CH, Aljoufi A, Ropa J, Broxmeyer HE. Physioxia enhances T-cell development ex vivo from human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1454-1466. [PMID: 32761664 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding physiologic T-cell development from hematopoietic stem (HSCs) and progenitor cells (HPCs) is essential for development of improved hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and emerging T-cell therapies. Factors in the thymic niche, including Notch 1 receptor ligand, guide HSCs and HPCs through T-cell development in vitro. We report that physiologically relevant oxygen concentration (5% O2 , physioxia), an important environmental thymic factor, promotes differentiation of cord blood CD34+ cells into progenitor T (proT) cells in serum-free and feeder-free culture system. This effect is enhanced by a potent reducing and antioxidant agent, ascorbic acid. Human CD34+ cell-derived proT cells in suspension cultures maturate into CD3+ T cells in an artificial thymic organoid (ATO) culture system more efficiently when maintained under physioxia, compared to ambient air. Low oxygen tension acts as a positive regulator of HSC commitment and HPC differentiation toward proT cells in the feeder-free culture system and for further maturation into T cells in the ATO. Culturing HSCs/HPCs in physioxia is an enhanced method of effective progenitor T and mature T-cell production ex vivo and may be of future use for HCT and T-cell immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeop Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Hyun Gil
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Arafat Aljoufi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - James Ropa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Bujko K, Cymer M, Adamiak M, Ratajczak MZ. An Overview of Novel Unconventional Mechanisms of Hematopoietic Development and Regulators of Hematopoiesis - a Roadmap for Future Investigations. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:785-794. [PMID: 31642043 PMCID: PMC6925068 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the best-characterized stem cells in adult tissues. Nevertheless, as of today, many open questions remain. First, what is the phenotype of the most primitive "pre-HSC" able to undergo asymmetric divisions during ex vivo expansion that gives rise to HSC for all hemato-lymphopoietic lineages. Next, most routine in vitro assays designed to study HSC specification into hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) for major hematopoietic lineages are based on a limited number of peptide-based growth factors and cytokines, neglecting the involvement of several other regulators that are endowed with hematopoietic activity. Examples include many hormones, such as pituitary gonadotropins, gonadal sex hormones, IGF-1, and thyroid hormones, as well as bioactive phosphosphingolipids and extracellular nucleotides (EXNs). Moreover, in addition to regulation by stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), trafficking of these cells during mobilization or homing after transplantation is also regulated by bioactive phosphosphingolipids, EXNs, and three ancient proteolytic cascades, the complement cascade (ComC), the coagulation cascade (CoA), and the fibrinolytic cascade (FibC). Finally, it has emerged that bone marrow responds by "sterile inflammation" to signals sent from damaged organs and tissues, systemic stress, strenuous exercise, gut microbiota, and the administration of certain drugs. This review will address the involvement of these unconventional regulators and present a broader picture of hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Bujko
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Monika Cymer
- Center for Preclinical Studies and Technology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Adamiak
- Center for Preclinical Studies and Technology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,Center for Preclinical Studies and Technology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Baik AH, Jain IH. Turning the Oxygen Dial: Balancing the Highs and Lows. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:516-536. [PMID: 32386878 PMCID: PMC7391449 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen is both vital and toxic to life. Molecular oxygen is the most used substrate in the human body and is required for several hundred diverse biochemical reactions. The discovery of the PHD-HIF-pVHL system revolutionized our fundamental understanding of oxygen sensing and cellular adaptations to hypoxia. It deepened our knowledge of the biochemical underpinnings of numerous diseases, ranging from anemia to cancer. Cellular dysfunction and tissue pathology can result from a mismatch of oxygen supply and demand. Recent work has shown that mitochondrial disease models display tissue hyperoxia and that disease pathology can be reversed by normalization of excess oxygen, suggesting that certain disease states can potentially be treated by modulating oxygen levels. In this review, we describe cellular and organismal mechanisms of oxygen sensing and adaptation. We provide a revitalized framework for understanding pathologies of too little or too much oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan H Baik
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Isha H Jain
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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41
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Broxmeyer H. Players in Drug-Resistant Leukemia Stem/Initiating Cells and Immunity in Patients with CML in Context of Oxygen Levels: Would Collecting/Processing Cells in Hypoxia Offer Additional Information? A Next Frontier of Investigation. Blood Cancer Discov 2020; 1:13-15. [PMID: 34661136 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3249.bcd-20-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a stem cell disorder once considered an eventual death sentence upon progression to the terminal acute/blastic cell phase, a terrible clinical outcome that has improved with the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. A major continuing problem with treating CML is the persistence of drug-resistant leukemia stem/initiating cells (LS/IC). In this issue of Blood Cancer Discovery, Silvestri and colleagues describe an incredibly in-depth mechanistic study using genetic and pharmacologic modulation of the miRNA MiR300 with and without treatment with activators of the serine-threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in human cells. In vitro studies and in vivo mouse models of patient-derived xenografts were used to address the need to target LS/ICs and restore immunity of impaired natural killer cells for attenuation of CML progression. See related article by Silvestri et al., p. 48.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hal Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the NCI-Designated Comprehensive Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Koike K, Nagano M, Ebihara M, Hirayama T, Tsuji M, Suga H, Nagasawa H. Design, Synthesis, and Conformation-Activity Study of Unnatural Bridged Bicyclic Depsipeptides as Highly Potent Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 Inhibitors and Antitumor Agents. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4022-4046. [PMID: 32202785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
By carrying out structural modifications based on the bicyclic peptide structure of echinomycin, we successfully synthesized various powerful antitumor derivatives. The ring conformation in the obtained compounds was restricted by cross-linking with an unnatural bond. The prepared derivatives were demonstrated to strongly suppress the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1 transcriptional activation and hypoxia induction of HIF-1 protein expression. Particularly, alkene-bridged derivative 12 exhibited remarkably potent cytotoxicity (IC50 = 0.22 nM on the MCF-7 cell line) and HIF-1 inhibition (IC50 = 0.09 nM), which considerably exceeded those of echinomycin. Conformational analyses and molecular modeling studies revealed that the biological activities were enhanced following restriction of the conformation by cross-linking through a metabolically stable and rigid bridge bond. In addition, we proposed a new globular conformation stabilized by intramolecular π stacking that can contribute to the biological effects of bicyclic depsipeptides. The developments presented in the current study serve as a useful guide to expand the chemical space of peptides in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Koike
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-city, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masanobu Nagano
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ebihara
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu-city, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-city, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Mieko Tsuji
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-city, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideko Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-city, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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Succinate Supplement Elicited "Pseudohypoxia" Condition to Promote Proliferation, Migration, and Osteogenesis of Periodontal Ligament Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:2016809. [PMID: 32215014 PMCID: PMC7085835 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2016809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Most mesenchymal stem cells reside in a niche of low oxygen tension. Iron-chelating agents such as CoCl2 and deferoxamine have been utilized to mimic hypoxia and promote cell growth. The purpose of the present study was to explore whether a supplement of succinate, a natural metabolite of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, can mimic hypoxia condition to promote human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). Culturing hPDLCs in hypoxia condition promoted cell proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation; moreover, hypoxia shifted cell metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis with accumulation of succinate in the cytosol and its release into culture supernatants. The succinate supplement enhanced hPDLC proliferation, migration, and osteogenesis with decreased succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) expression and activity, as well as increased hexokinase 2 (HK2) and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), suggesting metabolic reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in a normal oxygen condition. The succinate supplement in cell cultures promoted intracellular succinate accumulation while stabilizing hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), leading to a state of pseudohypoxia. Moreover, we demonstrate that hypoxia-induced proliferation was G-protein-coupled receptor 91- (GPR91-) dependent, while exogenous succinate-elicited proliferation involved the GPR91-dependent and GPR91-independent pathway. In conclusion, the succinate supplement altered cell metabolism in hPDLCs, induced a pseudohypoxia condition, and enhanced proliferation, migration, and osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro.
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HORISAWA K, SUZUKI A. Direct cell-fate conversion of somatic cells: Toward regenerative medicine and industries. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 96:131-158. [PMID: 32281550 PMCID: PMC7247973 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.96.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cells of multicellular organisms have diverse characteristics despite having the same genetic identity. The distinctive phenotype of each cell is determined by molecular mechanisms such as epigenetic changes that occur throughout the lifetime of an individual. Recently, technologies that enable modification of the fate of somatic cells have been developed, and the number of studies using these technologies has increased drastically in the last decade. Various cell types, including neuronal cells, cardiomyocytes, and hepatocytes, have been generated using these technologies. Although most direct reprogramming methods employ forced transduction of a defined sets of transcription factors to reprogram cells in a manner similar to induced pluripotent cell technology, many other strategies, such as methods utilizing chemical compounds and microRNAs to change the fate of somatic cells, have also been developed. In this review, we summarize transcription factor-based reprogramming and various other reprogramming methods. Additionally, we describe the various industrial applications of direct reprogramming technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi HORISAWA
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi SUZUKI
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed: A. Suzuki, Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan (e-mail: )
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Huang X, Guo B, Capitano M, Broxmeyer HE. Past, present, and future efforts to enhance the efficacy of cord blood hematopoietic cell transplantation. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 31723413 PMCID: PMC6823900 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20002.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) has been used as a viable source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in over 35,000 clinical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) efforts to treat the same variety of malignant and non-malignant disorders treated by bone marrow (BM) and mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) using HLA-matched or partially HLA-disparate related or unrelated donor cells for adult and children recipients. This review documents the beginning of this clinical effort that started in the 1980’s, the pros and cons of CB HCT compared to BM and mPB HCT, and recent experimental and clinical efforts to enhance the efficacy of CB HCT. These efforts include means for increasing HSC numbers in single CB collections, expanding functional HSCs
ex vivo, and improving CB HSC homing and engraftment, all with the goal of clinical translation. Concluding remarks highlight the need for phase I/II clinical trials to test the experimental procedures that are described, either alone or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Huang
- Xuhui Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Maegan Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
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Osrodek M, Hartman ML, Czyz M. Physiologically Relevant Oxygen Concentration (6% O 2) as an Important Component of the Microenvironment Impacting Melanoma Phenotype and Melanoma Response to Targeted Therapeutics In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174203. [PMID: 31461993 PMCID: PMC6747123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell phenotype largely depends on oxygen availability. The atmospheric oxygen concentration (21%) used in in vitro studies is much higher than in any human tissue. Using well-characterized patient-derived melanoma cell lines, we compared: (i) activities of several signaling pathways, and (ii) the effects of vemurafenib and trametinib in hyperoxia (21% O2), normoxia (6% O2) and hypoxia (1% O2). A high plasticity of melanoma cells in response to changes in oxygen supplementation and drug treatment was observed, and the transcriptional reprograming and phenotypic changes varied between cell lines. Normoxia enhanced the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glucose metabolism/transport-related genes, and changed percentages of NGFR- and MITF-positive cells in cell line-dependent manner. Increased protein stability might be responsible for high PGC1α level in MITFlow melanoma cells. Vemurafenib and trametinib while targeting the activity of MAPK/ERK pathway irrespective of oxygen concentration, were less effective in normoxia than hyperoxia in reducing levels of VEGF, PGC1α, SLC7A11 and Ki-67-positive cells in cell line-dependent manner. In conclusion, in vitro studies performed in atmospheric oxygen concentration provide different information on melanoma cell phenotype and response to drugs than performed in normoxia, which might partially explain the discrepancies between results obtained in vitro and in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Osrodek
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mariusz L Hartman
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Czyz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
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Ianniciello A, Rattigan KM, Helgason GV. The Ins and Outs of Autophagy and Metabolism in Hematopoietic and Leukemic Stem Cells: Food for Thought. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:120. [PMID: 30320108 PMCID: PMC6169402 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovered over fifty years ago, autophagy is a double-edged blade. On one hand, it regulates cellular energy sources by "cannibalization" of its own cellular components, feeding on proteins and other unused cytoplasmic factors. On the other, it is a recycling process that removes dangerous waste from the cytoplasm keeping the cell clean and healthy. Failure of the autophagic machinery is translated in dysfunction of the immune response, in aging, and in the progression of pathologies such as Parkinson disease, diabetes, and cancer. Further investigation identified autophagy with a protective role in specific types of cancer, whereas in other cases it can promote tumorigenesis. Evidence shows that treatment with chemotherapeutics can upregulate autophagy in order to maintain a stable intracellular environment promoting drug resistance and cell survival. Leukemia, a blood derived cancer, represents one of the malignancies in which autophagy is responsible for drug treatment failure. Inhibition of autophagy is becoming a strategic target for leukemic stem cell (LSC) eradication. Interestingly, the latest findings demonstrate that LSCs show higher levels of mitochondrial metabolism compared to normal stem cells. With this review, we aim to explore the links between autophagy and metabolism in the hematopoietic system, with special focus on primitive LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G. Vignir Helgason
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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