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Huang Y, Shen L, Du F, Wang Z, Yin Y. Functional studies of McSTE24, McCYP305a1, and McJHEH, three essential genes act in cantharidin biosynthesis in the blister beetle (Coleoptera: Meloidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2024; 24:4. [PMID: 38989843 PMCID: PMC11237990 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Cantharidin is a toxic defensive substance secreted by most blister beetles when attacked. It has been used to treat many complex diseases since ancient times and has recently regained popularity as an anticancer agent. However, the detailed mechanism of the cantharidin biosynthesis has not been completely addressed. In this study, we cloned McSTE24 (encoding STE24 endopeptidase) from terpenoid backbone pathway, McCYP305a1 (encoding cytochrome P450, family 305) and McJHEH [encoding subfamily A, polypeptide 1 and juvenile hormone (JH) epoxide hydrolase] associated to JH synthesis/degradation in the blister beetle Mylabris cichorii (Linnaeus, 1758, Coleoptera: Meloidae). Expression pattern analyses across developmental stages in adult males revealed that the expressions of 3 transcripts were closely linked to cantharidin titer exclusively during the peak period of cantharidin synthesis (20-25 days old). In contrast, at other stages, these genes may primarily regulate different biological processes. When RNA interference with double-stranded RNA suppressed the expressions of the 3 genes individually, significant reductions in cantharidin production were observed in males and also in females following McJHEH knockdown, indicating that these 3 genes might primarily contribute to cantharidin biosynthesis in males, but not in females, while females could self-synthesis a small amount of cantharidin. These findings support the previously hypothesized sexual dimorphism in cantharidin biosynthesis during the adult phase. McCYP305a1 collaborates with its upstream gene McSTE24 in cantharidin biosynthesis, while McJHEH independently regulates cantharidin biosynthesis in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Function and Regulation, School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Ling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Function and Regulation, School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Fang Du
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Function and Regulation, School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Zhongkang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Function and Regulation, School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Youping Yin
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Function and Regulation, School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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Su Y, Wang W, Dai Y, Qi R, Gu H, Guo X, Liu X, Ren Y, Li F, Li B, Sun H. JH degradation pathway participates in hormonal regulation of larval development of Bombyx mori following λ-cyhalothrin exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140871. [PMID: 38056714 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
λ-Cyhalothrin (λ-cyh), a widely utilized pyrethroid insecticide, poses serious threats to non-target organisms due to its persistence nature in the environment. Exposure to low concentrations of λ-cyh has been observed to result in prolonged larval development in Bombyx mori, leading to substantial financial losses in sericulture. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for prolonged development caused by λ-cyh (LC10) exposure. The results showed that the JH Ⅲ titer was significantly increased at 24 h of λ-cyh exposure, and the JH interacting genes Methoprene-tolerant 2, Steroid Receptor Co-activator, Krüppel-homolog 1, and JH binding proteins were also up-regulated. Although the target of rapamycin (Tor) genes were induced by λ-cyh, the biosynthesis of JH in the corpora allata was not promoted. Notably, 13 JH degradation genes were found to be significantly down-regulated in the midgut of B. mori. The mRNA levels and enzyme activity assays indicated that λ-cyh had inhibitory effects on JH esterase, JH epoxide hydrolase, and JH diol kinase (JHDK). Furthermore, the suppression of JHDK (KWMTBOMO01580) was further confirmed by both western blot and immunohistochemistry. This study has offered a comprehensive perspective on the mechanisms underlying the prolonged development caused by insecticides, and our results also hold significant implications for the safe production of sericulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Su
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Wanwan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Yixin Dai
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Ruinan Qi
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Haoyi Gu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Xiqian Guo
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Yuying Ren
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
| | - Haina Sun
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
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3
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Sarkar S, Kalia VK. Silencing of juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase gene in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by oral delivery of double-stranded RNA. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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Borovsky D, Breyssens H, Buytaert E, Peeters T, Laroye C, Stoffels K, Rougé P. Cloning and Characterization of Drosophila melanogaster Juvenile Hormone Epoxide Hydrolases (JHEH) and Their Promoters. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070991. [PMID: 35883546 PMCID: PMC9313241 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) plays an important role in the metabolism of JH III in insects. To study the control of JHEH in female Drosophila melanogaster, JHEH 1, 2 and 3 cDNAs were cloned and sequenced. Northern blot analyses showed that the three transcripts are expressed in the head thorax, the gut, the ovaries and the fat body of females. Molecular modeling shows that the enzyme is a homodimer that binds juvenile hormone III acid (JH IIIA) at the catalytic groove better than JH III. Analyses of the three JHEH promoters and expressing short promoter sequences behind a reporter gene (lacZ) in D. melanogaster cell culture identified a JHEH 3 promoter sequence (626 bp) that is 10- and 25-fold more active than the most active promoter sequences of JHEH 2 and JHEH 1, respectively. A transcription factor (TF) Sp1 that is involved in the activation of JHEH 3 promoter sequence was identified. Knocking down Sp1 using dsRNA inhibited the transcriptional activity of this promoter in transfected D. melanogaster cells and JH III and 20HE downregulated the JHEH 3 promoter. On the other hand, JH IIIA and farnesoic acid did not affect the promoter, indicating that JH IIIA is JHEH's preferred substrate. A transgenic D. melanogaster expressing a highly activated JHEH 3 promoter behind a lacZ reporter gene showed promoter transcriptional activity in many D. melanogaster tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dov Borovsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Hilde Breyssens
- Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.B.); (E.B.); (T.P.); (C.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Esther Buytaert
- Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.B.); (E.B.); (T.P.); (C.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Tom Peeters
- Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.B.); (E.B.); (T.P.); (C.L.); (K.S.)
- Open BioLab Brussels, Erasmushogeschool Brussels, 1210 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carole Laroye
- Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.B.); (E.B.); (T.P.); (C.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Karolien Stoffels
- Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.B.); (E.B.); (T.P.); (C.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Pierre Rougé
- Faculte des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 31400 Tolouse, France;
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Liu Z, Huang Z, Zheng X, Zheng Z, Yao D, Zhang Y, Aweya JJ. The juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase homolog in Penaeus vannamei plays immune-related functions. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 132:104410. [PMID: 35398160 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) participates in the degradation of juvenile hormone and also involved in the development and molting process in insects. Here, the JHEH homolog in Pennaus vannamei was cloned and found to consist of a full-length cDNA of 2543 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 1386 bp. Transcripts of PvJHEH1 were expressed in most tissues of healthy shrimp with the highest found in the hepatopancreas and lowest in hemocytes. Both Gram-negative (Vibrio parahaemolyticus) and Gram-positive (Streptococcus iniae) bacteria induced PvJHEH1 expression in shrimp hemocytes and hepatopancreas, suggesting the involvement of PvJHEH1 in P. vannamei immune responses. Moreover, the mRNA levels of ecdysone inducible nuclear transcription factor PvE75 and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (PvCHH), two endocrine-related genes with roles in shrimp innate immune response, decreased significantly in shrimp hemocytes after PvJHEH1 knockdown. Shrimp survival was also affected after PvJHEH1 knockdown followed by V. parahaemolyticus challenge, indicating that JHEH1 plays an essential role in shrimp survival during bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyan Liu
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zishu Huang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zheng
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China.
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Tian S, Monteiro A. A transcriptomic atlas underlying developmental plasticity of seasonal forms of Bicyclus anynana butterflies. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:msac126. [PMID: 35679434 PMCID: PMC9218548 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms residing in regions with alternating seasons often develop different phenotypes, or forms, in each season. These forms are often adaptations to each season and result from an altered developmental response to specific environmental cues such as temperature. While multiple studies have examined form-specific gene expression profiles in a diversity of species, little is known about how environments and developmental transitions, cued by hormone pulses, alter post-transcriptional patterns. In this study, we examine how gene expression, alternative splicing, and miRNA-mediated gene silencing in Bicyclus anynana butterfly hindwing tissue, varies across two rearing temperatures at four developmental timepoints. These timepoints flank two temperature-sensitive periods that coincide with two pulses of the insect hormone 20E. Our results suggest that developmental transitions, coincident with 20E pulses, elicit a greater impact on all these transcriptomic patterns than rearing temperatures per se. More similar transcriptomic patterns are observed pre-20E pulses than those observed post-20E pulses. We also found functionally distinct sets of differentially expressed and differentially spliced genes in the seasonal forms. Furthermore, around 10% of differentially expressed genes are predicted to be direct targets of, and regulated by, differentially expressed miRNAs between the seasonal forms. Many differentially expressed genes, miRNAs, or differentially spliced genes potentially regulate eyespot size plasticity, and we validated the differential splicing pattern of one such gene, daughterless. We present a comprehensive and interactive transcriptomic atlas of the hindwing tissue of both seasonal forms of B. anynana throughout development, a model organism of seasonal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Tian
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antónia Monteiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Zhou WZ, Wu YF, Yin ZY, Guo JJ, Li HY. Juvenile Hormone Is an Important Factor in Regulating Aspongopus chinensis Dallas Diapause. Front Physiol 2022; 13:873580. [PMID: 35615668 PMCID: PMC9124767 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.873580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspongopuschinensis is a Chinese traditional edible and medicinal insect, which is in great demand in the society. This insect reproduces once a year which is caused by reproductive diapause resulting in insufficient production in wild resources. However, the mechanism of diapause in A. chinensis is still unclear. In this study, we focus on the relationship between juvenile hormones (JHs) and A. chinensis diapause. The results showed that JHIII concentration in diapause adult individuals was significantly lower than that in diapause termination adult individuals. When exogenous JHⅢ was injected into diapause adults, the rate of mating was increased significantly, development of the reproductive systems was accelerated, consumption of fat intensified, the expression of juvenile hormone acid o-methyl-transferase (JHAMT) was upregulated, and juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene expressions were downregulated. In addition, RNAi of JHAMT decreased JH concentration, delayed the development of reproductive systems, slowed down fat consumption, and delayed the mean mating occurrence time significantly. Conversely, RNAi of JHEH resulted in an increased concentration of JH, development of reproductive systems was accelerated, consumption of fat was intensified, and mean mating occurrence time advanced significantly. Taken together, these findings uncovered that JH plays an important role in regulating reproductive diapause in A. chinensis and, thus, could provide a theoretical basis for further research on the diapause of A. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hai-Yin Li
- *Correspondence: Jian-Jun Guo, ; Hai-Yin Li,
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Xu L, Meng XL, Bangash SH, Zhang F, Zeng DQ, Tang WW. Effects of itol A on the larval growth and development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:134-142. [PMID: 34453868 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Itol A, extracted from Itoa orientalis Hemsl. (Flacourtiaceae), possesses bioactivity on Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Our previous study showed that the effects on Spodoptera frugiperda, a destructive pest found worldwide, were similar to those of fenoxycarb (FC), a juvenile hormone analog. Thus, we speculate that itol A could have growth-regulating effects. The current work explored juvenile hormone (JH) levels and mRNA levels of crucial JH signaling pathway enzyme genes in S. frugiperda larvae treated with itol A and FC. RESULTS Itol A caused severe growth obstacles in S. frugiperda, extended the larval duration and reduced the mean worm weight and body length rates. Three and 7 days after exposure to a sublethal concentration of itol A (500 mg L-1 ), the JH level of the larvae significantly decreased by 36.59% and 22.70%, respectively. qPCR inferred that the mRNA expression levels of crucial JH metabolism enzymes (SfJHE and SfJHEH) significantly increased by 6.58-fold and 2.12-fold, respectively, relative to the control group 3 days after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Itol A adversely affects the development of S. frugiperda. We propose that this effect was caused by decreasing JH levels and disrupting the JH signaling pathway via mediating its synthetic and metabolic crucial enzymes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Long Meng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Saqib Hussain Bangash
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Qiang Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wei Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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Gao Q, Li B, Tian Z, De Loof A, Wang JL, Wang XP, Liu W. Key role of juvenile hormone in controlling reproductive diapause in females of the Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:193-204. [PMID: 34469049 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis is an important predator of several agricultural pests, including aphids and whiteflies, and thus can contribute to pest management. Commercial viability as a pest control method requires that the beetle can be mass-reared, and that workable conditions for extended shelf-life can be guaranteed. One of the features of Harmonia's life cycle is that it enters diapause in the adult stage when the length of the photophase starts shortening in late summer. Reduction of juvenile hormone (JH) titer has been demonstrated to be the common endocrine mechanism inducing reproductive diapause in insects. However, whether H. axyridis enters diapause dependent on JH shutdown and how the JH level is regulated before diapause remains unknown. RESULTS Like in other insects, the absence of JH triggers the induction and maintenance of reproductive diapause in H. axyridis, indicated by JH measurements and the knockdown of an intracellular JH receptor methoprene-tolerant (Met). Methoprene, a JH analog, significantly reversed diapause into reproduction via Met. Combined with RNA-sequencing and RNA interference, we also demonstrated that JH biosynthesis rather than the JH degradation pathway determines the reduction of JH titer in diapausing females. CONCLUSION Our results reveal the vital role of JH in regulating reproductive diapause in female H. axyridis. Harmonia axyridis diapause could thus be manipulated by targeting JH production and JH signaling. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bei Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Arnold De Loof
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jia-Lu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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10
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Xu H, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Wang Z, Guo P, Zhao P. Structural characterization and functional analysis of juvenile hormone diol kinase from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:570-577. [PMID: 33249150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone diol kinase (JHDK) is an important enzyme involved in the juvenile hormone metabolism pathway, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of juvenile hormone diol to form the polar metabolite JH diol phosphate. Here, we reported the first crystal structure of insect JHDK from Bombyx mori, BmJHDK-L2, determined at a resolution of 1.22 Å. The structure of BmJHDK-L2 mainly comprises of eight α-helical segments linked with loops, forming four helix-loop-helix motifs. In these four helix-loop-helix motifs with only one calcium ion bound in the first motif. Circular dichroism spectra indicated that BmJHDK-L2 has strong thermal stability, which is independent of the divalent cation. The structure of BmJHDK-L2 further allowed us to define an ATP-binding site using computational simulation and binding assays, providing a structural basis for development of inhibitor of JHDK. Moreover, the expression profile of BmJHDK-L2 indicated a predominant role in juvenile hormone metabolism in the Malpighian tubules of silkworm. Collectively, these findings expand our knowledge regarding the structural and biochemical features of insect JHDK proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yunshi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Pengchao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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11
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Hu XL, Tang YY, Kwok ML, Chan KM, Chu KH. Impact of juvenile hormone analogue insecticides on the water flea Moina macrocopa: Growth, reproduction and transgenerational effect. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 220:105402. [PMID: 31927065 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing quantities of insecticides that leach into water bodies severely affect the health of the aquatic environment. Juvenile hormone analogue (JHA) insecticides are endocrine disrupters that interfere with hormonal activity in insects by mimicking juvenile hormones (JHs). Because the structure and functions of methyl farnesoate in crustaceans are similar to the insect JHs, exogenous JHA insecticides may cause adverse effects on the growth and reproduction in crustaceans similar to those observed in insects. This study examined the toxic effects of two JHA insecticides, methoprene and fenoxycarb, on the water flea Moina macrocopa. The 24-h and 48-h LC50 values for fenoxycarb and methoprene were 0.53 and 0.32 mg/L and 0.70 and 0.54 mg/L, respectively. Chronic exposure to the two JHAs caused a series of toxic effects in M. macrocopa, including shortening of life expectancy, repression of body growth, reduction in fecundity, and disturbed the expression of genes involved in the JH signaling pathway, in cuticle development, and in the carbohydrate, amino acid, and ATP metabolic processes. Moreover, JHA exposure impaired the growth and reproduction of the offspring of M. macrocopa exposed to JHAs, even when the neonates were not exposed to the chemicals. In addition, changes in the expression of genes related to histone methylation indicate that epigenetic changes may promote transgenerational impairment in M. macrocopa. These results demonstrate the toxic effects of fenoxycarb and methoprene on non-target aquatic organisms. The damages done by these JHA insecticides to the aquatic environment is worthy of our attention and further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lei Hu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuan Yuan Tang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man Long Kwok
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - King Ming Chan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka Hou Chu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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12
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Guo S, Sun D, Tian Z, Liu W, Zhu F, Wang XP. The limited regulatory roles of juvenile hormone degradation pathways in reproductive diapause preparation of the cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 119:103967. [PMID: 31634472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The absence of juvenile hormone (JH) induces reproductive diapause in many insects. Downregulated JH biosynthesis is considered the critical factor that decreases the JH level. However, whether upregulated JH degradation could also contribute to JH deficiency and then induce reproductive diapause remains poorly known. In this work, we used the cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi, as the model and investigated the function of JH degradation genes in reproductive diapause preparation via RNAi-mediated loss-of-function. Three JH degradation genes, including JH epoxide hydrolase 1 (JHEH1), JHEH2, and JH diol kinase (JHDK), were cloned, and the deduced proteins contained the conserved domains and motifs well-identified in the same proteins of other insects. JHEH1, JHEH2, and JHDK were all highly expressed in the diapause-destined (DD) females compared to the non-diapause-destined (NDD) females. Knocking down these JH degradation genes in DD females elevated JH signaling, indicated by increased expressions of JH-inducible genes and vitellogenin genes, but did not induce ovary development. Meanwhile, the knockdown of JH degradation genes significantly suppressed diapause-associated phenotypic traits, including fat storage, and the expression of genes related to fat storage and stress tolerance. A photoperiodic transfer experiment suggested that high expression of JHEH2 in DD female was preprogrammed by long day during the larval stage. Knockdown of JH signaling through Methoprene-tolerant and Krüppel homolog 1 induced high expression of JHEH2 in DD females. Considering that RNAi of JH degradation genes affected some diapause-related traits in DD females but failed to induce the non-diapause phenotype in full, we conclude that JH degradation pathways play limited regulatory roles in the reproductive diapause preparation of C. bowringi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Dan Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zhong Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Wen Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Fen Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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13
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Hu XL, Niu JJ, Meng Q, Chai YH, Chu KH, Chan KM. Effects of two juvenile hormone analogue insecticides, fenoxycarb and methoprene, on Neocaridina davidi. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:89-99. [PMID: 31302406 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone analogue (JHA) insecticides are endocrine disrupters that interfere with hormonal action in insects by mimicking their juvenile hormones (JH). As the structure and functions of methyl farnesoate in crustaceans are similar to those of JH in insects, exogenous JHA insecticides could have adverse effects on the development and reproduction of crustaceans. This study examined the toxic effects of two JHA insecticides, fenoxycarb and methoprene, on a freshwater shrimp model of cherry shrimp, Neocaridina davidi. Both insecticides had detrimental effects on cherry shrimp, but fenoxycarb was more toxic than methoprene. Chronic exposure to these insecticides reduced the shrimp's body length and molting frequency. Based on transcriptome annotations for N. davidi, we identified important gene homologues that were active in both insect JH biosynthetic and degradative pathways as well as JH and ecdysteroid signaling pathways. Chronic treatments with JHAs had significant effects on these genes in N. davidi. Our transcriptomic analysis showed that genes involved in the pathways related to cuticle development, serine protease activity, and carbohydrate, peptide and lipid metabolic processes were differentially expressed in shrimp exposed to JHAs. These results demonstrate the toxicity of fenoxycarb and methoprene to freshwater crustaceans and indicate the need to monitor the use of JHA insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lei Hu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiao Jiao Niu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qi Meng
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuet Hung Chai
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka Hou Chu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - King Ming Chan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Lyu Z, Li Z, Cheng J, Wang C, Chen J, Lin T. Suppression of Gene Juvenile Hormone Diol Kinase Delays Pupation in Heortia vitessoides Moore. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10090278. [PMID: 31480643 PMCID: PMC6780227 DOI: 10.3390/insects10090278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone diol kinase (JHDK) is a critical enzyme involved in juvenile hormone degradation in insects. In this study, HvJHDK in the Heortia vitessoides Moore (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) transcriptional library was cloned. Stage-specific expression patterns of HvJHDK, HvJHEH, and HvJHE as well as juvenile hormone titers were determined. The three tested enzymes participated in juvenile hormone degradation. Moreover, juvenile hormone titers peaked after larval–larval molts, consistent with a role for juvenile hormone in inhibition of metamorphosis. HvJHDK was subsequently suppressed using RNA interference (RNAi) to reveal its functions. Different concentrations of dsJHDK elicited the optimal interference efficiency at different life stages of H. vitessoides. Suppression of HvJHDK decreased HvJHDK content and increased the juvenile hormone titer, thereby resulting in reduced triglyceride content, sharply declined survival rate, clearly lethal phenotypes, and extended larval growth. Moreover, suppression of HvJHDK upregulated HvJHEH and HvJHE expression levels, suggesting that there is feedback regulation in the juvenile hormone metabolic pathway. Taken together, our findings provide molecular references for the selection of novel insecticidal targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Lyu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhixing Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jingxiang Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tong Lin
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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15
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Pengfei L, Weiwei W, Xiaofei L, Qin L, Jinwen Z, Rui H, Hang C. Regulation of Hormone-Related Genes in Ericerus pela (Hemiptera: Coccidae) for Dimorphic Metamorphosis. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:5587053. [PMID: 31612946 PMCID: PMC6792091 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Insect hormones regulate metamorphosis including that leading to sexual dimorphism. Using RNA-Seq, we discovered that the second-instar male larva (SM) of the white wax insect, Ericerus pela, have 5,968 and 8,620 differentially expressed transcripts compared with the second-instar female larva (SF) and the first-instar male larva (FM), respectively. The expression levels of genes involved in the apoptosis of old tissues and the reconstruction of new ones in the SM significantly enhanced, while the SF mainly has enhanced expression levels of anabolic genes such as chitin. We predicted that the second-instar larvae are the developmental origin of sexual dimorphic metamorphosis. Meanwhile, in the juvenile hormone (JH) metabolic pathway, CYP15A1 and JH esterase (JHE) are differentially expressed; and in the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) metabolic pathway, CYP307A1, CYP314A1, and CYP18A1 are differentially expressed. In the SM, the expression levels of CYP307A1 and CYP314A1 are significantly increased, whereas the expression level of CYP18A1 is significantly decreased; in the SF, the expression levels of the above genes are opposite to that of the SM. Expression trends of RNA-seq is consistent with the expression level of qRT-PCR, and seven of them are highly correlated (R ≥ 0.610) and four are moderately correlated (0.588 ≥ R ≥ 0.542).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Pengfei
- Research Institute of Resources Insect, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
- NanJing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wang Weiwei
- Research Institute of Resources Insect, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Xiaofei
- Research Institute of Resources Insect, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
| | - Lu Qin
- Research Institute of Resources Insect, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
| | - Zhang Jinwen
- Research Institute of Resources Insect, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
| | - He Rui
- Research Institute of Resources Insect, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resources Insects, State Forestry Administration, Kunming, China
| | - Chen Hang
- Research Institute of Resources Insect, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resources Insects, State Forestry Administration, Kunming, China
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
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16
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Jiang M, Lü SM, Qi ZY, Zhang YL. Characterized cantharidin distribution and related gene expression patterns in tissues of blister beetles, Epicauta chinensis. INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 26:240-250. [PMID: 28745022 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD), a terpenoid defensive toxin mainly produced by blister beetles, is widely known by its toxicity to both cancer cells and pests. However, little information is known about its biosynthesis in blister beetles. In this study, first we determined the CTD content in various tissues of adult blister beetles on different days after mating, and then detected the temporal and spatial expression patterns of genes related to CTD biosynthesis in Epicauta chinensis. Results revealed that the accessory gland is the source of the highest CTD production. The second highest level was in the fat body in male blister beetles after mating. In females, the highest CTD content was in the reproductive system except the ovary after mating. As revealed by messenger RNA expression level analysis, the highest levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary-CoA reductase (HMGR) and juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) transcripts of E. chinensis were observed in the fat body in males after mating. However, the highest transcript level of EcHMGR was in the ovary and EcJHEH was maintained at a nearly similar level in females. The transcript level of methyl-farnesoate epoxide was significantly higher in the head and that of CYP4BM1 in the midgut in both male and female E. chinensis. We speculate that the fat body may play a more important role than other tissues on the CTD biosynthesis in male E. chinensis after mating. There may be multiple tissues involved in the process of CTD biosynthesis. These four genes probably play regulatory roles in different tissues in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, National Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shu-Min Lü
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, National Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zi-Yi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, National Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ya-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, National Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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17
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Wen R, Wang B, Wang B, Ma L. Characterization and Expression Profiles of Juvenile Hormone Epoxide Hydrolase From Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantridae) and RNA Interference by Ingestion. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 18:13. [PMCID: PMC5806408 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) is an important enzyme in the degradation pathways of juvenile hormone (JH) in insects. It converts JH to JH diol and hydrolyses JH acid to JH acid diol. JHEH titers regulate the entire process of insect development. In this study, full length ldjheh cDNA (2101 bp) was cloned from the Asian gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (L.; Lepidoptera: Lymantridae), and provisionally designated ldjheh1. LdJHEH1 was characterized by predicted molecular weight of 52.64 kDa, theoretical isoelectric points of 6.87 and contains a transmembrane domain at the N-terminus. The transcriptional profiles of ldjheh1 were detected by qRT-PCR. The ldjheh1 was found to be expressed throughout all developmental stages with maximum expression levels occurring in fourth instar larvae. The ldjheh1 mRNA was detected in the heads, thoraces, and abdomens of gypsy moth larvae on day 2 of the third instar. The ldjheh1 was also detected in bodies of third instar larvae stage, with the highest peaks occurring at 24 h after ecdysis. The ldjheh1 gene was successfully knocked down by oral delivery dsRNA in the third instar larvae of L. dispar. The dsRNA targeting ldjheh1 was produced in vitro. Ingesting dsRNA for ldjheh1 only slightly delayed larval development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wen
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
- College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Heze University, Heze, PR China
| | - Buyong Wang
- College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Heze University, Heze, PR China
| | - Bowen Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Ling Ma
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
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18
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Sun QK, Meng QW, Xu QY, Deng P, Guo WC, Li GQ. Leptinotarsa cap 'n' collar isoform C/Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 signaling is critical for the regulation of ecdysteroidogenesis in the larvae. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 85:1-10. [PMID: 28408149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila cap 'n' collar isoform C (CncC) and Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1) regulate metamorphosis by transcriptional control of a subset of genes involved in ecdysteroidogenesis, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) signaling, and juvenile hormone (JH) degradation. In the present paper, we found that prothoracicotropic hormone signal was required for the activation of LdCncC and LdKeap1 in Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Moreover, RNA interference of LdCncC or LdKeap1 in the fourth-instar larvae delayed development. As a result, the treated larvae obtained heavier larval and pupal fresh weights and had larger body sizes than the controls. Furthermore, knockdown of LdCncC or LdKeap1 significantly reduced the mRNA levels of four ecdysone biosynthetic genes (Ldspo, Ldphm, Lddib and Ldsad), lowered 20E titer and decreased the transcript levels of five 20E response genes (LdEcR, LdUSP, LdE75, LdHR3 and LdFTZ-F1). However, the expression of two JH epoxide hydrolase genes and JH contents were not affected in the LdCncC and LdKeap1 RNAi larvae. Dietary supplementation with 20E shortened the developmental period to normal length, rescued the larval and pupal body mass rises, and recovered or even overcompensated the expression levels of the five 20E response genes in either LdCncC or LdKeap1 RNAi hypomorphs. Therefore, LdCncC/LdKeap1 signaling regulates several ecdysteroidogenesis genes, and consequently 20E pulse, to modulate the onset of metamorphosis in L. decemlineata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Kun Sun
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Qing-Wei Meng
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Qing-Yu Xu
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Pan Deng
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wen-Chao Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China.
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Characterization of Juvenile Hormone Related Genes Regulating Cantharidin Biosynthesis in Epicauta chinensis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2308. [PMID: 28536442 PMCID: PMC5442126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02393-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin is a defensive toxin biosynthesized by blister beetles. It is well known for medical applications and toxicity. However, the biosynthesis process of cantharidin is still not well understood. In the present study, three genes (methyl farnesoate epoxidase (EcMFE), juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase (EcJHAMT) and juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (EcJHEH)) were identified from Epicauta chinensis. The temporal and spatial expression patterns of these three genes revealed that the expression levels of EcMFE and EcJHEH were high in the first instar larval stage of E. chinensis with EcJHEH transcripts highest in the fifth larval instar. The expression level of EcJHAMT was significantly higher in the 2nd and 3rd larval instars. The transcripts of EcMFE, EcJHEH and EcJHAMT showed a similar tendency with the cantharidin production in male blister beetles after mating. We verified the functions of these three genes in cantharidin biosynthesis using the RNA interference method. Interference of EcMFE and EcJHEH significantly inhibited the biosynthesis of cantharidin in male E. chinensis after mating, but interference of EcJHAMT has no apparent influence on cantharidin biosynthesis. We propose that EcMFE and EcJHEH may be involved in the biosynthesis of cantharidin, but JH III might not be the direct precursor of cantharidin.
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20
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Tusun A, Li M, Liang X, Yang T, Yang B, Wang G. Juvenile Hormone Epoxide Hydrolase: a Promising Target for Hemipteran Pest Management. Sci Rep 2017; 7:789. [PMID: 28400585 PMCID: PMC5429749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) has attracted great interest because of its critical role in the regulation of juvenile hormone (JH) in insects. In this study, one JHEH gene from Apolygus lucorum (AlucJHEH) was characterized in terms of deduced amino acid sequence, phylogeny, homology modeling and docking simulation. The results reveals a conserved catalytic mechanism of AlucJHEH toward JH. Our study also demonstrates that the mRNA of AlucJHEH gene was detectable in head, thorax and abdomen from all life stages. To functionally characterize the AlucJHEH gene, three fragments of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) were designed to target different regions of the sequence. Injection of 3rd nymphs with dsRNA fragments successfully knocked down the target gene expression, and a significantly decreased survival rate was observed, together with a molting block, These findings confirm the important regulatory roles of AlucJHEH in A. lucorum and indicate this gene as a promising target for future hemipterans pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abudourusuli Tusun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Xiangzhi Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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21
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Zeng BJ, Lv Y, Zhang LL, Huang LH, Feng QL. Cloning and structural characterization of juvenile hormone diol kinase in Spodoptera litura. INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 23:819-828. [PMID: 25959665 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) is one of the key insect hormones that regulate metamorphosis. Juvenile hormone diol kinase (JHDK) is an enzyme involved in JH metabolism and catalyzes JH diol to form a polar end product, JH diol phosphate that has no JH activity. In this study, a JHDK complementary DNA (cDNA) was cloned from Spodoptera litura and the structure and expression of the gene was characterized. The cDNA was 714 base pairs in length and encoded a protein of 183 amino acids with a molecular mass of 21 kDa and an isoelectric point of 4.55. Based on the structure, three putative calcium binding motifs and guanosine triphosphate-binding motifs were predicted in the protein. Modeling of the 3-D structure showed that the protein consisted of eight α-helixes linked with loops, with no β-sheets. The gene was expressed in the epidermis, fat body and midgut of fifth and sixth instar larvae. The expression level in the epidermis was lower than in the fat body and midgut. The gene was expressed at higher levels at the early stages than in the later stages of fifth and sixth instar midgut and fat body. The results suggest that this gene may be involved in the regulation of the JH titer in larvae of S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Juan Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yuan Lv
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Li-Hua Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qi-Li Feng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
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22
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Manfredini F, Shoemaker D, Grozinger CM. Dynamic changes in host-virus interactions associated with colony founding and social environment in fire ant queens (Solenopsis invicta). Ecol Evol 2016; 6:233-44. [PMID: 26811788 PMCID: PMC4716520 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of host-parasite interactions can change dramatically over the course of a chronic infection as the internal (physiological) and external (environmental) conditions of the host change. When queens of social insects found a colony, they experience changes in both their physiological state (they develop their ovaries and begin laying eggs) and the social environment (they suddenly stop interacting with the other members of the mother colony), making this an excellent model system for examining how these factors interact with chronic infections. We investigated the dynamics of host-viral interactions in queens of Solenopsis invicta (fire ant) as they transition from mating to colony founding/brood rearing to the emergence of the first workers. We examined these dynamics in naturally infected queens in two different social environments, where queens either founded colonies as individuals or as pairs. We hypothesized that stress associated with colony founding plays an important role in the dynamics of host-parasite interactions. We also hypothesized that different viruses have different modalities of interaction with the host that can be quantified by physiological measures and genomic analysis of gene expression in the host. We found that the two most prevalent viruses, SINV-1 and SINV-2, are associated with different fitness costs that are mirrored by different patterns of gene expression in the host. In fact SINV-2, the virus that imposes the significant reduction of a queen's reproductive output is also associated with larger changes of global gene expression in the host. These results show the complexity of interactions between S. invicta and two viral parasites. Our findings also show that chronic infections by viral parasites in insects are dynamic processes that may pose different challenges in the host, laying the groundwork for interesting ecological and evolutionary considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Manfredini
- School of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
- Department of Entomology and Center for Pollinator ResearchThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvania
| | | | - Christina M. Grozinger
- Department of Entomology and Center for Pollinator ResearchThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvania
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Fu KY, Lü FG, Guo WC, Li GQ. CHARACTERIZATION AND FUNCTIONAL STUDY OF A PUTATIVE JUVENILE HORMONE DIOL KINASE IN THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 90:154-167. [PMID: 26280246 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone diol kinase (JHDK) is an enzyme involved in JH degradation. In the present article, a putative JHDK cDNA (LdJHDK) was cloned from the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata. The cDNA consists of 814 bp, containing a 555 bp open reading frame encoding a 184 amino acid protein. LdJHDK reveals a high degree of identity to the previously reported insect JHDKs. It possesses three conserved purine nucleotide-binding elements, and contains three EF-hand motifs (helix-loop-helix structural domains). LdJHDK mRNA was mainly detected in hindgut and Malpighian tubules. Besides, a trace amount of LdJHDK mRNA was also found in thoracic muscles, brain-corpora cardiaca-corpora allata complex, foregut, midgut, ventral ganglia, fat body, epidermis, and hemocytes. Moreover, LdJHDK was expressed throughout all developmental stages. Within the first, second, and third larval instar, the expression levels of LdJHDK were higher just before and right after the molt, and were lower in the intermediate instar. In the fourth larval instar, the highest peak of LdJHDK occurred 56 h after ecdysis. Ingestion of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) against LdJHDK successfully knocked down the target gene, increased JH titer, and significantly upregulated LdKr-h1 mRNA level. Knockdown of LdJHDK significantly impaired adult emergence. Thus, we provide a line of experimental evidence in L. decemlineata to support that LdJHDK encodes function protein involved in JH degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yun Fu
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Gong Lü
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Chao Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Lü FG, Fu KY, Guo WC, Li GQ. Characterization of two juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolases by RNA interference in the Colorado potato beetle. Gene 2015; 570:264-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Qu Z, Kenny NJ, Lam HM, Chan TF, Chu KH, Bendena WG, Tobe SS, Hui JHL. How Did Arthropod Sesquiterpenoids and Ecdysteroids Arise? Comparison of Hormonal Pathway Genes in Noninsect Arthropod Genomes. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 7:1951-9. [PMID: 26112967 PMCID: PMC4524487 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The phylum Arthropoda contains the largest number of described living animal species, with insects and crustaceans dominating the terrestrial and aquatic environments, respectively. Their successful radiations have long been linked to their rigid exoskeleton in conjunction with their specialized endocrine systems. In order to understand how hormones can contribute to the evolution of these animals, here, we have categorized the sesquiterpenoid and ecdysteroid pathway genes in the noninsect arthropod genomes, which are known to play important roles in the regulation of molting and metamorphosis in insects. In our analyses, the majority of gene homologs involved in the biosynthetic, degradative, and signaling pathways of sesquiterpenoids and ecdysteroids can be identified, implying these two hormonal systems were present in the last common ancestor of arthropods. Moreover, we found that the “Broad-Complex” was specifically gained in the Pancrustacea, and the innovation of juvenile hormone (JH) in the insect linage correlates with the gain of the JH epoxidase (CYP15A1/C1) and the key residue changes in the binding domain of JH receptor (“Methoprene-tolerant”). Furthermore, the gain of “Phantom” differentiates chelicerates from the other arthropods in using ponasterone A rather than 20-hydroxyecdysone as molting hormone. This study establishes a comprehensive framework for interpreting the evolution of these vital hormonal pathways in these most successful animals, the arthropods, for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Qu
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory of School of Life Sciences and Center for Soybean Research of Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Nathan James Kenny
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory of School of Life Sciences and Center for Soybean Research of Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hon Ming Lam
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory of School of Life Sciences and Center for Soybean Research of Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ting Fung Chan
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory of School of Life Sciences and Center for Soybean Research of Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Hou Chu
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory of School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | | | - Stephen S Tobe
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jerome Ho Lam Hui
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory of School of Life Sciences and Center for Soybean Research of Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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26
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Sin YW, Kenny NJ, Qu Z, Chan KW, Chan KWS, Cheong SPS, Leung RWT, Chan TF, Bendena WG, Chu KH, Tobe SS, Hui JHL. Identification of putative ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone pathway genes in the shrimp Neocaridina denticulata. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 214:167-76. [PMID: 25101838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the sesquiterpenoid juvenile hormone (JH) and the steroidal ecdysteroids are of vital importance to the development and reproduction of insects, our understanding of the evolution of these crucial hormonal regulators in other arthropods is limited. To better understand arthropod hormone evolution and regulation, here we describe the hormonal pathway genes (e.g. those involved in hormone biosynthesis, degradation, regulation and signal transduction) of a new decapod model, the shrimp Neocaridina denticulata. The majority of known insect sesquiterpenoid and ecdysteroid pathway genes and their regulators are contained in the N. denticulata genome. In the sesquiterpenoid pathway, these include biosynthetic pathway components: juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase (JHAMT); hormone binding protein: juvenile hormone binding protein (JHBP); and degradation pathway components: juvenile hormone esterase (JHE), juvenile hormone esterase binding protein (JHEBP) and juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH), with the JHBP, JHEBP and JHEH genes being discovered in a crustacean for the first time here. Ecdysteroid biosynthetic pathway genes identified include spook, phantom, disembodied, shadow and CYP18. Potential hormonal regulators and signal transducers such as allatostatins (ASTs), Methoprene-tolerant (Met), Retinoid X receptor (RXR), Ecdysone receptor (EcR), calponin-like protein Chd64, FK509-binding protein (FKBP39), Broad-complex (Br-c), and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone/molt-inhibiting hormone/gonad-inhibiting hormone (CHH/MIH/GIH) genes are all present in the shrimp N. denticulata. To our knowledge, this is the first report of these hormonal pathways and their regulatory genes together in a single decapod, providing a vital resource for further research into development, reproduction, endocrinology and evolution of crustaceans, and arthropods in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Wa Sin
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Centre for Soybean Research, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Nathan J Kenny
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Centre for Soybean Research, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Zhe Qu
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Centre for Soybean Research, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Wo Chan
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Centre for Soybean Research, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Katie W S Chan
- The Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education, Chaiwan, Hong Kong
| | - Sam P S Cheong
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Centre for Soybean Research, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ricky W T Leung
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Centre for Soybean Research, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ting Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Centre for Soybean Research, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | | | - Ka Hou Chu
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Centre for Soybean Research, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Stephen S Tobe
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Jerome H L Hui
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Centre for Soybean Research, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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27
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Zhou K, Jia N, Hu C, Jiang YL, Yang JP, Chen Y, Li S, Li WF, Zhou CZ. Crystal structure of juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase from the silkwormBombyx mori. Proteins 2014; 82:3224-9. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.24676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230027 People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Jia
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230027 People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230027 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Liang Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230027 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Pin Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230027 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230027 People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology; Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Fang Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230027 People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Zhao Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230027 People's Republic of China
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28
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Bomtorin AD, Mackert A, Rosa GCC, Moda LM, Martins JR, Bitondi MMG, Hartfelder K, Simões ZLP. Juvenile hormone biosynthesis gene expression in the corpora allata of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) female castes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86923. [PMID: 24489805 PMCID: PMC3906101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) controls key events in the honey bee life cycle, viz. caste development and age polyethism. We quantified transcript abundance of 24 genes involved in the JH biosynthetic pathway in the corpora allata-corpora cardiaca (CA-CC) complex. The expression of six of these genes showing relatively high transcript abundance was contrasted with CA size, hemolymph JH titer, as well as JH degradation rates and JH esterase (jhe) transcript levels. Gene expression did not match the contrasting JH titers in queen and worker fourth instar larvae, but jhe transcript abundance and JH degradation rates were significantly lower in queen larvae. Consequently, transcriptional control of JHE is of importance in regulating larval JH titers and caste development. In contrast, the same analyses applied to adult worker bees allowed us inferring that the high JH levels in foragers are due to increased JH synthesis. Upon RNAi-mediated silencing of the methyl farnesoate epoxidase gene (mfe) encoding the enzyme that catalyzes methyl farnesoate-to-JH conversion, the JH titer was decreased, thus corroborating that JH titer regulation in adult honey bees depends on this final JH biosynthesis step. The molecular pathway differences underlying JH titer regulation in larval caste development versus adult age polyethism lead us to propose that mfe and jhe genes be assayed when addressing questions on the role(s) of JH in social evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Durvalina Bomtorin
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Aline Mackert
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências do Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campus do Pantanal, Corumbá, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Conrado Couto Rosa
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Livia Maria Moda
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ramos Martins
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Márcia Maria Gentile Bitondi
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Klaus Hartfelder
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Zilá Luz Paulino Simões
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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29
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Expression pattern of enzymes related to juvenile hormone metabolism in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:4337-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Mackert A, Hartfelder K, Bitondi MMG, Simões ZLP. The juvenile hormone (JH) epoxide hydrolase gene in the honey bee (Apis mellifera) genome encodes a protein which has negligible participation in JH degradation. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 56:1139-1146. [PMID: 20230830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Epoxide hydrolases are multifunctional enzymes that are best known in insects for their role in juvenile hormone (JH) degradation. Enzymes involved in JH catabolism can play major roles during metamorphosis and reproduction, such as the JH epoxide hydrolase (JHEH), which degrades JH through hydration of the epoxide moiety to form JH diol, and JH esterase (JHE), which hydrolyzes the methyl ester to produce JH acid. In the honey bee, JH has been co-opted for additional functions, mainly in caste differentiation and in age-related behavioral development of workers, where the activity of both enzymes could be important for JH titer regulation. Similarity searches for jheh candidate genes in the honey bee genome revealed a single Amjheh gene. Sequence analysis, quantification of Amjheh transcript levels and Western blot assays using an AmJHEH-specific antibody generated during this study revealed that the AmJHEH found in the fat body shares features with the microsomal JHEHs from several insect species. Using a partition assay we demonstrated that AmJHEH has a negligible role in JH degradation, which, in the honey bee, is thus performed primarily by JHE. High AmJHEH levels in larvae and adults were related to the ingestion of high loads of lipids, suggesting that AmJHEH has a role in dietary lipid catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Mackert
- Departamento de Ciências do Ambiente, Campus do Pantanal, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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31
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Anand A, Crone EJ, Zera AJ. Tissue and stage-specific juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) and epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) enzyme activities and Jhe transcript abundance in lines of the cricket Gryllus assimilis artificially selected for plasma JHE activity: implications for JHE microevolution. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 54:1323-1331. [PMID: 18634793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fat body and midgut juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) and juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) specific activities, and plasma JHE activity, were measured throughout the last stadium in two pairs (blocks) of lines of the cricket Gryllus assimilis, each pair of which had been artificially selected for high- or low-plasma JHE activity. Highly significant differences were observed between high- and low-activity lines of each block on most days for fat body JHE, and on one day for midgut JHE activity. In each block, line differences in developmental profiles for fat body JHE activity paralleled line differences in plasma JHE activity during the early-mid stadium, but not during the latter part of the stadium. The developmental profile of midgut JHE activity differed from that of plasma and fat body JHE activity, exhibiting peaks during the early and latter parts of the stadium. Midgut and fat body JHEH activities exhibited a mid-stadium peak in all lines, but activities were very similar in all lines. Fat body JHE appears to be a more significant contributor to plasma JHE than is midgut JHE. During the middle of the last stadium (day 4), Jhe transcript abundance was significantly higher in fat body or midgut of high- vs. low-JHE-activity lines. Jhe transcript abundance was positively correlated with JHE enzyme activity in either fat body or midgut, and with plasma JHE activity. Natural populations of G. assimilis harbor genetic variation for Jhe gene expression which appears to contribute to genetic variation in JHE specific activity in fat body and midgut. These genes appear to have been the targets of artificial selection that resulted in lines that differ dramatically in high- or low-plasma JHE activity. These genes appear to have little, if any, pleiotropic effects on JHEH specific activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Anand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0118, USA
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32
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Production of epoxide hydrolases in batch fermentations of Botryosphaeria rhodina. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 35:485-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Schafellner C, Marktl RC, Schopf A. Inhibition of juvenile hormone esterase activity in Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae) larvae parasitized by Glyptapanteles liparidis (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 53:858-68. [PMID: 17631309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Revised: 05/28/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Glyptapanteles liparidis is a gregarious, polydnavirus (PDV)-carrying braconid wasp that parasitizes larval stages of Lymantria dispar. In previous studies we showed that parasitized hosts dramatically increase juvenile hormone (JH) titers, whereas JH degradation is significantly inhibited in the hemolymph. Here we (i) quantified the effects of parasitism on JH esterase (JHE) activity in hemolymph and fat body of penultimate and final instars of L. dispar hosts and (ii) assessed the relative contribution of individual and combined wasp factors (PDV/venom, teratocytes, and wasp larvae) to the inhibition of host JHE activity. The effects of PDV/venom was investigated through the use of gamma-irradiated wasps, which lay non-viable eggs (leading to pseudoparasitization), while the effects of teratocytes and wasp larvae were examined by injection or insertion of these two components in either control or pseudoparasitized L. dispar larvae. Parasitism strongly suppressed host JHE activity in both hemolymph and fat body irrespective of whether the host was parasitized early (premolt-third instar) or late (mid-fourth instar). Down-regulation of JHE activity is primarily due to the injection of PDV/venom at the time of oviposition, with only very small additive effects of teratocytes and wasp larvae under certain experimental conditions. We compare the results with those reported earlier for L. dispar larvae parasitized by G. liparidis and discuss the possible role of JH alterations in host development disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Schafellner
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Hasenauerstrasse 38, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Bai H, Ramaseshadri P, Palli SR. Identification and characterization of juvenile hormone esterase gene from the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 37:829-37. [PMID: 17628281 PMCID: PMC2020842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2007] [Revised: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) plays an important role in regulating juvenile hormone titers. Recent sequencing and annotation of the Aedes aegypti genome identified ten putative jhe gene sequences. Analysis of these ten putative jhe gene sequences showed that only three of them, EAT43357, EAT43353 and EAT43354 contained GQSAG motif and showed high sequence similarity with the sequences of jhe genes identified from other insect species. To determine which putative jhe gene(s) code for functional JHE, the mRNA profiles of EAT43357, EAT43353 and EAT43354 were measured during the final instar larval and pupal stages by using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mRNA for EAT43357 was detected during the late final instar larval stage. In contrast, EAT43354 mRNA was detected only during the pupal stage and EAT43353 mRNA was detected only during the larval stage. The mRNA of EAT43357 was detected in both fat body and midgut tissues. JHE enzyme levels gradually increased during the final instar larval stage reaching a peak at 42 h after ecdysis into the final instar larval stage. The mRNA expression profiles of EAT43357 correlate with the developmental expression profiles of JHE enzyme activity suggesting that this gene may encode for a functional JHE. The EAT43357 and EAT43354 cDNA were expressed in a baculovirus system. Proteins isolated from Sf9 cells infected with recombinant baculovirus expressing EAT43357 but not EAT43354 gene exhibited JHE activity confirming that EAT43357 gene codes for a functional JHE enzyme.
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35
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Khalil SMS, Anspaugh DD, Michael Roe R. Role of juvenile hormone esterase and epoxide hydrolase in reproduction of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa zea. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 52:669-78. [PMID: 16678198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2006.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Revised: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of juvenile hormone (JH) esterase (JHE) and epoxide hydrolase (EH) in reproduction of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa zea, was investigated. Peak emergence of male and female bollworm adults occurred early in the scotophase. Female adults were added to males in a 1:2 ratio, respectively, at the beginning of the first photophase after emergence (d0). The highest oviposition rates for mated females were noted on d 2-4. The in vitro JH III esterase and JH III EH activity was measured in whole body homogenates of virgin and mated females from d0 to d8 post-emergence. Maximal JHE activity for virgin females occurred on d2 (1.09+/-0.14(+/-1 SEM) nmol of JH III degraded/min/mg protein), which was approximately twice that of mated females on the same day. The same results were observed for EH where the activity peaked on d2 at 0.053+/-0.003 as compared to 0.033+/-0.003 nmol of JH III degraded/min/mg protein, respectively. By d4, both JHE and JH EH activities declined significantly in virgin and mated females and were the same through d7. The developmental changes and effects of mating on JH degradation were similar when measured per insect. The highest levels of JHE and JH EH activity/min/mg protein in d2 virgin and mated females was found in ovaries followed by the carcass and then haemolymph; no EH activity was found in haemolymph as expected. For ovary, the JHE and JH EH activity was highest in virgin compared to mated females. The role of both enzymes in the regulation of reproduction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed M S Khalil
- Department of Entomology, Campus Box 7647, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7647, USA
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36
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Li S, Zhang QR, Xu WH, Schooley DA. Juvenile hormone diol kinase, a calcium-binding protein with kinase activity, from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 35:1235-48. [PMID: 16203205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2005.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2005] [Revised: 06/16/2005] [Accepted: 06/17/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) diol kinase (JHDK) is an important enzyme involved in the JH degradation pathway. Bombyx mori (Bommo)-JHDK cDNA (637bp) contains an open reading frame encoding a 183-amino acid protein, which reveals a high degree of identity to the two previously reported JHDKs. JHDK is similar to GTP-binding proteins with three conserved sequence elements involved in purine nucleotide binding, contains eight alpha-helices and three EF-hand motifs, and resembles the three-dimensional model of 2SCP and some other calcium-binding proteins. The Bommo-JHDK gene has only a single copy in the silkworm haploid genome, contains only one exon, and its 5'-upstream sequence does not have a JH response element. Although Bommo-JHDK is highly expressed in the gut of the silkworm, its mRNA expression remains at a constant level during larval development suggesting this enzyme is constitutive and not regulated by JH, at least at the transcriptional level. Recombinant Bommo-JHDK catalyzed the conversion of 10S-JH diol into JH diol phosphate, confirming its enzymatic function. Recombinant enzyme formed a dimer and had biochemical characteristics similar to other JHDKs. Bommo-JHDK, a calcium-binding protein with kinase activity, provides unique insights on how JH levels are regulated in the silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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37
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Anspaugh DD, Roe RM. Regulation of JH epoxide hydrolase versus JH esterase activity in the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, by juvenile hormone and xenobiotics. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 51:523-35. [PMID: 15893999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2004.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2004] [Revised: 12/20/2004] [Accepted: 12/20/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
JH III esterase and JH III epoxide hydrolase (EH) in vitro activity was compared in whole body Trichoplusia ni homogenates at each stage of development (egg, larva, pupa and adult). While activity of both enzymes was detected at all ages tested, JH esterase was significantly higher than EH activity except for day three of the fifth (last) stadium (L5D3). For both enzymes, activity was highest in eggs. Adult virgin females had 4.6- and 4.0-fold higher JH esterase and EH activities, respectively, than adult virgin males. JH III metabolic activity also was measured in whole body homogenates of fifth stadium T. ni that were fed a nutritive diet (control) or starved on a non-nutritive diet of alphacel, agar and water. With larvae that were starved for 6, 28 and 52 h, EH activity per insect equivalent was 48%, 5% and 1%, respectively, of the control insects. At the same time points, JH esterase activity levels in starved T. ni were 29%, 4% and 3% of that of insects fed the nutritive diet. Selected insect hormones and xenobiotics were administered topically or orally to fifth stadium larvae for up to 52 h, and the effects on whole body EH and JH esterase activity analyzed. JH III increased the JH III esterase activity as high as 2.2-fold, but not the JH III EH activity. The JH analog, methoprene, increased both JH esterase and EH activity as high as 2.5-fold. The JH esterase inhibitor, 3-octylthio-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one (OTFP), had no impact on EH activity. The epoxides trans- and cis-stilbene oxide (TSO and CSO) in separate experiments increased the EH activity approximately 2.0-fold. TSO did not alter JH esterase levels when topically applied, but oral administration reduced activity to 70% of the control at 28 h, and then increased the activity 1.8-fold at 52 h after the beginning of treatment. CSO had no effect on JH esterase activity. Phenobarbital increased EH activity by 1.9-fold, but did not change JH esterase levels. Clofibrate and cholesterol 5alpha,6alpha-epoxide had no effect on EH. JH esterase activity also was not affected by clofibrate, but cholesterol 5alpha,6alpha-epoxide reduced the JH esterase activity to 60-80% of the control. The biological significance of these results is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas D Anspaugh
- Departments of Entomology and Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7647, Raleigh, NC 27695-7647, USA
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Zhang QR, Xu WH, Chen FS, Li S. Molecular and biochemical characterization of juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 35:153-164. [PMID: 15681225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2004.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2004] [Revised: 10/25/2004] [Accepted: 10/26/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
One major route of insect juvenile hormone (JH) degradation is epoxide hydration by JH epoxide hydrolase (JHEH). A full-length cDNA (1536 bp) encoding a microsomal JHEH was isolated from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Bommo-JHEH cDNA contains an open reading frame encoding a 461-amino acid protein (52 kDa), which reveals a high degree of similarity to the previously reported insect JHEHs. The residues Tyr298, Tyr373, and the HGWP motif corresponding to the oxyanion hole of JHEHs and the residues Asp227, His430, and Glu403 in the catalytic triad are well conserved in Bommo-JHEH. Bommo-JHEH was highly expressed in the fat body, where its mRNA expression pattern was in contrast to the pattern of hemolymph levels of JH during the larval development, suggesting that Bommo-JHEH plays an important role in JH degradation. Recombinant Bommo-JHEH (52 kDa) expressed in Sf9 insect cells was membrane-bound and had a high level of enzyme activity (300-fold over the control activity). This Bommo-JHEH study provides a better understanding of how JH levels are regulated in the domesticated silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Rui Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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Keiser KCL, Brandt KS, Silver GM, Wisnewski N. Cloning, partial purification and in vivo developmental profile of expression of the juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase of Ctenocephalides felis. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2002; 50:191-206. [PMID: 12125060 DOI: 10.1002/arch.10044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
cDNAs encoding two different epoxide hydrolases (nCfEH1 and nCfEH2) were cloned from a cDNA library prepared from the wandering larval stage of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis. Predicted translations of the open reading frames indicated the clones encoded proteins of 464 (CfEH1) and 465 (CfEH2) amino acids. These proteins have a predicted molecular weight of 53 kDa and a putative 22 amino acid N-terminal hydrophobic membrane anchor. The amino acid sequences are 77% identical, and both are homologous to previously isolated epoxide hydrolases from Manduca sexta, Trichoplusia ni, and Rattus norvegicus. Purification of native juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) from unfed adult cat fleas generated a partially pure protein that hydrolyzed juvenile hormone III to juvenile hormone III-diol. The amino terminal sequence of this;50-kDa protein is identical to the deduced amino terminus of the protein encoded by the nCfEH1 clone. Affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against Escherichia coli-expressed HisCfEH1 recognized a approximately 50-kDa protein present in the partially purified fraction containing JHEH activity. Immunohistochemistry experiments using the same affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal antibodies localized the epoxide hydrolase in developing oocytes, fat body, and midgut epithelium of the adult flea. The presence of JHEH in various flea life stages and tissues was assessed by Northern blot and enzymatic activity assays. JHEH mRNA expression remained relatively constant throughout the different flea larval stages and was slightly elevated in the unfed adult flea. JHEH enzymatic activity was highest in the late larval, pupal, and adult stages. In all stages and tissues examined, JHEH activity was significantly lower than juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) activity, the other enzyme responsible for JH catalysis.
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40
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Maxwell RA, Welch WH, Schooley DA. Juvenile hormone diol kinase. I. Purification, characterization, and substrate specificity of juvenile hormone-selective diol kinase from Manduca sexta. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:21874-81. [PMID: 11909871 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m201510200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Manduca sexta juvenile hormone diol kinase (JHDK) catalyzes the conversion of juvenile hormone (JH) diol to JH diol phosphate. JHDK may be the first example of a phosphotransferase directly involved in the catabolism and inactivation of a lipid-soluble hormone. JHDK is an enzyme crucial for secondary metabolism of JH and possesses high specificity and catalytic efficiency for JH diol. In this study, the purification and characterization of native JHDK are described; its enzymatic properties are examined; and its role in cellular JH metabolism is explored. Using a variety of potential substrates, we show that JHDK has a preference for ATP, but will catalyze the formation of JH diol phosphate with GTP as the phosphate donor. JHDK has a nanomolar K(m) for JH I diol and a low micromolar value for MgATP. JH II and III diols also serve as phosphate acceptors with low micromolar K(m), whereas other diol derivatives of terpenoid esters structurally similar to JH metabolites are not phosphorylated. The reaction proceeds via a sequential Bi Bi mechanism. JHDK is active as a homodimer with a subunit molecular mass of 20 kDa. JHDK binds 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine and is inhibited by micromolar levels of Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Maxwell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
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41
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Range S, Oeh U, Lorenz MW, Etzel W, Nauen R, Hoffmann KH. Juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2002; 132:191-202. [PMID: 11997221 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(01)00522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro production of juvenile hormones (JH) was investigated by using corpora allata (CA) of larvae and corpora cardiaca-corpora allata (CC-CA) complexes of adult females of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. In female moths, JH release was high compared to that in 5th and 6th instar larvae. Concentrations of 0.11-0.12 mM methionine, 180-200 mM Na(+), 5.8-8.3 mM K(+), 10-50 mM Ca(2+) and a pH range of 5.7-6.3 yielded optimal incorporation of L-[methyl-(3)H] methionine in vitro by CC-CA complexes. The highest hourly incorporation occurred during a 9-h incubation period following a 1.5-h lag-phase. JH release from CC-CA complexes of adult females was shown to be age-dependent with a peak value on day 2 (approx. 4 pmol h(-1) CA(-1)). By a combination of reversed phase (RP)- and normal phase (NP)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), two major labelled products released by the complex were separated. One compound co-migrated with chemically synthesized JH II diol, the second compound with JH III diol. Only traces of JH II and III could be detected in some samples. Gland extracts also contained both the major radiolabelled products. Double labelling experiments using [3H]methionine and [14C]acetate confirmed their de novo synthesis in CC-CA complexes of female moths. The nature of chemically synthesized reference JH III diol was proved by LC-MS (ESI mass spectrometry) and 1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Range
- Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Hsieh YC, Yang EC, Hsu EL, Chow YS, Kou R. Voltage-dependent calcium channels in the corpora allata of the adult male loreyi leafworm, Mythimna loreyi. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2002; 32:547-557. [PMID: 11891131 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(01)00133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In the corpora allata (CA) of the adult male loreyi leafworm, Mythimna loreyi, juvenile hormone acid (JHA) biosynthesis and release show a dose dependence on extracellular Ca(2+) concentration. Maxima are obtained with Ca(2+) concentrations of 2-10 mM, and synthesis and release are significantly inhibited under a Ca(2+)-free condition. The Ca(2+)-free inhibition of JHA release can be reversed by returning the glands to medium at 5 mM Ca(2+). The cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), which was measured with fura-2, in individual CA cells also shows a dose dependence on extracellular Ca(2+) concentration, with significant [Ca(2+)](i) depression being observed in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+). High K(+) significantly increases the JHA release and causes a transient [Ca(2+)](i) increase within seconds in CA cells. High-K(+)-stimulated JHA release is partially inhibited by the benzothiazepine (BTZ)-, dihydropyridine (DHP)- and phenylalkylamine (PAA)-sensitive L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) antagonists diltiazem, nifedipine and verapamil, respectively; by the N- and P/Q-type VDCC antagonist omega-conotoxin (omega-CgTx) MVIIC; and by the T-type VDCC antagonist amiloride. The N-type antagonist omega-CgTx GVIA is the most potent in inhibiting the high-K(+)-stimulated JHA release. No inhibitory effect is shown by the P-type antagonist omega-agatoxin TK (omega-Aga TK). The high-K(+)-induced transient [Ca(2+)](i) increase is largely inhibited by the L-type antagonists (diltiazem, nifedipine, verapamil), by the N- and P/Q-type antagonist omega-CgTx MVIIC and by the T-type antagonist amiloride, and is totally inhibited by the N-type antagonist omega-CgTx GVIA. No inhibitory effect is shown by the P-type antagonist omega-Aga TK. We hypothesize that L-type, N-type and T-type VDCCs may be involved to different degrees in the high-K(+)-stimulated JHA release and transient [Ca(2+)](i) increase in the individual CA cells of the adult male M. loreyi, and that the N-type VDCCs may play important roles in these cellular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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43
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Kou R. Cholinergic regulation of the corpora allata in adult male loreyi leafworm Mythimna loreyi. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2002; 49:215-224. [PMID: 11921079 DOI: 10.1002/arch.10022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The direct effect of acetylcholine on the activation of the corpora allata (CA) was investigated in the adult male loreyi leafworm, Mythimna loreyi. Acetylcholine, in the presence of the choline esterase inhibitor physostigmine (50 microM), elicited a stimulatory effect on juvenile hormone acids (JHAs) release from the CA. Maximum effect was obtained at concentrations of 10 and 50 microM. Repeated administration of 10 microM acetylcholine on the same CA did not elicit similar stimulatory effect. Since JHA release can be significantly activated by carbachol and not by nicotine, this cholinergic effect is likely to belong to the muscarinic type. The effect of acetylcholine was significantly antagonized by gallamine triethiodide (M(2) antagonist) and 4-DAMP (M(3) antagonist), pirenzepine (M(1) antagonist), and tropicamide (M(4) antagonist) were ineffective. It is concluded that in the adult male M. loreyi, the cholinergic regulation of CA is most likely via M(2) and M(3) muscarinic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Kou
- Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Cole TJ, Ramaswamy SB, Srinivasan A, Dorn S. Juvenile hormone catabolism and oviposition in the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, as functions of age, mating status, and hormone treatment. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2002; 49:10-21. [PMID: 11754090 DOI: 10.1002/arch.10007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In vitro catabolism of juvenile hormone (JH) in haemolymph of adult female Cydia pomonella was ascribed mainly to juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) activity. No significant differences were noted between virgin and mated females 0-96 h post-emergence. Changes in JHE activity did not appear dependent upon fluctuations in JH titre; conversely, changes in JHE activity could not explain the changes in JH titres. Maximal JHE activity was recorded at 24 h (331.47 +/- 47.25 pmol/h/microl; 355.93 +/- 36.68 pmol/h/microl, virgin; mated insects, respectively) and preceded the peak in JH titres at 48 h. Topical application of JH II (10 ng-10 microg) or fenoxycarb (50 ng) enhanced JHE activity up to 640 and 56%, respectively. Treatment upon emergence with 10 microg JH II induced enzymic activity for less than 24 h, and when 10 microg JH II or 50 ng fenoxycarb were applied, circulating JH titres returned to control levels within 24 h. Oviposition was highly sensitive to exogenous JH and declined significantly with dosages >100 pg. To allow a degree of oocyte maturation before JH treatment, the hormone was administered at 6, 12, 24, or 48 h post-emergence and/or females were mated. Neither measure "protected" the system; oviposition declined immediately after JH application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey J Cole
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Applied Entomology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland.
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45
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Hsieh YC, Hsu EL, Chow YS, Kou R. Effects of calcium channel antagonists on the corpora allata of adult male loreyi leafworm Mythimna loreyi: juvenile hormone acids release and intracellular calcium level. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2001; 48:89-99. [PMID: 11568968 DOI: 10.1002/arch.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effects of voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) antagonists and the non-specific calcium channel antagonists on both juvenile hormone acids (JHA) release and cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) are investigated in the corpora allata (CA) of the adult males loreyi leafworm Mythimna loreyi. The VDCC antagonists used in this study are: the L-type antagonists diltiazem, nifedipine, and verapamil, the N-type antagonist omega-Conotoxin (CgTx) GVIA, the N- and P/Q-type antagonist omega-CgTx MVIIC, and the T-type antagonist amiloride. The non-specific calcium channel antagonists used in this study were cadmium (Cd2+), cobalt (Co2+), nickle (Ni2+), and lanthanum (La3+). The results show that both the DHPs-sensitive L-type antagonist nifedipine and the N-type antagonist omega-CgTx GVIA were able to inhibit JHA release, but only omega-CgTx GVIA was able to reduce the [Ca2+]i. Among the non-specific calcium channel antagonists, Cd2+ is the most potent in reducing JHA release but without obvious effect on the [Ca2+]i, La3+ significantly increases the [Ca2+]i but without effect on JHA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Hsieh
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University,Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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46
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Linderman RJ, Roe RM, Harris SV, Thompson DM. Inhibition of insect juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase: asymmetric synthesis and assay of glycidol-ester and epoxy-ester inhibitors of trichoplusia ni epoxide hydrolase. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2000; 30:767-774. [PMID: 10876120 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(00)00048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) undergoes metabolic degradation by two major pathways involving JH esterase and JH epoxide hydrolase (EH). While considerable effort has been focussed on the study of JH esterase and the development of inhibitors for this enzyme, much less has been reported on the study of JH-EH. In this work, the asymmetric synthesis of two classes of inhibitors of recombinant JH-EH from Trichoplusia ni, a glycidol-ester series and an epoxy-ester series is reported. The most effective glycidol-ester inhibitor, compound 1, exhibited an I(50) of 1.2x10(-8) M, and the most effective epoxy-ester inhibitor, compound 11, exhibited an I(50) of 9.4x10(-8) M. The potency of the inhibitors was found to be dependent on the absolute configuration of the epoxide. In both series of inhibitors, the C-10 R-configuration was found to be significantly more potent that the corresponding C-10 S-configuration. A mechanism for epoxide hydration catalyzed by insect EH is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Linderman
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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47
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Oeh U, Lorenz MW, Dyker H, Lösel P, Hoffmann KH. Interaction between Manduca sexta allatotropin and manduca sexta allatostatin in the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2000; 30:719-727. [PMID: 10876115 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(00)00043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A peptide that strongly stimulates juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis in vitro by the corpora allata (CA) was purified from methanolic brain extracts of adult Spodoptera frugiperda. Using HPLC separation followed by Edman degradation and mass spectrometry, the peptide was identified as Manduca sexta allatotropin (Mas-AT). Treating the CA from adult S. frugiperda with synthetic Mas-AT (at 10(-6) M) caused an up to sevenfold increase in JH biosynthesis. The stimulation of JH synthesis was dose-dependent and reversible. Synthetic M. sexta allatostatin (Mas-AS) (10(-6) M) did not affect the spontaneous rate of JH secretion from CA of adult S. frugiperda, nor did any of the allatostatins of the Phe-Gly-Leu-amide peptide family tested. However, when CA had been activated by Mas-AT (10(-6) M), addition of synthetic Mas-AS (10(-6) M) reduced JH synthesis by about 70%. This allatostatic effect of Mas-AS on allatotropin-activated glands was also reversible. When CA were incubated in the presence of both Mas-AT (10(-6) M) and various concentrations of Mas-AS (from 10(-8) to 10(-5) M), the stimulation of JH-biosynthesis observed was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. The experiments demonstrate a novel mechanism of allatostatin action. In S. frugiperda JH synthesis was inhibited only in those glands which had previously been activated by an allatotropin.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Oeh
- Lehrstuhl Tierökologie I, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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48
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Stoltzman CA, Stocker C, Borst D, Stay B. Stage-specific production and release of juvenile hormone esterase from the ovary of Diploptera punctata. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2000; 46:771-782. [PMID: 10742526 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1910(99)00166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) is a catabolic enzyme that specifically degrades juvenile hormone (JH) and has been identified in hemolymph and tissues in both larvae and adults of numerous insect species. This study investigates the presence of JHE in ovaries of the viviparous cockroach, Diploptera punctata, and the in vitro release of JHE from these ovaries during the first gonadotrophic cycle. JHE is released in vitro from maturing basal (most posterior) follicles and from follicle cells isolated from oocytes during the short period of time between spermatophore release and chorion formation. Enzyme release is dependent upon the presence of calcium in the medium. This released ovarian JHE appears to be larger than and to display ionic characteristics that are different from the isolated hemolymph and fat body JHEs. In addition, JHE activity measured in homogenates of whole ovaries and subsequently oviposited basal oocytes increases dramatically following spermatophore release, coincident with a previously described decline in JH titer in the ovary. A likely role for ovarian JHE is the site-specific degradation of JH in and around the oocyte prior to fertilization and embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- CA Stoltzman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
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Kou R, Chen SJ. Allatotropic activity in the suboesophageal ganglia and corpora cardiaca of the adult male loreyi leafworm, Mythimna loreyi. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2000; 43:78-86. [PMID: 10644972 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6327(200002)43:2<78::aid-arch4>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Allatotropic activity was found in the methanolic extract of the suboesophageal ganglia (SOG) and the corpora cardiaca (CC) of the Mythimna loreyi virgin males. No allatotropic activity was observed in the extract of brain or corpora allata (CA). Although CA can be activated by the SOG and CC extract, respectively, CC extract inhibited the response to the SOG extract. A significant in vitro allatotropic effect was exerted by the SOG and CC extract within 10 and 15 min, respectively, and this effect can be sustained for several hours even after transferring to fresh medium without extracts. The time course pattern of the CA activation ratio in both the SOG and CC extract-treated group is very similar to, but with significantly higher level than, that in the control group, suggesting the existence of an intrinsic pacemaker or an in vitro effect that controls the fluctuation of the CA biosynthetic activity. Synthetic Manduca sexta allatotropin had no significant effect on the M. loreyi CA. The results of treatment with the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin, the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX, and the cAMP analogue dibutyryl-cAMP did not indicate that cAMP might be involved in the allatotropic control of CA. Arch.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kou
- Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Zera AJ, Huang Y. EVOLUTIONARY ENDOCRINOLOGY OF JUVENILE HORMONE ESTERASE: FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP WITH WING POLYMORPHISM IN THE CRICKET, GRYLLUS FIRMUS. Evolution 1999; 53:837-847. [PMID: 28565624 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb05377.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/1998] [Accepted: 02/02/1999] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The existence, nature, and physiological consequences of genetic variation for juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) activity was studied in the wing-polymorphic cricket, Gryllus firmus. Hemolymph (blood) JHE activity was sixfold lower in nascent short-winged (SW) females, relative to nascent long-winged (LW) females during the last juvenile stadium (stage). Morph-associated genetic variation for JHE activity had two causes, variation in loci: (1) regulating whole-organism enzyme activity; and (2) controlling the degree to which JHE is secreted into the blood Reduced JHE activity in nascent SW-selected individuals was associated with reduced in vivo juvenile hormone catabolism. This suggests that variation in JHE activity during juvenile development may have important physiological consequences with respect to the regulation of blood levels of juvenile hormone and consequent specification of wing morph. This is the first definitive demonstration of genetic variation for hormonal metabolism in any insect and a genetic association between hormone metabolism and the subsequent expression of morphological variation (wing morph). However, we have not yet firmly established whether these associations represent causal relationships In contrast to the clear association between JHE activity and wing morph development, we observed no evidence indicating that variation in JHE activity plays any direct or indirect role in causing the dramatic differences in ovarian growth between adult wing morphs. Variation in JHE activity also does not appear to be important in coordinating the development of wing morph with the subsequent expression of reproductive differences between adult morphs. Finally genetic variation for the developmental profiles of JHE activity during juvenile and adult stages are remarkably similar in three Gryllus species. This suggests that genetic correlations between JHE activities during different periods of development, which underlie these activity profiles, have been conserved since the divergence of the three Gryllus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Zera
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588
| | - Yuan Huang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588.,Department of Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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