1
|
Jeilu O, Alexandersson E, Johansson E, Simachew A, Gessesse A. A novel GH3-β-glucosidase from soda lake metagenomic libraries with desirable properties for biomass degradation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10012. [PMID: 38693138 PMCID: PMC11063200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Beta-glucosidases catalyze the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bonds of cellobiose, producing glucose, which is a rate-limiting step in cellulose biomass degradation. In industrial processes, β-glucosidases that are tolerant to glucose and stable under harsh industrial reaction conditions are required for efficient cellulose hydrolysis. In this study, we report the molecular cloning, Escherichia coli expression, and functional characterization of a β-glucosidase from the gene, CelGH3_f17, identified from metagenomics libraries of an Ethiopian soda lake. The CelGH3_f17 gene sequence contains a glycoside hydrolase family 3 catalytic domain (GH3). The heterologous expressed and purified enzyme exhibited optimal activity at 50 °C and pH 8.5. In addition, supplementation of 1 M salt and 300 mM glucose enhanced the β-glucosidase activity. Most of the metal ions and organic solvents tested did not affect the β-glucosidase activity. However, Cu2+ and Mn2+ ions, Mercaptoethanol and Triton X-100 reduce the activity of the enzyme. The studied β-glucosidase enzyme has multiple industrially desirable properties including thermostability, and alkaline, salt, and glucose tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliyad Jeilu
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, P O Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Erik Alexandersson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Eva Johansson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Addis Simachew
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, P O Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Gessesse
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, P O Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Identifying the gluc-1 and gluc-2 mutations in Neurospora crassa by genome resequencing. J Genet 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-022-01394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
3
|
Jia J, Chen H, Wu B, Cui F, Fang H, Wang H, Ni Z. Protein Production Through Microbial Conversion of Rice Straw by Multi-Strain Fermentation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:253-265. [PMID: 29923150 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Multi-strain mixed fermentation can provide a relatively complete lignocellulosic enzyme system compared with single-strain fermentation. This study was firstly to screen strains which have a strong ability to hydrolyse rice straw (RS) enzymatically and enrich true protein (TP). Then, the conditions in the process of SSF, including the optimum inoculum size of mixed strains, inoculation ratio, and different inoculation time of N. crassa 14-8, were optimized. The experimental results showed that the highest TP content could be obtained by using N. crassa 14-8, C. utilis, and P. chrysosporium as mixed strains, and 5 mM Mn2+ and 50 mM veratryl alcohol were used as inducers of lignin peroxidase (LiP) to improve the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis. When N. crassa 14-8 was inoculated 1 day later than P. chrysosporium, the total inoculum size was 10%, and the optimum ratio of N. crassa 14-8 to P. chrysosporium was 1:2, the maximum TP yield (8.89%) was obtained, with 123.37% of its increase rate. This work proposed a technique with potential application in large-scale feedstuff protein conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinru Jia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, P. R. China.,Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, P. R. China
| | - Huayou Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, P. R. China. .,National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Bangguo Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, P. R. China
| | - Fengjie Cui
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Yancheng Yuanyao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yancheng, 224000, P. R. China
| | - Hua Fang
- Jiangsu Yancheng Yuanyao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yancheng, 224000, P. R. China
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Ni
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cations Optimization for Protein Enrichment in Rice Straw by Mixed Cultures of Neurospora crassa 14-8 and Candida utilis Using Response Surface Methodology. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 182:804-817. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
5
|
Biotechnological production of ethanol from renewable resources by Neurospora crassa: an alternative to conventional yeast fermentations? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:1457-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4655-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
6
|
Ware CE, Lachke AH, Gregg K. Mode of action and substrate specificity of a purified exo-1,4-beta-D-glucosidase cloned from the cellulolytic bacterium Ruminococcus albus AR67. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990; 171:777-86. [PMID: 2119579 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(90)91214-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A gene encoding exo-1,4-beta-D-glucosidase, from Ruminococcus albus AR67, was cloned in Escherichia coli, restriction mapped, and shown to be expressed from sequences within the insert that function as a promoter in E. coli. The cloned enzyme was located predominantly in the cytoplasm (40%) and attached to insoluble cell components (48%). After purification to homogeneity, the enzyme (Mr = 64,000, monomeric) was specific for substrates with beta-D-glucopyranosyl configuration and was inactive against alpha-glucosides, lactosides and xylosides. Km values of the enzyme decreased with increasing chain length (G2-G5). Glucose was the major product of hydrolysis from cellodextrins. Preference for longer chain cellodextrins is consistent with exo-1,4-beta-D-glucan glucohydrolase mode of action [E.C. 3.2.1.74].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C E Ware
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Nutrition, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Patchett ML, Daniel RM, Morgan HW. Purification and properties of a stable beta-glucosidase from an extremely thermophilic anaerobic bacterium. Biochem J 1987; 243:779-87. [PMID: 3117033 PMCID: PMC1147925 DOI: 10.1042/bj2430779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) was purified to homogeneity from cell-free extracts of an extremely thermophilic anaerobic bacterium. The enzyme has an Mr of 43,000 as determined by molecular-exclusion chromatography, has a pI of 4.55 and shows optimum activity at pH 6.2. The enzyme is active against a wide range of aryl beta-glycosides and beta-linked disaccharides, with beta-galactosidase activity only slightly less than beta-glucosidase activity, and significant beta-xylosidase activity. Lineweaver-Burk plots for p-nitrophenyl beta-glucoside, o-nitrophenyl beta-glucoside and cellobiose substrates are biphasic concave-downwards. Inhibition of the beta-glucosidase by substrates and glucose is negligible. Thermal inactivation follows first-order kinetics, with t1/2 (65 degrees C) 45 h, t1/2 (75 degrees C) 47 min and t1/2 (85 degrees C) 1.4 min and a deactivation energy of 380 kJ/mol at pH 6.2. At pH 7.0, which is the optimum pH for thermostability, t1/2 (75 degrees C) is 130 min. At 75 degrees C, at pH 6.2, the thermostability is enhanced about 8-fold by 10% (w/v) glycerol, about 6-fold by 0.2 M-cellobiose and about 3-fold by 5 mM-dithiothreitol and 5 mM-2-mercaptoethanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Patchett
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Coughlan MP. The Properties of Fungal and Bacterial Cellulases with Comment on their Production and Application. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 1985. [DOI: 10.1080/02648725.1985.10647809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
9
|
Mayer VW, Goin CJ. Activation of cycasin to a mutagen for Saccharomyces cerevisiae by rat intestinal flora. Appl Environ Microbiol 1983; 45:651-7. [PMID: 6338830 PMCID: PMC242339 DOI: 10.1128/aem.45.2.651-657.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic test systems involving microorganisms and liver enzyme preparations may be insufficient to detect compounds that require breakdown by enzymes provided by the microbial flora of the intestinal tract. A method is described for providing such activation and for simultaneously testing the potential genetic activity of breakdown products in an indicator organism. Parabiotic chambers containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetic test organisms in one chamber were separated by a membrane filter from rat cecal organisms and test chemical contained in the other chamber. The genetic activities of cycasin breakdown products for mutation, gene conversion, and mitotic crossing-over in samples incubated aerobically are reported. Samples containing cycasin alone had a small but clearly increased frequency of genetic damage. Samples containing rat cecal organisms without cycasin showed no increase in genetic activity. Anaerobic incubation resulted in no increase in genetic activity in any of the samples.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shewale JG, Sadana J. Purification, characterization, and properties of beta-glucosidase enzymes from Sclerotium rolfsii. Arch Biochem Biophys 1981; 207:185-96. [PMID: 6786226 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(81)90024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
11
|
Newkome GR, Sauer JD, Majestic VK, Bhacca NS, Braymer HD, Wander JD. Isosucrose. Definitive structural assignment by spectral correlation to α,β- and α,α-sucrose octaacetates. Carbohydr Res 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)83509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
12
|
North MJ. Increase of enzyme activities in Neurospora crassa during incubation at low temperatures. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 422:309-15. [PMID: 129162 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(76)90142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effect of lowering the incubation temperature of sucrose-grown cultures of Neurospora crassa on the level of various enzyme activities was investigated. Of twelve inducible/derepressible activities studied, three, in addition to glycerol kinase, were found to increase during 48 h of incubation at 4-6 degrees C: trehalase (increase in specific activity of 3-10-fold), beta-glucosidase (6-12-fold) and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (4 to 6-fold). The maximum increases occurred at 6 degrees C and no increases took place in mycelia incubated at 0 degrees C. The kinetics of the changes in activity were markedly different from those observed previously with glycerol kinase. The increases were inhibited by cycloheximide. Trehalase, beta-glucosidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activities were not rapidly lost when cultures incubated at 6 degrees C were returned to 26 degrees C.
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
An aryl β-d-glucosidase of the aquatic fungus Lagenidium giganteum, a parasite of mosquito larvae. Arch Microbiol 1974. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00455950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
15
|
Abstract
The induction of beta-glucosidases (EC 3.2.1.21) was studied in Neurospora crassa. Cellobiase was induced by cellobiose, but other inducers had little effect on this enzyme. Cellobiase activity was very low in all stages of the vegetative life cycle in the absence of di-beta-glucoside inducer. Aryl-beta-glucosidase was semiconstitutive at late stages of culture growth prior to conidiation. At early stages, aryl-beta-glucosidase was induced by cellobiose, laminaribiose, and gentiobiose, and weakly induced by galactose, amino sugars, and aryl-beta-glucosides. The induction properties of the beta-glucosidases are compared with those of the other disaccharidases of Neurospora. The induction of beta-glucosidases was inhibited by glucose, 2-deoxy-d-glucose, and sodium acetate. Sodium phosphate concentrations between 0.01 and 0.1 M stimulated induction of both enzymes, while concentrations above 0.1 M were inhibitory. The optimal condition for induction of both beta-glucosidases was pH 6.0. Cellobiase induction was relatively more inhibited than aryl-beta-glucosidase in the range of pH 6.0 to 8.0.
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Umezurike GM. The purification and properties of extracellular beta-glucosidase from Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 227:419-28. [PMID: 5550826 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(71)90073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
18
|
Abstract
The beta-glucosidases (EC 3.2.1.21) of Neurospora crassa were studied with respect to their location in conidia and young mycelia. Aryl-beta-glucosidase of conidia was nearly equally divided between extracellular and bound activity. Bound aryl-beta-glucosidase was almost all available to substrate. An induction procedure was used to maximize both beta-glucosidases in 4 to 6-hr cells. Aryl-beta-glucosidase was entirely bound but still mostly (90%) detectable, whereas cellobiase was mostly internal and cryptic. A freeze-thaw cycle or treatment with phenethyl alcohol or deoxycholic acid made the cellobiase detectable without releasing it from the cell. A 10 to 20% increase in cell-bound aryl-beta-glucosidase could be obtained by this treatment. Dilute HCl (0.1 n) destroyed the patent aryl-beta-glucosidase but not the cryptic aryl-beta-glucosidase or the cryptic cellobiase activity in intact cells. This suggested that most aryl-beta-glucosidase activity was exterior to the cell membrane but still within the mural space. The thermal stability of patent aryl-beta-glucosidase and released cellobiase was found to be higher than in corresponding cell-free extracts. Measurements of K(m) suggested a slightly lower affinity for substrate p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside by the enzymes in intact cells compared to enzymes in extracts.
Collapse
|
19
|
Reiss J. [Cytochemical detection of hydrolases in fungus cells. I. Glycosidases]. HISTOCHEMIE. HISTOCHEMISTRY. HISTOCHIMIE 1969; 18:12-23. [PMID: 5810983 DOI: 10.1007/bf00309897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
20
|
Bucht B, Eriksson KE. Extracellular enzyme system utilized by the rot fungus Stereum sanguinolentum for the breakdown of cellulose. IV. Separation of cellobiase and aryl beta-glucosidase activities. Arch Biochem Biophys 1969; 129:416-20. [PMID: 5772957 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(69)90197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
21
|
Myers MG, Eberhart B. Regulation of cellulase and cellobiase in Neurospora crassa. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1966; 24:782-5. [PMID: 5970513 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(66)90394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|