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Sone ED, McCulloch CA. Periodontal regeneration: Lessons from the periodontal ligament-cementum junction in diverse animal models. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2023.1124968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The attachment of the roots of mammalian teeth of limited eruption to the jawbone is reliant in part on the mineralization of collagen fibrils of the periodontal ligament (PDL) at their entry into bone and cementum as Sharpey's fibers. In periodontitis, a high prevalence infection of periodontal tissues, the attachment apparatus of PDL to the tooth root is progressively destroyed. Despite the pervasiveness of periodontitis and its attendant health care costs, and regardless of decades of research into various possible treatments, reliable restoration of periodontal attachment after surgery is not achievable. Notably, treatment outcomes in animal studies have often demonstrated more positive regenerative outcomes than human clinical studies. Conceivably, defining how species diversity affects cementogenesis and cementum/PDL regeneration could be instructive for informing novel and more efficacious treatment strategies. Here we briefly review differences in cementum and PDL attachment in commonly used animal models to consider how species differences may lead to enhanced regenerative outcomes.
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Glycosaminoglycans accelerate biomimetic collagen mineralization in a tissue-based in vitro model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12636-12642. [PMID: 32461359 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914899117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian teeth are attached to the jawbone through an exquisitely controlled mineralization process: unmineralized collagen fibers of the periodontal ligament anchor directly into the outer layer of adjoining mineralized tissues (cementum and bone). The sharp interface between mineralized and nonmineralized collagenous tissues makes this an excellent model to study the mechanisms by which extracellular matrix macromolecules control collagen mineralization. While acidic phosphoproteins, localized in the mineralized tissues, play key roles in control of mineralization, the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) is less clear. As several proteoglycans are found only in the periodontal ligament, it has been hypothesized that these inhibit mineralization of collagen in this tissue. Here we used an in vitro model based on remineralization of mouse dental tissues to determine the role of matrix GAGs in control of mineralization. GAGs were selectively removed from demineralized mouse periodontal sections via enzymatic digestion. Proteomic analysis confirmed that enzymatic GAG removal does not significantly alter protein content. Analysis of remineralized tissue sections by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that GAG removal reduced the rate of remineralization in mineralized tissues compared to the untreated control, while the ligament remained unmineralized. Protein removal with trypsin also reduced the rate of mineralization, but to a lesser extent than GAG removal, despite a much larger effect on protein content. These results indicate that GAGs promote mineralization in mineralized dental tissues rather than inhibiting mineral formation in the ligament, which may have broader implications for understanding control of collagen mineralization in connective tissues.
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3
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Abstract
Although several proteoglycans (PGs) have been reported in bovine periodontal ligament (PDL), the composition of PGs in PDL has been poorly characterized. In the present study, we isolated and characterized keratan sulfate-substituted PG (fibromodulin) in bovine PDL. Fibromodulin was purified from 4 M guanidine hydrochloride (GdmCl) extracts of bovine PDL tissues using DEAE Sephacel ion-exchange chromatography and preparative electrophoresis. Fibromodulin appeared as a single polydisperse band with an apparent molecular weight (MW) of 80,000 (80 kDa) on SDS-PAGE. Digestion of fibromodulin with keratanase or neuraminidase reduced the apparent molecular size, and N-glycanase treatment produced core protein bands of around 40 kDa. Fibromodulin reacted with keratan sulfate monoclonal antibody (5D4) and fibromodulin polyclonal antibodies (alpha-FM). The keratanase-digested fibromodulin reacted with alpha-FM, but not with 5D4. These data suggest that fibromodulin is one of the small PGs in the PDL-matrix and may fulfill construction and maintenance functions in this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Watanabe
- Department of Orthodontics, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka, Japan
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4
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Watanabe Y, Komatsu K. Biomechanical and morphological studies on the periodontal ligament of the rat molar after treatment with alpha-amylase in vitro. Connect Tissue Res 1997; 36:35-49. [PMID: 9298622 DOI: 10.3109/03008209709160212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomechanical properties and morphological features of the rat molar periodontal ligament were examined after treatment with alpha-amylase. Treatment with alpha-amylase induced dose-dependent decreases in the maximum shear stress, tangent modulus, and failure strain-energy density of the periodontal ligament; in addition, it weakened the alcian-blue staining of the periodontal ligament and exposed periodontal collagen fibrils as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Azan staining and polarized microscopic observations of the periodontal collagen fibers were not markedly different between the control and alpha-amylase treated specimens. These results suggest that decreases in the strength of the periodontal ligament due to alpha-amylase digestion are largely due to removal of interfibrillar substances such as acid glycosaminoglycans and neutral polysaccharides from the periodontal ligament. It is also suggested that the interaction of the interfibrillar substances with collagen fibrils is involved the biomechanical properties of the periodontal ligament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
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5
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Okazaki J, Kamada A, Gonda Y, Sakaki T. Analysis of chondroitin sulfate isomers in the periodontium of the monkey using high-performance liquid chromatography. J Periodontal Res 1992; 27:484-8. [PMID: 1403577 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb01821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) was extracted from monkey periodontium, consisting of gingiva, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and cementum, and from dental pulp and dentin by digestion with Pronase E. Unsaturated disaccharide isomers formed by chondroitinase AC digestion from chondroitin sulfate were labeled with dansylhydrazine and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. These tissues showed different molar ratios of the unsaturated chondroitin sulfate disaccharides. The ratio of delta Di-4S to delta Di-6S was lowest in the dental pulp, followed by the gingiva, periodontal ligament, dentin, alveolar bone, and cementum, in that order. It was greater in the calcified than in the uncalcified tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Okazaki
- First Department of Prosthodontics, Osaka Dental University, Japan
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6
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Rahemtulla F. Proteoglycans of oral tissues. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ORAL BIOLOGISTS 1992; 3:135-62. [PMID: 1730068 DOI: 10.1177/10454411920030010301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Rahemtulla
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Alabama School of Dentistry, Birmingham 35294
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7
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Curtis MA, Gillett IR, Griffiths GS, Maiden MF, Sterne JA, Wilson DT, Wilton JM, Johnson NW. Detection of high-risk groups and individuals for periodontal diseases: laboratory markers from analysis of gingival crevicular fluid. J Clin Periodontol 1989; 16:1-11. [PMID: 2644311 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1989.tb01604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gingival crevicular fluid is regarded as a promising medium for the detection of markers of periodontal diseases activity. The collection protocols are straight forward and non-invasive and can be performed at specific sites of interest in the periodontium. Because the fluid accumulates at the gingival margin, it will contain potential markers derived not only from the host tissues and serum but also the subgingival microbial plaque, and thus an extremely broad range of candidate molecules may be investigated. However, the ability to successfully describe indicators of current disease activity and predictors of future disease is dependent not only upon the choice of the biochemical marker but also on the accurate description of the health status of the sample sites using currently available clinical and radiographic methods. Areas of study which currently show the most promise involve the analysis of host enzyme activities directed against components of the extracellular matrix, the nature of the glycosaminoglycans released into the sulcus and the concentration in gingival crevicular fluid of certain mediators of the inflammatory process, most notably prostaglandin E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Curtis
- Dental Research Unit, London Hospital Medical College
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8
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Kirkham J, Robinson C, Spence J. Site-specific variations in the biochemical composition of healthy sheep periodontium. Arch Oral Biol 1989; 34:405-11. [PMID: 2597034 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(89)90118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A topographical biochemical analysis of the periodontal soft tissues was carried out. The protein distribution in the tooth-supporting structures was determined from site by amino acid analysis and was compared with the collagen distribution in tissue protein, based upon hydroxyproline content. The biochemical composition of the periodontal ligament was heterogeneous but some specific patterns of protein and collagen distribution emerged. Protein concentration was highest at the gingival epithelium and adjacent to the cementum. Collagen concentrations were highest at the alveolar bone and below the junctional epithelium adjacent to the tooth. Such patterns may influence the way in which periodontal disease is propagated through the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kirkham
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, England
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Abstract
Bone proteoglycan was extracted and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) components identified. Chondroitin-4-sulphate was the major GAG detected and represented 93.8% of the total GAG extracted. In addition, hyaluronic acid (1.3%), dermatan sulphate (3.1%) and heparan sulphate (1.8%) were identified as minor constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Waddington
- Department of Basic Dental Science, Dental School, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff
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10
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Last KS, Donkin C, Embery G. Glycosaminoglycans in human gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic movement. Arch Oral Biol 1988; 33:907-12. [PMID: 3076754 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(88)90021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were investigated by cellulose acetate electrophoresis of simultaneously collected samples from the mesial and distal surfaces of teeth in 3 groups of young persons. In a control group, which had not undergone orthodontic treatment, a major band of hyaluronic acid (HA) and a minor band of chondroitin sulphate (CS) were present. No differences in the mean content of either GAG between the mesial and distal surfaces were detected. From teeth undergoing movement by fixed appliances (active group), a raised mean level of CS was present in GCF from the surface towards which movement was directed. Teeth held passively by an appliance following cessation of active movement (retention group) showed raised levels of CS at mesial and distal surfaces. A heparan sulphate-like GAG was commonly present in this group only. No significant increase in the levels of HA were detected at the mesial and distal surfaces of either the active or the retention groups, despite increased GCF flow rates unassociated with more severe gingival inflammation. The GAG composition of GCF, particularly CS, appears to reflect changes occurring in the deeper periodontal tissues of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Last
- Department of Operative Dental Surgery, University of Liverpool, School of Dental Surgery
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12
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Gathercole LJ, Porter S, Scully C. Axial periodicity in periodontal collagens. Human periodontal ligament and gingival connective tissue collagen fibers possess a dermis-like D-period. J Periodontal Res 1987; 22:408-11. [PMID: 2961873 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1987.tb01607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Last KS, Stanbury JB, Embery G. Glycosaminoglycans in human gingival crevicular fluid as indicators of active periodontal disease. Arch Oral Biol 1985; 30:275-81. [PMID: 3888161 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(85)90045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were investigated by cellulose-acetate electrophoresis of samples from individual sites of defined conditions variously affecting the tissues of the periodontium. The non-sulphated GAG, hyaluronic acid, was present in all samples and was the only major band from sites of chronic gingivitis. An additional sulphated GAG band identified by enzymic digestions as chondroitin-4-sulphate, was detected in GCF from sites of untreated-advanced periodontitis. Initial samples from sites of early periodontitis and juvenile periodontitis yielded a similar additional band which was not detected, however, in samples collected after either surgery to eliminate deep pockets or daily subgingival irrigation with a chlorhexidine solution. Sulphated GAG was also present in fluid from the control situations, i.e. of teeth either undergoing orthodontic movement or showing evidence of trauma from occlusion, and from healing tooth-extraction wounds. Thus the presence of such a component in GCF correlates with those clinical conditions in which degradative changes are occurring in the deeper-periodontal tissues. The electrophoretic profile of GAG in a sample of GCF may be a sensitive laboratory method of indicating active phases of destructive periodontal disease at individual sites.
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Purvis JA, Embery G, Oliver WM. Molecular size distribution of proteoglycans in human inflamed gingival tissue. Arch Oral Biol 1984; 29:513-9. [PMID: 6433862 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(84)90072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycans were extracted from human gingiva with 2 M CaCl2. The extracts were examined by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-400 in 2 M CaCl2 under dissociative conditions. The 280 nm absorbance profiles of clinically uninflamed, inflamed and severely-inflamed tissues showed that material was present with molecular weights of between 2 X 10(6) or greater, and 16,000. Proteoglycans were examined by cellulose-acetate electrophoresis with subsequent identification of the constituent glycosaminoglycans after protease digestion, and finally by chondroitinase AC digestion of the liberated glycosaminoglycans. The relative proportion of each glycosaminoglycan was calculated by scanning each cellulose-acetate sheet on an integrating densitometer. Heparan sulphate was found only in fraction I (mol. wt 2 X 10(6) or greater), together with hyaluronic acid and chondroitin-4-sulphate, these being present in all of the glycosaminoglycan-containing fractions (I-IV). Dermatan sulphate was absent from fraction I, but present in II-IV, apparently existing on the same protein core as chondroitin-4-sulphate. The relative proportions of these two glycosaminoglycans was related to molecular size, and with the degree of inflammation for a given molecular species.
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Smalley JW, Shuttleworth CA, Grant ME. Synthesis and secretion of sulphated glycosaminoglycans by bovine peridontal ligament fibroblast cultures. Arch Oral Biol 1984; 29:107-16. [PMID: 6426445 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(84)90113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The cultures were allowed to incorporate 35SO2-4 for various periods of time. 35S-labelled macromolecules were isolated from the medium, a trypsin digest of the cells and the cell residue. Ion-exchange chromatography separated the radioactive polysaccharides into heparan sulphate and a galactosaminoglycan population. Most heparan sulphate was in the trypsin digest and cell residue fractions. The galactosaminoglycan fractions were investigated by differential degradations with chondroitinase ABC and AC and ethanol fractionation. The medium galactosaminoglycans contained both glucuronic and iduronic acid residues and existed in copolymeric structures as chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate hybrid molecules. Dermatan sulphate was also detected. In contrast, the trypsin-digest fraction contained mainly chondroitin sulphate-like molecules.
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16
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Merrilees MJ, Sodek J, Aubin JE. Effects of cells of epithelial rests of Malassez and endothelial cells on synthesis of glycosaminoglycans by periodontal ligament fibroblasts in vitro. Dev Biol 1983; 97:146-53. [PMID: 6404673 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(83)90072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cultures of fibroblast-like cells (PLF) and epithelial rest cells (PLE) prepared from explants of porcine periodontal ligament synthesized and secreted four glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in differing proportions. The PLF produced predominantly chondroitin sulfate (greater than 60%) with smaller amounts of hyaluronic acid (HA) (17%), dermatan sulfate (13%), and heparan sulfate (7%), whereas PLE produced predominantly HA (greater than 80%). In coculture and under conditions of reciprocal transfer of conditioned media neither cell type affected the other's GAG synthesis. Endothelial cells (EC), however, or their conditioned growth media, were able to stimulate increased GAG synthesis, especially HA, in PLF. A similar result was obtained with smooth muscles cells (SMC) cultured in EC growth media but here again PLE were unable to stimulate GAG synthesis by SMC. These findings suggest that the spectrum of GAG found in whole ligament results both from independent production by, and from interaction between, the different cell types within the ligament. The results also provide support for a general hypothesis that loose connective tissues, which are rich in HA, are formed and maintained under the influence of epithelial, including endothelial, cells.
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17
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Shuttleworth CA, Smalley JW. Periodontal ligament. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE RESEARCH 1983; 10:211-47. [PMID: 6358097 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-363710-9.50010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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18
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Wysor MS, Tonna EA. The autoradiographic utilization and distribution of [1-3H]-galactose by the dental tissues of ageing mice. Arch Oral Biol 1982; 27:951-60. [PMID: 6961911 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(82)90102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The uptake, turnover and distribution of [1-3H]-galactose by periodontal tissues associated with maxillary first molars of mice 5, 26 and 78 weeks of age showed that galactose was utilized by all oral tissues studied throughout the life-span. Uptake and turnover of the tracer revealed pulsed events. Synchrony of the pulsed events was noted. With increasing age, diminished utilization of galactose was evident, as well as a change in peak-time of the curves characteristic of ageing. The complex plots represent several metabolic events occurring simultaneously. The uptake of galactose by fibrogenic, osteogenic and cementogenic cells was low. Matrical output, on the other hand, remained high. Cementogenic cell output was the highest of all the tissues over the 30-day period. Despite decreased physiological activity with age and superimposed age changes, galactose utilization remained high throughout the study.
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Pearson CH, Gibson GJ. Proteoglycans of bovine periodontal ligament and skin. Occurrence of different hybrid-sulphated galactosaminoglycans in distinct proteoglycans. Biochem J 1982; 201:27-37. [PMID: 7082287 PMCID: PMC1163606 DOI: 10.1042/bj2010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A proteoglycan purified from 4 M-guanidinium chloride extracts of bovine periodontal ligament closely resembled that of bovine skin, except for a rather lower protein content and a higher molecular weight (120 000 compared with about 90 000) by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The latter difference was explained by the molecular weights (29 000 and 16 000) of the respective dermatan sulphate components, each of which was rich in L-iduronate (about 75% of the total hexuronate). Significant amounts of other glycosaminoglycans did not occur in these proteoglycans, which were homogenous on gel chromatography and agarose/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Polydispersity was observed in sedimentation equilibrium experiments, but proteolysis or self-association of the proteodermatan sulphates may have affected these results. Ligament proteoglycans that were almost completely extracted with 0.1 M-NaCl contained less protein of a completely different amino acid composition than the proteodermatan sulphates. They were heterogeneous in size but generally smaller than cartilage proteoglycans and L-iduronate was a component, comprising about 7% of the total hexuronate of the sulphated galactosaminoglycan chains. The latter consisted of two fractions differing in molecular weight, but a dermatan sulphate with a high L-iduronate content was not present. These proteoglycans had some resemblance to D-glucuronate-rich proteoglycans of other non-cartilaginous tissues. Such compounds, however, are difficult to categorize at present.
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Gibson GJ, Pearson CH. Sulfated galactosaminoglycans of bovine periodontal ligament. Evidence for the presence of two major types of hybrids but no chondroitin sulfate. Connect Tissue Res 1982; 10:161-71. [PMID: 6299647 DOI: 10.3109/03008208209034416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated galactosaminoglycans of mature bovine periodontal ligament were separated into four fractions by ethanol precipitation. Fractions I and II were dermatan sulfates with high contents of L-iduronate, but only small amounts of this hexuronic acid were present in fractions III and IV. Effects of digestion with testicular hyaluronidase or a periodate-alkali treatment showed that most if not all of the glycans in fractions I, II and III were hybrid chains containing both L-iduronate and D-glucuronate. The composition of fraction IV was less certain, but the chains strongly resembled fraction III hybrids in electrophoretic characteristics, not chondroitin sulfate. The total amount of the D-glucuronate-rich fractions III and IV in the ligament was similar to that of I plus II. In contrast, almost all of the sulfated galactosaminoglycans of mature skin were rich in L-iduronate. The more varied composition of the ligament glycosaminoglycans may be related to the mixed population of cells in this tissue.
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Alexander SA, Swerdloff M. Mucopolysaccharidase activity and glycosaminoglycan content in traumatized resorbing deciduous teeth. J Dent Res 1980; 59:766-70. [PMID: 6245117 DOI: 10.1177/00220345800590050301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligaments from traumatized deciduous teeth, while undergoing rapid resorption, were analyzed biochemically for mucopolysaccharidase activity and for total glycosaminoglycan content of dentin and cementum. Enzyme activity was present only in resorbing teeth. A concomitant 65 percent decrease in glycosaminoglycans from these teeth occurred as well.
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Alexander SA, Swerdloff M. Mucopolysaccharidase activity in traumatized human deciduous teeth undergoing accelerated resorption: isolation and characterization. JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY 1980; 9:121-8. [PMID: 6776246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1980.tb00368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidase activity was observed in traumatized human decidous teeth. Histochemical analysis of the periodontal ligaments from these teeth revealed a loss of film substrate metachromasia during incubation, indicating enzyme activity. Routine histology of these ligaments showed the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate throughout this tissue. Biochemical analysis of the ligaments revealed a 10-fold increase of enzyme activity when incubation time was increased from 1 to 8 h. When compared to the enzyme activity measured during physiologic resorption, activity was increased. This suggests that the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate not observed in the tissues undergoing physiologic resorption may be responsible for the rapid resorption seen in traumatized deciduous teeth.
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Alexander SA, Swerdloff M. Identification and localization of a mucopolysaccharidase in human deciduous teeth. J Dent Res 1980; 59:594-601. [PMID: 6937492 DOI: 10.1177/00220345800590030701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of a mucopolysaccharidase in resorbing deciduous teeth was investigated using histochemical techniques. The loss of toluidine blue metachromasia within glycosaminoglycan film substrates indicated the presence of enzyme activity, and was related to physiologic resorption. Such activity was localized to the periodontal ligament of these teeth.
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Tonna EA, Wysor MS. The autoradiographic uptake and turnover of [1-3H]-galactose in mouse periodontal tissues. Arch Oral Biol 1980; 25:329-37. [PMID: 6934726 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(80)90042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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25
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Alexander SA, Swerdloff M, Ceen R, Bertolami CN. Hyaluronidase activity in human premolar and third molar dental sacs. Arch Oral Biol 1980; 25:207-9. [PMID: 6930959 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(80)90022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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26
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Alexander SA, Swerdloff M. Mucopolysaccharidase activity during human deciduous root resorption. Arch Oral Biol 1979; 24:735-8. [PMID: 295600 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(79)90032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Periodontal ligament and gingivae of bovine and porcine periodontium were analyzed for relative amounts of carbohydrates, collagen, and acid mucopolysaccharides. The sugar content was 3.6% and 3.4% of dry weight in bovine and porcine periodontal ligament, respectively. The values were lower in the gingivae being 2.34% and 2.30%, respectively. Approximately 50% of hexosamine in gingivae was present in acid mucopolysacchrides as compared to 36% in periodontal ligament. Relative to collagen there was a considerable amount of non-collagenous glycoproteins present in the periodontium as judged by carbohydrate content of the tissue.
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28
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Pearson CH, Wohllebe M, Carmichael DJ, Chovelon A. Bovine periodontal ligament. An invesitation of the collagen, glycosaminoglycan and insoluble glycoprotein components at different stages of tissue development. Connect Tissue Res 1975; 3:195-206. [PMID: 126133 DOI: 10.3109/03008207509152179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal ligaments from unerupted, partially erupted and mature teeth were extracted with 0.15 M NaCl. The major reducible collagen cross-link in each insoluble fraction was dehydrodihydroxylysinonorleucine; the dehydroydroxylysinonorleucine contents were smaller. There was no significant difference in the quantities of these cross-links relative to collagen contents in the three speciments, but one of the precursors, hydroxyallysine, markedly decreased in the older tissue. The amino acid compositions of the trypsin-resistant insoluble fractions were generally characteristic of collagen. Analyses of separated glycopeptides revealed the presence of insoluble non-collagenous glycoproteins and collagen hexoses. The latter were lower in the mature ligament. Hyaluronic acid progressively decreased relative to chondroitin sulphate on eruption and maturation. A hyaluronidase-resistant glycosaminoglycan, probably dermatan sulphate, occurred in the NaCl-insoluble fraction of the mature ligament and in appreciable amounts in all NaCl extracts.
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Osuoji CI, Rowles SL. Isolation and identification of acid glycosaminoglycans in oral calculus. Arch Oral Biol 1972; 17:211-4. [PMID: 4261650 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(72)90149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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