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Nitzsche A, Hennig CL, von Brandenstein K, Döding A, Schulze-Späte U, Symmank J, Jacobs C. GDF15 Modulates the Zoledronic-Acid-Induced Hyperinflammatory Mechanoresponse of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts. Cells 2024; 13:147. [PMID: 38247838 PMCID: PMC10814077 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is thought to be impeded by bisphosphonate (BP) therapy, mainly due to increased osteoclast apoptosis and changes in the periodontal ligament (PdL), a connecting tissue between the alveolar bone and teeth. PdL cells, mainly fibroblasts (PdLFs), are crucial regulators in OTM by modulating force-induced local inflammatory processes. Recently, we identified the TGF-β/BMP superfamily member GDF15 as an important modulator in OTM, promoting the pro-inflammatory mechanoresponses of PdLFs. The precise impact of the highly potent BP zoledronate (ZOL) on the mechanofunctionality of PdLFs is still under-investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to further characterize the ZOL-induced changes in the initial inflammatory mechanoresponse of human PdLFs (hPdLFs) and to further clarify a potential interrelationship with GDF15 signaling. Thus, two-day in vitro treatment with 0.5 µM, 5 µM and 50 µM of ZOL altered the cellular properties of hPdLFs partially in a concentration-dependent manner. In particular, exposure to ZOL decreased their metabolic activity, the proliferation rate, detected using Ki-67 immunofluorescent staining, and survival, analyzed using trypan blue. An increasing occurrence of DNA strand breaks was observed using TUNEL and an activated DNA damage response was demonstrated using H2A.X (phosphoS139) staining. While the osteogenic differentiation of hPdLFs was unaffected by ZOL, increased cellular senescence was observed using enhanced p21Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1 and β-galactosidase staining. In addition, cytokine-encoding genes such as IL6, IL8, COX2 and GDF15, which are associated with a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, were up-regulated by ZOL. Subsequently, this change in the hPdLF phenotype promoted a hyperinflammatory response to applied compressive forces with an increased expression of the pro-inflammatory markers IL1β, IL6 and GDF15, as well as the activation of monocytic THP1 cells. GDF15 appeared to be particularly relevant to these changes, as siRNA-mediated down-regulation balanced these hyperinflammatory responses by reducing IL-1β and IL-6 expression (IL1B p-value < 0.0001; IL6 p-value < 0.001) and secretion (IL-1β p-value < 0.05; IL-6 p-value < 0.001), as well as immune cell activation (p-value < 0.0001). In addition, ZOL-related reduced RANKL/OPG values and inhibited osteoclast activation were enhanced in GDF15-deficient hPdLFs (both p-values < 0.0001; all statistical tests: one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test). Thus, GDF15 may become a promising new target in the personalized orthodontic treatment of bisphosphonatepatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Nitzsche
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.N.); (C.-L.H.); (K.v.B.); (C.J.)
| | - Christoph-Ludwig Hennig
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.N.); (C.-L.H.); (K.v.B.); (C.J.)
| | - Katrin von Brandenstein
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.N.); (C.-L.H.); (K.v.B.); (C.J.)
| | - Annika Döding
- Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.D.); (U.S.-S.)
| | - Ulrike Schulze-Späte
- Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.D.); (U.S.-S.)
| | - Judit Symmank
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.N.); (C.-L.H.); (K.v.B.); (C.J.)
| | - Collin Jacobs
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.N.); (C.-L.H.); (K.v.B.); (C.J.)
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Lösch L, Stemmler A, Fischer A, Steinmetz J, Schuldt L, Hennig CL, Symmank J, Jacobs C. GDF15 Promotes the Osteogenic Cell Fate of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts, thus Affecting Their Mechanobiological Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10011. [PMID: 37373159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PdLFs) exert important functions in oral tissue and bone remodeling following mechanical forces, which are specifically applied during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Located between the teeth and the alveolar bone, mechanical stress activates the mechanomodulatory functions of PdLFs including regulating local inflammation and activating further bone-remodeling cells. Previous studies suggested growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) as an important pro-inflammatory regulator during the PdLF mechanoresponse. GDF15 exerts its effects through both intracrine signaling and receptor binding, possibly even in an autocrine manner. The extent to which PdLFs are susceptible to extracellular GDF15 has not yet been investigated. Thus, our study aims to examine the influence of GDF15 exposure on the cellular properties of PdLFs and their mechanoresponse, which seems particularly relevant regarding disease- and aging-associated elevated GDF15 serum levels. Therefore, in addition to investigating potential GDF15 receptors, we analyzed its impact on the proliferation, survival, senescence, and differentiation of human PdLFs, demonstrating a pro-osteogenic effect upon long-term stimulation. Furthermore, we observed altered force-related inflammation and impaired osteoclast differentiation. Overall, our data suggest a major impact of extracellular GDF15 on PdLF differentiation and their mechanoresponse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lösch
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Albert Stemmler
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Adrian Fischer
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Steinmetz
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Schuldt
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Judit Symmank
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Collin Jacobs
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Yang Y, Geng T, Samara A, Olstad OK, He J, Agger AE, Skallerud BH, Landin MA, Heyward CA, Pullisaar H, Reseland JE. Recombinant irisin enhances the extracellular matrix formation, remodeling potential, and differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells cultured in 3D. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:336-349. [PMID: 36625247 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin is expressed in human periodontal ligament (hPDL), and its administration enhances growth, migration and matrix deposition in hPDL cells cultured in monolayers in vitro. OBJECTIVES To identify whether irisin affects the gene expression patterns directing the morphology, mechanical properties, extracellular matrix (ECM) formation, osteogenic activity and angiogenic potential in hPDL cell spheroids cultured in 3D. MATERIALS AND METHODS Spheroids of primary human hPDL cells were generated in a rotational 3D culture system and treated with or without irisin. The gene expression patterns were evaluated by Affymetrix microarrays. The morphology of the spheroids was characterized using histological staining. Mechanical properties were quantified by nanoindentation. The osteogenic and angiogenic potential of spheroids were assessed through immunofluorescence staining for collagen type I, periostin fibronectin and von Willebrand factor (vWF), and mRNA expression of osteogenic markers. The secretion of multiple myokines was evaluated using Luminex immunoassays. RESULTS Approximately 1000 genes were differentially expressed between control and irisin-treated groups by Affymetrix. Several genes related to ECM organization were differentially expressed, and multiple deubiquitinating enzymes were upregulated in the irisin-exposed samples analyzed. These represent cellular and molecular mechanisms indicative of a role for irisin in tissue remodeling. Irisin induced a rim-like structure on the outer region of the hPDL spheroids, ECM-related protein expression and the stiffness of the spheroids were enhanced by irisin. The expression of osteogenic and angiogenetic markers was increased by irisin. CONCLUSIONS Irisin altered the morphology in primary hPDL cell-derived spheroids, enhanced its ECM deposition, mechanical properties, differentiation and remodeling potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tianxiang Geng
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Athina Samara
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jianying He
- Department of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Eriksson Agger
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Helge Skallerud
- Department of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maria A Landin
- Oral Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Helen Pullisaar
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janne Elin Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Knaup I, Symmank J, Bastian A, Neuss S, Pufe T, Jacobs C, Wolf M. Impact of FGF1 on human periodontal ligament fibroblast growth, osteogenic differentiation and inflammatory reaction in vitro. J Orofac Orthop 2021; 83:42-55. [PMID: 34874457 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-021-00363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate in vitro the impact of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) in comparison to ascorbic acid (AscA) on human periodontal ligament fibroblast (HPdLF) growth, their osteogenic differentiation, and modulation of their inflammatory reaction to mechanical stress. METHODS The influence of different concentrations of FGF1 (12.5-200 ng/mL) on growth and proliferation of HPdLF cells was analyzed over 20 days by counting cell numbers and the percentage of Ki67-positive cells. Quantitative expression analysis of genes encoding the osteogenic markers alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OSP), as well as the fibroblast markers vimentin (VIM) and fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP1), was performed after 2 and 20 days of cultivation. Metabolic activity was determined by MTT assay. For comparison with AscA, 50 ng/mL FGF1 was used for stimulation for 2 and 20 days. Cell number, percentage of Ki67-positive cells, and expression of osteoblast- and fibroblast-specific genes were examined. Alkaline phosphatase activity was visualized by NBT/BCIP and calcium deposits were stained with alizarin red. Cytokine (IL‑6, IL‑8, COX2/PGE2) expression and secretion were analyzed by qPCR and ELISA in 6 h mechanically compressed HPdLF cultured for 2 days with FGF1 or ascorbic acid. RESULTS Higher concentrations of FGF1 promoted cell proliferation upon short-term stimulation, whereas prolonged treatment induced the expression of osteogenic markers even with low concentrations. AscA promotes cell growth more markedly than FGF1 in short-term cultures, whereas FGF1 induced osteogenic cell fate more strongly in long-term culture. Both factors induced an increased inflammatory response of HPdLF to mechanical compression. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that FGF1 promotes an osteogenic phenotype of HPdLF and limits inflammatory response to mechanical forces compared to AscA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Knaup
- Department of Orthodontics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Judit Symmank
- Department of Orthodontics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Asisa Bastian
- Department of Orthodontics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Neuss
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, BioInterface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Collin Jacobs
- Department of Orthodontics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Hong HH, Chou TA, Hong A, Huang YF, Yen TH, Liang CH, Hong A, Hsiao HY, Nien CY. Calcitriol and enamel matrix derivative differentially regulated cementoinduction and mineralization in human periodontal ligament-derived cells. J Periodontol 2021; 93:1553-1565. [PMID: 34837709 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Alveolar bone and cementum share many biological and developmental similarities. The mineralizing effect of calcitriol has been previously reported. Yet, its cementoinductivity has not been confirmed. This study evaluated the potential cementoinductivity effect of calcitriol and enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on human periodontal ligament-ligament derived cells (hPDCs). METHODS Human PDCs obtained from extracted third molars or premolars were cultured with calcitriol, or EMD. Cementogenic gene expression was examined using RT-qPCR. Expression analysis also included cementoblast-specific markers, Cementum Protein 1 (CEMP1), cementum attachment protein (CAP), and recently reported cementoblast-enriched genes, secreted frizzled related protein 1 (SFRP1), and Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1). Mineralization capacities were evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red and Von Kossa staining followed by scanning electron microscope imaging and element mapping. RESULTS Among tested conditions, 10 nM calcitriol enhanced most cementogenic gene expression, Trans-forming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP-2 and BMP-4), Core-binding factor subunit alpha-1/Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Cbfa1/RUNX2), Type I collagen (Col-1), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OPN/SPP1), osteocalcin (OCN), CEMP1 and CAP, and Wnt signaling negative modulators, SFRP1 and DKK1, along with highest ALP activity and mineralization formation in hPDCs. However, only moderate CEMP-1 protein was observed. In contrast, EMD stimulated stronger CEMP-1 and CAP protein, but presented weaker mineralization capacity, hinting at the possibility that strong stimulation of mineralization might dominate cemetogenic specific factors and vice versa. CONCLUSION Calcitriol demonstrated not only great osteoinductivity, but also the potential to induce cementogenic gene expression by initiating hPDC differentiation and promoting mineralization. Compared to calcitriol, EMD promoted cementoinductivity in hPDCs at a later time point via highly expressed CEMP1 and CAP protein, but with less mineralization. Thus, calcitriol and EMD could provide differential enhancement of cementoinduction and mineralization, likely acting at various differentiation stages. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Hsi Hong
- Department of Periodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ting-An Chou
- Department of Periodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Adrienne Hong
- Valley Consortium for Medical Education, Family Medicine Residency, University of California Davis, Modesto, CA, United States
| | - Yi-Fang Huang
- Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, College of Oral medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hua Liang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Alex Hong
- Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yi Hsiao
- Center for tissue engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Nien
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Adiponectin inhibits lipoplysaccharide-induced inflammation and promotes osteogenesis in hPDLCs. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227897. [PMID: 33616153 PMCID: PMC7926180 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are infections of the structures that surround and support the teeth; they are characterized by local inflammation and alveolar bone loss. Most treatments focus on only one aspect, inhibiting inflammation, or promoting osteoblasts. We set out to develop a new method that would intervene in the two aspects simultaneously. Adiponectin (APN), secreted by adipocytes, inhibits the inflammatory response and promotes osteogenesis. However, its role in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) is unclear. Therefore, we aim to investigate whether APN could suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and promote osteogenesis in hPDLCs. In the present study, we stimulated hPDLCs with LPS in the presence or absence of APN. Real-time PCR and Western blotting results demonstrated that APN partially inhibited the activation of the classical nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB) pathway. These results were confirmed by a change of expressions of NF-κB downstream inflammatory genes, such as decreased cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), along with increased interleukin (IL)-10. As for the role of APN in osteogenesis, Alizarin Red S staining showed that APN treatment induced more calcium deposition nodules than controls. We also found that APN enhanced the expression of osteoblast-related genes (osteopontin (OPN), collagen 1, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and bone morphogenetic protein 2) in hPDLCs via the APPL1 (the adaptor protein containing PH domain, PTB domain, and leucine zipper motif 1)/p38 signal transduction pathway. Therefore, APN inhibits LPS-induced inflammation and promotes osteogenesis in hPDLCs and may have potential therapeutic value in treating periodontitis by inhibiting the inflammatory lesions and contributing to bone tissue regeneration.
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张 胜, 安 娜, 欧阳 翔, 刘 颖, 王 雪. [Role of growth arrest-specific protein 6 in migration and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2020; 53:9-15. [PMID: 33550330 PMCID: PMC7867974 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas6) in the process of the migration and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). METHODS After different concentrations of recombinant human Gas6 (rhGas6) were added to hPDLCs, cell prolife-ration experiment (CCK-8) was taken to observe the effect of rhGas6 on hPDLCs cell proliferation. Scratch test and cell migration test (Transwell) were taken to analyze the migratory ability of hPDLCs in different concentrations of rhGas6 groups. After osteogenic induction, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) was taken to detect the expression of the Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). ALP staining was used to detect the amount of mineralized nodules. RESULTS After adding different concentrations of rhGas6, there were no statistically significant differences in hPDLCs cell proliferation among the experimental groups and the control group at 24, 48 and 72 hours (P>0.05). After 24 h of scratch, the healing area in the 800 μg/L of the rhGas6 group was greater than that in the control group, but without statistically significant difference (31.06%±13.70% vs. 21.79%±9.51%, P>0.05). In the migration test, after 24 h, the number of hPDLCs cells which penetrated through the membrane in the 800 μg/L rhGas6 group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01). After rhGas6 was added and osteogenic induction, Runx2 and ALP gene expressions of hPDLCs in the 800 μg/L group were significantly higher than those in the control group (1.60±0.30 vs. 0.91±0.10, 2.81±0.61 vs. 0.86±0.12, P < 0.01). After Gas6 was knocked down, the ALP expression of hPDLCs was significantly lower than that of the control group (0.39±0.07 vs. 0.92±0.14, P < 0.01). There was no significant change in Runx2 expression (P>0.05). After 7 days of osteogenic induction, the mineralized nodules formed in the Gas6 knockdown group were significantly less than those in control group (0.25±0.04 vs. 1.00±0.11, P < 0.001). After 14 days of induction, the staining degree of the Gas6 knockdown group was lower than that of the control group, but there was no significant difference (0.86±0.04 vs. 1.00±0.16, P>0.05). CONCLUSION After downregulation of Gas6 gene, mineralized nodule formation was reduced and ALP gene expressions were decreased in the early stage of osteogenic induction (7 days). After addition of rhGas6, Runx2 and ALP gene expressions were increased and the number of cell migration was increased, suggesting that Gas6 might play a promoting role in the migration and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- 胜男 张
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,牙周科,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 娜 安
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,综合二科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of General Dentistry Ⅱ, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 翔英 欧阳
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,牙周科,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 颖君 刘
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,综合二科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of General Dentistry Ⅱ, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 雪奎 王
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,牙周科,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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Nilsson BO. Mechanisms involved in regulation of periodontal ligament cell production of pro-inflammatory cytokines: Implications in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2020; 56:249-255. [PMID: 33305420 PMCID: PMC7984126 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is well recognized that human periodontal ligament cells (PDL cells) may represent local immune cells of the periodontal tissues. However, it is unclear whether they represent “true” immune cells, since they can produce pro‐inflammatory cytokines not only after stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharides but also in response to other stimuli such as mechanical stress. Stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharides strongly enhances PDL cell production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines through activation of toll‐like receptors and NF‐κB signaling. Less information is available regarding putative modulators of cytokine production and their mechanisms of action in PDL cells. The anti‐inflammatory glucocorticoid dexamethasone reduces lipopolysaccharide‐induced PDL cell production of cytokines. Recent observations show that vitamin D and the antimicrobial peptide LL‐37 antagonize lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated PDL cell production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor is endogenously expressed by PDL cells, and this protein negatively regulates PDL cell‐evoked cytokine production. More information and knowledge about the regulation of PDL cell production of cytokines may clarify the role of PDL cells in oral innate immunity and their importance in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengt-Olof Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Ashour A, Xue M, Al-Motawa M, Thornalley PJ, Rabbani N. Glycolytic overload-driven dysfunction of periodontal ligament fibroblasts in high glucose concentration, corrected by glyoxalase 1 inducer. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/2/e001458. [PMID: 33115819 PMCID: PMC7594206 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with diabetes have increased risk of periodontal disease, with increased risk of weakening of periodontal ligament and tooth loss. Periodontal ligament is produced and maintained by periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs). We hypothesized that metabolic dysfunction of PDLFs in hyperglycemia produces an accumulation of the reactive glycating agent, methylglyoxal (MG), leading to increased formation of the major advanced glycation endproduct, MG-H1 and PDLF dysfunction. The aim of this study was to assess if there is dicarbonyl stress and functional impairment of human PDLFs in primary culture in high glucose concentration-a model of hyperglycemia, to characterize the metabolic drivers of it and explore remedial intervention by the glyoxalase 1 inducer dietary supplement, trans-resveratrol and hesperetin combination (tRES-HESP). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Human PDLFs were incubated in low and high glucose concentration in vitro. Metabolic and enzymatic markers of MG and glucose control were quantified and related changes in the cytoplasmic proteome and cell function-binding to collagen-I, assessed. Reversal of PDLF dysfunction by tRES-HESP was explored. RESULTS In high glucose concentration cultures, there was a ca. twofold increase in cellular MG, cellular protein MG-H1 content and decreased attachment of PDLFs to collagen-I. This was driven by increased hexokinase-2 linked glucose metabolism and related increased MG formation. Proteomics analysis revealed increased abundance of chaperonins, heat shock proteins (HSPs), Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum transport and ubiquitin E3 ligases involved in misfolded protein degradation in high glucose concentration, consistent with activation of the unfolded protein response by increased misfolded MG-modified proteins. PDLF dysfunction was corrected by tRES-HESP. CONCLUSIONS Increased hexokinase-2 linked glucose metabolism produces dicarbonyl stress, increased MG-modified protein, activation of the unfolded protein response and functional impairment of PDLFs in high glucose concentration. tRES-HESP resolves this at source by correcting increased glucose metabolism and may be of benefit in prevention of diabetic periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ashour
- Speciality Clinics, University Dental Hospital, Taif Dental College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
| | - Mingzhan Xue
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maryam Al-Motawa
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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10
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Thanasrisuebwong P, Kiattavorncharoen S, Surarit R, Phruksaniyom C, Ruangsawasdi N. Red and Yellow Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin Demonstrated Differential Effects on Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Osteogenic Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145153. [PMID: 32708242 PMCID: PMC7404021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological benefits of using two fractions derived from injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) in bone regeneration remain unclear. Thus, the current study examined two fractionation protocols producing yellow i-PRF and red i-PRF on periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). The i-PRF samples from five donors were harvested from two different levels, with and without a buffy coat layer, to obtain red and yellow i-PRF, respectively. The PDLSCs were isolated and characterized before their experimental use. The culture medium in each assay was loaded with 20% of the conditioned medium containing the factors released from the red and yellow i-PRF. Cell proliferation and cell migration were determined with an MTT and trans-well assay, respectively. Osteogenic differentiation was investigated using alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin red staining. The efficiency of both i-PRFs was statistically compared. We found that the factors released from the red i-PRF had a greater effect on cell proliferation and cell migration. Moreover, the factors released from the yellow i-PRF stimulated PDLSC osteogenic differentiation earlier compared with the red i-PRF. These data suggest that the red i-PRF might be suitable for using in bone regeneration because it induced the mobilization and growth of bone regenerative cells without inducing premature mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakan Thanasrisuebwong
- Dental Implant Center, Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Sirichai Kiattavorncharoen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Rudee Surarit
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Chareerut Phruksaniyom
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Nisarat Ruangsawasdi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Correspondence:
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11
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Kadokura H, Yamazaki T, Masuda Y, Kato Y, Hasegawa A, Sakagami H, Yokose S. Establishment of a Primary Culture System of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells that Differentiate into Cementum Protein 1-expressing Cementoblast-like Cells. In Vivo 2019; 33:349-352. [PMID: 30804111 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM A better understanding of cementogenesis and cementoblast differentiation would be useful for periodontal therapy. The aim of this study was to establish a cell culture system that reflects cementum formation in periodontal tissue and determine whether or not isolated and cultured primary human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells could be used for the study of the differentiation of cementoblast. MATERIALS AND METHODS PDL cells were isolated from the outgrowths of tissue fragments of human PDL. PDL cells were incubated for up to 21 days in differentiation medium containing β-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid. The changes in the cells were detected by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and von Kossa staining. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was also performed for cementum protein 1 (CEMP1), which is a specific marker of cementoblasts and their progenitors. RESULTS On day 5, a small number of PDL cells, which were fibrous, were positive for ALP. On day 7, almost all cells were positive for ALP. On day 14, mineralization nodules appeared, as seen by positive von Kossa staining; the nodules increased in number and size by day 21. The expression of CEMP1 was detected on day 5, and its expression level increased gradually by day 7, reached a peak on day 14, and decreased by day 21. CONCLUSION Human PDL cells were used to establish a culture system that reflects cementum formation. Our results suggested that this culture method is convenient and useful for the study of cementogenesis and cementoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kadokura
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterial Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahide Yamazaki
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterial Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Masuda
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterial Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuka Kato
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterial Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hasegawa
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Medical Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakagami
- Meikai University Research Institute of Odontology (M-RIO), Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokose
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterial Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
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12
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Aidoukovitch A, Anders E, Dahl S, Nebel D, Svensson D, Nilsson BO. The host defense peptide LL-37 is internalized by human periodontal ligament cells and prevents LPS-induced MCP-1 production. J Periodontal Res 2019; 54:662-670. [PMID: 31095741 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The human host defense peptide LL-37 both shows antimicrobial effects and modulates host cell properties. Here, we assess the effects of synthesized LL-37 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and investigates underlying mechanisms. BACKGROUND LL-37 has been detected in the periodontal tissues, but its functional importance for PDL cell innate immune responses is not known. METHODS Human PDL cells were obtained from premolars extracted on orthodontic indications. Cellular pro-inflammatory monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA expression was determined using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. MCP-1 protein production was assessed by western blot and ELISA. Internalization of LL-37 by PDL cells was visualized by immunocytochemistry. Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cell (NF-κB) activity was assessed by western blot of phosphorylated p65, phosphorylated p105, and IκBα proteins. Binding of LL-37 to PDL cell DNA was determined by isolation and purification of DNA and dot blot for LL-37 immunoreactivity. RESULTS Treatment with LL-37 (1 µmol/L) for 24 hours prevented LPS-induced stimulation of MCP-1 expression analyzed both on transcript and on protein levels. Stimulation with LL-37 (1 µmol/L) for 24 hours had no effect on toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 transcript expression, suggesting that LL-37 acts downstream of the TLRs. Preincubation with LL-37 for 60 minutes followed by stimulation with LPS for 24 hours in the absence of LL-37 completely prevented LPS-evoked MCP-1 transcript expression, implying that LL-37 acts intracellularly and not via binding and neutralization of LPS. In PDL cells stimulated with LL-37 for 60 minutes, the peptide was internalized as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry, suggesting an intracellular mechanism of action. LL-37 immunoreactivity was observed both in the cytosol and in the nucleus. Downregulation of LPS-induced MCP-1 by LL-37 was not mediated by reduction in NF-κB activity as shown by unaltered expression of phosphorylated p65, phosphorylated p105, and IκBα NF-κB proteins in the presence of LL-37. Immunoreactivity for LL-37 was observed in PDL cell DNA treated with but not without 0.1 and 1 µmol/L LL-37 for 60 minutes in vitro. CONCLUSION LL-37 abolishes LPS-induced MCP-1 production in human PDL cells through an intracellular, NF-κB-independent mechanism which probably involves direct interaction between LL-37 and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Aidoukovitch
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Folktandvården Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Anders
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Dahl
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Nebel
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Svensson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bengt-Olof Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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13
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Chukkapalli SS, Lele TP. Periodontal cell mechanotransduction. Open Biol 2019; 8:rsob.180053. [PMID: 30209038 PMCID: PMC6170509 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontium is a structurally and functionally complex tissue that facilitates the anchorage of teeth in jaws. The periodontium consists of various cell types including stem cells, fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Cells of the periodontium are constantly exposed to mechanical stresses generated by biological processes such as the chewing motions of teeth, by flows generated by tongue motions and by forces generated by implants. Mechanical stresses modulate the function of cells in the periodontium, and may play a significant role in the development of periodontal disease. Here, we review the literature on the effect of mechanical forces on periodontal cells in health and disease with an emphasis on molecular and cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasanka S Chukkapalli
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Molecular Microbiology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Tanmay P Lele
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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14
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Zheng J, Chen S, Albiero M, Vieira G, Wang J, Feng J, Graves D. Diabetes Activates Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts via NF-κB In Vivo. J Dent Res 2018; 97:580-588. [PMID: 29439598 PMCID: PMC5958371 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518755697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increases periodontitis and pathogenicity of the oral microbiome. To further understand mechanisms through which diabetes affects periodontitis, we examined its impact on periodontal ligament fibroblasts in vivo and in vitro. Periodontitis was induced by inoculation of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in normoglycemic and diabetic mice. Diabetes, induced by multiple low-dose injections of streptozotocin increased osteoclast numbers and recruitment of neutrophils to the periodontal ligament, which could be accounted for by increased CXC motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression by these cells. Diabetes also stimulated a significant increase in nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression and activation in periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts. Surprisingly, we found that PDL fibroblasts express a 2.3-kb regulatory unit of Col1α1 (collagen type 1, alpha 1) promoter typical of osteoblasts. Diabetes-enhanced CXCL2 and RANKL expression in PDL fibroblasts was rescued in transgenic mice with lineage-specific NF-κB inhibition controlled by this regulatory element. In vitro, high glucose increased NF-κB transcriptional activity, NF-κB nuclear localization, and RANKL expression in PDL fibroblasts, which was reduced by NF-κB inhibition. Thus, diabetes induces changes in PDL fibroblast gene expression that can enhance neutrophil recruitment and bone resorption, which may be explained by high glucose-induced NF-κB activation. Furthermore, PDL fibroblasts express a regulatory element in vivo that is typical of committed osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of
Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Periodontics, School of
Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S. Chen
- Department of Periodontics, School of
Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing
Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - M.L. Albiero
- Department of Prosthodontics and
Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba,
Brazil
| | - G.H.A. Vieira
- Department of Oral Surgery and
Periodontology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo,
Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - J. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of
Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences,
College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J.Q. Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences,
College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D.T. Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of
Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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15
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Han Y, Wang X, Ma D, Wu X, Yang P, Zhang J. Ipriflavone promotes proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells by activating GPR30/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:137-148. [PMID: 29391778 PMCID: PMC5768194 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s148457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This study was performed to investigate the effects and mechanism of ipriflavone (IP) on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells in vitro and periodontal tissue remodeling following orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in vivo. Materials and methods Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) were cultured in vitro and cell counting kit-8, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, plate clone formation assay, and alizarin red staining were used to test proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs. What is more, the expression of ALP, Runx2, and GPR30 was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. To find out if PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was involved in the process, AKT and p-AKT were examined by Western blot. LY294002 (PI3K signaling pathway inhibitor) and small interfering RNA targeting GPR30 mRNA (siGPR30) were used to verify the function of GPR30-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway in this process. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomized into 2 groups, the control group with force application and the IP group with force application plus IP. Morphological changes in the periodontal tissue between roots of teeth were investigated using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and bone morphogenetic protein-2 was detected to assess bone remodeling by immunohistochemical staining. Results In vitro, 10−7 M IP was selected significantly promoting proliferation, ALP activity, colony forming efficiency, and mineral deposition (P<0.05) on hPDLCs. Gene expressions of ALP, Runx2, GPR30, and p-AKT were all upregulated than the control group (P<0.05). According to the mechanism, promotion of ALP and Runx2 interdicted by LY294002 and siGPR30 reduced the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, HE staining and immunohistochemical staining results showed that the IP group had more new bone formation in the periodontal tissue compared to the control group in vivo. Conclusion IP can promote the expression of ALP and Runx2 which was probably related to the GPR30-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, IP coordination seemed to have the potential to prevent relapsing following OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Xuxia Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Panpan Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan
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16
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Mino C, Iwata T, Kawata T. Adhesion of human periodontal ligament cells by three-dimensional culture to the sterilized root surface of extracted human teeth. J Oral Sci 2017; 59:365-371. [PMID: 28904312 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Residual periodontal ligament (PDL) and cement mass on the roots of extracted teeth are factors that considerably affect tooth transplantation. Therefore, when normal extracted teeth are used for autologous transplantation, it is necessary to regenerate the PDL of the root surface. Here we describe a method to examine human PDL cell adhesion on sterilized root surfaces. Sample teeth were extracted during orthodontic treatment. PDL cells were obtained from healthy periodontal tissue explants from teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. We developed a method for adhering PDL cells to sterile root surfaces using three-dimensional culture for 3 weeks. We evaluated the adhesion of human PDL cells to the sterilized root surfaces biochemically and histologically. The adherent PDL cells presented new projections on the sterile root surfaces. Therefore, PDL cells can adhere to sterile root surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Mino
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Kanagawa Dental University
| | - Toshio Iwata
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Kanagawa Dental University
| | - Toshitsugu Kawata
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Kanagawa Dental University
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17
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Ern C, Berger T, Frasheri I, Heym R, Hickel R, Folwaczny M. Differentiation of hMSC and hPDLSC induced by PGE2 or BMP-7 in 3D models. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 122:30-37. [PMID: 28735626 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative therapies of pathogenic tissue defects are gaining increasing importance in periodontology. Among others, the osteogenic effect of BMP-7 seems to play a major role in the development of teeth and alveolar bone. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSC), as well as human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), show the ability to differentiate into various types of tissues. Regarding prostaglandin E2, many studies have confirmed that it is involved in the inflammation associated to periodontitis stimulating osteoclasts, which ultimately leads to resorption of tooth supporting bone. Herein, we aimed to investigate how PGE2 influences regenerative processes. The influence of PGE2 and BMP-7 on the osteogenic differentiation of hMSC and hPDLSC was determined in a 3D cell culture model using qRT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and REM. BMP-7 enhanced the expression of osteogenic markers in hMSC and lowered it in hPDLSC-TERT. BMP-7 had a lower osteogenic effect on hPDLSC-hTERT than on hMSC, while PGE2 decreases the osteogenic differentiation in both cell types, thus, inhibiting anabolic processes. Both cell types presented good proliferation and adhesion onto the scaffolds. The well-developed structural morphology and the support of osteogenic differentiation suggest that the scaffolds are potential candidate materials for bone regeneration. The positivity for Cap in hPDLSC and more in hMSC immunostaining samples indicates the initiation of neocementogenesis as part of periodontal regeneration. In conclusion, BMP7, in particular combined with MSC, seems to have a favourable application also in periodontal regeneration. Our results show that inflammation plays an important role in periodontal regeneration. PGE2 is a key mediator, which stimulates bone resorption also via a mechanism involving the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation of MSC as well as PDLSC. Therefore, regenerative approaches should always be conducted in combination with anti-inflammatory measures oriented to control inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ern
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany.
| | - Tamara Berger
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
| | - Iris Frasheri
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany.
| | - Richard Heym
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany.
| | - Matthias Folwaczny
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany.
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Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor regulates human periodontal ligament cell production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:823-831. [PMID: 28597116 PMCID: PMC5529494 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Regulation of immune-like cell properties of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells is not understood. We investigate the importance of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) for production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human PDL cells. Materials and methods PDL cells were isolated from teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. Cellular location of SLPI was investigated by immunocytochemistry. Cytokine transcript and protein expression were assessed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. SLPI gene activity was knocked-down by siRNA. NF-κB signaling was assessed by measuring IκBα, and phosphorylated p65 and p105 protein expression. Results PDL cells showed cytoplasmic expression of SLPI. Cellular expression level of SLPI negatively correlated to LPS-induced stimulation of IL-6 and MCP-1. Both SLPI gene activity and protein were reduced by about 70% in PDL cells treated with SLPI siRNA compared to cells treated with non-coding construct. Treatment with SLPI siRNA was associated with up-regulation of both basal and LPS-stimulated IL-6, MCP-1 and TLRs mRNA expression. The up-regulation of MCP-1 transcript in SLPI siRNA-treated cells was confirmed on protein level. SLPI siRNA-treatment enhanced the phosphorylated NF-κB p105 protein expression. Conclusions SLPI regulates PDL cell pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and modulates NF-κB signaling, suggesting that SLPI governs the immune cell-like properties of PDL cells.
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Konishi A, Takeda K, Fujita T, Kajiya M, Matsuda S, Kittaka M, Shiba H, Kurihara H. Sequential process in brain-derived neurotrophic factor-induced functional periodontal tissue regeneration. Eur J Oral Sci 2016; 124:141-50. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Konishi
- Division of Frontier Medical Science; Department of Periodontal Medicine; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Takeda
- Division of Frontier Medical Science; Department of Periodontal Medicine; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fujita
- Division of Frontier Medical Science; Department of Periodontal Medicine; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Division of Frontier Medical Science; Department of Periodontal Medicine; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Shinji Matsuda
- Division of Frontier Medical Science; Department of Periodontal Medicine; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Mizuho Kittaka
- Division of Frontier Medical Science; Department of Periodontal Medicine; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hideki Shiba
- Division of Frontier Medical Science; Department of Periodontal Medicine; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hidemi Kurihara
- Division of Frontier Medical Science; Department of Periodontal Medicine; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
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Dhillon H, Kaushik M, Sharma R. Regenerative endodontics--Creating new horizons. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:676-85. [PMID: 26699211 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Trauma to the dental pulp, physical or microbiologic, can lead to inflammation of the pulp followed by necrosis. The current treatment modality for such cases is non-surgical root canal treatment. The damaged tissue is extirpated and the root canal system prepared. It is then obturated with an inert material such a gutta percha. In spite of advances in techniques and materials, 10%-15% of the cases may end in failure of treatment. Regenerative endodontics combines principles of endodontics, cell biology, and tissue engineering to provide an ideal treatment for inflamed and necrotic pulp. It utilizes mesenchymal stem cells, growth factors, and organ tissue culture to provide treatment. Potential treatment modalities include induction of blood clot for pulp revascularization, scaffold aided regeneration, and pulp implantation. Although in its infancy, successful treatment of damaged pulp tissue has been performed using principles of regenerative endodontics. This field is dynamic and exciting with the ability to shape the future of endodontics. This article highlights the fundamental concepts, protocol for treatment, and possible avenues for research in regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harnoor Dhillon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India
| | - Mamta Kaushik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India
| | - Roshni Sharma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India
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Kashiwai K, Kajiya M, Matsuda S, Ouhara K, Takeda K, Takata T, Kitagawa M, Fujita T, Shiba H, Kurihara H. Distinction Between Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis Signals Regulated by Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells and Gingival Epithelial Cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:1543-55. [PMID: 26581032 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) enhances periodontal tissue regeneration by inducing periodontal ligament cell proliferation in vivo. In addition, the down growth of gingival epithelial cells, which comprises a major obstacle to the regeneration, was not observed. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of BDNF on cell proliferation and apoptosis in human periodontal ligament (HPL) cells and human gingival epithelial cells (OBA9 cells) and to explore the molecular mechanism in vitro. HPL cells dominantly expressed a BDNF receptor, TrkB, and BDNF increased cell proliferation and ERK phosphorylation. However, its proliferative effect was diminished by a MEK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) and TrkB siRNA transfection. Otherwise, OBA9 cells showed a higher expression level of p75, which is a pan-neurotrophin receptor, than that of HPL cells. BDNF facilitated not cell proliferation but cell apoptosis and JNK phosphorylation in OBA9 cells. A JNK inhibitor (SP600125) and p75 siRNA transfection attenuated the BDNF-induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, OBA9 cells pretreated with SP600125 or p75 siRNA showed cell proliferation by BDNF stimulation, though it was reduced by U0126 and TrkB siRNA. Interestingly, overexpression of p75 in HPL cells upregulated cell apoptosis and JNK phosphorylation by BDNF treatment. These results indicated that TrkB-ERK signaling regulates BDNF-induced cell proliferation, whereas p75-JNK signaling plays roles in cell apoptotic and cytostatic effect of BDNF. Overall, BDNF activates periodontal ligament cells proliferation and inhibits the gingival epithelial cells growth via the distinct pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1543-1555, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kashiwai
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsuda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ouhara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Takeda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Takata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masae Kitagawa
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fujita
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Shiba
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kurihara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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Albiero ML, Amorim BR, Martins L, Casati MZ, Sallum EA, Nociti FH, Silvério KG. Exposure of periodontal ligament progenitor cells to lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli changes osteoblast differentiation pattern. J Appl Oral Sci 2015; 23:145-52. [PMID: 26018305 PMCID: PMC4428458 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (PDLMSCs) are an important alternative source of adult stem cells and may be applied for periodontal tissue regeneration, neuroregenerative medicine, and heart valve tissue engineering. However, little is known about the impact of bacterial toxins on the biological properties of PDLSMSCs, including self-renewal, differentiation, and synthesis of extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Laino Albiero
- Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Rabelo Amorim
- Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Martins
- Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio Zaffalon Casati
- Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Enilson Antonio Sallum
- Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Humberto Nociti
- Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Gonzales Silvério
- Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Jian C, Li C, Ren Y, He Y, Li Y, Feng X, Zhang G, Tan Y. Hypoxia augments lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine expression in periodontal ligament cells. Inflammation 2015; 37:1413-23. [PMID: 24609838 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of tooth supporting tissues. Hypoxia, the mainly changes of the plateau environment, can induce severe periodontitis by animal experiments. There is, however, very little information on hypoxia and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced cytokine expression in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. In this article, we characterized hypoxia or P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg LPS) induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 expression by human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. We found that hypoxia augmented Pg LPS induced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression in hPDL cells. We also demonstrated that nuclear factor kappa B pathway was involved in hypoxia augmenting Pg LPS induced cytokine expression in hPDL cells. Thus, our results suggest that the hypoxic environment may enhance the immune function of hPDL cells that is induced by Pg LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congxiang Jian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Xinqiaozheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
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Cavalla F, Osorio C, Paredes R, Valenzuela MA, García-Sesnich J, Sorsa T, Tervahartiala T, Hernández M. Matrix metalloproteinases regulate extracellular levels of SDF-1/CXCL12, IL-6 and VEGF in hydrogen peroxide-stimulated human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Cytokine 2015; 73:114-21. [PMID: 25748833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent infectious disease characterized by the progressive inflammatory destruction of tooth-supporting structures, leading to tooth loss. The underling molecular mechanisms of the disease are incompletely understood, precluding the development of more efficient screening, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. We investigated the interrelation of three known effector mechanisms of the cellular response to periodontal infection, namely reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cytokines in primary cell cultures of human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF). We demonstrated that ROS increase the activity/levels of gelatinolytic MMPs, and stimulate cytokine secretion in hPDLF. Additionally, we proved that MMPs possesses immune modulatory capacity, regulating the secreted levels of cytokines in ROS-stimulated hPDLF cultures. This evidence provides further insight in the molecular pathogenesis of periodontitis, contributing to the future development of more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cavalla
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Osorio
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Paredes
- Escuela Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Antonieta Valenzuela
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jocelyn García-Sesnich
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Institute of Dentistry University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Marcela Hernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Wu W, Yang N, Feng X, Sun T, Shen P, Sun W. Effect of vitamin C administration on hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity in periodontal ligament cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:242-8. [PMID: 25333298 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a disease, which is associated with chronic inflammation and leads to significant destruction of periodontal tissues. Periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) constitute the largest cell population in PDL tissues and a considerable body of evidence has demonstrated an association between oxidative stress and the progression of periodontitis. However, the effects on PDLCs exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the molecular mechanisms by which H2O2 affects periodontitis remain to be elucidated. In the present study, the potential cytotoxic effect of H2O2 and the antioxidative function of vitamin C (Vc) in PDLCs were investigated. The results demonstrated that H2O2 treatment decreased the viability of PDLCs. The decreased PDLC viability was primarily induced by apoptosis, which was evidenced by cleaved caspases-3, caspases-9 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Following optimal Vc addition, the proapoptotic effects of H2O2 were partially antagonized. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that H2O2 primarily induced the apoptosis of PDLCs and that these adverse effects were partially rescued following treatment with Vc. These results revealed how H2O2 promotes the progression of periodontitis and provide an improved understanding of the reversal effect of antioxidant treatment. Therefore, optimal Vc administration may provide a potentially effective technique in periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Wu
- Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Nanfei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Xiujing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Tingzhe Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui 246000, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Weibin Sun
- Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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Chung JH, Kim YS, Noh K, Lee YM, Chang SW, Kim EC. Deferoxamine promotes osteoblastic differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-mediated antioxidant signaling pathway. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:563-73. [PMID: 24111577 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Recently it was reported that deferoxamine (DFO), an iron chelator, stimulates bone formation from MG63 and mesenchymal stem cells, but inhibits differentiation in rat calvarial cells; however, the effect of DFO on osteoblastic differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and the possible underlying mechanism of DFO on osteoblastic differentiation of hPDLCs. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effect of DFO on osteoblast differentiation was determined by the staining intensity of calcium deposits with Alizarin red and by RT-PCR analysis of the expression of osteoblastic markers. Signal transduction pathways were analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS DFO increased osteogenic differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner by expression of the mRNA for differentiation markers and calcium nodule formation. Exposure of hPDLCs to DFO resulted in increases in the production of reactive oxygen species and in the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) protein in nuclear extractions, as well as a dose-dependent increase in the expression of Nrf2 target genes, including glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase, γ-glutamylcysteine lygase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase. Pretreatment with Nrf2 small interfering RNA, GSH depletion by buthionine sulfoximine and diethyl maleate, and with antioxidants by N-acetylcysteine and vitamin E, blocked DFO-stimulated osteoblastic differentiation. Furthermore, pretreatment with GSH depletion and antioxidants blocked DFO-induced p38 MAPK, ERK, JNK and nuclear factor-kappaB pathways. CONCLUSION These data indicate, for the first time, that nontoxic DFO promotes osteoblastic differentiation of hPDLCs via modulation of the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Chung
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Padial-Molina M, Volk SL, Rios HF. Periostin increases migration and proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts challenged by tumor necrosis factor -α and Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharides. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:405-14. [PMID: 23919658 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the chronic established periodontal lesion, the proliferation and migration potential of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells are significantly compromised. Thus, the progressive loss of tissue integrity is favored and normal healing and regeneration compromised. Periostin, a known PDL marker, modulates cell-matrix interactions, cell behavior, as well as the matrix biomechanics and PDL homeostasis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether periostin restores the regenerative potential of PDL cells in terms of proliferation, migration, and activation of survival signaling pathways after being challenged by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharides and tumor necrosis factor alpha α. METHODS Human PDL (hPDL) cells were cultured under different conditions: control, periostin (50 or 100 ng/mL), and fibroblast growth factor 2 (10 ng/mL) to evaluate cell proliferation (by Ki67), cell migration (by scratch assays) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation (by western blot analyses of total AKT, phospho-AKT and PS6). A different set of cultures was challenged by adding tumor necrosis factor alpha α (10 ng/mL) and P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharides (200 ng/mL) to evaluate the effects of periostin as described above. RESULTS Periostin significantly increased cell proliferation (twofold), migration (especially at earlier time points and low dose) and activation of survival signaling pathway (higher phosphorylation of AKT and PS6). Furthermore, periostin promoted similar cellular effects even after being challenged with proinflammatory cytokines and bacterial virulence factors. CONCLUSION Periostin acts as an important modulator of hPDL cell-matrix dynamics. It modulates hPDL proliferation, migration and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. It also helps in overcoming the altered biological phenotype that chronic exposure to periodontal pathogens and proinflammatory cytokines produce in hPDL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Padial-Molina
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Jian CX, Liu XF, Hu J, Li CJ, Zhang G, Li Y, Zhu JW, Tan YH. 20-Hydroxyecdysone-induced bone morphogenetic protein-2-dependent osteogenic differentiation through the ERK pathway in human periodontal ligament stem cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 698:48-56. [PMID: 23397605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
20-Hydroxyecdysone, an ecdysteroid hormone, can induce osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLS cells) have mesenchymal-stem-cell-like qualities and are considered as one of the candidates of future clinical application in periodontitis treatment. However, there are no studies describing the effect of 20-Hydroxyecdysone on PDLS cells. In this paper, we report a detailed study on the effect of 20-Hydroxyecdysone on PDLS cell proliferation in vitro. PDLS cells were developed from human PDL cells and were treated with 20-Hydroxyecdysone to understand different aspects of its effects. 20-Hydroxyecdysone promoted PDLS cell proliferation; significantly increased the gene expression levels of runt-related transcription factor 2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen, and osteocalcin. Moreover, 20-Hydroxyecdysone enhanced bone formation by PDLS cells and significantly increased bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) mRNA and protein expression. However, 20-Hydroxyecdysonemediated increase in ALP activity was blocked with a BMP-2-specific neutralizing antibody or with the antagonist noggin; and20-Hydroxyecdysone mediated induction of BMP-2 expression and increase of ALP activity were abolished by the extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) MAPK pathway inhibitor PD98059. 20-Hydroxyecdysone also increased the phosphorylation of ERK. These findings provide evidence to state that 20-Hydroxyecdysone stimulates cell proliferation and induces osteogenic differentiation through the induction of BMP-2 expression in PDLS cells. It also shows that the ERK pathway is involved in 20-Hydroxyecdysone induced BMP-2 expression and osteogenic differentiation. These results are suggesting its potential as a drug for periodontal regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Xiang Jian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
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Liao W, Okada M, Sakamoto F, Okita N, Inami K, Nishiura A, Hashimoto Y, Matsumoto N. In vitro human periodontal ligament-like tissue formation with porous poly-L-lactide matrix. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:3273-80. [PMID: 23706210 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish an in vitro human periodontal ligament-like tissue (HPdLLT) by three-dimensional culturing of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLFs) in a porous poly-L-lactide (PLLA) matrix modified hydrophilically with ammonia solution. After ammonia modification, the surface roughness and culture-medium-soaking-up ability of the PLLA matrix increased, whereas the contact angle of water drops decreased. The thickness, porosity, and pore size of the PLLA matrix were 400±50 μm, 83.3%, and 75-150 μm, respectively. HPdLFs (1×10(5) cells) were seeded on the modified PLLA matrix and centrifuged to facilitate seeding into its interior and cultured for 14 days. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation, proliferation assay, picrosirius-red staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for type-1 collagen (COL1), periodontal ligament associated protein-1 (PLAP-1), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) mRNA were conducted on days 1, 3, 7, and 14. HPdLFs were observed entirely from the surface to the rear side of the matrix. Cell proliferation analysis, SEM observation, and picrosirius-red staining showed both progressive growth of 3D-cultured HPdLFs and extracellular matrix maturation by the secretion of COL1 and type 3 collagen (COL3) from days 1 to 14. Expressions of COL1, PLAP-1, and FGF-2 mRNA suggested the formation of cellular components and supplementation of extracellular components. Expressions of ALP, COL1, and PLAP-1 mRNA suggested the osteogenic potential of the HPdLLT. The results indicated in vitro HPdLLT formation, and it could be used in future periodontal ligament tissue engineering to achieve optimal periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liao
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata-shi, Osaka-fu, Japan
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Fujita T, Shiba H, Van Dyke TE, Kurihara H. Differential effects of growth factors and cytokines on the synthesis of SPARC, DNA, fibronectin and alkaline phosphatase activity in human periodontal ligament cells. Cell Biol Int 2013; 28:281-6. [PMID: 15109984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2003.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2003] [Revised: 12/23/2003] [Accepted: 12/26/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors and cytokines play an important role in tissue development and repair. However, it remains unknown how they act on proliferation and differentiation of periodontal ligament cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of several growth factors and cytokines on the synthesis of DNA, alkaline phosphatase (ALPase), fibronectin, and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in human periodontal ligament (HPL) cells. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) increased the synthesis of DNA, fibronectin and SPARC, whereas it decreased ALPase activity. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) decreased SPARC and ALPase levels, whereas these peptides increased DNA synthesis and did not affect fibronectin synthesis. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) up-regulated the synthesis of DNA and fibronectin and inhibited SPARC and ALPase levels. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) decreased the synthesis of DNA, ALPase, fibronectin and SPARC. These findings demonstrate that TGF-beta, bFGF, EGF, PDGF, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta have characteristically different patterns of action on DNA, SPARC, fibronectin and ALPase synthesis by HPL cells. The differences in regulation of function of periodontal ligament cells by these peptides may be involved in the regeneration and repair of periodontal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Fujita
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
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Li R, Li X, Zhou M, Han N, Zhang Q. Quantitative determination of matrix Gla protein (MGP) and BMP-2 during the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1408-17. [PMID: 22871356 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Matrix Gla protein (MGP) has been recognized as a potent calcification inhibitor and a regulator for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a non-mineralized connective tissue located between two mineralized tissues, the cementum and the alveolar bone. However, the mechanism by which PDL prevents mineralization has yet to be defined. This study aims to examine the expression pattern of MGP and BMP-2 during human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) osteogenic differentiation in vitro, preliminarily exploring their roles in this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS hPDLCs were obtained and cultured in mineralizing medium. The expression of MGP and BMP-2 was confirmed by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. In the process of osteogenic induction, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, extracelluar calcium deposition, and mineralized nodules were measured. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was performed to evaluate mRNA expression of MGP, BMP-2 and osteogenic marker genes, including ALP, bone sialoprotein (BSP), type I collagen (COLI), osteocalcin (OCN), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). The protein expression of MGP and BMP-2 was analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS Co-localization of MGP and BMP-2 was visualized in hPDLCs. After osteogenic induction, ALP activity, calcium deposition, mineralized nodules, and osteogenic marker genes were significantly up-regulated. mRNA expression of MGP and BMP-2 generally decreased, although MGP mRNA increased on day 14 and 21 compared with the control, and protein expression of MGP and BMP-2 was down-regulated. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that MGP might regulate hPDLCs osteogenic differentiation which might keep a potential relationship with BMP-2 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
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Tanimoto K, Kunimatsu R, Tanne Y, Huang YC, Michida M, Yoshimi Y, Miyauchi M, Takata T, Tanne K. Differential Effects of Amelogenin on Mineralization of Cementoblasts and Periodontal Ligament Cells. J Periodontol 2012; 83:672-9. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2011.110408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Suaid FF, Ribeiro FV, Gomes TRLES, Silvério KG, Carvalho MD, Nociti FH, Casati MZ, Sallum EA. Autologous periodontal ligament cells in the treatment of class III furcation defects: a study in dogs. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39:377-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2012.01858.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabricia Ferreira Suaid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics; Division of Periodontics; School of Dentistry at Piracicaba; State University of Campinas; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Fernanda Vieira Ribeiro
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics; Division of Periodontics; School of Dentistry at Piracicaba; State University of Campinas; São Paulo; Brazil
| | | | - Karina Gonzales Silvério
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics; Division of Periodontics; School of Dentistry at Piracicaba; State University of Campinas; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Marcelo Diniz Carvalho
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics; Division of Periodontics; School of Dentistry at Manaus; State University of Amazonas; Amazonas; Brazil
| | - Francisco Humberto Nociti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics; Division of Periodontics; School of Dentistry at Piracicaba; State University of Campinas; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Marcio Zaffalon Casati
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics; Division of Periodontics; School of Dentistry at Piracicaba; State University of Campinas; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Enilson Antônio Sallum
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics; Division of Periodontics; School of Dentistry at Piracicaba; State University of Campinas; São Paulo; Brazil
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Choi MH, Noh WC, Park JW, Lee JM, Suh JY. Gene expression pattern during osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells in vitro. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2011; 41:167-75. [PMID: 21954421 PMCID: PMC3175496 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2011.41.4.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Periodontal ligament (PDL) cell differentiation into osteoblasts is important in bone formation. Bone formation is a complex biological process and involves several tightly regulated gene expression patterns of bone-related proteins. The expression patterns of bone related proteins are regulated in a temporal manner both in vivo and in vitro. The aim of this study was to observe the gene expression profile in PDL cell proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization in vitro. Methods PDL cells were grown until confluence, which were then designated as day 0, and nodule formation was induced by the addition of 50 µg/mL ascorbic acid, 10 mM β-glycerophosphate, and 100 nM dexamethasone to the medium. The dishes were stained with Alizarin Red S on days 1, 7, 14, and 21. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for the detection of various genes on days 0, 1, 7, 14, and 21. Results On day 0 with a confluent monolayer, in the active proliferative stage, c-myc gene expression was observed at its maximal level. On day 7 with a multilayer, alkaline phosphatase, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, and BMP-4 gene expression had increased and this was followed by maximal expression of osteocalcin on day 14 with the initiation of nodule mineralization. In relationship to apoptosis, c-fos gene expression peaked on day 21 and was characterized by the post-mineralization stage. Here, various genes were regulated in a temporal manner during PDL fibroblast proliferation, extracellular matrix maturation, and mineralization. The gene expression pattern was similar. Conclusions We can speculate that the gene expression pattern occurs during PDL cell proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. On the basis of these results, it might be possible to understand the various factors that influence PDL cell proliferation, extracellular matrix maturation, and mineralization with regard to gene expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hye Choi
- Department of Periodontology, Kyungpook National University School of Dentistry, Daegu, Korea
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Suaid FF, Ribeiro FV, Rodrigues TL, Silvério KG, Carvalho MD, Nociti FH, Casati MZ, Sallum EA. Autologous periodontal ligament cells in the treatment of class II furcation defects: a study in dogs. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38:491-8. [PMID: 21392047 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM The goal of this study was to histologically investigate the use of periodontal ligament cells (PDL cells) in tissue engineering to regenerate class II furcation defects. MATERIAL AND METHODS PDL cells were obtained from the mandibular tooth extracted from each dog (seven), cultured in vitro and phenotypically characterized with regard to their biological properties. Following, bilateral class II furcation lesions were created at maxillary 3rd premolars and were randomly assigned to the test group [PDL cells+guided tissue regeneration (GTR)] or the control group (GTR). After 3 months, the animals were euthanized to evaluate the histometric parameters. RESULTS In vitro, PDL cells were able to promote mineral nodule formation and to express bone sialoprotein, type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase. Histometrically, data analysis demonstrated that the cell-treated group presented a superior length of new cementum (6.00 ± 1.50 and 8.08 ± 1.08 mm), a greater extension of periodontal regeneration (3.94 ± 1.20 and 7.28 ± 1.00 mm), a lower formation of connective tissue/epithelium (2.15 ± 1.92 and 0.60 ± 0.99 mm), a larger area of new bone (7.01 ± 0.61 and 9.02 ± 2.30 mm(2)) and a smaller area of connective tissue/epithelium (5.90 ± 1.67 and 4.22 ± 0.95 mm(2)), when compared with control group. CONCLUSION PDL cells in association with GTR may significantly promote periodontal regeneration in class II furcation defects in dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricia Ferreira Suaid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry at Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Takeda K, Sakai N, Shiba H, Nagahara T, Fujita T, Kajiya M, Iwata T, Matsuda S, Kawahara K, Kawaguchi H, Kurihara H. Characteristics of high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid as a brain-derived neurotrophic factor scaffold in periodontal tissue regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:955-67. [PMID: 21091323 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), for which bovine collagen-derived atelocollagen is used as a scaffold, enhances periodontal tissue regeneration. However, a scaffold that does not contain unknown ingredients is preferable. Since the synthesized high-molecular-weight (HMW)-hyaluronic acid (HA) is safe and inexpensive, we evaluated the efficacy of HMW-HA as a BDNF scaffold. CD44, a major receptor of HA, was expressed in cultures of human periodontal ligament cells, and HMW-HA promoted the adhesion and proliferation of human periodontal ligament cells, although it did not influence the mRNA expression of bone (cementum)-related proteins. The in vitro release kinetics of BDNF from HMW-HA showed that BDNF release was sustained for 14 days. Subsequently, we examined the effect of BDNF/HMW-HA complex on periodontal tissue regeneration in dogs. A greater volume of newly formed alveolar bone and a longer newly formed cementum were observed in the BDNF/HMW-HA group than in the HMW-HA group, suggesting that HMW-HA assists the regenerative capacity of BDNF, although HMW-HA itself does not enhance periodontal tissue regeneration. Neither the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) group nor the BDNF/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) group enhanced periodontal tissue regeneration. In conclusion, HMW-HA is an adequate scaffold for the clinical application of BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Takeda
- Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Mamalis A, Markopoulou C, Lagou A, Vrotsos I. Oestrogen regulates proliferation, osteoblastic differentiation, collagen synthesis and periostin gene expression in human periodontal ligament cells through oestrogen receptor beta. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 56:446-55. [PMID: 21130420 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to examine how oestrogen regulates proliferation, osteoblastic differentiation, collagen synthesis and periostin gene expression in primary human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. DESIGN The short interfering RNA (siRNA) technique was used to inhibit oestrogen receptor beta (ERβ) expression hPDL cells. hPDL cell were isolated and fully characterized. A colorimetric assay was applied for the determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). An ELISA kit was used to detect osteocalcin (OCN) levels. Collagen synthesis was determined by measuring the incorporation of L-[3H] praline. RT-PCR was performed to detection of periostin mRNA relative gene expression. RESULTS ERβ mRNA was expressed in hPDL cells and significant inhibition of mRNA expression and ERβ mature protein of the ERβ was evident in the siRNA group. At 72h, there was a significant increase in non-transfected hPDL cell proliferation after estradiol stimulation. Addition of 17β-estradiol significantly enhanced ALP activity and production of OCN in non-transfected cells but had no effect on collagen synthesis. A clear increase in periostin mRNA expression levels was observed after incubating hPDL cells with estradiol. In hPDL-siERβ cells, the application of estradiol did not produce any evident differences in periostin mRNA expression CONCLUSIONS ERβ may play important roles in oestrogen-induced effects on hPDL cell proliferation, osteoblastic differentiation and expression of key molecules for the functional and structural integrity of the periodontium (i.e. periostin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Mamalis
- Department of Periodontics, Dental School, University of Texas, Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
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Jönsson D, Nebel D, Bratthall G, Nilsson BO. The human periodontal ligament cell: a fibroblast-like cell acting as an immune cell. J Periodontal Res 2010; 46:153-7. [PMID: 21118418 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal ligament cells are fibroblast-like cells characterized by collagen production but also possessing some osteoblastic features. In the light of numerous studies presented during recent times, which show that human periodontal ligament cells also produce cytokines and chemokines in response to inflammation promoters, it is reasonable to suggest that periodontal ligament cells play a role as promoters of periodontal inflammation through these mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS The periodontal ligament, which harbours the periodontal ligament cells, is a part of the attachment apparatus comprised of periodontal ligament cells, extracellular matrix and fibres, attaching the root cement to the alveolar bone. Periodontal ligament cells are in close proximity to bacteria within the plaque and the pocket, and thus these cells are readily accessible to bacterial endotoxins and other promoters of inflammation. RESULTS Cytokines and chemokines, released by periodontal ligament cells upon stimulation with inflammation promoters, reach the blood vessels easily thanks to rich vascularization of the periodontium stimulating recruitment of white blood cells to the site of inflammation. In addition to classical inflammatory cells, such as leucocytes, macrophages and mast cells, the periodontal ligament cells also contribute to periodontal inflammation via their production and release of cytokines and chemokines. CONCLUSION Therefore, pharmacological treatment of periodontitis should aim to reduce the release of proinflammatory agents not only from classical inflammatory cells but also from periodontal ligament cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jönsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Zhou Q, Zhao ZN, Cheng JT, Zhang B, Xu J, Huang F, Zhao RN, Chen YJ. Ibandronate promotes osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells by regulating the expression of microRNAs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 404:127-32. [PMID: 21108928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BPs) have a profound effect on bone resorption and are widely used to treat osteoclast-mediated bone diseases. They suppress bone resorption by inhibiting the activity of mature osteoclasts and/or the formation of new osteoclasts. Osteoblasts may be an alternative target for BPs. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) exhibit osteoblast-like features and are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts or cementoblasts. This study aimed to determine the effects of ibandronate, a nitrogen-containing BP, on the proliferation and the differentiation of PDLSCs and to identify the microRNAs (miRNAs) that mediate these effects. The PDLSCs were treated with ibandronate, and cell proliferation was measured using the MTT (3-dimethylthiazol-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The expression of genes and miRNAs involved in osteoblastic differentiation was assayed using quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Ibandronate promoted the proliferation of PDLSCs and enhanced the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen (COL-1), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin (OCN), and Runx2. The expression of miRNAs, including miR-18a, miR-133a, miR-141 and miR-19a, was significantly altered in the PDLSCs cultured with ibandronate. In PDLSCs, ibandronate regulates the expression of diverse bone formation-related genes via miRNAs. The exact mechanism underlying the role of ibandronate in osteoblasts has not been completely understood. Ibandronate may suppress the activity of osteoclasts while promoting the proliferation of osteoblasts by regulating the expression of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhou
- Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, College of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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Kitagawa M, Kitagawa S, Nagasaki A, Miyauchi M, Uchida T, Takata T. Synthetic ameloblastin peptide stimulates differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 56:374-9. [PMID: 21074142 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effect of the N-terminal region of a synthetic porcine ameloblastin peptide on the proliferation and differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (PDLC). DESIGN We used a cell counter to assess the effect of ameloblastin peptides on the proliferation of PDLC. To investigate the effect of ameloblastin peptides on the differentiation of PDLC, we examined quantitative analysis of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity by the Bessey-Lowry enzymological method, mineral nodule formation by Dahl's method, and expression of mineralization-related genes by RT-PCR. We used an anti-ameloblastin antibody to determine whether stimulation of ALP activity was caused by the peptide. RESULTS At all concentrations examined, the effect of the ameloblastin peptide on cell proliferation was not significantly different compared with the control. However, the peptide significantly stimulated ALP activity in a dose-dependent manner. ALP activity was significantly inhibited by an anti-ameloblastin antibody, which caused ALP levels to revert to their approximate levels in the untreated condition. At concentrations greater than 1ng/ml, the peptide promoted mineralized nodule formation of PDLC. And the peptide induced higher expressions of ALP and bone sialoprotein (BSP) than the control. CONCLUSION Our results show that the ameloblastin peptide upregulate ALP and BSP levels and can enhance calcification of PDLC. Thus, we suggest that the N-terminal synthetic ameloblastin peptide promotes the differentiation activity of PDLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masae Kitagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Ji QX, Deng J, Xing XM, Yuan CQ, Yu XB, Xu QC, Yue J. Biocompatibility of a chitosan-based injectable thermosensitive hydrogel and its effects on dog periodontal tissue regeneration. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Oestrogen receptors are involved in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells. Biosci Rep 2010; 31:117-24. [DOI: 10.1042/bsr20100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of PDLSCs [PDL (periodontal ligament) stem cells] in PDL has been identified and such cells may function in periodontal reconstruction, including bone formation. Oestrogens/ERs (oestrogen receptors; ERα and ERβ) exert important effects in bone formation, however, the relationship between ERs and PDLSCs has not been established. In the present study, PDLSCs were isolated and assays for detecting stem-cell biomarkers and multipotential differentiation potential confirmed the validity of human PDLSCs. The results of RT–PCR (reverse transcription–PCR) and Western blotting showed that ERα and ERβ were expressed at higher levels in PDLSCs as compared with PDLCs (PDL cells), and 17β-oestradiol obviously induced the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in vitro. Furthermore, a pan-ER inhibitor or lentivirus-mediated siRNA (small interfering RNA) targeting ERα or ERβ blocked the oestrogen-induced osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. The results indicate that both ERα and ERβ were involved in the process of osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs.
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Nebel D, Jönsson D, Norderyd O, Bratthall G, Nilsson BO. Differential regulation of chemokine expression by estrogen in human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:796-802. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Qian H, Zhao Y, Peng Y, Han C, Li S, Huo N, Ding Y, Duan Y, Xiong L, Sang H. Activation of cannabinoid receptor CB2 regulates osteogenic and osteoclastogenic gene expression in human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:504-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01265.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Liao F, Chen Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Shi B, Gong Z, Cheng X. A novel bioactive three-dimensional beta-tricalcium phosphate/chitosan scaffold for periodontal tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2010; 21:489-496. [PMID: 19908128 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-009-3931-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The development of suitable bioactive three-dimensional scaffold for the promotion of cellular proliferation and differentiation is critical in periodontal tissue engineering. In this study,porous beta-tricalcium phosphate/chitosan composite scaffolds were prepared through a freeze-drying method. These scaffolds were evaluated by analysis of microscopic structure, porosity, and cytocompatibility. The gene expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP) and cementum attachment protein (CAP) was detected with RT-PCR after human periodontal ligament cells (HPLCs) were seeded in these scaffolds. Then cell-scaffold complexes were implanted subcutaneously into athymic mice. The protein expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteopontin (OPN) was detected in vivo. Results indicated that composite scaffolds displayed a homogeneous three-dimensional microstructure; suitable pore size (120 microm) and high porosity (91.07%). The composite scaffold showed higher proliferation rate than the pure chitosan scaffold, and up-regulated the gene expression of BSP and CAP. In vivo, HPLCs in the composite scaffold not only proliferated but also recruited vascular tissue ingrowth. The protein expression of ALP and OPN was up-regulated in the composite scaffold. Therefore, it was suggested that the composite scaffold could promote the differentiation of HPLCs towards osteoblast and cementoblast phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liao
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
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Huttner EA, Machado DC, de Oliveira RB, Antunes AGF, Hebling E. Effects of human aging on periodontal tissues. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2009; 29:149-55. [PMID: 19573041 DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.2009.00082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Loss of teeth is frequently associated with periodontal disease in older adults. The aim of this review was to present the effects of aging on the periodontal tissues. Aging alone does not lead to critical loss of periodontal attachment in healthy elderly persons. The effects of aging on periodontal tissues are based on molecular changes in the periodontal cells, which intensify bone loss in elderly patients with periodontitis. These effects may be associated with (1) alterations in differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts; (2) an increase in periodontal cell response to the oral microbiota and mechanical stress leading to the secretion of cytokines involved in osseous resorption; and (3) systemic endocrine alterations in the elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Abreu Huttner
- Laboratory of Biomedical Gerontology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Zhang Y, Shi B, Li C, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhang W, Luo T, Cheng X. The synergetic bone-forming effects of combinations of growth factors expressed by adenovirus vectors on chitosan/collagen scaffolds. J Control Release 2009; 136:172-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ji QX, Zhong DY, Lü R, Zhang WQ, Deng J, Chen XG. In vitro evaluation of the biomedical properties of chitosan and quaternized chitosan for dental applications. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:1297-302. [PMID: 19535044 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential dental applications of chitosan (CS) and N-[1-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride (HTCC). HTCC was prepared by reacting CS with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC). CS and HTCC were characterized by infrared (FITR) and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of CS and HTCC against oral pathogens, their proliferation activity and effects on the ultrastructure of human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) were investigated. The results indicated that four oral strains were susceptible to CS and HTCC with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.25 to 2.5mg/mL. The in vitro 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thizolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay determined that CS at 2000, 1000, 100, and 50microg/mL could stimulate the proliferation of HPDLCs. Instead, HTCC inhibited the proliferation at the same concentrations but accelerated the proliferation of HPDLCs at relatively low concentrations (10, 3, 1.5, 1, and 0.3microg/mL). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations revealed that the ultra-architecture of HPDLC was seriously destroyed by HTCC treatment at 1000microg/mL. Taken together, these results contribute information necessary to enhance our understanding of CS and HTCC in the dental field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Xia Ji
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, 16# Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266001, PR China.
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Jönsson D, Amisten S, Bratthall G, Holm A, Nilsson BO. LPS induces GROalpha chemokine production via NF-kappaB in oral fibroblasts. Inflamm Res 2009; 58:791-6. [PMID: 19430878 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Chemotaxis of neutrophils from blood to the inflammation process plays an important role in development of periodontal inflammation. The novel chemokine GROalpha, also named CXCL1, is a strong chemoattractant for neutrophils. Data on production and regulation of GROalpha by oral fibroblasts have not previously been presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS GROalpha mRNA and protein levels were determined in human periodontal ligament cells and mouse gingival fibroblasts by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA. RESULTS We disclose that both human periodontal ligament cells and mouse gingival fibroblasts produce GROalpha in response to LPS stimulation. Stimulation with LPS for 24 h increased both mRNA for GROalpha and GROalpha protein. The steroid hormone estrogen had no effect on LPS-induced GROalpha mRNA expression. Treatment with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone attenuated LPS-induced GROalpha production, and the NF-kappaB blocker MG 132 fully prevented LPS-induced GROalpha. CONCLUSIONS Oral fibroblasts respond to LPS stimulation by increasing GROalpha production via the transcription factor NF-kappaB, suggesting that this mechanism may be involved in development of periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jönsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Mizuno N, Ozeki Y, Shiba H, Kajiya M, Nagahara T, Takeda K, Kawaguchi H, Abiko Y, Kurihara H. Humoral Factors Released From Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Influence Calcification and Proliferation in Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Periodontol 2008; 79:2361-70. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2008.070577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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